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The 4th plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee has come and gone, producing a 15th Five Year Plan for Economic and Social Development. The focus, as always, remains socialist modernization as it evolved through stages of Chinese historical development.
The most important outcome of the Communist Party of China’s fourth plenum, held last month in Beijing, was the review and adoption of the “Recommendations of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development”. * * * The recommendations define major economic and social development objectives under the 15th five-year plan, encompassing seven areas: significant achievements in high-quality development; improvements in scientific and technological self-reliance; further deepening comprehensive reform; cultural and ethical progress across society; improvements in quality of life; new strides in environmental protection; and strengthening national security. (Cui Jianchun, "Opinion | 15th five-year plan charts a course for China’s modernisation" SCMP 17 November 2025)
The text of the English language version of the Full text: Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development may be accessed HERE.
The central elements of the 15th Five Year Plan and its intimate connection with advanced Socialist Modernization in the New Era and its objective to overcome the general contradiction of the times, was elaborated in a detailed commentary under the authorship of Xi Jinping (Full text: Explanation of the Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development). These are especially useful in summarizing the approach to the seven key areas specified in the 15th Five Year Plan.
First, the important position of the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Socialist modernization can only be realized through a historical process of gradual and ongoing development. It requires the unremitting hard work of one generation after another. * * *
Second, economic and social development objectives for the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Setting development objectives in a well-conceived way is crucial to the formulation and implementation of five-year plans. In the draft document, we have defined the main objectives for economic and social development according to the basic positioning of the 15th Five-Year Plan period and the specific requirements for this stage. An important benchmark for basically achieving socialist modernization by 2035 is that China’s per capita GDP will
be on a par with that of a mid-level developed country by that time. * * *
Third, promoting high-quality development. Following the approach of the 14th Five-Year Plan, this draft document also defines the promotion of high-quality development as the main focus in economic and social development in the 15th Five-Year Plan period. It sets the requirements of continuing to pursue economic development as our central task, fully and faithfully applying the new development philosophy on all fronts, promoting higher-quality economic growth while achieving an appropriate increase in economic output, and driving sustained, sound economic development and all-around social progress. * * *
Fourth, strengthening the domestic economy and promoting unimpeded domestic and international economic flows. As the international landscape becomes increasingly challenging and complex, we must move faster to create a new development pattern and keep a firm hold on the initiative in development. At present and for some time to come, we must work to strengthen the domestic economy and boost domestic economic flows, so as to leverage the stability of the domestic economy as a hedge against uncertainties in the international economy. * * *
Fifth, making solid progress toward realizing common prosperity for all. Chinese modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all. Since the Party’s 18th National Congress, we have remained true to our original aspiration and approached problems from the perspective of the people’s interests. This has seen us advancing coordinated regional development, adopting strong measures to ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing, securing victory in the fight against poverty, and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. * * *
Sixth, ensuring both development and security. Security is a prerequisite for development while development provides a guarantee for security. Over the next five years, China will see a notable rise in uncertainties and unforeseen factors, which will make the task of ensuring both development and security much harder. With a view to modernizing China’s national security system and capacity, the document recommends steps for improving the national security system, building up national security capacity in key sectors, enhancing public safety governance, and improving the social governance system. * * *
Seventh, upholding the overall leadership of the Party. We must uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, as it is the fundamental guarantee for advancing Chinese modernization. With a view to improving the Party’s ability to lead China’s economic and social development endeavors, the document emphasizes the need to uphold and strengthen the Party Central Committee’s centralized, unified leadership, refine the mechanisms through which the Party Central Committee’s major decisions and plans are carried out. (Explanation of the Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan).
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The explanation is well worth reading. Yin's has a quite specific focus: "promoting the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation" [“推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合”]. In that respect there is an alignment between the 4th Plenum's focus in this respect and President Trump's Genesis Mission (The American Leninist-Brain Trust Republic: Text of President Trump's Executive Order, "Launching the Genesis Mission," and the Press Release "President Trump Launches the Genesis Mission to Accelerate AI for Scientific Discovery").
科技创新主要包括基础研究、应用研究、技术开发和成果转化等活动，取得新的科学发现，提出新的科学原理，发明新的技术方法工艺，得到新的验证示范。产业创新通过技术应用、管理改革、模式创新，开发新产品，开拓新市场，创造新需求，推动产业变革和经济发展。[Technological innovation mainly includes basic research, applied research, technology development, and achievement transformation activities, resulting in new scientific discoveries, proposing new scientific principles, inventing new technologies, methods, and processes, and obtaining new verification and demonstrations. Industrial innovation, through technological application, management reform, and model innovation, develops new products, explores new markets, creates new demands, and drives industrial transformation and economic development. ] (推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合)
Pix credit here (Concentrate the major force in developing heavy industry)
Both are essential for promoting high quality development at the heart of the 3rd Plenum's refocusing of socialist modernization. "”新质生产力具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径的先进生产力质态。" ["New-type productivity is characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality. It is an advanced form of productivity in which innovation plays a leading role and breaks away from the traditional economic growth mode and productivity development path."] (Ibid.). Like the Americans, Yon notes:
Artificial intelligence, as a strategic technology leading a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, is rapidly and widely permeating all sectors and aspects of the economy and society, comprehensively empowering all industries, driving the iterative upgrading of technological systems, and reshaping scientific research paradigms, industrial forms, and economic patterns. [人工智能作为引领新一轮科技革命和产业变革的战略性技术，正在迅速广泛渗透经济社会各领域各方面，全面赋能千行百业，牵引技术体系迭代升级，重塑科研范式、产业形态和经济格局] (Ibid.)
To these ends, connectivity is the key: " 强调要搭建平台、健全体制机制，让创新链和产业链无缝对接。[It was emphasized that platforms should be built and systems and mechanisms improved to ensure seamless integration between the innovation chain and the industrial chain.] (Ibid.). Also critical is the deep integration of governmental leadership within systems of innovation of productive forces. "Adhere to the combination of an effective market and a proactive government. Innovation requires both market mechanisms and proactive government planning and policy guidance. The combined efforts of both are essential to effectively stimulate innovation and creativity across society." [坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合。创新既需要市场机制推动，也需要政府超前谋划和政策引导，二者共同发力，有效激发全社会创新创造活力。] (Ibid.).
Underlying all of this is innovative autonomy and self-sufficiency. This represents a key element in the rupture between the Era of Reform and Opening Up and the New Era of historical development. The object is to both to avoid tech dependency and to promote dependency on Chinese tech by others--the American model. Yin noted five areas of priority in that respect:
(I) Strengthen Original Innovation and Key Core Technology Breakthroughs to Enhance Technological Support and Leadership. We must adhere to the principles of facing the forefront of global science and technology, the main battlefield of the economy, major national needs, and the health of the people, highlighting national strategic needs, and deploying and implementing a number of major national science and technology tasks. We must adopt extraordinary measures to achieve decisive breakthroughs in key core technologies in key areas such as integrated circuits, industrial machine tools, high-end instruments, basic software, advanced materials, and biomanufacturing across the entire value chain. [（一）加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关，提升科技支撑引领能力。坚持面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求、面向人民生命健康，突出国家战略需求，部署实施一批国家重大科技任务。采取超常规举措，全链条推动集成电路、工业母机、高端仪器、基础软件、先进材料、生物制造等重点领域关键核心技术攻关取得决定性突破。] * * *
(II) Promote the aggregation of innovation resources to enterprises and strengthen the leading role of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation. Strengthen the integration of industry, academia, and research led by enterprises, support enterprises in leading the formation of innovation consortia, undertake more national key scientific and technological tasks, and promote integrated innovation across the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. [（二）推动创新资源向企业集聚，强化企业科技创新主体地位。加强企业主导的产学研融合，支持企业牵头组建创新联合体，更多承担国家科技攻关任务，促进产业链上下游融通创新。] * * *
(III) Improve the transformation mechanism and accelerate the efficient transformation and application of major scientific and technological achievements. We will allow scientific and technological personnel greater autonomy in the distribution of benefits from the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, establish a separate management system for job-related scientific and technological achievements assets, and deepen the reform of empowering job-related scientific and technological achievements. [（三）完善转化机制，加快重大科技成果高效转化应用。允许科技人员在科技成果转化收益分配上有更大自主权，建立职务科技成果资产单列管理制度，深化职务科技成果赋权改革。] * * *
(IV) Strengthen policy guarantees and create a favorable ecosystem for deep integration. Strengthen intellectual property protection, enhance the rule of law, ethics, integrity, and security in science and technology, and improve policies on market access, regulation, and fair competition.. . Deepen international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, establish a high-tech talent immigration system, and attract and cultivate outstanding global talent. [四）强化政策保障，营造深度融合的良好生态。加强知识产权保护，强化科技法治、科技伦理、科研诚信、科技安全建设，完善市场准入、监管、公平竞争等政策。. . 深化国际科技交流合作，建立高技术人才移民制度，引育世界优秀人才。] * * *
(V) Improve the regional innovation system and explore new models of deep integration tailored to local conditions. Strengthen central-local coordination in strategic planning, policies, major tasks, research capabilities, and resource platforms for science and technology innovation. [（五）健全区域创新体系，因地制宜探索深度融合新模式。加强科技创新战略规划、政策措施、重大任务、科研力量、资源平台等央地协同。]
Again, the suggestion of greater alignment between the U.S. and Chinese approaches, and the greater distance between both and European approaches becomes clearer.
