经过艰苦奋斗，中国人民用自己的双手在中华大地上实现了全面建成小康社会的目标，打赢了脱贫攻坚战，历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题。图为第四届中国图片大赛簕杜鹃特别奖获奖作品《大庆3100张脱贫户笑脸绽放幸福画卷》，该图片是大庆市摄影家协会用拼图方式完成的，主图主人公是脱贫户王玉兰。Pix credit : (深入领会新时代的历史性成就和历史性变革).
There is no point going to the trouble of developing of official history if one is not prepared to use it to help shape the masses. The nation can be better brought to overcome the contradictions of the current historical era and to change itself and its way of understanding the world under the leadership of the vanguard with an official history. "The more comprehensive the understanding of the historical process, the more profound the grasp of historical laws, the richer the party's historical wisdom, and the more active the grasp of the future." (深入领会新时代的历史性成就和历史性变革 来源：《求是》2022/01 作者：曲青山 2022-01-01 16:00:48 ).
China now has its official history for the new era (discussed at "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century" [中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议（全文）] Text and Thoughts). In an address to the Democratic Life Meeting on Party History Learning and Education held by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee from December 27 to 28, 2021, Xi Jinping elaborated on the value and use of the Central Committee Resolution on the Historic Achievements of the Party. His remarks were summarized in an essay that appeared in Qiushi, the theoretical organ of the Chinese Communist Party1 January 2022 under the authorship of "Qu Qingshan." That essay, 深入领会新时代的历史性成就和历史性变革来源：《求是》2022/01 作者：曲青山 2022-01-01 16:00:48[Deeply understand the historic achievements and historic changes of the new era; Source: "Seeking Truth" [Qiushi] 2022/01 Author: Qu Qingshan 2022-01-01 16:00:48], is worth reading.
That essay follows below in the original Chinese as well as in a crude English translation. Most of it speaks for itself and is quite straightforward. A very few points may be worth underlining.
1. Both the Central Committee History Resolution and this "Deeply Understand" essay are essential elements in the construction of New Era developments of Chinese Marxist-Leninism. It is a memory, justification, and the application of the insights of the normative project of Chinese Leninism in its long term work of moving society toward the establishment of Communist society in China. At the same time, the Resolution and its official interpretation (plus this application guide) also continue to help shape and evolve New Era theory. But more importantly, it suggests the dynamic nature of Chinese Marxist Leninism that ensures that it is flexible enough to respond to the current situation both by the evolution of policy and the theoretical basis for the deployment of policy. Systems that are capable of dynamic evolution--through mechanics of textual interpretation, through a magisterium, or through processes of periodic reform appear to retain a closer connection with the masses whose behavior is its subject and object.
2. The "Deeply Understand" essay, like many that will be written around it (and the "Resolution"), is focused on two audiences and thus speaks at two tonal levels. The first and simplest "tone" is the effort to popularize the sometimes more complex and subtle weaving of more than a century of theoretical-political development in ways that may be more easily conveyed to, taught, and absorbed by the masses. There will be more of this as more targeted instructional materials are prepared for various target audiences (students, rural populations, workers, etc.). The more nuanced tone is directed toward Party cadres, especially at the lower and middle levels. That too, will produce additional teaching materials that will also be targeted to the different levels of the Party. Without the mechanics of communal meaning making, without the policing of a common lens through which the world can be seen and understood, the integrity of the masses and the leadership of its core may be weakened. This is as important in liberal democratic theaters of authority as it is in Marxist Leninist ones, though the performance of power and the lenses are quite different and irreconcilable. States whose elites are unable to maintain a close connection between theory way of seeing the world and those of the masses may find their authority questioned and their relevance threatened. Yet the maintenance of a common language is hard work, made harder by the need for internal translation and external projection.
3. There is a third audience that appears on the sidelines. That audience includes foreign friends (for whom these materials are meant to make the curation of history more accessible and better understood as part of the Chinese Marxist-Leninist project). But it also includes foreign competitors and opponents, for whom these materials are meant to develop a justification for and a legitimization of the the Chinese Marxist Leninist project in history, and, through history, to its authority in contemporary times.This projection is a critical element of the development of Chinese ideological internationalism (as it has been for the similar project of liberal democratic internationalism). Its focus on the developing state camp is also crucial. It is clear that except for sympathetically intellectual elites in the liberal democratic camp, such projections are important principally to ensure the preservation f a space for legitimacy and the challenge to the liberal democratic camp's claims to universalism. That is a cultural-political project and an old one. But so is the effort to project Chinese Leninism in forms that may be both interesting to and compatible with the needs and outlooks of developing states. The Belt & Road Initiative provides the space where such a project may be undertaken. These performances of theory and their memorialization may serve as the means of translating these notions beyond Chinese territorial borders. Consequently it may be more important to gauge how these expressions are received in developing states than their reception in Washington, D.C., New York, Paris, or Berlin.
