The Chinese court system has been developing a quite interesting hybrid approach to the management of interpretation and guidance for courts of first instance. They have been producing glosses on the law of China which are written in a way that are meant to produce authoritative guidance to lower courts in the application of law to the circumstances described in the guidance. Unlike traditional pure civil law approaches, the Supreme Judicial Court here produces extra textual guidance that interprets and offers guidance on application beyond the limits of a system of deductive reasoning confined to the text of the code. Unlike common law jurisdictions, the SPC's guidance is not grounded in a system of stare decisis, but is more administrative in character. More interesting still are aspects of "whole process democracy" embedded in this effort--the SPC guidance is subject to a broad popular consultaiton.
One gets a taste for this approach in the latest set of guidance from the SPC, this time on aspects of Chinese tort law. 关于《最高人民法院关于适用＜中华人民共和国民法典＞侵权责任编的解释（一）（征求意见稿）》[Regarding the "Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Tort Liability Section of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China (1) (Draft for Comment)"] follows below in the original Chinese and a crude translation.
- 来源：最高人民法院
- 发布时间：2023-03-29 09:00:00
关于《最高人民法院关于适用＜中华人民共和国民法典＞侵权责任编的解释（一）（征求意见稿）》
向社会公开征求意见的公告
为正确贯彻实施《中华人民共和国民法典》，统一法律适用，加强人权司法保障，本院制定了《最高人民法院关于适用＜中华人民共和国民法典＞侵权责任编的解释（一）》（征求意见稿）。为回应全国人大代表、全国政协委员所提意见建议，虚心听取民意，确保司法解释高质量制定，公开征求意见，欢迎社会各界人士踊跃提出宝贵意见。具体的修改意见反馈可采取书面寄送或者电子邮件的方式，并请在提出建议时说明具体理由。书面意见可寄往北京市东城区东交民巷27号，最高人民法院民事审判第一庭李雪薇，邮编100745；电子邮件请发送至邮箱mytlaw@163.com，本次征求意见截止日期为2023年4月20日。
特此公告！
中华人民共和国最高人民法院
二〇二三年三月二十九日
最高人民法院关于适用
《中华人民共和国民法典》侵权责任编的解释（一）
（征求意见稿）
为正确审理侵权责任纠纷案件，根据《中华人民共和国民法典》《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》等法律规定，结合审判实践，制定本解释。
第一条【监护权遭受侵害的财产损失和精神损害赔偿】非法使被监护人脱离监护，监护人请求赔偿其为恢复监护状态而支出的合理费用等财产损失的，人民法院应予支持。
监护人请求赔偿精神损害的，人民法院应当依照民法典第一千一百八十三条第一款、《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法>的解释》第一百九十二条第一款的规定予以认定。
第二条【近亲属的奔丧费用应否支持赔偿】被侵权人死亡，其近亲属请求赔偿办理丧葬事宜支出的交通费、住宿费和误工损失等其他费用的，人民法院应予支持。
第三条【能否以有无财产来认定无民事行为能力人、限制行为能力人担责与否】有财产的无民事行为能力人、限制行为能力人造成他人损害，被侵权人请求侵权行为人的监护人承担侵权责任的，人民法院应予支持。被侵权人依据民法典第一千一百八十八条第二款的规定，请求有财产的无民事行为能力人、限制行为能力人承担赔偿责任的，或者监护人抗辩主张其承担补充赔偿责任的，人民法院不予支持。
清偿债务时，承担赔偿责任的监护人主张先从被监护人财产中支付赔偿费用的，人民法院应予支持。
从被监护人的财产中支付赔偿费用的，应当保留被监护人正常生活和接受教育的开支。
第四条【限制民事行为能力人的非财产责任】被侵权人请求实施侵权行为的限制民事行为能力人在与其年龄、智力、精神健康状况相适应的范围内，与监护人共同承担停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险、消除影响、赔礼道歉等非财产责任的，人民法院可予支持。