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The text of (1) Communique of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ; (2) Xi Jinping (Full
text: Explanation of the Recommendations of the Central Committee of
the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for
National Economic and Social Development) (Official translation); (3) 推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合（学习贯彻党的二十届四中全会精神）[Promoting
the Deep Integration of Technological Innovation and Industrial
Innovation (Studying and Implementing the Spirit of the Fourth Plenary
Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee)] (Chinese with English translation) follow below.
The 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China concluded its fourth plenary session on Thursday in Beijing with a communique issued.
The following is the full text of the communique:
Communique of the Fourth Plenary Session of
the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
Adopted at the fourth plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of
the Communist Party of China on October 23, 2025
The 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) convened its fourth plenary session in Beijing from October 20 to 23, 2025.
A total of 168 members and 147 alternate members of the Central Committee attended the session. Members of the Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and leading officials from other relevant departments were present at the meeting in a non-voting capacity. Some of our primary-level colleagues and a number of experts and scholars who served as delegates to the 20th National Party Congress also attended the meeting in a non-voting capacity.
The Political Bureau of the Central Committee presided over the meeting. Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Central Committee, delivered important addresses.
Participants at the session listened to and discussed a report on the work of the Political Bureau, presented on its behalf by Xi Jinping. They also deliberated over and adopted the Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development. Xi Jinping made explanatory remarks on the draft recommendations.
At the session, the Central Committee fully affirmed the work of the Political Bureau since the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee. It was unanimously agreed that the Political Bureau has secured notable progress in the following respects: earnestly implementing the guiding principles from the Party's 20th National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee; adhering to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability; fully and faithfully applying the new development philosophy on all fronts; implementing the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy in a coordinated way; balancing domestic and international imperatives; ensuring both development and security; further deepening reform comprehensively; delivering tangible results in high-quality development; advancing socialist democracy and rule of law; improving public communication and cultural work; ensuring the people's wellbeing and protecting the environment; safeguarding national security and social stability; launching a study campaign for fully implementing the central Party leadership's eight-point decision on improving work conduct and further strengthening full and rigorous Party self-governance; modernizing national defense and the armed forces; carrying out work related to Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan; pursuing major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics; and promoting sustained economic recovery and growth. As a result of these efforts, China is now on the verge of accomplishing the major objectives and tasks of the 14th Five-Year Plan. It was also noted that we had recently commemorated the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. This occasion has greatly lifted the national spirit, inspired a strong sense of patriotism among our people, and further pooled strength for our country's collective endeavors.
Participants at the session gave a positive assessment of China's major development achievements during the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025), which has marked a momentous and extraordinary period in our country's development. In the face of a complicated international landscape and the challenging domestic tasks of advancing reform, promoting development, and ensuring stability, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has united the entire Party and Chinese people of all ethnic groups and led them in meeting difficulties head-on and forging ahead with determination. This has allowed us to withstand the severe shocks from a once-in-a-century Covid-19 pandemic, respond effectively to many major risks and challenges, and secure significant new achievements in the cause of the Party and the country. With China reaching new heights in terms of economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, and composite national strength, we have made solid new strides in advancing Chinese modernization and gotten off to a successful start on our new journey toward the Second Centenary Goal.
It was pointed out that socialist modernization can only be realized through a historical process of gradual and ongoing development. It requires the unremitting hard work of one generation after another. The period covered by the 15th Five-Year Plan will be critical in this process as we work to reinforce the foundations and push ahead on all fronts toward basically achieving socialist modernization by 2035. It will thus serve as a key link between the past and the future. In this period, China's development environment will face profound and intricate changes.
At present, China remains in a phase of development where strategic opportunities exist alongside risks and challenges, while uncertainties and unforeseen factors are rising. Our economy is on solid foundations, demonstrating advantages in many areas, strong resilience, and great potential. The conditions and underlying trends supporting long-term growth remain unchanged. More and more, we are seeing the strengths of socialism with Chinese characteristics, China's enormous market, its complete industrial system, and its abundant human resources all coming to the fore.
All of us in the Party must acquire a deep understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and of establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; become more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and uphold Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and uphold the Central Committee's authority and its centralized, unified leadership.
We must maintain strategic resolve and enhance our confidence of success. We must proactively identify, respond to, and steer changes, demonstrate the courage and competence to carry forward our struggle, and dare to brave high winds, choppy waters, and even dangerous storms. We must seize the historical initiative to overcome difficulties, combat risks, and confront challenges, focus on managing our own affairs, and write yet another chapter on the miracles of rapid economic growth and long-term social stability, opening up new horizons for Chinese modernization.
It was stressed that in pursuing economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, we must stay committed to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development, and fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must thoroughly apply the guiding principles from the Party's 20th National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee.
To move toward the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects and advance the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through Chinese modernization, we must implement the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy in a coordinated way. Keeping in mind both domestic and international imperatives, we must fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts, move faster to create a new pattern of development, and adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability.
We must continue to pursue economic development as our central task, with high-quality development as our main focus, reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, meeting the people's ever-growing needs for a better life as our fundamental goal, and full and rigorous Party self-governance as the fundamental underpinning for all our efforts. We must promote higher-quality economic growth while achieving an appropriate increase in economic output and make solid headway in promoting well-rounded personal development and common prosperity for all. All of this will allow us to secure decisive progress toward basically achieving socialist modernization.
At the session, the Central Committee established the following guiding principles for economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period: upholding the Party's overall leadership; putting the people first; pursuing high-quality development; comprehensively deepening reform; promoting interplay between an efficient market and a well-functioning government; and ensuring both development and security.
The Central Committee also set the following major objectives for the 15th Five-Year Plan period: significant achievements in high-quality development; substantial improvements in scientific and technological self-reliance and strength; fresh breakthroughs in further deepening reform comprehensively; notable cultural and ethical progress across society; further improvements in quality of life; major new strides in advancing the Beautiful China Initiative; and further advances in strengthening the national security shield. Building on this, we will work hard for a further five years to see that by the year 2035 China's economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, national defense capabilities, composite national strength, and international influence will all be markedly stronger, that its per capita GDP will be on a par with that of a mid-level developed country, that its people will live better and happier lives, and that socialist modernization will be basically realized.
It was noted that we should build a modernized industrial system and reinforce the foundations of the real economy. To this end, we should keep our focus on the real economy, continue to pursue smart, green, and integrated development, and work faster to boost China's strength in manufacturing, product quality, aerospace, transportation, and cyberspace. The share of manufacturing in the national economy should be kept at an appropriate level, and a modernized industrial system should be developed with advanced manufacturing as the backbone. We should upgrade traditional industries, foster emerging industries and industries of the future, promote high-quality, efficient development in the service sector, and develop a modernized infrastructure system.
It was stated that we should achieve greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology and steer the development of new quality productive forces. We must seize the historic opportunity presented by the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation to boost China's strength in education, science and technology, and human resources in a well-coordinated manner. We should enhance the overall performance of China's innovation system, raise our innovation capacity across the board, strive to take a leading position in scientific and technological development, and keep fostering new quality productive forces. We should promote advances in original innovation and breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, facilitate full integration between technological and industrial innovation, pursue integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, and advance the Digital China Initiative.