深入领会新时代的历史性成就和历史性变革
来源：《求是》2022/01 作者：曲青山 2022-01-01 16:00:48
深入领会新时代的历史性成就和历史性变革
曲青山
历史认知是历史自信的重要基础。对历史进程的认识越全面，对历史规律的把握越深刻，党的历史智慧越丰富，对前途的掌握就越主动。在2021年12月27日至28日中共中央政治局召开的党史学习教育专题民主生活会上，习近平总书记这样强调。
党的十九届六中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》（以下简称《决议》），是一篇马克思主义的纲领性文献；是新时代中国共产党人牢记初心使命、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的政治宣言；是以史为鉴、开创未来，实现中华民族伟大复兴的行动指南。
《决议》全面总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验，对推动全党增长智慧、增进团结、增加信心、增强斗志，对认识历史规律、提升历史自觉、掌握历史主动、坚定历史自信，对牢记初心使命、传承红色基因，推动全党进一步统一思想、统一意志、统一行动，团结带领全国各族人民夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利，具有极其重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。
一
《决议》把党的百年奋斗历程明确划分为四个历史时期，即新民主主义革命时期、社会主义革命和建设时期、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期、中国特色社会主义新时代。从各个历史时期所占的篇幅来看，第四部分“开创中国特色社会主义新时代”所用笔墨最多、占篇幅最大，超过《决议》的二分之一以上。如果说第一部分“夺取新民主主义革命伟大胜利”、第二部分“完成社会主义革命和推进社会主义建设”、第三部分“进行改革开放和社会主义现代化建设”是党的百年奋斗历程中的“大写意”，第四部分则是党的百年奋斗历程中的“工笔画”。
《决议》为什么要作这样的布局和安排，有什么样的考虑呢？
第一，我们党对前三个时期的历史已经作过系统总结。正如习近平总书记在关于《决议》的说明中指出的那样：“对党在新民主主义革命时期、社会主义革命和建设时期、党的十一届三中全会到党的十一届六中全会期间的历史，前两个历史决议已经作过系统总结；对改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期的成就和经验，党的十一届三中全会召开二十周年、三十周年时党中央都进行了认真总结，我在庆祝改革开放四十周年大会上发表讲话，也作了系统总结。”对于第一、第二个历史时期，前两个历史决议的总结“其基本论述和结论至今仍然适用”。对于第三个历史时期，党中央进行的认真总结和习近平总书记的系统总结至今仍然具有重要指导意义。
经过艰苦奋斗，中国人民用自己的双手在中华大地上实现了全面建成小康社会的目标，打赢了脱贫攻坚战，历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题。图为第四届中国图片大赛簕杜鹃特别奖获奖作品《大庆3100张脱贫户笑脸绽放幸福画卷》，该图片是大庆市摄影家协会用拼图方式完成的，主图主人公是脱贫户王玉兰。
第二，中国特色社会主义新时代是过去和未来的中间环节，一头连着过去，一头连着未来。过去、现在、未来是相通的，今天从昨天走过来，明天从今天走过去。习近平总书记在关于《决议》的说明中强调指出：“突出中国特色社会主义新时代这个重点，有利于引导全党进一步坚定信心，聚焦我们正在做的事情，以更加昂扬的姿态迈进新征程、建功新时代。”
第三，感性认识需要及时上升到理性认识。毛泽东同志曾说过：“我们的实践证明：感觉到了的东西，我们不能立刻理解它，只有理解了的东西才更深刻地感觉它。感觉只解决现象问题，理论才解决本质问题。”只有大量地对我们感觉到的东西，加以去粗取精、去伪存真、由此及彼、由表及里的总结、归纳、概括、提炼，进行科学抽象，才能认识事物本质，把握历史规律，增强历史自觉，发扬历史主动精神。中国特色社会主义新时代是党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全党全国各族人民开创的。每一个中国人都是这个时代的参与者、见证者、实践者。虽然每个人对于新时代有亲身的感受、切身的经历，但如果不进行系统总结，不及时上升到理性认识的高度，那么这些感受和经历，还只是处在感性的、局部的、不完整的阶段，就难免具有片面性和历史局限性。
《决议》集中全党智慧，发扬民主，集思广益，认真及时盘点、梳理、总结新时代，对于保持过去良好的发展势头，以一往无前的奋斗姿态继续开拓前进，无疑具有极其重要的作用和意义。
二
《决议》中“开创中国特色社会主义新时代”这一部分，回顾了党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央，团结带领全党全国各族人民砥砺奋进的极不平凡历程，充分反映了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想与时俱进的最新成果，系统总结了新时代党和国家事业取得的历史性成就、发生的历史性变革。
学习领会《决议》的这部分内容，首先需要理解和把握“两个确立”的决定性意义。《决议》深刻总结党的百年奋斗、党的十八大以来伟大实践，得出了一个重大政治论断，就是“两个确立”。《决议》指出：“党确立习近平同志党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，确立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的指导地位，反映了全党全军全国各族人民共同心愿，对新时代党和国家事业发展、对推进中华民族伟大复兴历史进程具有决定性意义。”这一重大政治论断的落脚点、关键点，在于“对新时代党和国家事业发展、对推进中华民族伟大复兴历史进程具有决定性意义”这句话。
“两个确立”是在什么样的历史背景和历史条件下确立的呢？是在新时代新的发展阶段和新的历史方位下确立的。新时代是个什么样的时代？具有什么样的内涵？党的十九大报告专门有一段话进行论述，《决议》也作了进一步强调。《决议》指出：“以习近平同志为核心的党中央统筹把握中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，强调中国特色社会主义新时代是承前启后、继往开来、在新的历史条件下继续夺取中国特色社会主义伟大胜利的时代，是决胜全面建成小康社会、进而全面建设社会主义现代化强国的时代，是全国各族人民团结奋斗、不断创造美好生活、逐步实现全体人民共同富裕的时代，是全体中华儿女勠力同心、奋力实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的时代，是我国不断为人类作出更大贡献的时代。”这就是新时代5个方面的内涵和特征，这5个方面也确定了我们党在这个历史阶段的奋斗目标和历史任务。《决议》指出：在中国特色社会主义新时代，党面临的主要任务是实现第一个百年奋斗目标，开启实现第二个百年奋斗目标新征程，朝着实现中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟目标继续前进。由此可见，新时代标定了党和国家事业发展处在一个新的历史方位。
正是在新时代的历史方位上，习近平总书记以深厚人民情怀、卓越政治智慧、强烈使命担当，带领全党全国各族人民发扬伟大的历史主动精神，解决了许多长期想解决而没有解决的难题，办成了许多过去想办而没有办成的大事，推动党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。在这一过程中，习近平总书记成为众望所归、当之无愧的党的核心、人民领袖、军队统帅，习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想应运而生、顺势而成。其中，“第一个确立”是在党的十八届六中全会上确立的，“第二个确立”是在党的十九大上确立的。“两个确立”是总结新时代波澜壮阔的伟大历程得出的必然结论，被实践证明是完全正确的。