第五条【行为时未成年、诉讼时成年的责任承担】行为人在侵权行为发生时不满十八周岁，被诉时已满十八周岁的，由原监护人承担侵权责任。清偿债务时，承担赔偿责任的监护人主张先从被监护人财产中支付赔偿费用的，人民法院应予支持。
前款规定情形，被侵权人仅起诉行为人的，人民法院应当向原告释明申请追加原监护人为共同被告。
注：另一种意见建议增加第三款规定，“行为人在侵权行为发生时已满十六周岁未满18周岁，但以自己的劳动收入为主要生活来源的，由行为人承担侵权责任。”
第六条【未成年子女侵权离异父母如何承担责任】未成年子女侵害他人权益，被侵权人请求该子女的离异父母承担连带责任的，人民法院应当依照民法典第一千一百六十八条、第一千一百八十八条的规定予以支持；未与该子女共同生活的父母一方主张不承担或者少承担侵权责任的，人民法院不予支持。
未成年子女离异父母的责任份额，可根据各自履行监护职责的情况确定。实际承担责任超过自己责任份额的父母一方，向另一方追偿的，人民法院应予支持。
第七条【诉请监护人、受托人担责如何列诉讼主体】无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人造成他人损害，被侵权人请求监护人承担侵权责任的，或者合并请求监护人和代为履行监护职责的受托人承担责任的，人民法院应当依照《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国民事诉讼法>的解释》第六十七条的规定，将无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人列为共同被告。
第八条【监护人和代为履行监护职责的受托人的责任形态】无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人造成他人损害，被侵权人可以请求监护人承担侵权人的全部责任，也可以请求代为履行监护职责的受托人在其未尽到管理、教育等监护职责的过错范围内承担相应的责任。
监护人和代为履行监护职责的受托人为共同被告的，代为履行监护职责的受托人在其过错范围内与监护人共同承担责任，但被侵权人获得的赔偿不应超出损害范围；监护人主张其与有过错的代为履行监护职责的受托人承担按份责任的，人民法院不予支持。
监护人承担责任后向代为履行监护职责的受托人追偿的，人民法院应当依照民法典第九百二十九条的规定处理。
无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人受人教唆、帮助实施侵权行为的，依照本解释第十条的规定认定监护人的民事责任。
第九条【教唆帮助人担责不以明知为前提】教唆、帮助无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人实施侵权行为，教唆人、帮助人以其不知道或者不应当知道行为人为无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人为由，主张不承担侵权责任或者其与行为人的监护人承担连带责任的，人民法院不予支持。
第十条【教唆人、帮助人与监护人的责任形态】教唆、帮助无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人实施侵权行为，被侵权人可以请求教唆人、帮助人承担侵权人的全部侵权责任，也可以请求未尽到管理、教育等监护职责的监护人在其能够防止或者制止损害的范围内承担与其过错相应的责任。
教唆人、帮助人和监护人为共同被告的，未尽到管理、教育等监护职责的监护人在其过错范围内与教唆人、帮助人共同承担责任，但被侵权人获得的赔偿不应超出损害范围；教唆人、帮助人主张其与有过错的监护人承担按份责任的，人民法院不予支持。
教唆人、帮助人或者监护人承担责任后，相互之间进行追偿的，人民法院不予支持。
第十一条【第三人侵权时教育机构补充责任顺位抗辩的程序体现、裁判主文、第三人不明时的责任承担】无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人在幼儿园、学校或者其他教育机构学习、生活期间，受到教育机构以外的第三人人身损害，第三人和教育机构作为共同被告的，未尽到管理职责的教育机构在人民法院对第三人的财产依法强制执行后仍不能履行的部分，承担与其过错相应的补充责任。
被侵权人仅起诉教育机构的，人民法院可以向原告释明申请追加实施侵权行为的第三人为共同被告。第三人不明确的，未尽到管理职责的教育机构承担与其过错相应的责任；教育机构承担责任后向已经确定的第三人追偿的，人民法院应予支持。
第十二条【用人单位责任的适用范围不限于劳动关系】与用人单位形成劳动关系的员工、执行用人单位工作任务的其他人员，因执行工作任务造成他人损害，被侵权人依照民法典第一千一百九十一条第一款规定，请求用人单位承担侵权责任的，人民法院应予支持。
个体工商户的员工因执行工作任务造成他人损害，适用民法典第一千一百九十一条第一款规定确定民事责任。
第十三条【劳务派遣单位和接受劳务派遣的用工单位的责任形态】劳务派遣期间，被派遣的工作人员因执行工作任务造成他人损害，被侵权人可以请求接受劳务派遣的用工单位承担侵权人的全部责任，也可以请求劳务派遣单位对不当选派工作人员等过错承担相应的责任。
接受劳务派遣的用工单位和劳务派遣单位为共同被告的，劳务派遣单位在其过错范围内与接受劳务派遣的用工单位共同承担责任，但被侵权人获得的赔偿不应超出损害范围；接受劳务派遣的用工单位主张其与劳务派遣单位承担按份责任的，人民法院不予支持。
接受劳务派遣的用工单位或者劳务派遣单位承担侵权责任后，相互之间进行追偿的，人民法院不予支持，但接受劳务派遣的用工单位与劳务派遣单位另有约定的除外。
第十四条【职务侵权构成犯罪的用人单位民事责任】工作人员以执行工作任务的名义实施的行为造成他人损害，构成自然人犯罪的，工作人员刑事责任的承担不影响用人单位民事责任的认定。用人单位依照民法典第一千一百九十一条的规定应当承担侵权责任的，刑事案件已完成的追赃、退赔可以在民事判决书中写明并扣减，也可以在执行程序中予以扣减。