It was noted that we should build a robust domestic market and work faster to foster a new pattern of development. Guided by the strategy of expanding domestic demand, we should work toward improving living standards while increasing consumer spending and coordinate investments in physical assets and human capital. We should see that new demand drives new supply, that new supply helps create fresh demand, and that positive interactions are fostered between consumption and investment and between supply and demand. All this will help enhance the dynamism and reliability of the domestic economy. To this end, we should boost consumption, expand effective investment, and eliminate bottlenecks and obstacles hindering the development of a unified national market.
It was stated that we should move faster to develop a high-standard socialist market economy and boost the momentum for high-quality development. We should uphold and improve China's basic socialist economic systems, better leverage the leading role of economic structural reform, and improve the macroeconomic governance system. This will help ensure steady and sustained progress in high-quality development. We should stimulate the vitality of all market entities, work faster to improve the institutions and mechanisms for market-based allocation of production factors, and make macroeconomic governance more effective.
It was also stated that we should promote high-standard opening up and create new horizons for mutually beneficial cooperation. We should continue to expand opening up at the institutional level, safeguard the multilateral trading system, and promote broader international economic flows. We should advance reform and development through greater openness and seek to share opportunities and achieve common development with the rest of the world. We should take the initiative to open China wider, promote the innovative development of trade, create greater space for two-way investment cooperation, and pursue high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.
It was noted that we should accelerate agricultural and rural modernization and take solid steps to advance all-around rural revitalization. We must continue to place issues related to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents at the top of our Party's work agenda. We need to promote integrated urban-rural development, continue to consolidate and expand our achievements in poverty alleviation, basically ensure modern living conditions in rural areas, and secure faster progress in building up China's strength in agriculture. We should enhance the overall production capacity, quality, and performance of agriculture, build a beautiful and harmonious countryside for people to live and work in, and ensure that policies aimed at strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers, and achieving rural prosperity deliver greater outcomes.
It was stated that we should refine China's regional economic layout and promote coordinated regional development. We should give full play to the synergies between the coordinated regional development strategy, major regional strategies, the functional zoning strategy, and the new urbanization strategy, improve the distribution of major productive forces, and ensure that key regions play their role as growth poles. Our goal is to develop a regional economic layout and a territorial space system that enable regions to leverage their complementary strengths in pursuit of high-quality development. We should promote more coordinated regional development, boost interconnected development between regions, improve the development of territorial space, move forward with people-centered new urbanization, and strengthen marine development, utilization, and protection.
It was noted that we should inspire the cultural creativity of our entire nation and foster a thriving socialist culture. We must uphold the guiding role of Marxism in the ideological domain, remain firmly rooted in the broad and rich Chinese culture, and follow the trends of information technology. On this basis, we should develop a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the new era that has the power to guide, unite, and inspire our people and enjoys strong international influence. Tangible steps should be taken to build China into a country with a strong culture. We should promote and put into practice the core socialist values, make effective moves to boost cultural programs, accelerate the development of cultural industries, and extend the reach and appeal of Chinese civilization.
It was stated that we should work harder to ensure and improve public wellbeing and promote common prosperity for all. In line with the principle of doing everything within our means, we must ensure that public services are inclusive, meet essential needs, and provide a cushion for those most in need, while working to resolve the pressing difficulties and problems that concern the people most. The channels of social mobility should remain unimpeded, and living standards should be further improved. We should promote high-quality and full employment, refine the income distribution system, develop education that meets the people's expectations, improve the social security system, and facilitate high-quality development of the real estate sector. We should also work to advance the Healthy China Initiative, promote high-quality population development, and take solid steps to ensure equitable access to basic public services.
It was pointed out that we should accelerate the green transition in all areas of economic and social development in an effort to build a Beautiful China. We must unwaveringly uphold the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and put it into concrete action. Guided by our goals of achieving peak carbon and carbon neutrality, we should make concerted efforts to cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, pursue green development, and boost economic growth. We must reinforce our ecological security shields and strengthen our green development drivers. We should press ahead with the critical battle against pollution and the drive to upgrade ecosystems, move faster to develop a new energy system, work actively and prudently toward peak carbon emissions, and accelerate the shift to eco-friendly production practices and lifestyles.
It was noted that we should modernize China's national security system and capacity and advance the Peaceful China Initiative to a higher level. We must remain steadfast in pursuing a holistic approach to national security and follow a socialist path of social governance with Chinese characteristics to ensure that our society is both full of vitality and in good order. We should establish a sound national security system, build up national security capacity in key sectors, enhance public safety governance, and improve the social governance system.
It was also noted that we should work to achieve the centenary goals of the People's Liberation Army on schedule and modernize national defense and the armed forces. We should act on Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Military and carry out the military strategy for the new era. We must ensure that the Party exercises absolute leadership over the people's armed forces, and the system of ultimate responsibility resting with the chairman of the Central Military Commission must be implemented. We are pursuing the new, three-step strategy for modernizing national defense and the armed forces. On this basis, we should continue to enhance political loyalty in the military, strengthen the military through reform, scientific and technological advances, and personnel training, and run the military in accordance with the law. We should simultaneously carry out operations, boost combat preparedness, and enhance military capabilities, and accelerate integrated military development through mechanization, informatization, and the application of smart technologies. All this will enhance our military's strategic capacity to defend our national sovereignty, security, and development interests. We should speed up the development of advanced combat capabilities, modernize military governance, and consolidate and improve integrated national strategies and strategic capabilities.
It was stressed that the whole Party and all Chinese people should be united in a concerted endeavor to fulfill the 15th Five-Year Plan. We must use the Party's self-reform to steer social reform and stay committed to strengthening full and rigorous Party self-governance. We should see to it that our Party becomes better at providing political leadership and theoretical guidance, organizing the people, and inspiring society, while also improving its ability to lead China's economic and social development endeavors. All this will enable us to gather a mighty force for advancing Chinese modernization. We must uphold and strengthen the Party Central Committee's centralized, unified leadership, advance socialist democracy and rule of law, and fully mobilize the initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity of the whole society to advance Chinese modernization. We should work for long-term prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao, promote the peaceful development of relations across the Taiwan Strait and advance the cause of national reunification, and secure further progress in building a community with a shared future for humanity.
It was pointed out that studying and implementing the guiding principles from this plenary session represent a major political task for the entire Party and nation both at present and in the period to come. We must employ a variety of means to organize study activities, instruction lectures, and communication initiatives, so as to make sure that the whole Party and society acquire a thorough understanding of the session's guiding principles. In effectively implementing these principles, we must stay firmly committed to high-quality development, step up efforts to foster a new development pattern, make solid strides toward delivering common prosperity for all, better ensure both development and security, and coordinate our economic development endeavors with work in all other spheres. This will ensure that we lay a solid foundation for basically realizing socialist modernization.
It was stressed that to run the country well, we must first run the Party well; only a Party that is thriving can make our country strong. The more effective our Party is in supervising and governing itself, the better it will be able to provide guarantees for our economic and social development. We must have the resolve and tenacity to persist in the always ongoing endeavor of Party self-governance. In exercising full and rigorous self-governance, we must firmly act on the Party's requirements for self-reform, devote sustained and consistent efforts to improving conduct, and combat corruption resolutely, thereby providing a strong guarantee for fulfilling the major objectives for economic and social development in the 15th Five-Year Plan period.
Participants at the session carried out an analysis of the present situation and the tasks we face. It was highlighted that we must remain firmly focused on accomplishing this year's targets for economic and social development. To this end, we must continue to implement the decisions and plans of the Central Committee through targeted efforts. We must work to stabilize employment, enterprise operations, markets, and expectations and keep the fundamentals of the economy stable, so as to consolidate and strengthen the momentum for economic recovery and growth. We should ensure that our macro policies continue to play an effective role and intensify their implementation as necessary. We should fully implement assistance policies for enterprises, press ahead with special initiatives to boost consumption, guarantee the three priorities including people's basic wellbeing, payment of salaries, and normal government functioning at the primary level, and defuse local government debt risks through active and prudent measures.
It was noted that we should take concrete steps to safeguard the people's wellbeing and unlock potential through multiple channels. We should devote greater efforts to stabilizing and expanding employment, while promoting stable employment for key groups. We should ramp up efforts to address wage arrears, improve basic public services, and work harder to resolve the pressing difficulties and problems that concern the people most. We must do a good job in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. Appropriate arrangements should be made for disaster victims to ensure that their basic living needs are met and that they have warm shelter for the winter.
