Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Style Modernization [中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革 推进中国式现代化的决定]

Pix Credit here (March Towards the Four Modernizations of a Powerful Socialist Nation)

I recently posted about the Communiqué that was distributed on behalf of the Chinese Communist arty Central Committee to mark the end of its 20th CPC Congress 3rd Plenum Session (中国共产党第二十届中央委员会第三次全体会议公报 [Communiqué of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China] ("Each plenary session is concluded with an appropriate communique in which the vanguard emphasizes and details what it views as important for consumption by the masses--and foreigners. This plenary session was no different.")). 

The 3rd Plenum tends to apply the lens of economic and social policy to the key areas identified in the preceding Congress. This one was no different. It's emphasis on the further, and to some extent extensive, elaboration of Socialist modernization, was noteworthy--a topic that occupied much of the space devoted to the text of the Communique.   Socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics (eg 中国式现代化), in its current forms, remains a key driver of Chinese economic/political policy since the end of the Cultural Revolution. At the same time, like applied Chinese Marxist Leninism, the policy and objectives based expression of that principle has undergone sometimes significant changes as China has moved from one era of historical development to another, The evolution has been especially pronounced  as China leaves the Era of Reform and Opening Up and fully enters the current "New Era." The foundational conception of Socialist modernization would have had to change in that transition in any case--that was a necessary consequence of perhaps one of the more profound movements in evolutionary Chinese Leninism--the shift in the identification of the general contradiction (see, here) from the development of productive forces to "the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people's ever-growing needs for a better life." 

In theory, at least, the principal effect of the shift was to produce a change in the meaning of "development of productive forces" beyond  material productivity to its social, cultural, and political elements.In practice that has produced a variety of efforts to develop policy through which it might be possible to change the context and measurement of development (by broadening the factors ot be considered) and to situate development much more deeply within the coordinated efforts to manage social, cultural, economic, and political movement toward longer term goals. At the same time, the term was more tightly connected to the production of ideology and the systems through which contemporary ideology could be expressed. That, in turn, permitted a broadening of the meaning of the objects around which production could be understood, utilized, and their value added or contribution to overcoming the principal contradiction could be measured. 

Every thing and every one could be considered a State Asset (in the sense of contributing to productivity, and by so contributing affecting the character and forward movement that was meant to be a properly conceptualized and managed socialist modernization). Chinese policy, then, could become as concerned about the full development of the ideal worker, cadre, family, social and cultural apparatus as it had been concerned, in the earlier era of historical development with the factors and objects of economic development more detached from its social, cultural, and political resonances. Moreover, socialist modernization--and especially is high quality development can apply as well to the modernization of the mass line through whole process people's democracy, and with it the Socialist law system and  the "correct view of human rights (坚持正确人权观，加强人权执法司法保障 [Adhere to the correct view of human rights, strengthen the law enforcement and judicial protection of human rights]). More importantly, the structural elements of reformed socialist modernization must necessarily follow trade and development outward, with China as the exemplar and the hub of a new system of foreign trade that enhances socialist modernization at home and aligns  partner systems abroad. None of this necessarily means an abandonment of the traditional approaches to the development of productive forces--the efforts to develop, for example, the dual circulation economy as well as the now equally significant principle/policy of high quality development (“新质生产力”,with its focus on innovation and socially significant approaches) clearly suggests that the move toward economic-political-social-cultural integration was not necessarily a faithful regression back to the union of politics and economics of the old class struggle days.

All of this, though, had to be rationalized in a forward facing way. At the time of the distribution of the 3rd Plenum Communique I suggested what appeared to be the framework of the rationalizing way forward:

And indeed, the principle of socialist modernization remains central the evolution of principles of Chinese Marxist-Leninism in and for the New Era of Chinese historical development and a key element of the way in which policy is shaped to meet the current principal contradiction around which applied principles are built and against which they are measured. The Communique builds a comprehensive system around socialist modernization in interesting ways. It is presented as a comprehensive organizing principle and strategy for organizing and rationalizing policy around a core animating principle. Its added value is in its "connective tissue"--socialist modernization connects the Xi and Deng leadership periods traveling significantly from its articulation during the Era of Reform and Opening Up; in this way it provides an important example of the dynamic element in Chinese Marxist Leninism, one that can flow with the times. Much now fits within the modernization umbrella. (中国共产党第二十届中央委员会第三次全体会议公报 [Communiqué of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China]).