第十五条【转让拼装报废车担责不以明知为要件】以买卖或者其他方式转让拼装或者已经达到报废标准的机动车，发生交通事故造成损害，转让人、受让人以其不知道或者不应当知道发生交通事故的机动车为拼装机动车或者已经达到报废标准为由，主张不承担侵权责任的，人民法院不予支持。
转让人、受让人承担责任后向其前手追偿的，依照民法典第一百七十八条第二款的规定处理。
第十六条【盗抢机动车侵权交强险是否先行赔付人身损害】盗窃、抢劫或者抢夺的机动车发生交通事故造成他人人身损害，受害人或者死亡受害人的近亲属请求承保机动车强制保险的保险人在强制保险责任限额范围内先予赔偿的，人民法院应予支持。
承保机动车强制保险的保险人承担赔偿责任后，向交通事故责任人追偿的，人民法院应予支持。
注：另一种意见为本条不作规定。
第十七条【投保义务人与侵权行为人不同的责任承担】未依法投保强制保险的机动车发生交通事故造成损害，投保义务人和交通事故责任人不是同一人的，被侵权人可以请求投保义务人在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内予以赔偿，也可以请求交通事故责任人承担侵权人的全部赔偿责任。
投保义务人和交通事故责任人为共同被告的，投保义务人在机动车强制保险责任限额范围内与交通事故责任人共同承担责任，但被侵权人获得的赔偿不应超出损害范围；交通事故责任人主张其与投保义务人承担按份责任的，人民法院不予支持。
投保义务人承担责任后向交通事故责任人追偿的，人民法院不予支持。
第十八条【禁止饲养的烈性犬等危险动物致人损害不适用免责事由】禁止饲养的烈性犬等危险动物造成他人损害，动物饲养人或者管理人主张不承担责任或者减轻责任的，人民法院不予支持。
第十九条【高空坠物无具体侵权人时物业服务企业的直接责任与法律适用】物业服务企业等建筑物管理人未采取必要的安全保障措施防止建筑物、构筑物或者其他设施及其搁置物、悬挂物发生脱落造成他人损害，没有具体侵权人的，人民法院应当依照民法典第一千一百九十八条第一款、第一千二百五十三条的规定认定物业服务企业等建筑物管理人应当承担的侵权责任。
第二十条【高空抛坠物具体侵权人能够确定时物业服务企业的补充责任、顺位抗辩、法律适用及裁判主文】物业服务企业等建筑物管理人未采取必要的安全保障措施防止行为人从建筑物中抛掷物品、坠落物品造成他人损害，具体侵权人能够确定且与物业服务企业等建筑物管理人作为共同被告的，人民法院应当依照民法典第一千一百九十八条第二款、第一千二百五十四条的规定，认定未采取必要安全保障措施的物业服务企业等建筑物管理人在人民法院对具体侵权人的财产依法强制执行后仍不能履行的部分，承担与其过错相应的补充责任。
第二十一条【高空抛坠物具体侵权人难以确定时物业服务企业与可能加害的建筑物使用人的责任顺位和追偿】物业服务企业等建筑物管理人未采取必要的安全保障措施防止行为人从建筑物中抛掷物品、坠落物品造成他人损害，经公安等机关调查，民事案件一审法庭辩论终结前仍无法确定具体侵权人的，未采取必要安全保障措施的物业服务企业等建筑物管理人承担与其过错相应的责任。被侵权人其余部分的损害，由可能加害的建筑物使用人给予适当补偿。
具体侵权人确定后，承担责任的物业服务企业等建筑物管理人、可能加害的建筑物使用人向具体侵权人追偿的，人民法院应予支持。
第二十二条 本解释自 年 月 日起施行。
责任编辑：罗一坤
Interpretation of the Tort Liability Section of the Civil Code for Public Comments
Source: Supreme People's Court
Release time: 2023-03-29 09:00:00
Regarding the "Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Tort Liability Section of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China (1) (Draft for Comment)"
Announcement to the public for comments
In order to correctly implement the "Civil Code of the People's Republic of China", unify the application of laws, and strengthen the judicial protection of human rights, this court has formulated the "Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the "Civil Code of the People's Republic of China" on Tort Liability (1)" (soliciting opinions draft). In order to respond to the opinions and suggestions put forward by deputies to the National People's Congress and members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, listen to public opinion with an open mind, ensure the high-quality formulation of judicial interpretations, and openly solicit opinions. People from all walks of life are welcome to actively provide valuable opinions. Specific revision feedback can be sent in writing or by email, and please explain the specific reasons when making suggestions. Written opinions can be sent to Li Xuewei, the First Civil Tribunal of the Supreme People's Court, No. 27, Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing, Zip Code 100745; please send email to mytlaw@163.com, and the deadline for soliciting opinions is April 20, 2023 day.