一个成熟的马克思主义政党，坚强领导核心的确立总是与科学思想的指引相辅相成、相互促进。新时代的伟大斗争产生了党的坚强领导核心，党的坚强领导核心领导了新时代的伟大斗争；新时代的伟大实践孕育和催生了党的创新理论，党的创新理论引领了新时代的伟大实践。坚强的核心、先进的思想与非凡的事业彼此辉映，在互动互变互促中使实现中华民族伟大复兴进入了不可逆转的历史进程。
“两个确立”不只是党的十八大以来最重要的政治成果和最宝贵的历史经验，也是深刻总结党的百年奋斗得出的郑重历史结论。确立成熟稳定的领导核心，确立科学理论的指导地位，历来关乎党的事业成败、关系党的前途命运。革命战争年代，1935年遵义会议事实上确立了毛泽东同志在党中央和红军的领导地位，开始确立以毛泽东同志为主要代表的马克思主义正确路线在党中央的领导地位，开始形成以毛泽东同志为核心的党的第一代中央领导集体，在最危急关头挽救了党、挽救了红军、挽救了中国革命，成为党的历史上一个生死攸关的转折点。之后10年的时间，从遵义会议到党的七大，正是因为以毛泽东同志为核心的党的第一代中央领导集体的逐步形成，我们党才能更好从全局和战略的高度总结历史经验和进行理论思考，使得毛泽东思想不断发展成熟，引导中国革命航船乘风破浪、胜利驶向光辉的彼岸。把“两个确立”写进《决议》，既是历史发展的结果、历史奋斗的结晶，也是历史经验的启迪、历史规律的昭示，充分彰显了我们党高度的历史自觉和历史自信。
以史为鉴，可以知兴替。坚持好、维护好“两个确立”，我们党就能在中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局深度演进互动的复杂条件下，坚持正确前进方向，乘风破浪不迷航，不断把党和人民事业推向前进；就能始终把握发展规律，运用科学世界观和方法论谋划事业发展、应对风险挑战，带领全国各族人民不断开辟中华民族伟大复兴的光明前景。
三
可以从理论创新和实践变革两个层面来认识和把握中国特色社会主义新时代取得的历史性成就、发生的历史性变革。
——从理论创新层面，深入把握习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想这一马克思主义中国化的最新成果。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是怎么产生的？这一思想具有什么样的科学内涵、历史地位和重大意义？《决议》对此作了全面深刻阐述。《决议》指出，党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人，坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，坚持毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观，深刻总结并充分运用党成立以来的历史经验，从新的实际出发，创立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想。这里讲的“两个结合”，是我们党对这个问题认识的一个深化、一个提高，是一个重要的理论创新。
习近平总书记对关系新时代党和国家事业发展的一系列重大理论和实践问题进行了深邃思考和科学判断，就新时代坚持和发展什么样的中国特色社会主义、怎样坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，建设什么样的社会主义现代化强国、怎样建设社会主义现代化强国，建设什么样的长期执政的马克思主义政党、怎样建设长期执政的马克思主义政党等重大时代课题，提出一系列原创性的治国理政新理念新思想新战略。《决议》就习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想回答的重大时代课题，从党的十九大报告中的“一个重大时代课题”拓展为“三个重大时代课题”。
习近平总书记是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的主要创立者。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义，是中华文化和中国精神的时代精华，实现了马克思主义中国化新的飞跃。以上四句话中，第一、第二、第四句话，在党的十九大后开始讲，并且一直在讲，这次明确写进了《决议》里。“是中华文化和中国精神的时代精华”这句话，是《决议》对习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想给予的新评价，在党的文件中首次正式公开提出。
《决议》在党的十九大报告“八个明确”基础上，用“十个明确”对习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的科学内涵、核心内容，作了进一步概括。
一是明确中国特色社会主义最本质的特征是中国共产党领导，中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势是中国共产党领导，中国共产党是最高政治领导力量，全党必须增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”。
这一条是把党的十九大报告中的第八个明确的“中国特色社会主义最本质的特征是中国共产党领导，中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势是中国共产党领导，党是最高政治领导力量”提到这里，增加了“全党必须增强‘四个意识’、坚定‘四个自信’、做到‘两个维护’”的表述。
二是明确坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，总任务是实现社会主义现代化和中华民族伟大复兴，在全面建成小康社会的基础上，分两步走在本世纪中叶建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国，以中国式现代化推进中华民族伟大复兴。
这一条增加了“以中国式现代化推进中华民族伟大复兴”的表述。
党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把科技创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置，作出战略谋划和系统部署。一大批重大创新成果竞相涌现，一些前沿领域开始进入并跑、领跑阶段，科技实力正在从量的积累迈向质的飞跃、从点的突破迈向系统能力提升，对促进经济社会发展、提高国家综合实力、满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的支撑作用显著增强。图为2021年11月20日拍摄的中国光谷科技会展中心“5G+工业互联网成果展”现场。 新华社发 伍志尊/摄
三是明确新时代我国社会主要矛盾是人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，必须坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，发展全过程人民民主，推动人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。
这一条增加了“发展全过程人民民主”、“取得更为明显的实质性进展”的表述。
四是明确中国特色社会主义事业总体布局是经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设五位一体，战略布局是全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党四个全面。
这一条把“八个明确”中的“五位一体”、“四个全面”展开表述。这两个概念是第一次在《决议》里出现，展开后可以使读者更清晰地了解“五位一体”、“四个全面”的内涵。
