“The concept of bureaucratic authority has always been central to the analysis of formal organizations. Bureaucratic authority is distinguished from other types of authority relationships in being based on the office, not the person; it is authority which has its ultimate legitimacy in abstract norms and regulations rather than only in the wishes of a superior.” (Marshall W. Meyer, “The Two Authority Structures of Bureaucratic Organization,” Administrative Science Quarterly 13(2):211-228 (1968)))
All large bureaucratic apparatus--whether in public governments, large economic enterprises, or religious institutions--requires a means of ensuring that the bureaucracy works more or less as intended. Over the course of the centuries a number of fundamentally distinct systems have been created to solve the problem of supervisory supervision. Boards of Inquisition, civil service commissions, prosecutorial bodies, close public supervision and regimes of transparency, and the development of state agencies with sometimes broad authority to police functional bureaucracies have all been used, sometimes with some degree of success for a time.
March 2018 meeting, China’s National People’s Congress (NPC) approved a constitutional amendment creating a super-sized anti-corruption body called the National Supervision Commission and adopted a Supervision Law to govern its operations. A massive institutional restructuring plan subsequently issued by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) makes clear the Commission will be co-located with — and integrate its anti-corruption functions with — the CCP’s own powerful anti-graft body, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI). (What’s so controversial about China’s new anti-corruption body?)
The Chinese experiment in supervision will prove to be a very fruitful source of study for those interested in the construction and maintenance of collective organization. It has already proven to be quite problematic for Western critics (e.g., here). "But party-state think tanks hail the National Supervision Law as proof of the Communist Party’s self-asserted aspiration to “limit state power” and “establish the rule of law.”"(China’s Anti-Corruption Bill Exposes the Achilles’ Heel of Xi’s Legal Reforms). It is particularly interesting for the way in which it seeks to solve the problem of disciplining governance were power is divided between an administrative and a political apparatus which jointly exercise power. through a variety of collective mechanisms.
Chinese authorities have provided online resources for those interested in the construction of the new supervision apparatus under the Supervision law: 纪委监察委执纪执规执法 （查办职务违法职务犯罪案件及涉黑案件）电子手册 (Discipline Inspection Commission (Investigating and handling job-related crimes and black-related cases) Electronic manual). These follow below 目 录 [Table of Contents] 仅限中文. Links may also be accessed HERE.
目 录
一、管辖罪名及监察法释义
二、纪检监察工作规范汇总
三、监察委办案十二项措施
四、职务犯罪司法解释大全
五、职务犯罪定罪量刑标准
六、贪污贿赂案件证据规格
七、职务犯罪69个罪名全解
八、职务犯罪指导案例汇编
九、黑社会犯罪类相关规定
十、职务违法主要依据汇总
一、管辖罪名及监察法（释义）
（点击链接逐条阅读）
二、纪检监察工作规范汇总
（提示：点击图片链接查看）
三、监委办案十二项措施程序
提示：点击图片链接查看
四、职务犯罪司法解释大全
（提示：点击图片链接查看）
五、职务犯罪定罪量刑标准
（提示：点击图片链接查看）
六、贪污贿赂案件证据规格
（提示：点击图片链接查看）
| 贪污罪 | 挪用公款罪 | 受贿罪 |
七、职务犯罪案件罪名全解
(提示：点击罪名查看，内容仅供参考)
第八章 贪污贿赂罪
本章共有14个罪名
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1
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第382条
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2
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第384条
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3
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第385条
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4
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第387条
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5
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第388条之一
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6
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第389条
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7
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第390条之一
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8
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第391条
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9
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第392条
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10
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第393条
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11
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第395条第1款
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12
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第395条第2款
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13
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第396条第1款
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14
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第396条第2款
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第九章 渎职罪
本章共有37个罪名
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15
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第397条
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16
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第397条
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17
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第398条
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18
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第398条
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19
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第399条第1款
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20
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第399条第2款
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21
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第399条第3款
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22
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第399条第3款
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23
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第399条之一
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24
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第400条第1款
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25
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第400条第2款
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26
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第401条
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27
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第402条
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28
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第403条
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29
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第404条
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30
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第405条第1款
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31
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第405条第2款
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32
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第406条
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33
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第407条
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34
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第408条
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35
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第408条之一
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36
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第409条
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37
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第410条
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38
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第410条
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39
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第411条
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40
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第412条第1款
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41
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第412条第2款
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42
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第413条第1款
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43
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第413条第2款
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44
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第414条
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45
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第415条
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46
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第415条
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47
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第416条第1款
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48
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第416条第2款
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49
|
第417条
| |
50
|
第418条
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51
|
第419条
| |
利用职权实施的侵犯公民权利的其他犯罪案件
本部分共有7个罪名
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52
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第238条
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53
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第245条
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54
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第247条
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55
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第247条
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56
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第248条
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57
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第254条
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58
|
第256条
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其他经济犯罪案件
本部分共有11个罪名
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59
|
第271条
| 职务侵占罪 |
60
|
第272条
| 挪用资金罪 |
61
|
第163条
| 非国家工作人员受贿罪 |
62
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第164条
| 对非国家工作人员行贿罪 |
63
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第165条
| 非法经营同类营业罪 |
64
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第166条
| 为亲友非法牟利罪 |
65
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第167条
| 签订、履行合同失职被骗罪 |
66
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第168条
| 国有公司、企业、事业单位人员失职罪 |
67
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第168条
| 国有公司、企业、事业单位人员滥用职权罪 |
68
|
第169条
| 徇私舞弊低价折股、出售国有资产罪 |
69
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第169条之一
| 背信损害上市公司利益罪 |
八、职务犯罪重点案例汇编
（提示：点击图片链接查看）
案例
两高指导性案例
案例
最高人民法院公报案例
案例
刑事审判参考案例
案例
其他参考案例
九、黑社会犯罪类相关规定
（点击链接逐条阅读）
十、监委调查的职务违法行为汇总
（附61部法律依据）
（点击链接逐条阅读）
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