Special announcement!
The Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China
March 29, 2023
The Supreme People's Court on the application of Interpretation of the Tort Liability Section of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China (1) (Draft for comments)
In order to correctly hear cases of tort liability disputes, this Interpretation is formulated in accordance with the "Civil Code of the People's Republic of China", "Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China" and other legal provisions, combined with trial practice.
Article 1 [Compensation for Property Loss and Mental Damage Infringed on Guardianship] If the ward is illegally removed from guardianship, and the guardian requests compensation for the reasonable expenses and other property losses incurred to restore the guardianship status, the people's court shall support it.
If the guardian requests compensation for mental damage, the people's court shall follow the first paragraph of Article 1183 of the Civil Code and Article 192 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China. The provisions of the first paragraph shall be recognized.
Article 2 [Whether compensation should be supported for funeral expenses of close relatives] If the infringed person dies and his close relatives request compensation for the transportation expenses, accommodation expenses, loss of work and other expenses incurred in handling funeral matters, the people's court shall support it.
Article 3 [Whether a person with no capacity for civil conduct or a person with limited capacity for conduct can be determined to be liable based on whether he has property or not] A person without civil capacity or a person with limited capacity for conduct that has property causes damage to others, and the infringed party claims the tort If the guardian of a person bears tort liability, the people's court shall support it. Where the infringed party requests a property-owned person without capacity for civil conduct or a person with limited capacity for compensation in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 1188 of the Civil Code, or the guardian claims that he shall bear supplementary liability for compensation , the People's Court does not support it.