It was emphasized that we must ensure workplace safety and safeguard stability. We must make sure that all responsibilities concerning workplace safety are fulfilled and that oversight systems are rigorously implemented, and we must work with firm resolve to prevent and mitigate major and serious accidents. We should strengthen whole-of-chain supervision and administration of food and drug safety. We should intensify efforts to investigate and resolve disputes and conflicts, take a holistic approach to ensuring law and order, and crack down on illegal and criminal activities of all types in accordance with the law. Furthermore, we should improve public opinion guidance and effectively prevent and defuse risks in the ideological domain.
At the session, Zhang Shengmin was added to the Central Military Commission as Vice Chairman.
It was decided that, in accordance with the Party Constitution, empty seats on the Central Committee will be filled by alternate members Yu Huiwen, Ma Hancheng, Wang Jian, Wang Xi, Wang Yonghong, Wang Tingkai, Wang Xinwei, Wei Tao, Deng Yiwu, Deng Xiuming, and Lu Hong.
At the session, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection's report on the grave violations of Party discipline and state laws involving Tang Renjian, Jin Xiangjun, Li Shisong, Yang Fasen, and Zhu Zhisong was deliberated and adopted. The Central Military Commission's inspection report on the grave violations of Party discipline and state laws involving He Weidong, Miao Hua, He Hongjun, Wang Xiubin, Lin Xiangyang, Qin Shutong, Yuan Huazhi, Wang Chunning, and Zhang Fengzhong was also deliberated and adopted. The Political Bureau's previous decision to expel these people from the Party was confirmed.
At the session, a call was issued to the whole Party, the entire military, and Chinese people of all ethnic groups to rally more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, work hard together toward the goal of basically realizing socialist modernization, and continue to break new ground in building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization.
* * *
Explanation of the Recommendations of the Central Committee of
the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development
Xi Jinping
Comrades,
On behalf of the Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee, I will
now brief you on the drafting of the Recommendations of the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-
Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.
I. The Drafting Process
Formulating medium- and long-term plans to guide economic and social
development is an important means by which our Party governs the country.
As we will accomplish the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) this year, it is
necessary to work out the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030). Fulfilling this task
is of vital importance for facilitating the sustained and sound development of
our economy and society and putting China on firmer foundations for
basically achieving socialist modernization as planned.
In January this year, the Political Bureau decided that the 20th Central
Committee would discuss recommendations for the 15th Five-Year Plan at its
fourth plenary session. A group was then established for the purpose of
drafting the recommendations under the auspices of the Standing Committee
of the Political Bureau. I was chief of this group, while my colleagues Li
Qiang, Wang Huning, Cai Qi, and Ding Xuexiang served as its deputy chiefs.
The group also included heads of relevant departments and localities. On
February 11, the group convened its first meeting, after which the drafting
work officially began.
Throughout the drafting process, the Central Committee followed a
democratic approach and drew on a vast pool of wisdom, conducting in-
depth surveys and studies and seeking opinions from all quarters. On January
22, the Central Committee issued the Notice on Soliciting Opinions on
Recommendations for the 15th Five-Year Plan to Be Studied at the Fourth
Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, in order to gather
opinions from certain Party members and non-Party figures. In late February,
the Central Committee organized six teams to conduct research projects in 12
provincial-level regions. Meanwhile, it requested certain central Party and
state departments to conduct research on 35 key topics. On April 30, I
presided over a symposium in Shanghai on economic and social development
during the 15th Five-Year Plan period for certain provinces, autonomous
regions, and municipalities directly under the central government. Thereafter,
I entrusted Comrade Li Qiang with presiding over three separate
symposiums for the economic community, the scientific and technological
community, and representatives from the primary level. We also solicited
opinions online, receiving more than three million comments, which were
then sorted through and condensed into over 1,500 suggestions.
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All those consulted unanimously agreed that dedicating the fourth
plenary session to deliberating recommendations for the 15th Five-Year Plan
is crucial for better leveraging the role of national development plans as a
strategic guide, further harnessing the mighty force that stems from our
whole Party and all Chinese people forging ahead in unity, and building a
great country and advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts through
Chinese modernization.
The general conclusion is that during the 15th Five-Year Plan period,
China will face both strategic opportunities and risks and challenges in
development, as well as increasing uncertainties and unforeseen factors.
Nevertheless, the conditions for and underlying trends of long-term economic
and social growth will remain unchanged. Those consulted expressed the
hope that we would define the general philosophy, core principles, major
objectives, strategic tasks, and main measures for economic and social
development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, so as to promote high-
quality development and put China on firmer foundations for basically
achieving socialist modernization.
On August 4, a draft document was issued to certain Party members,
including some retired senior Party officials, for consultation. Opinions were
also sought from the central committees of other political parties, leaders of
the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, and prominent figures
without party affiliation.
From the feedback we received, it is clear that the draft document has the
full endorsement of all consulted localities and departments. There is
unanimous agreement that it accurately defines the historical stage that the
cause of the Party and the country will enter in the 15th Five-Year Plan
period, provides a thorough analysis of the profound and complex changes in
China’s development environment, and sets out a top-level design and
strategic plan for our development over the next five years. As a document
with sound and well-targeted guiding principles, clear and specific targets,
realistic tasks, and pragmatic measures, it will serve as yet another
overarching blueprint and call to action for further advancing Chinese
modernization based on the progress we have so far made. The document
demonstrates our historic initiative by proposing to write a new chapter in the
miracles of rapid economic growth and long-term social stability and open up
new horizons for Chinese modernization. It will undoubtedly exert a
significant and far-reaching influence on the cause of the Party and the
country.
In addition, those consulted submitted many constructive opinions and
suggestions on the draft. The drafting group worked through these one by
one and incorporated as many of them as possible into the text. In total, we
made 218 additions, revisions, and simplifications to the document based on
452 opinions and suggestions.
During the drafting process, the Standing Committee of the Political
Bureau met three times and the Political Bureau convened on two occasions
to review and revise draft versions of the document. All these efforts
culminated in the final draft that we have submitted to this plenary session
for deliberation.
It is fair to say that the drafting work for this document is yet another
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vivid example of intra-Party democracy and whole-process people’s
democracy in action.
II. Main Considerations and Basic Content
In drafting the document, our overall consideration was that we needed
to make systematic plans and strategic arrangements for China’s economic
and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period based on the
two-step strategic plan for building China into a great modern socialist
country in all aspects set forth at the Party’s 20th National Congress. Our
drafting work was grounded in an accurate understanding of the important
position of the 15th Five-Year Plan period in the process of basically achieving
socialist modernization and an in-depth analysis of the domestic and global
landscapes.
Throughout the drafting process, we have adhered to the following
points. First, staying oriented toward both goals and problems. Maintaining
the basic orientation of consolidating foundations and pressing ahead on all
fronts, we have made systematic plans with the aim of putting China on
firmer foundations for basically achieving socialist modernization and
developed robust, well-ordered, and effective measures to address
inadequacies and shore up weaknesses with a focus on the new trends in the
once-in-a-century global transformation and the prominent problems in our
development. Second, applying systems thinking. We have made a
comprehensive plan for all aspects of economic and social development and
Party building in view of the requirement to implement the Five-Sphere
Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy in a
coordinated way. Third, further deepening reform comprehensively. We have
taken reform as a means to both resolve the difficulties arising during
development and generate greater development momentum and vitality.
Fourth, opening wider to the outside world. We have highlighted the need to
coordinate the use of global production factors and market resources while
pursuing development through our own strength.
The draft document consists of 15 parts, which are divided into three
main sections. The first section, which consists of the first and second parts,
gives a general overview of China’s major development achievements in the
14th Five-Year Plan period, the important position of the 15th Five-Year Plan
period as a critical stage in building on past successes to break new ground
for basically achieving socialist modernization, profound and intricate
changes facing China’s development environment in the 15th Five-Year Plan
period, the guiding philosophy for economic and social development in the
15th Five-Year Plan period, and the core principles to follow and major
objectives to pursue during this period.
The second section is the discussion section, which comprises 12 parts
(the 3rd through the 14th part). This section mainly focuses on the key issues
bearing on overall and long-term interests and makes sector-specific
arrangements for strategic tasks and main measures during the 15th Five-Year
Plan period. It discusses approaches and major tasks in the key areas of
industrial development, scientific and technological innovation, the domestic
market, the economic structure, opening up, rural revitalization, coordinated
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regional development, cultural development, public wellbeing, green
development, security and development, and national defense.