党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央以前所未有的力度抓生态文明建设，我国生态环境保护发生历史性、转折性、全局性变化。甘肃省张掖市黑泉村曾长期受风沙袭扰，经过当地村民数十年不懈努力，肆虐的“黄龙”被层层“绿网”牢牢锁住，实现了“绿富同兴”。图为祁连山下的西沙窝防风固沙林带。 郑耀德/摄
五是明确全面深化改革总目标是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。六是明确全面推进依法治国总目标是建设中国特色社会主义法治体系、建设社会主义法治国家。
这两条是原有的。
七是明确必须坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，把握新发展阶段，贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，推动高质量发展，统筹发展和安全。
这一条是全新的。
八是明确党在新时代的强军目标是建设一支听党指挥、能打胜仗、作风优良的人民军队，把人民军队建设成为世界一流军队。
这一条是原有的。
九是明确中国特色大国外交要服务民族复兴、促进人类进步，推动建设新型国际关系，推动构建人类命运共同体。
这一条增加了“服务民族复兴、促进人类进步”的表述。
十是明确全面从严治党的战略方针，提出新时代党的建设总要求，全面推进党的政治建设、思想建设、组织建设、作风建设、纪律建设，把制度建设贯穿其中，深入推进反腐败斗争，落实管党治党政治责任，以伟大自我革命引领伟大社会革命。
这一条保留了“提出新时代党的建设总要求”的表述，放在“十个明确”最后，与党的领导首尾呼应。
党的十九大报告从两个方面总结习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的核心内容，一方面从思想理念层面讲“八个明确”，另一个方面从基本方略层面讲“十四个坚持”。《决议》将“八个明确”丰富发展为“十个明确”，体现了党的十九大以来，习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想在实践中进一步得到丰富和发展。“十个明确”是对习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的再概括、再提炼，是党对共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律、人类社会发展规律认识深化和理论创新的重大成果。
——从实践变革层面，深入把握新时代实践的新成就。《决议》从13个方面对党的十八大以来党治国理政采取的重大方略、推进的重大工作、推出的重大举措进行了系统阐述，重点总结其中的原创性思想、变革性实践、突破性进展、标志性成果。
这13个方面是：坚持党的全面领导、全面从严治党、经济建设、全面深化改革开放、政治建设、全面依法治国、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设、国防和军队建设、维护国家安全、坚持“一国两制”和推进祖国统一、外交工作。如果将《决议》中的13个方面与党的十九大报告中阐述的新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的基本方略14个方面作对照，就会发现，13个方面主要是从实践层面讲的，“十四个坚持”是从方略角度讲的，前者是后者在实践领域的展开和深化，同时也是“十个明确”在实践领域的展开和深化。
《决议》对13个方面中每个方面的阐述，大体按照历史脉络、时代背景、实践过程、时间顺序、逻辑关系、具体内容层层递进、逐步展开。叙述的内容是在各个领域，习近平总书记和党中央是在什么样的历史条件下，面对什么样的问题，进行了什么样的思考，提出了什么样的方略，采取了什么样的举措，带领全党全国各族人民怎么干的、怎么干成的，最终取得了什么样的成效。可以说是对新时代以习近平同志为核心的党中央治国理政成就和经验的全面总结、全面展示。
这些历史性成就是全方位、开创性的。比如，在中华大地上全面建成小康社会，全面打赢脱贫攻坚战，历史性地解决了困扰中华民族几千年的绝对贫困问题；我国国内生产总值突破100万亿元大关，人均国内生产总值超过1万美元，稳居世界上中等收入国家行列；我国在载人航天、探月工程、超级计算、量子通信、大飞机制造、航空母舰等基础和前沿领域取得一大批标志性成果，若干领域实现从“跟跑”到“并跑”、“领跑”的跃升；建成世界上规模最大的社会保障体系，10.2亿人拥有基本养老保险，13.6亿人拥有基本医疗保险，人民生活水平显著提高……
这些历史性变革是深层次、根本性的。比如，坚持全面从严治党，从落实中央八项规定精神破题狠抓作风建设，以零容忍态度开展反腐败斗争，实现了管党治党从宽松软到严紧硬的转变，反腐败斗争取得压倒性胜利并全面巩固；坚持以完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化为总目标全面深化改革，各领域基础性制度框架基本确立，许多领域实现历史性变革、系统性重塑、整体性重构；坚持把握进入新发展阶段的要求，牢固树立新发展理念，加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，实现了对传统发展理念、发展模式的根本性变革……
党的十八大以来，党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，最根本的原因在于有习近平总书记作为党中央的核心、全党的核心掌舵领航，在于有习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引。
这是历史得出的结论，这是实践给出的答案，这是人民作出的评判。
作者：中共中央党史和文献研究院院长
Deeply understand the historic achievements and historic changes of the new era
Source: "Seeking Truth" [Qiushi] 2022/01 Author: Qu Qingshan 2022-01-01 16:00:48
Deeply understand the historic achievements and historic changes of the new era
Qu Qingshan
Historical cognition is an important basis for historical confidence. The more comprehensive the understanding of the historical process, the more profound the grasp of historical laws, the richer the party's historical wisdom, and the more active the grasp of the future. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized this at the Democratic Life Meeting on Party History Learning and Education held by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee from December 27 to 28, 2021.
The "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party's Hundred Years of Struggle" (hereinafter referred to as the "Resolution") deliberated and passed by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is a programmatic document of Marxism; it is the new era of the Communist Party of China People keep in mind the original mission, adhere to and develop the political declaration of socialism with Chinese characteristics; take history as a mirror, create the future, and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