When repaying debts, if the guardian who bears the compensation responsibility claims to pay the compensation from the property of the ward first, the people's court shall support it.
If compensation is paid from the property of the ward, the normal life and education expenses of the ward shall be retained.
Article 4 [Non-property liability of a person with limited capacity for civil conduct] The person with limited capacity for civil conduct requested by the infringed person to carry out the tort shall, within the scope appropriate to his age, intelligence, and mental health, jointly undertake with the guardian to stop the infringement, eliminate the Non-property liabilities such as obstruction, elimination of danger, elimination of influence, and apology can be upheld by the people's court.
Article 5 [Responsibility for underage at the time of the act and adult at the time of the lawsuit] If the perpetrator was under the age of 18 when the tort occurred and was over 18 at the time of the lawsuit, the original guardian shall bear the tort liability. When repaying debts, if the guardian who bears the compensation responsibility claims to pay the compensation from the property of the ward first, the people's court shall support it.
In the circumstances specified in the preceding paragraph, where the infringed party only sues the perpetrator, the people's court shall explain to the plaintiff the application to add the original guardian as a co-defendant.
Note: Another opinion proposes to add the third paragraph to stipulate that "if the perpetrator is over 16 years old but under 18 years old when the tort occurs, but takes his own labor income as the main source of livelihood, the perpetrator shall bear the tort liability. "
Article 6 [How to bear responsibility for divorced parents of minor children who infringe on the rights of others] If the minor child infringes on the rights and interests of others, and the infringed party requests the divorced parents of the child to bear joint and several liability, the people's court shall follow Article 1168 of the Civil Code Article 1188 shall be supported; if the parent who does not live with the child claims not to bear or bear less tort liability, the people's court shall not support it.
The share of responsibilities of divorced parents of minor children may be determined according to their performance of guardianship duties. If one parent who actually bears more than his share of responsibility seeks compensation from the other parent, the people's court shall support it.
Article 7 [How to List Litigation Subjects of Liabilities of Guardians and Trustees] If a person with no capacity for civil conduct or a person with limited capacity for civil conduct causes damage to others, and the infringed party requests the guardian to bear the tort liability, or jointly requests the guardian and the guardian to act on his behalf If the trustee of the duties bears the responsibility, the people's court shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 67 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court Concerning the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, list persons without capacity for civil conduct and persons with limited capacity for civil conduct for the co-defendant.
Article 8 [Responsibility forms of guardians and trustees who perform guardianship duties on their behalf] If a person with no capacity for civil conduct or a person with limited capacity for civil conduct causes damage to others, the infringed person may request the guardian to bear all the responsibilities of the infringer, or request the guardian to perform on his behalf The trustee of guardianship duties shall bear the corresponding responsibilities within the scope of his fault for failing to perform guardianship duties such as management and education.
If the guardian and the trustee who performs guardianship duties are co-defendants, the trustee who performs guardianship duties on behalf of him shall bear the responsibility together with the guardian within the scope of his fault, but the compensation obtained by the infringed party shall not exceed the scope of damages; The people's court shall not support the trustee who performs the guardianship duties on his behalf to bear the share of responsibilities.
After the guardian assumes responsibility, if the guardian seeks compensation from the trustee who performs guardianship duties on his behalf, the people's court shall handle it in accordance with the provisions of Article 929 of the Civil Code.
Where a person with no capacity for civil conduct or a person with limited capacity for civil conduct is instigated or aided in committing torts, the guardian's civil liability shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Article 10 of this Interpretation.
Article 9 [Instigating and assisting persons not to assume responsibility based on knowledge] Instigating and assisting persons with no capacity for civil conduct or persons with limited capacity for civil conduct to commit torts, instigating or assisting persons who do not know or should not know the perpetrators are deemed without civil conduct. The people's court shall not support the claim that the person with limited capacity for civil conduct shall not bear tort liability or that he and the guardian of the perpetrator shall be jointly and severally liable.