And, indeed, on 21 July 2024, the authorities authorized the release of what appears to be a substantive rationalization along those lines:  Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Style Modernization [中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革　推进中国式现代化的决定]. The document elaborates the key elements identified in the 3rd Plenum Communique. It will likely be the "text" to be used by members of the Central Party School in the  study sessions to be organized for the benefit of key officials and high level CPC members (small sessions) and larger sessions for  cadres, administrators, key elements of society.

The full text follows below in the original Chinese and in a crude English translations.

What makes it especially interesting, beyond its affirmation, development, and reconstitution of socialist modernization for the New Era looking forward to the 21st CPC Congress, is the way in which key concepts can each be merged with and into almost the entirety of the ruling ideology in its then current forms.  Or put differently, this provides an excellent example of the self-referencing foundations of ideological construction in which each element adds a layer but each layer contains within it the entirety of the system, each providing a perspectives based window on the entirety of the project. This is not dialectics--though it moves through processes of iterative dialectics embedded in the CPC Congress system. Rather it reflects a 

Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Style Modernization [中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革　推进中国式现代化的决定] is divided into 15 sections:

I. The Significance and Overall Requirements of Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Modernization with Chinese Characteristics

 II. Build a high-level socialist market economic system

 III. Improve the system and mechanism for promoting high-quality economic development

IV. Build a system and mechanism to support comprehensive innovation

 V. Improve the macroeconomic governance system

 VI. Improve the system and mechanism for integrated urban-rural development

 VII. Improve the system and mechanism of high-level opening up

 VIII. Improve the system of whole process people's democracy

 IX. Improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics

 X. Deepen the reform of cultural systems and mechanisms

 XII. Deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system

 XIII. Promote the modernization of the national security system and capabilities

 XIV. Continue to deepen defense and military reforms

XV. Improve the Party's leadership in further deepening reform and promoting Chinese-style modernization

What becomes unavoidable, and some might be tempted to argue, inevitable, alignment of politics, societal, cultural and economic vectors within the umbrella of the apex objective of a Leninist State committed to Marxist ideals--the engagement of all factors of societal production toward the task of establishing a communist society. The cocktail of measures and the articulation of ruling frameworks, perspectives, and focus are a function of the nature of the contradictions that must be overcome at each stage of the historical development of a society, led by a vanguard and deeply committed to the "big bang" of their lifeworld (lebenswelt)--the conviction that the establishment of a communist society along Marxist lines is both natural and inevitable.  

The official English language translation,  Full text: Resolution of CPC Central Committee on further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization may be accessed HERE. My cruder translation follows below along with the original text. It is sometimes useful to compare the refinements of official text with the over or undertones of meanings a cruder translation sometimes might reveal. A side by side bilingual version, prepared by the folks at NCP Observer may be accessed HERE.

受权发布丨中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革　推进中国式现代化的决定

 新华社北京7月21日电　

中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革　推进中国式现代化的决定

（2024年7月18日中国共产党第二十届中央委员会第三次全体会议通过）

  为贯彻落实党的二十大作出的战略部署，二十届中央委员会第三次全体会议研究了进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化问题，作出如下决定。

  一、进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的重大意义和总体要求

  （1）进一步全面深化改革的重要性和必要性。改革开放是党和人民事业大踏步赶上时代的重要法宝。党的十一届三中全会是划时代的，开启了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期。党的十八届三中全会也是划时代的，开启了新时代全面深化改革、系统整体设计推进改革新征程，开创了我国改革开放全新局面。