The third and final section consists of the 15th part and concluding
remarks. This section primarily makes arrangements for tasks related to
upholding and strengthening the Party Central Committee’s centralized,
unified leadership, advancing socialist democracy and rule of law, carrying
out work concerning Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, promoting the
building of a community with a shared future for humanity, and mobilizing
the initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity of the whole society.
III. Several Key Issues
The draft document contains a number of important points and major
measures, a few of which I will briefly explain here.
First, the important position of the 15th Five-Year Plan period
Socialist modernization can only be realized through a historical process
of gradual and ongoing development. It requires the unremitting hard work
of one generation after another. The draft document points out that the 15th
Five-Year Plan period will serve as a critical stage in building on past
successes to break new ground for basically achieving socialist
modernization. This judgment is based on the historic mission of this period.
The 20th National Party Congress set forth the goal of basically achieving
socialist modernization by 2035. We have laid solid foundations for this by
getting off to a good start in the first five years, which have made up the 14th
Five-Year Plan period. The period covered by the 15th Five-Year Plan will be
critical as we work to reinforce these foundations and push ahead on all
fronts toward this goal. A well-conceived 15th Five-Year Plan and its effective
implementation will ensure we have even stronger foundations for basically
achieving socialist modernization by 2035.
In line with this basic positioning, the draft document lays out plans for
development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. While carrying forward
concepts and approaches from the 14th Five-Year Plan, it accurately identifies
the general trends in China’s development over the next five years and
outlines a general philosophy, core principles, major objectives, and strategic
tasks that are both forward-looking and realistic. It is important that we seize
this window of opportunity to consolidate and build on our strengths,
remove development bottlenecks, shore up areas of weakness, seize the
strategic initiative amid intense international competition, and secure major
breakthroughs in strategic tasks of overall importance to Chinese
modernization. All of this will allow us to secure decisive progress toward
basically achieving socialist modernization.
Second, economic and social development objectives for the 15th Five-
Year Plan period
Setting development objectives in a well-conceived way is crucial to the
formulation and implementation of five-year plans. In the draft document, we
have defined the main objectives for economic and social development
according to the basic positioning of the 15th Five-Year Plan period and the
specific requirements for this stage. An important benchmark for basically
achieving socialist modernization by 2035 is that China’s per capita GDP will
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be on a par with that of a mid-level developed country by that time. This
dictates that we must maintain an appropriate rate of economic and social
development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. On the basis of thorough
research and scientific analysis, the draft document puts forward a range of
important objectives, such as ensuring economy keeps growing within an
appropriate range, realizing steady gains in total factor productivity, fully
unleashing the potential for growth, ensuring personal incomes increase in
step with economic growth and remuneration rises in tandem with labor
productivity increases, and continuing to expand the middle-income group.
In addition, in response to prominent issues in the current stage, such as
mounting downward economic pressure and insufficient effective demand,
the draft document also sets out objectives, including delivering a notable
increase in the rate of consumer spending and reinforcing the role of domestic
demand as the principal engine of economic growth.
Based on past experience, the objectives for economic and social
development in this draft document are primarily qualitative in nature, as it is
a document of overall guidance. The necessary quantitative requirements and
certain specific arrangements should be studied and determined during the
formulation of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social
Development.
Third, promoting high-quality development
Following the approach of the 14th Five-Year Plan, this draft document
also defines the promotion of high-quality development as the main focus in
economic and social development in the 15th Five-Year Plan period. It sets the
requirements of continuing to pursue economic development as our central
task, fully and faithfully applying the new development philosophy on all
fronts, promoting higher-quality economic growth while achieving an
appropriate increase in economic output, and driving sustained, sound
economic development and all-around social progress. To promote high-
quality development, we must first and foremost intensify efforts toward
achieving greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology, actively
develop new quality productive forces, and deliver substantial progress and
new breakthroughs in boosting scientific and technological innovation,
fostering new drivers of growth, and promoting economic structural
improvement and upgrading.
The draft document highlights the guiding role of scientific and
technological innovation and makes overall plans for modernizing the
industrial system, boosting self-reliance and strength in science and
technology, and accelerating the green transition across the board. It proposes
to promote upgrading of traditional industries, foster emerging industries
and industries of the future, and strengthen the foundations of the real
economy. It recommends promoting advances in original innovation and
breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, boosting full integration
between technological and industrial innovation, pursuing integrated
development of education, science and technology, and human resources, and
advancing the Digital China Initiative. It also makes the recommendations of
moving faster to develop a new energy system and accelerating the shift to
eco-friendly production practices and lifestyles. It should be noted that the
development of new quality productive forces is contingent on the presence
5
of certain resource endowments, which means we must properly assess the
feasibility of all relevant plans. In highlighting the need to develop new
quality productive forces in line with local conditions in the document, we
aim to guide all parties concerned to adopt a sound, rational, and realistic
approach in their work and refrain from rushing headlong into new
initiatives.
Fourth, strengthening the domestic economy and promoting
unimpeded domestic and international economic flows
As the international landscape becomes increasingly challenging and
complex, we must move faster to create a new development pattern and keep
a firm hold on the initiative in development. At present and for some time to
come, we must work to strengthen the domestic economy and boost domestic
economic flows, so as to leverage the stability of the domestic economy as a
hedge against uncertainties in the international economy.
To this end, the draft document highlights the need to strengthen the
domestic economy and makes overall plans regarding the development of a
robust domestic market and a high-standard socialist market economy. It
emphasizes the need to pursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand,
work toward improving living standards while increasing consumer
spending, make investments in both physical assets and human capital, boost
consumption, expand effective investment, and eliminate bottlenecks and
obstacles hindering the development of a unified national market. It
highlights the need to stimulate the vitality of all market entities, move faster
to improve institutions and mechanisms for market-based allocation of
production factors, and make macroeconomic governance more effective. The
document also calls for efforts to promote broader international economic
flows, expand opening up at the institutional level, safeguard the multilateral
trading system, and pursue high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.
Fifth, making solid progress toward realizing common prosperity for
all
Chinese modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for
all. Since the Party’s 18th National Congress, we have remained true to our
original aspiration and approached problems from the perspective of the
people’s interests. This has seen us advancing coordinated regional
development, adopting strong measures to ensure and improve the people’s
wellbeing, securing victory in the fight against poverty, and building a
moderately prosperous society in all respects. All this has created favorable
conditions for advancing toward common prosperity for all. The section on
guiding principles highlights the need to make solid progress toward
realizing this objective. This also represents an overall requirement for
economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.
Firmly anchored in the goal of common prosperity for all and the need to
ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing, the document recommends a
series of balanced and accessible policies and measures to promote high-
quality full employment, optimize the income distribution system, develop
education that meets the people’s expectations, refine the social security
system, promote high-quality development in the real estate sector, advance
the Healthy China Initiative, bolster high-quality population development,
and make steady efforts to ensure equitable access to basic public services.
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With a view to narrowing disparities between rural and urban areas and
between regions, it proposes a series of practical measures to accelerate the
pace of agricultural and rural modernization, steadily advance all-around
rural revitalization, improve the regional economic layout, and promote
coordinated regional development. With the aim of ensuring a rich cultural
life for all, it calls for efforts to promote and practice the core socialist values,
boost cultural programs, accelerate the development of cultural industries,
and extend the reach and appeal of Chinese civilization.
Sixth, ensuring both development and security
Security is a prerequisite for development while development provides a
guarantee for security. Over the next five years, China will see a notable rise
in uncertainties and unforeseen factors, which will make the task of ensuring
both development and security much harder. With a view to modernizing
China’s national security system and capacity, the document recommends
steps for improving the national security system, building up national
security capacity in key sectors, enhancing public safety governance, and
improving the social governance system. With the aim of promoting high-
quality modernization of national defense and the armed forces, it proposes to
speed up the development of advanced combat capabilities, modernize
military governance, and consolidate and improve integrated national
strategies and strategic capabilities.
Seventh, upholding the overall leadership of the Party
We must uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, as it is the
fundamental guarantee for advancing Chinese modernization. With a view to
improving the Party’s ability to lead China’s economic and social
development endeavors, the document emphasizes the need to uphold and
strengthen the Party Central Committee’s centralized, unified leadership,
refine the mechanisms through which the Party Central Committee’s major
decisions and plans are carried out, continue to apply the Party’s new theories
to achieve unity in thinking, will, and action, follow the right approach in
selecting and appointing officials, improve the system for assessing the
performance of officials, take coordinated steps to improve primary-level
Party organizations in all sectors, continue to steadfastly implement the
central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving work conduct,
improve the Party and state oversight systems, and keep waging the tough,
protracted, and all-out battle against corruption.