Article 10 [Responsibility Forms of Instigators, Helpers and Guardians] To instigate and assist persons without or with limited capacity for civil conduct to commit torts, the infringed person may request the instigators and helpers to bear all the tort liabilities of the infringer , it is also possible to ask the guardian who fails to fulfill the guardianship duties such as management and education to bear the responsibility corresponding to his fault to the extent that he can prevent or stop the damage.
If the instigator, helper and guardian are co-defendants, the guardian who fails to perform management, education and other guardianship duties shall bear the responsibility together with the instigator and helper within the scope of his fault, but the compensation obtained by the infringed party shall not exceed the scope of damages ; If the instigator or helper claims that he and the guardian at fault shall share the responsibility, the people's court shall not support it.
After the instigator, helper or guardian assumes responsibility, the people's court shall not support the recourse between each other.
Article 11 [Procedural manifestations of educational institutions’ supplementary liability sequence defense when a third party infringes, the main text of the judgment, and liability when the third party is unknown] A person without civil capacity or a person with limited civil capacity is in a kindergarten, school or other If an educational institution suffers personal injury from a third party other than the educational institution during its study and life, and the third party and the educational institution are co-defendants, the educational institution that has failed to perform its management duties shall, after the people's court enforces against the third party's property according to law, For the part that still cannot be performed, it shall bear the supplementary liability corresponding to its fault.
If the infringed party only sues the educational institution, the people's court may explain to the plaintiff that the third party who applied for the additional infringing act is the co-defendant. If the third party is unclear, the educational institution that failed to perform its management duties shall bear the responsibility corresponding to its fault; if the educational institution assumes responsibility and seeks compensation from the identified third party, the people's court shall support it.
Article 12 [The scope of application of the employer's liability is not limited to the labor relationship] Employees who have formed a labor relationship with the employer or other personnel who perform the work tasks of the employer, and cause damage to others due to the performance of work tasks, the infringed person shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 1 of the Civil Code. Paragraph 1 of Article 1191 stipulates that the people's court shall support the request for the employer to bear the tort liability.
For employees of individual industrial and commercial households who cause damage to others due to the performance of work tasks, the provisions of Article 1191, Paragraph 1 of the Civil Code shall apply to determine civil liability.
Article 13 [Responsibility Forms of Labor Dispatching Units and Employers Accepting Labor Dispatching] During the labor dispatch period, if the dispatched staff members cause damage to others due to the performance of work tasks, the infringed person may request the labor dispatching employer to bear the infringer It is also possible to request the labor dispatch unit to bear the corresponding responsibility for faults such as improperly selecting and dispatching staff.
If the labor dispatching unit and the labor dispatching unit are co-defendants, the labor dispatching unit shall bear the liability together with the labor dispatching unit to the extent of its fault, but the compensation obtained by the infringed party shall not exceed the scope of the damage; If the employing unit claims that it and the labor dispatching unit shall bear shared responsibilities, the people's court shall not support it.
The people's courts shall not support the claim for compensation between the labor dispatching unit or the labor dispatching unit after assuming tort liability, unless otherwise agreed between the labor dispatching unit and the labor dispatching unit.
Article 14 [Employer's Civil Liability for Duty Infringement Constituting a Crime] Where an employee's conduct in the name of performing work tasks causes damage to others and constitutes a crime committed by a natural person, the assumption of the employee's criminal liability does not affect the determination of the employer's civil liability. Where the employer shall bear tort liability in accordance with the provisions of Article 1191 of the Civil Code, the completed recovery of stolen goods and compensation for criminal cases may be written down in the civil judgment and deducted, or may be deducted during the enforcement procedure .
Article 15 [Liability for the transfer of assembled and scrapped vehicles does not require knowledge as a requirement] If a motor vehicle that has been assembled or has reached the scrapping standard is transferred by buying, selling or other means, if a traffic accident occurs and damage is caused, the transferor or the transferee may not know or The people's court shall not support the claim that the motor vehicle involved in the traffic accident should not bear the tort liability on the grounds that the motor vehicle involved in the traffic accident is an assembled motor vehicle or has reached the scrapping standard.