  以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全党全军全国各族人民，以伟大的历史主动、巨大的政治勇气、强烈的责任担当，冲破思想观念束缚，突破利益固化藩篱，敢于突进深水区，敢于啃硬骨头，敢于涉险滩，坚决破除各方面体制机制弊端，实现改革由局部探索、破冰突围到系统集成、全面深化的转变，各领域基础性制度框架基本建立，许多领域实现历史性变革、系统性重塑、整体性重构，总体完成党的十八届三中全会确定的改革任务，实现到党成立一百周年时各方面制度更加成熟更加定型取得明显成效的目标，为全面建成小康社会、实现党的第一个百年奋斗目标提供有力制度保障，推动我国迈上全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程。

  当前和今后一个时期是以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期。中国式现代化是在改革开放中不断推进的，也必将在改革开放中开辟广阔前景。面对纷繁复杂的国际国内形势，面对新一轮科技革命和产业变革，面对人民群众新期待，必须继续把改革推向前进。这是坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求，是贯彻新发展理念、更好适应我国社会主要矛盾变化的必然要求，是坚持以人民为中心、让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民的必然要求，是应对重大风险挑战、推动党和国家事业行稳致远的必然要求，是推动构建人类命运共同体、在百年变局加速演进中赢得战略主动的必然要求，是深入推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程、建设更加坚强有力的马克思主义政党的必然要求。改革开放只有进行时，没有完成时。全党必须自觉把改革摆在更加突出位置，紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化进一步全面深化改革。

  （2）进一步全面深化改革的指导思想。坚持马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观，全面贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，深入学习贯彻习近平总书记关于全面深化改革的一系列新思想、新观点、新论断，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，坚持解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进、求真务实，进一步解放和发展社会生产力、激发和增强社会活力，统筹国内国际两个大局，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，以经济体制改革为牵引，以促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉为出发点和落脚点，更加注重系统集成，更加注重突出重点，更加注重改革实效，推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好相适应，为中国式现代化提供强大动力和制度保障。

  （3）进一步全面深化改革的总目标。继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。到二〇三五年，全面建成高水平社会主义市场经济体制，中国特色社会主义制度更加完善，基本实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，基本实现社会主义现代化，为到本世纪中叶全面建成社会主义现代化强国奠定坚实基础。

  ——聚焦构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，推进高水平科技自立自强，推进高水平对外开放，建成现代化经济体系，加快构建新发展格局，推动高质量发展。

  ——聚焦发展全过程人民民主，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，推动人民当家作主制度更加健全、协商民主广泛多层制度化发展、中国特色社会主义法治体系更加完善，社会主义法治国家建设达到更高水平。

  ——聚焦建设社会主义文化强国，坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度，健全文化事业、文化产业发展体制机制，推动文化繁荣，丰富人民精神文化生活，提升国家文化软实力和中华文化影响力。

  ——聚焦提高人民生活品质，完善收入分配和就业制度，健全社会保障体系，增强基本公共服务均衡性和可及性，推动人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。

  ——聚焦建设美丽中国，加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型，健全生态环境治理体系，推进生态优先、节约集约、绿色低碳发展，促进人与自然和谐共生。

  ——聚焦建设更高水平平安中国，健全国家安全体系，强化一体化国家战略体系，增强维护国家安全能力，创新社会治理体制机制和手段，有效构建新安全格局。

  ——聚焦提高党的领导水平和长期执政能力，创新和改进领导方式和执政方式，深化党的建设制度改革，健全全面从严治党体系。

  到二〇二九年中华人民共和国成立八十周年时，完成本决定提出的改革任务。

  （4）进一步全面深化改革的原则。总结和运用改革开放以来特别是新时代全面深化改革的宝贵经验，贯彻以下原则：坚持党的全面领导，坚定维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，把党的领导贯穿改革各方面全过程，确保改革始终沿着正确政治方向前进；坚持以人民为中心，尊重人民主体地位和首创精神，人民有所呼、改革有所应，做到改革为了人民、改革依靠人民、改革成果由人民共享；坚持守正创新，坚持中国特色社会主义不动摇，紧跟时代步伐，顺应实践发展，突出问题导向，在新的起点上推进理论创新、实践创新、制度创新、文化创新以及其他各方面创新；坚持以制度建设为主线，加强顶层设计、总体谋划，破立并举、先立后破，筑牢根本制度，完善基本制度，创新重要制度；坚持全面依法治国，在法治轨道上深化改革、推进中国式现代化，做到改革和法治相统一，重大改革于法有据、及时把改革成果上升为法律制度；坚持系统观念，处理好经济和社会、政府和市场、效率和公平、活力和秩序、发展和安全等重大关系，增强改革系统性、整体性、协同性。