Comrades,
The main task of this plenary session is to review the recommendations
for the 15th Five-Year Plan. I urge all of you to give this draft your careful
consideration, discuss the issues in depth, and submit constructive
suggestions to effectively improve the document and make this plenary
session a success.
* * *
推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合（学习贯彻党的二十届四中全会精神）
阴和俊 《人民日报》（2025年11月26日 第 09 版）
党的二十届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》，对“加快高水平科技自立自强，引领发展新质生产力”作出战略部署，明确提出“推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合”的重大任务。我们要认真学习、深入领会、准确把握，全面抓好贯彻落实。
一、深刻认识推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合的重大意义
推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合是以习近平同志为核心的党中央着眼以科技现代化支撑引领中国式现代化，深刻洞察国内国际发展大势，准确把握科技和产业发展规律作出的重大战略决策。科技创新主要包括基础研究、应用研究、技术开发和成果转化等活动，取得新的科学发现，提出新的科学原理，发明新的技术方法工艺，得到新的验证示范。产业创新通过技术应用、管理改革、模式创新，开发新产品，开拓新市场，创造新需求，推动产业变革和经济发展。科技创新和产业创新相互交叉、互融共促、协同发展，科技创新为产业创新提供内生动力，产业创新为科技创新创造价值。推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合是深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略的重要抓手，对建成科技强国、实现中国式现代化具有重大意义。
（一）推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合是培育发展新质生产力的内在要求。习近平总书记深刻指出：“科技创新和产业创新，是发展新质生产力的基本路径。”新质生产力具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径的先进生产力质态。科技创新是发展新质生产力的核心要素，产业创新是生产力跃迁的关键载体。当前，我国正处于新旧动能加快转换的关键时期，产业发展进入转型升级的重要关口。我们必须发挥科技创新主导作用，高效配置知识、技术、人才、资本等各类创新要素，加强原创性、颠覆性科技创新，实现更多技术革命性突破，及时将科技创新成果应用到具体产业和产业链上，优化提升传统产业，培育壮大新兴产业，前瞻布局未来产业，大幅提升全要素生产率，为发展新质生产力、实现高质量发展注入强劲动能。
（二）推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合是准确把握新一轮科技革命和产业变革趋势、抢占发展制高点的必然选择。习近平总书记深刻指出：“科学研究范式正在发生深刻变革，学科交叉融合不断发展，科学技术和经济社会发展加速渗透融合。”当前，基础研究不断拓展人类认知新边界，前沿技术呈现加速突破、群体跃升态势，基础研究、应用研究、技术开发和产业化的边界越趋模糊，相互作用与循环迭代速度不断加快。人工智能作为引领新一轮科技革命和产业变革的战略性技术，正在迅速广泛渗透经济社会各领域各方面，全面赋能千行百业，牵引技术体系迭代升级，重塑科研范式、产业形态和经济格局，新一代通信、脑机接口、生物制造等一批新产业新业态进入爆发增长新阶段。纵观历史，每一次科技革命都会引发产业变革，每一次产业变革都会促进科技蓬勃发展和大规模应用。当前，各国围绕前沿科技和产业发展制高点的竞争已进入白热化阶段。在激烈的国际竞争中赢得战略主动，不仅要比拼科学突破性、技术先进性，还要比拼产业创新力和企业竞争力。我们必须准确把握科技革命和产业变革规律，转变传统思维方式，变革创新组织模式，加强科技和产业协同布局，切实增强科技硬实力、提升产业竞争力，掌握科技竞争主动权和产业变革主导权。
（三）推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合是我国科技和产业发展进入新阶段的战略之举。我国一直高度重视科技在推动经济社会发展中的重要作用，每个历史阶段都对科技与经济结合作出重要部署。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视科技创新，深入实施创新驱动发展战略，加快推进科技强国建设，我国科技事业取得历史性成就。2024年，我国国家综合创新能力排名全球第10位，全社会研究与试验发展经费投入超过3.6万亿元，高水平国际期刊论文数量、国际专利申请量、研发人员总量连续多年位居世界第一；科技创新和产业创新融合不断深入，产学研合作、科技成果转化应用不断取得新进展，技术合同成交额达到6.8万亿元，企业创新能力明显提升；以新产业、新业态、新商业模式为核心内容的“三新”经济增加值占国内生产总值的比重已达18%，我国产业在全球价值链中的地位不断提升，科技创新和产业创新进一步深度融合已具备坚实基础。但与世界科技强国相比，还存在原始创新能力相对薄弱、一些关键核心技术受制于人、产业链整体上处于中低端等问题。立足深度融合新要求，科技要打头阵，全面增强高质量科技供给，全面强化产业需求牵引，实现双向赋能、协同倍增，以强大的科技创新能力保障现代化产业体系的完整性、先进性、安全性，持续塑造国家竞争新优势。
二、准确把握科技创新和产业创新深度融合的总体要求
习近平总书记高度重视科技创新和产业创新，对科技创新和产业创新融合作出系列重要论述，指出“抓科技创新，要着眼建设现代化产业体系”，“抓产业创新，要守牢实体经济这个根基，坚持推动传统产业改造升级和开辟战略性新兴产业、未来产业新赛道并重”；强调“以科技创新推动产业创新，特别是以颠覆性技术和前沿技术催生新产业、新模式、新动能，发展新质生产力”；强调科技创新和产业创新融合的基础是增加高质量科技供给，融合的关键是强化企业科技创新主体地位，融合的途径是促进科技成果转化应用；强调要搭建平台、健全体制机制，让创新链和产业链无缝对接。习近平总书记的重要论述是推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合的根本遵循和行动指南。
深入学习贯彻习近平总书记重要论述，必须坚持科技是第一生产力、人才是第一资源、创新是第一动力，深入实施创新驱动发展战略，围绕产业链部署创新链，围绕创新链布局产业链，推动各主体协同、全要素融通、全链条贯通、全领域覆盖、全方位保障，形成科技创新和产业创新一体推进、互融共促新格局，打通从科技强到产业强、经济强、国家强的通道，为实现中国式现代化奠定坚实物质技术基础。重点要把握以下几个方面。
（一）坚持科技创新以产业需求和应用为导向。产业发展是科技创新的土壤，是科技创新成果转化的主战场，为科技创新提供资金、应用场景和市场反馈。要突出需求导向，坚持“产业出题、科技答题”，聚焦现代化产业体系建设的重点领域和薄弱环节，变革创新组织模式，加强关键共性技术、前沿引领技术、现代工程技术、颠覆性技术创新，强化研以致用、研用一体，创造更多有用的发明，筑牢产业发展的技术基础，加快将科技创新成果转化为现实生产力。
（二）坚持产业创新以提升科技水平为着力点。科技创新是产业发展的内核，产业发展只有依靠科技创新才能形成强大竞争力和持久生命力。建设现代化产业体系，要着力加强科技研发、产品迭代升级、应用场景建设等环节融通创新，以科技创新为根本驱动，升级传统产业、壮大新兴产业、培育未来产业，加快推动产业智能化、绿色化、融合化发展。
（三）坚持以提升企业创新能力为关键。企业具有连接科技、市场、产业、经济的天然属性，是产业发展的基本单元和创新创造的主力军，是创新链和产业链的结合点。要把强化企业创新主体地位贯穿融合全过程，促进企业主导的产学研融通创新，推动资金、人才、技术、数据等创新要素向企业集聚，建设深度融合的高能级创新平台，持续提升企业创新能力，使企业成为技术创新决策、研发投入、科研组织、成果转化的主体。
（四）坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合。创新既需要市场机制推动，也需要政府超前谋划和政策引导，二者共同发力，有效激发全社会创新创造活力。要用好我国超大规模市场优势，强化市场在研发攻关方向、技术路线选择上的牵引作用，发挥政府创新组织者和生态营造者作用，促进科技、产业、财税、金融等政策取向一致、相互衔接，营造良好的政策环境。
三、全面落实推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合的重点任务
我们要坚决贯彻落实党中央重大决策部署，坚持目标导向和问题导向相结合，抓住关键重点，强化协同联动，扎实有效推动各项任务落实落地。
（一）加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关，提升科技支撑引领能力。坚持面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求、面向人民生命健康，突出国家战略需求，部署实施一批国家重大科技任务。采取超常规举措，全链条推动集成电路、工业母机、高端仪器、基础软件、先进材料、生物制造等重点领域关键核心技术攻关取得决定性突破。加强基础研究战略性、前瞻性、体系化布局，提高基础研究投入比重，加大长期稳定支持。强化科学研究、技术开发原始创新导向，优化有利于原创性、颠覆性创新的环境，产出更多标志性原创成果。加快人工智能等数智技术创新，突破基础理论和核心技术。全面实施“人工智能+”行动，以人工智能引领科研范式变革，全方位赋能千行百业。强化科技基础条件自主保障，统筹科技创新平台基地建设。
（二）推动创新资源向企业集聚，强化企业科技创新主体地位。加强企业主导的产学研融合，支持企业牵头组建创新联合体，更多承担国家科技攻关任务，促进产业链上下游融通创新。统筹国家战略科技力量建设，增强体系化攻关能力。培育壮大科技领军企业，支持高新技术企业和科技型中小企业发展，提高企业研发费用加计扣除比例，强化企业科技投入主体作用。一体推进教育科技人才发展，强化科研机构、创新平台、企业、科技计划人才集聚培养功能，围绕科技创新、产业发展和国家战略需求协同育人，支持青年科技人才创新创业，畅通高校、科研院所、企业人才交流通道。支持企业国际化发展，深度参与全球创新链供应链。
（三）完善转化机制，加快重大科技成果高效转化应用。允许科技人员在科技成果转化收益分配上有更大自主权，建立职务科技成果资产单列管理制度，深化职务科技成果赋权改革。完善首台（套）、首批次、首版次应用政策，加大政府采购自主创新产品力度。布局建设概念验证、中试验证平台，加大应用场景建设和开放力度，加强知识产权保护和运用。构建与科技型企业全生命周期融资需求更相适应的多元化、接力式金融服务体系，加强对国家重大科技任务和科技型中小企业的金融支持，引导长期资本投早、投小、投长期、投硬科技。
（四）强化政策保障，营造深度融合的良好生态。加强知识产权保护，强化科技法治、科技伦理、科研诚信、科技安全建设，完善市场准入、监管、公平竞争等政策。以创新能力、质量、实效、贡献为评价导向，深化项目评审、机构评估、人才评价、收入分配改革，激发创新创造动力活力。深化国际科技交流合作，建立高技术人才移民制度，引育世界优秀人才。加强科学技术普及，培育创新文化，大力弘扬科学家精神。
（五）健全区域创新体系，因地制宜探索深度融合新模式。加强科技创新战略规划、政策措施、重大任务、科研力量、资源平台等央地协同。强化国际科技创新中心策源功能，布局建设区域科技创新中心和产业科技创新高地，打造创新链紧密衔接、产业链优势互补的创新型城市群。加强对地方科技创新和产业发展的宏观分类指导，优化创新资源区域配置。鼓励地方结合自身资源禀赋，探索差异化创新发展路径，打造一批特色优势产业集群。
Promoting the Deep Integration of Technological Innovation and Industrial Innovation (Studying and Implementing the Spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee)
Yin Hejun, *People's Daily* (November 26, 2025, Page 09)
The "Suggestions of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, made strategic deployments for "accelerating high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and leading the development of new-quality productive forces," and clearly put forward the major task of "promoting the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation." We must earnestly study, deeply understand, and accurately grasp these suggestions, and comprehensively implement them.
I. Profoundly Understanding the Great Significance of Promoting the Deep Integration of Technological Innovation and Industrial Innovation
Promoting the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, aiming to support and lead China's modernization with scientific and technological modernization, deeply understanding the domestic and international development trends, and accurately grasping the laws of scientific and technological and industrial development. Technological innovation mainly includes basic research, applied research, technology development, and achievement transformation activities, resulting in new scientific discoveries, proposing new scientific principles, inventing new technologies, methods, and processes, and obtaining new verification and demonstrations. Industrial innovation, through technological application, management reform, and model innovation, develops new products, explores new markets, creates new demands, and drives industrial transformation and economic development. Technological innovation and industrial innovation are intertwined, mutually reinforcing, and synergistically developing. Technological innovation provides endogenous impetus for industrial innovation, while industrial innovation creates value for technological innovation. Promoting the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation is a crucial approach to thoroughly implementing the strategies of invigorating the nation through science and education, strengthening the nation through talent, and innovation-driven development, and is of great significance to building a technologically strong nation and realizing Chinese-style modernization.