If the assignor or assignee seeks compensation from its predecessor after assuming responsibility, it shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 178 of the Civil Code.
Article 16 [Whether personal injury should be paid first in the case of motor vehicle theft, infringement, and compulsory traffic insurance] A traffic accident involving a stolen, robbed or snatched motor vehicle causes personal injury to others, and the victim or the close relative of the deceased victim requests insurance coverage for compulsory motor vehicle insurance If the individual pays compensation within the scope of the compulsory insurance liability limit, the people's court shall support it.
After the insurer underwriting the compulsory motor vehicle insurance assumes the liability for compensation, if the insurer seeks compensation from the person responsible for the traffic accident, the people's court shall support it.
Note: Another opinion is that this article does not make provisions.
Article 17 [Different Liabilities Between the Obligor of Insurance and the Infringer] If a motor vehicle that has not taken out compulsory insurance according to law has a traffic accident and causes damage, if the obligor of insurance and the person responsible for the traffic accident are not the same person, the infringed person may request insurance The obligor shall pay compensation within the liability limit of the compulsory motor vehicle insurance, and may also request the person responsible for the traffic accident to bear all the compensation liabilities of the infringer.
If the insurance applicant and the person responsible for the traffic accident are co-defendants, the insurance applicant and the person responsible for the traffic accident shall bear joint liability within the scope of the liability limit of the compulsory motor vehicle insurance, but the compensation obtained by the infringed party shall not exceed the scope of damage; The people's court shall not support the claim that it and the insurance obligor shall bear shared responsibilities.
The people's court shall not support the claim for compensation from the person responsible for the traffic accident after the insurance policyholder assumes responsibility.
Article 18 [Disclaimer of Liability Exemption Inapplicable to Human Damage Caused by Prohibited Vigorous Dogs and Other Dangerous Animals] Where the prohibited vicious dogs and other dangerous animals cause damage to others, and the animal breeder or manager claims that he or she should not assume responsibility or reduce the liability, the People's Court Not supported.
Article 19 [When there is no specific infringer for a falling object from a height, the direct liability of the property service company and the application of law] The building managers such as the property service company fail to take necessary safety measures to prevent buildings, structures or other facilities and their shelving objects from , if the suspended object falls off and causes damage to others, and there is no specific infringer, the people's court shall determine the property service enterprise, etc. The tort liability that the building manager should bear.
Article 20 [When the specific infringer of the falling object can be determined, the property service company's supplementary liability, sequential defense, legal application and main article of the judgment] The property service company and other building managers failed to take necessary safety measures to prevent the perpetrator from Where objects are thrown or fallen from a building and cause damage to others, and the specific tortfeasor can be identified and is co-defendant with the building manager such as the property service company, the people's court shall, in accordance with Article 1198 of the Civil Code, Clause 1,254, if it is determined that property service companies and other building managers who have not taken necessary security measures are still unable to perform after the people's court enforces against the specific infringer's property according to law, they shall bear Supplementary liability corresponding to its fault.
Article 21 [When it is difficult to determine the specific infringer of falling objects from heights, the order of responsibility and recovery between the property service company and the building user who may injure it] The property service company and other building managers failed to take necessary safety measures to prevent If the perpetrator throws or falls objects from the building and causes damage to others, and after investigation by the public security and other agencies, if the specific infringer cannot be identified before the end of the court debate of the first instance of the civil case, the property service company and other building management who have not taken necessary safety protection measures A person bears the responsibility corresponding to his fault. The damage to the rest of the infringed party shall be properly compensated by the user of the building who may have caused the damage.
After the specific infringer is determined, the people's court should support the claim of compensation from the specific infringer by the responsible property service company and other building managers, or the building users who may cause damage.
Article 22 This Interpretation shall come into force on the date of the year, month, and day.
Editor in charge: Luo Yikun
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