The "Resolution" comprehensively summarizes the major achievements and historical experience of the party's century-long struggle. It is of great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance to have the original mission, inherit the red genes, promote the whole party to further unify thoughts, wills, and actions, and unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups in the country to win the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
one
The "Resolution" clearly divides the party's century-long struggle into four historical periods, namely the period of the new democratic revolution, the period of socialist revolution and construction, the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Judging from the space occupied by each historical period, the fourth part, "Creating a New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics", uses the most pen and ink and occupies the largest space, more than half of the Resolution. If we say that the first part "grasps the great victory of the new democratic revolution", the second part "completes the socialist revolution and promotes socialist construction", and the third part "carries out reform and opening up and socialist modernization" is the part of the party's century-long struggle in broad brush strokes. The fourth part is the "fine brushwork" in the party's century-long struggle.
Why does the Resolution make such a layout and arrangement, and what are the considerations?
First, our party has made a systematic summary of the history of the first three periods. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his explanation of the "Resolution": "For the Party during the period of the New Democratic Revolution, the period of socialist revolution and construction, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party to the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party The history of the period, the first two historical resolutions have been systematically summarized; the achievements and experience of the new era of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, the Party Central Committee held the 20th and 30th anniversaries of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. I made a careful summary, and I gave a speech at the celebration of the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, and I also made a systematic summary." For the first and second historical periods, the summary of the first two historical resolutions "the basic expositions and conclusions are still up to now. Be applicable". For the third historical period, the careful summary by the Party Central Committee and the systematic summary by General Secretary Xi Jinping still have important guiding significance.
After arduous struggle, the Chinese people used their own hands to achieve the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects on the land of China, won the battle against poverty, and solved the problem of absolute poverty historically. The picture shows the 4th China Photo Contest Bougainvillea Special Award winning work "3100 pictures of happy faces of poverty alleviation households in Daqing". This picture was completed by the Daqing Photographers Association with a puzzle. The main character of the picture is Wang Yulan, a poverty alleviation household.