(I) Promoting the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation is an inherent requirement for cultivating and developing new-quality productive forces. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: "Technological innovation and industrial innovation are the basic paths for developing new-quality productive forces." New-quality productive forces are characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality; they are advanced productive forces in which innovation plays a leading role, breaking away from traditional economic growth patterns and productive force development paths. Technological innovation is the core element for developing new-quality productive forces, and industrial innovation is the key carrier for the leap in productive forces. Currently, China is in a critical period of accelerating the transformation of old and new growth drivers, and industrial development has entered a crucial juncture of transformation and upgrading. We must leverage the leading role of scientific and technological innovation, efficiently allocate various innovation elements such as knowledge, technology, talent, and capital, strengthen original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation, achieve more revolutionary technological breakthroughs, promptly apply the results of scientific and technological innovation to specific industries and industrial chains, optimize and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate and expand emerging industries, proactively plan for future industries, and significantly improve total factor productivity, injecting strong momentum into the development of new productive forces and the realization of high-quality development.
(II) Promoting the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation is an inevitable choice for accurately grasping the trends of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and seizing the commanding heights of development. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: "The paradigm of scientific research is undergoing profound changes, interdisciplinary integration is constantly developing, and the integration of science and technology with economic and social development is accelerating." Currently, basic research is constantly expanding new boundaries of human cognition, cutting-edge technologies are showing an accelerated breakthrough and a leapfrog development trend, and the boundaries between basic research, applied research, technological development, and industrialization are becoming increasingly blurred, with the speed of interaction and iterative cycles constantly accelerating. Artificial intelligence, as a strategic technology leading a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, is rapidly and widely permeating all sectors and aspects of the economy and society, comprehensively empowering all industries, driving the iterative upgrading of technological systems, and reshaping scientific research paradigms, industrial forms, and economic patterns. A number of new industries and new business models, such as next-generation communications, brain-computer interfaces, and biomanufacturing, are entering a new stage of explosive growth. Throughout history, every technological revolution has triggered industrial transformation, and every industrial transformation has promoted the vigorous development and large-scale application of science and technology. Currently, competition among countries for the commanding heights of cutting-edge technologies and industrial development has entered a fierce stage. Gaining strategic initiative in this intense international competition requires not only competing on scientific breakthroughs and technological advancements, but also on industrial innovation and corporate competitiveness. We must accurately grasp the laws of technological revolution and industrial transformation, transform traditional thinking, reform innovative organizational models, strengthen the coordinated layout of science and technology and industry, effectively enhance our technological hard power and industrial competitiveness, and seize the initiative in technological competition and the leading role in industrial transformation.
(III) Promoting the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation is a strategic move for Chinese science and technology and industrial development to enter a new stage. China has always attached great importance to the crucial role of science and technology in promoting economic and social development, making significant deployments for the integration of science and technology with the economy at each historical stage. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to scientific and technological innovation, deeply implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, and accelerated the construction of a science and technology powerhouse, resulting in historic achievements in Chinese science and technology undertakings. In 2024, China ranked 10th globally in comprehensive national innovation capability, with total social R&D expenditure exceeding 3.6 trillion yuan. The number of high-level international journal articles, international patent applications, and the total number of R&D personnel have ranked first in the world for many consecutive years. The integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation has deepened, with continuous new progress in industry-university-research cooperation and the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements. The transaction volume of technology contracts reached 6.8 trillion yuan, and the innovation capability of enterprises has significantly improved. The added value of the "three new" economy—new industries, new business formats, and new business models—accounts for 18% of GDP, and China's industrial position in the global value chain has been continuously enhanced. A solid foundation has been laid for further deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. However, compared with the world's leading science and technology powers, there are still problems such as relatively weak original innovation capabilities, reliance on others for some key core technologies, and the overall low-to-mid-end position of the industrial chain. Based on the new requirements of deep integration, science and technology must take the lead, comprehensively enhancing the supply of high-quality science and technology, and comprehensively strengthening the driving force of industrial demand. This will achieve two-way empowerment and synergistic multiplication, ensuring the integrity, advancement, and security of the modern industrial system with strong scientific and technological innovation capabilities, and continuously shaping new competitive advantages for the nation.
II. Accurately Grasping the Overall Requirements of Deep Integration of Scientific and Technological Innovation and Industrial Innovation
General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and has made a series of important statements on the integration of these two fields. He pointed out that "in grasping scientific and technological innovation, we must focus on building a modern industrial system," and "in grasping industrial innovation, we must firmly uphold the foundation of the real economy, and insist on promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries while simultaneously opening up new tracks for strategic emerging industries and future industries." He emphasized that "we should promote industrial innovation through scientific and technological innovation, especially using disruptive and cutting-edge technologies to foster new industries, new models, and new driving forces, and develop new-quality productive forces." He stressed that the foundation of the integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation is increasing the supply of high-quality science and technology, the key to integration is strengthening the leading role of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, and the way to integration is to promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements. He emphasized the need to build platforms and improve systems and mechanisms to ensure seamless connection between the innovation chain and the industrial chain. General Secretary Xi Jinping's important statements are the fundamental guidelines and action plan for promoting the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation.
To thoroughly study and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions, we must adhere to the principles that science and technology are the primary productive force, talent is the primary resource, and innovation is the primary driving force. We must deeply implement the innovation-driven development strategy, deploying the innovation chain around the industrial chain and arranging the industrial chain around the innovation chain. This requires promoting collaboration among all stakeholders, integration of all factors, seamless connection across the entire chain, coverage across all fields, and comprehensive guarantees. We must form a new pattern of integrated and mutually reinforcing technological and industrial innovation, opening up the path from a strong science and technology sector to a strong industry, a strong economy, and a strong nation, laying a solid material and technological foundation for achieving Chinese-style modernization. The key aspects to grasp are as follows:
(I) Adhere to the principle that technological innovation is guided by industrial needs and applications. Industrial development is the soil for technological innovation and the main battlefield for the transformation of technological innovation achievements, providing funding, application scenarios, and market feedback for technological innovation. We must emphasize demand orientation, adhering to the principle of "industry posing the questions, science and technology answering them," focusing on key areas and weak links in the construction of a modern industrial system, transforming and innovating organizational models, strengthening innovation in key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technologies, strengthening the integration of research and application, creating more useful inventions, consolidating the technological foundation for industrial development, and accelerating the transformation of technological innovation achievements into real productive forces.
(II) Adhere to industrial innovation with a focus on improving technological levels. Technological innovation is the core of industrial development; only through technological innovation can industrial development form strong competitiveness and lasting vitality. Building a modern industrial system requires strengthening integrated innovation in areas such as scientific research and development, product iteration and upgrading, and application scenario construction. Driven by technological innovation, we must upgrade traditional industries, expand emerging industries, cultivate future industries, and accelerate the intelligent, green, and integrated development of industries.
(III) Adhere to enhancing enterprise innovation capabilities as the key. Enterprises possess the natural attribute of connecting technology, market, industry, and economy. They are the basic unit of industrial development and the main force of innovation, serving as the intersection of the innovation chain and the industrial chain. We must strengthen the leading role of enterprises in innovation throughout the entire integration process, promote enterprise-led industry-academia-research integrated innovation, drive the aggregation of innovation elements such as capital, talent, technology, and data towards enterprises, build high-level innovation platforms with deep integration, continuously enhance enterprise innovation capabilities, and make enterprises the main body of technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization, and成果转化 (technology transfer).
(IV) Adhere to the combination of an effective market and a proactive government. Innovation requires both market mechanisms and proactive government planning and policy guidance. The combined efforts of both are essential to effectively stimulate innovation and creativity across society. We must leverage China's massive market advantage, strengthening the market's guiding role in R&D direction and technology route selection, while also giving full play to the government's role as an innovation organizer and ecosystem builder. This will ensure consistency and coordination among science and technology, industry, fiscal, and financial policies, creating a favorable policy environment.
III. Fully Implement Key Tasks for Promoting the Deep Integration of Technological and Industrial Innovation
We must resolutely implement the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, adhering to a combination of goal-oriented and problem-oriented approaches, focusing on key priorities, strengthening collaborative efforts, and effectively promoting the implementation of various tasks.
(I) Strengthen Original Innovation and Key Core Technology Breakthroughs to Enhance Technological Support and Leadership. We must adhere to the principles of facing the forefront of global science and technology, the main battlefield of the economy, major national needs, and the health of the people, highlighting national strategic needs, and deploying and implementing a number of major national science and technology tasks. We must adopt extraordinary measures to achieve decisive breakthroughs in key core technologies in key areas such as integrated circuits, industrial machine tools, high-end instruments, basic software, advanced materials, and biomanufacturing across the entire value chain. Strengthen the strategic, forward-looking, and systematic layout of basic research, increase the proportion of investment in basic research, and increase long-term and stable support. Strengthen the orientation of original innovation in scientific research and technological development, optimize the environment conducive to original and disruptive innovation, and produce more landmark original achievements. Accelerate the innovation of digital and intelligent technologies such as artificial intelligence, and break through basic theories and core technologies. Fully implement the "Artificial Intelligence+" action, using artificial intelligence to lead the paradigm shift in scientific research and empower all industries in all aspects. Strengthen the self-sufficiency of basic scientific and technological conditions, and coordinate the construction of science and technology innovation platforms and bases.
(II) Promote the aggregation of innovation resources to enterprises and strengthen the leading role of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation. Strengthen the integration of industry, academia, and research led by enterprises, support enterprises in leading the formation of innovation consortia, undertake more national key scientific and technological tasks, and promote integrated innovation across the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. Coordinate the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces and enhance systematic problem-solving capabilities. Cultivate and strengthen leading technology enterprises, support the development of high-tech enterprises and science and technology-based SMEs, increase the deduction ratio of enterprise R&D expenses, and strengthen the leading role of enterprises in scientific and technological investment. We will promote the integrated development of education, science and technology talent, strengthen the talent aggregation and training functions of research institutions, innovation platforms, enterprises, and science and technology programs, and collaboratively cultivate talent around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic goals. We will support the innovation and entrepreneurship of young scientific and technological talents and facilitate talent exchange channels among universities, research institutes, and enterprises. We will support the international development of enterprises and encourage their deep participation in the global innovation chain and supply chain.
(III) Improve the transformation mechanism and accelerate the efficient transformation and application of major scientific and technological achievements. We will allow scientific and technological personnel greater autonomy in the distribution of benefits from the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, establish a separate management system for job-related scientific and technological achievements assets, and deepen the reform of empowering job-related scientific and technological achievements. We will improve the policies for the first (set), first batch, and first version of applications, and increase the government procurement of independently innovative products. We will plan and build concept verification and pilot-scale verification platforms, increase the construction and openness of application scenarios, and strengthen the protection and application of intellectual property rights. We will build a diversified and relay-style financial service system that is more adapted to the financing needs of science and technology enterprises throughout their entire life cycle, strengthen financial support for major national science and technology tasks and science and technology SMEs, and guide long-term capital to invest in early-stage, small-scale, long-term, and hard technologies.
(IV) Strengthen policy guarantees and create a favorable ecosystem for deep integration. Strengthen intellectual property protection, enhance the rule of law, ethics, integrity, and security in science and technology, and improve policies on market access, regulation, and fair competition. Using innovation capability, quality, effectiveness, and contribution as evaluation criteria, deepen reforms in project review, institutional assessment, talent evaluation, and income distribution to stimulate innovation and creativity. Deepen international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, establish a high-tech talent immigration system, and attract and cultivate outstanding global talent. Strengthen science and technology popularization, cultivate an innovation culture, and vigorously promote the spirit of scientists.
(V) Improve the regional innovation system and explore new models of deep integration tailored to local conditions. Strengthen central-local coordination in strategic planning, policies, major tasks, research capabilities, and resource platforms for science and technology innovation. Enhance the source function of international science and technology innovation centers, plan and construct regional science and technology innovation centers and industrial science and technology innovation hubs, and create innovative city clusters with closely connected innovation chains and complementary industrial chain advantages. Strengthen macro-level classification guidance for local science and technology innovation and industrial development, and optimize the regional allocation of innovation resources. Encourage local governments to explore differentiated innovation development paths based on their own resource endowments and create a number of distinctive and advantageous industrial clusters.
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