Second, the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics is an intermediate link between the past and the future, connecting the past at one end and the future at the other. The past, present, and future are interlinked. Today comes from yesterday, and tomorrow comes from today. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in his explanation of the "Resolution": "The emphasis on the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics will help guide the whole party to further strengthen its confidence, focus on what we are doing, and move forward with a more high-spirited attitude towards the new journey. A new era of meritorious deeds.”
Third, perceptual cognition needs to rise to rational cognition in time. Comrade Mao Zedong once said: "Our practice has proved that what we feel, we cannot immediately understand it, and only what we understand can we feel it more deeply. Feeling only solves phenomenal problems, and theory solves essential problems." Only by doing scientific abstraction, can we understand the essence of things, grasp the laws of history, enhance historical consciousness, and carry forward history initiative. The new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics has been created since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Every Chinese is a participant, witness and practitioner of this era. Although everyone has personal feelings and personal experiences about the new era, if they do not systematically summarize and rise to the level of rational understanding in time, then these feelings and experiences are only perceptual, partial, and incomplete. stage, it is inevitable to have one-sidedness and historical limitations.
The "Resolution" concentrates the wisdom of the whole party, promotes democracy, brainstorms, carefully and timely inventory, sort out, and summarize the new era. It will undoubtedly play an extremely important role and significance in maintaining the good development momentum in the past and continuing to forge ahead with an unremitting struggle.
two
The section "Creating a New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics" in the "Resolution" recalls the extraordinary journey of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, uniting and leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups to forge ahead since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. It fully reflects the latest achievements of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to keep pace with the times, and systematically summarizes the historic achievements and historic changes that have taken place in the cause of the party and the country in the new era.
To learn and comprehend this part of the "Resolution", we must first understand and grasp the decisive meaning of the "two establishments". The "Resolution" profoundly summed up the party's century-long struggle and the great practice since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and reached a major political conclusion, which is "two establishments". The "Resolution" pointed out: "The Party has established Comrade Xi Jinping as the core of the Party Central Committee and the core of the whole Party, and establishes the guiding position of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The development of the cause of the party and the country is of decisive significance for advancing the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." The baseline and key point of this major political assertion lies in "the development of the cause of the party and the country in the new era and the historical process of promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is decisive."
Under what historical background and conditions were the "two establishments" established? It was established in the new era, new development stage and new historical orientation. What kind of era is the new era? What kind of connotation does it have? The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China devoted a paragraph to the discussion, and the Resolution also made further emphasis. The "Resolution" pointed out: "The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core will make overall plans to grasp the overall situation of the strategy of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the great changes unseen in the world in a century, and emphasize that the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics is to inherit the past and usher in the future, build on the past and usher in the future, and continue under new historical conditions. The era of winning the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the era of decisively building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and then building a great modern socialist country in an all-round way. The era in which all the sons and daughters of the Chinese people work together and strive to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is an era in which our country continues to make greater contributions to mankind." This is the connotation and characteristics of the five aspects of the new era, and these five aspects have also been determined. The goals and historical tasks of our party at this historical stage. The "Resolution" pointed out: In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the main task facing the party is to achieve the first centenary goal, start a new journey to achieve the second centenary goal, and continue to move towards the grand goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. . It can be seen that the new era has marked the development of the party and the country in a new historical position.
It is in the historical position of the new era that General Secretary Xi Jinping, with profound people's feelings, outstanding political wisdom, and strong mission, leads the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups to carry forward the great historical initiative, and solve many long-term problems that have not been solved. We have accomplished many great things that we wanted to do in the past but could not be done, and pushed the cause of the party and the country to achieve historic achievements and bring about historic changes. In this process, General Secretary Xi Jinping has become the well-deserved core of the party, the leader of the people, and the commander-in-chief of the army. Among them, the "first establishment" was established at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, and the "second establishment" was established at the 19th CPC National Congress. "Two establishments" is an inevitable conclusion drawn from summarizing the magnificent course of the new era, and it has been proved to be completely correct by practice.
In a mature Marxist political party, the establishment of a strong leadership core always complements and promotes the guidance of scientific thought. The great struggle of the new era has produced the Party's strong leadership core, and the Party's strong leadership core has led the great struggle of the new era; the great practice of the new era has nurtured and spawned the Party's innovative theory, and the Party's innovative theory has led the greatness of the new era. practice. The strong core, advanced ideas and extraordinary undertakings reflect each other, and in the process of mutual transformation and mutual promotion, the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process.
The "two establishments" are not only the most important political achievements and the most valuable historical experience since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, but also a solemn historical conclusion drawn from a profound summary of the party's century-long struggle. Establishing a mature and stable leadership core and establishing the guiding position of scientific theory have always been related to the success or failure of the party's cause and the party's future and destiny. During the Revolutionary War, the Zunyi Conference in 1935 actually established the leadership of Comrade Mao Zedong in the Party Central Committee and the Red Army, and began to establish the leadership of the correct Marxist line with Comrade Mao Zedong as the main representative in the Party Central Committee, and began to form Comrade Mao Zedong as the core. The first generation of the central leadership collective of the party, which saved the party, the Red Army, and the Chinese revolution at the most critical moment, became a life-and-death turning point in the history of the party. In the next 10 years, from the Zunyi Conference to the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it is precisely because of the gradual formation of the first generation of the party's central leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong as the core that our party can better summarize historical experience from an overall and strategic perspective. And theoretical thinking has made Mao Zedong Thought continue to develop and mature, and guide the Chinese revolutionary ship to ride the wind and waves and sail successfully to the other side of glory. Writing the "two establishments" into the "Resolution" is not only the result of historical development, the crystallization of historical struggle, but also the enlightenment of historical experience and the demonstration of historical laws, which fully demonstrates our party's high level of historical consciousness and historical confidence.
Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall. By adhering to and maintaining the "Two Establishments", our party will be able to adhere to the correct direction of progress, ride the wind and waves without getting lost, and constantly improve the party's We can always grasp the law of development, use the scientific world outlook and methodology to plan the development of the cause, deal with risks and challenges, and lead the people of all ethnic groups in the country to continuously open up a bright future for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
three
From the perspective of theoretical innovation and practical change, we can understand and grasp the historical achievements and historical changes that have taken place in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
——From the perspective of theoretical innovation, deeply grasp Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the latest achievement of the Sinicization of Marxism. How did Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era come into being? What kind of scientific connotation, historical status and significance does this thought have? The "Resolution" has made a comprehensive and in-depth exposition on this. The "Resolution" pointed out that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Communists, mainly represented by Comrade Xi Jinping, have insisted on combining the basic principles of Marxism with China's concrete reality and with the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and adhered to Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory. , the important thought of "Three Represents", and the Scientific Outlook on Development, profoundly summed up and made full use of the historical experience since the founding of the party, and proceeded from the new reality to create Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The "combination of the two" mentioned here is a deepening and an improvement of our Party's understanding of this issue, and an important theoretical innovation.
General Secretary Xi Jinping made profound reflections and scientific judgments on a series of major theoretical and practical issues related to the development of the party and the country in the new era, and discussed what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics to adhere to and develop in the new era, and how to adhere to and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics. , what kind of modern socialist power to build, how to build a socialist modern power, what kind of long-term ruling Marxist political party, how to build a long-term ruling Marxist political party and other major issues of the times, and put forward a series of original state governance. New ideas, new ideas, new strategies. The "Resolution" has expanded from "a major issue of the era" in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to "three major issues of the era" on the major issues of the era answered by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.
General Secretary Xi Jinping is the main founder of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is contemporary Chinese Marxism, 21st century Marxism, and the essence of the times of Chinese culture and Chinese spirit, realizing a new leap in the sinicization of Marxism. Of the above four sentences, the first, second, and fourth sentences were spoken after the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and have been spoken all the time. This time, they were explicitly written into the "Resolution". The phrase "it is the essence of the era of Chinese culture and Chinese spirit" is a new evaluation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in the Resolution, which was officially put forward for the first time in a party document.
The "Resolution" further summarizes the scientific connotation and core content of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era on the basis of the "eight clarifications" in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
The first is to clarify that the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The Communist Party of China is the highest political leadership force. Self-confidence" and achieve "two maintenance".
This article is based on the eighth point in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China that "the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the party is the highest political leadership force "Mentioning here, the statement that "the whole party must strengthen the 'four consciousness', strengthen the 'four self-confidence', and achieve the 'two maintenance'" was added.
The second is to clearly uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics. The general task is to realize socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. On the basis of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we will build a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful socialist in two steps by the middle of this century. A powerful modern country, promoting China with Chinese-style modernization Great national revival.
This article adds the expression "promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization".
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has placed scientific and technological innovation at the core of the overall national development, and has made strategic plans and systematic deployments. A large number of major innovation achievements have emerged one after another, and some frontier fields have entered the stage of parallel running and leading. The supporting role of comprehensive strength and meeting the people's growing needs for a better life has been significantly enhanced. The picture shows the scene of the "5G+ Industrial Internet Achievement Exhibition" at the China Optics Valley Science and Technology Convention and Exhibition Center on November 20, 2021. Xinhua News Agency Wu Zhizun / photo
The third is to clarify that the main contradiction in Chinese society in the new era is the contradiction between the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. We must adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, develop people's democracy throughout the process, and promote the all-round development of people. , The common prosperity of all the people has made more obvious and substantial progress.
This article adds the expressions of "developing people's democracy in the whole process" and "making more obvious substantive progress".
The fourth is to clarify that the overall layout of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the five-in-one of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, and ecological civilization construction. Strictly govern the party in four comprehensive ways.
This article expresses the "five-in-one" and "four comprehensive" in the "eight clear". These two concepts appear in the Resolution for the first time, and after unfolding, readers can understand the connotations of "Five-in-One" and "Four Comprehensives" more clearly.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core has made unprecedented efforts to build ecological civilization, and my country's ecological environment protection has undergone historic, turning and overall changes. Heiquan Village, Zhangye City, Gansu Province has been harassed by sandstorms for a long time. After decades of unremitting efforts of local villagers, the raging "Huanglong" has been firmly locked by layers of "green nets", realizing "green wealth and prosperity". The picture shows the Xishawo windbreak and sand-fixation forest belt under the Qilian Mountains. Zheng Yaode / photo
Fifth, it is clear that the overall goal of comprehensively deepening the reform is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and to promote the modernization of the country's governance system and governance capacity. Sixth, it is clear that the general goal of comprehensively promoting the rule of law is to build a socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics and a socialist country under the rule of law.
These two are original.
Seventh, it is clear that the basic socialist economic system must be adhered to and improved, so that the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation, the government can better play its role, grasp the new development stage, implement the new development concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, and speed up Build a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles mutually promoting each other, promote high-quality development, and coordinate development and security.
This one is brand new.
Eighth, it is clear that the party's goal of strengthening the army in the new era is to build a people's army that obeys the party's command, can win battles, and has a good work style, and build the people's army into a world-class army.
This one is original.
The ninth is to make it clear that major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics should serve national rejuvenation, promote human progress, promote the building of a new type of international relations, and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
This article adds the expression "serving national rejuvenation and promoting human progress".
Tenth is to clarify the strategic policy of comprehensively and strictly governing the party, put forward the general requirements for party building in the new era, comprehensively promote the party's political, ideological, organizational, work style, and discipline building, integrate system development, and further promote anti-corruption. struggle, implement the political responsibility of governing the party, and lead the great social revolution with the great self-revolution.
This article retains the expression "putting forward the general requirements for party building in the new era" and puts it at the end of the "Ten Clarifications", echoing the party's leadership from start to finish.
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China summarizes the core content of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era from two aspects. On the one hand, it talks about the "eight clarifications" from the ideological and conceptual level, and on the other hand, it talks about the "fourteen adherences" from the basic strategy level. . The "Resolution" enriched and developed the "eight clarifications" into "ten clarifications", reflecting that since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era has been further enriched and developed in practice. The "Ten Clarifications" are a re-summarization and refinement of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.
——From the perspective of practical change, deeply grasp the new achievements of practice in the new era. The "Resolution" systematically expounds the major strategies, major work promoted, and major measures launched by the Party since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China from 13 aspects, focusing on summarizing original ideas, transformative practices, breakthroughs Progress, landmark achievement.
These 13 aspects are: adherence to the overall leadership of the party, comprehensive and strict governance of the party, economic construction, comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up, political construction, comprehensive rule of law, cultural construction, social construction, ecological civilization construction, national defense and military construction, and safeguarding the country Security, adherence to "one country, two systems" and promoting the reunification of the motherland, and diplomatic work. If we compare the 13 aspects of the Resolution with the 14 aspects of the basic strategy for adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era stated in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we will find that the 13 aspects are mainly from the practical level. The "Fourteen Persistence" is from a strategic point of view, the former is the expansion and deepening of the latter in the field of practice, and it is also the expansion and deepening of the "Ten Clarifications" in the field of practice.
The elaboration of each of the 13 aspects in the "Resolution" generally follows the historical context, the background of the times, the practice process, the chronological order, the logical relationship, and the specific content. The content of the narrative is in various fields, under what historical conditions, what kind of problems, what kind of thinking, what kind of strategies and what kind of measures did General Secretary Xi Jinping and the CPC Central Committee take? , leading the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country to do what they did, how they did it, and what kind of results they finally achieved. It can be said that it is a comprehensive summary and comprehensive demonstration of the achievements and experience of the Party Central Committee in the new era with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core.
These historic achievements are comprehensive and groundbreaking. For example, China has built a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, won the battle against poverty in an all-round way, and solved the problem of absolute poverty that has plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years. It is worth more than 10,000 US dollars, ranking among the middle-income countries in the world; my country has achieved a large number of landmark achievements in basic and cutting-edge fields such as manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, supercomputing, quantum communication, large aircraft manufacturing, and aircraft carriers. Realize the leap from "following" to "running side by side" and "leading"; build the world's largest social security system, 1.02 billion people have basic pension insurance, 1.36 billion people have basic medical insurance, and people's living standards have improved significantly... …
These historic changes are deep and fundamental. For example, adhere to the comprehensive and strict governance of the party, focus on the construction of work style from the spirit of implementing the eight regulations of the Central Committee, and carry out the anti-corruption struggle with a zero-tolerance attitude. Overwhelming victory and comprehensive consolidation; adhere to the overall goal of improving and developing the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Remodeling and overall restructuring; insist on grasping the requirements of entering a new development stage, firmly establish a new development concept, and accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles mutually promoting each other, realizing the traditional development concept. , a fundamental change in the development model...
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the cause of the party and the country has made historic achievements and undergone historic changes. The most fundamental reason is that General Secretary Xi Jinping is the core of the Party Central Committee and the core of the whole party is at the helm, and that it has Chinese characteristics in the new era of Xi Jinping. Scientific guide to socialist ideology.
This is the conclusion drawn by history, the answer given by practice, and the judgment made by the people.
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