  二、构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制

  高水平社会主义市场经济体制是中国式现代化的重要保障。必须更好发挥市场机制作用，创造更加公平、更有活力的市场环境，实现资源配置效率最优化和效益最大化，既“放得活”又“管得住”，更好维护市场秩序、弥补市场失灵，畅通国民经济循环，激发全社会内生动力和创新活力。

  （5）坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”。毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展，保证各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护，促进各种所有制经济优势互补、共同发展。

  深化国资国企改革，完善管理监督体制机制，增强各有关管理部门战略协同，推进国有经济布局优化和结构调整，推动国有资本和国有企业做强做优做大，增强核心功能，提升核心竞争力。进一步明晰不同类型国有企业功能定位，完善主责主业管理，明确国有资本重点投资领域和方向。推动国有资本向关系国家安全、国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域集中，向关系国计民生的公共服务、应急能力、公益性领域等集中，向前瞻性战略性新兴产业集中。健全国有企业推进原始创新制度安排。深化国有资本投资、运营公司改革。建立国有企业履行战略使命评价制度，完善国有企业分类考核评价体系，开展国有经济增加值核算。推进能源、铁路、电信、水利、公用事业等行业自然垄断环节独立运营和竞争性环节市场化改革，健全监管体制机制。

  坚持致力于为非公有制经济发展营造良好环境和提供更多机会的方针政策。制定民营经济促进法。深入破除市场准入壁垒，推进基础设施竞争性领域向经营主体公平开放，完善民营企业参与国家重大项目建设长效机制。支持有能力的民营企业牵头承担国家重大技术攻关任务，向民营企业进一步开放国家重大科研基础设施。完善民营企业融资支持政策制度，破解融资难、融资贵问题。健全涉企收费长效监管和拖欠企业账款清偿法律法规体系。加快建立民营企业信用状况综合评价体系，健全民营中小企业增信制度。支持引导民营企业完善治理结构和管理制度，加强企业合规建设和廉洁风险防控。加强事中事后监管，规范涉民营企业行政检查。

  完善中国特色现代企业制度，弘扬企业家精神，支持和引导各类企业提高资源要素利用效率和经营管理水平、履行社会责任，加快建设更多世界一流企业。

  （6）构建全国统一大市场。推动市场基础制度规则统一、市场监管公平统一、市场设施高标准联通。加强公平竞争审查刚性约束，强化反垄断和反不正当竞争，清理和废除妨碍全国统一市场和公平竞争的各种规定和做法。规范地方招商引资法规制度，严禁违法违规给予政策优惠行为。建立健全统一规范、信息共享的招标投标和政府、事业单位、国有企业采购等公共资源交易平台体系，实现项目全流程公开管理。提升市场综合监管能力和水平。健全国家标准体系，深化地方标准管理制度改革。

  完善要素市场制度和规则，推动生产要素畅通流动、各类资源高效配置、市场潜力充分释放。构建城乡统一的建设用地市场。完善促进资本市场规范发展基础制度。培育全国一体化技术和数据市场。完善主要由市场供求关系决定要素价格机制，防止政府对价格形成的不当干预。健全劳动、资本、土地、知识、技术、管理、数据等生产要素由市场评价贡献、按贡献决定报酬的机制。推进水、能源、交通等领域价格改革，优化居民阶梯水价、电价、气价制度，完善成品油定价机制。

  完善流通体制，加快发展物联网，健全一体衔接的流通规则和标准，降低全社会物流成本。深化能源管理体制改革，建设全国统一电力市场，优化油气管网运行调度机制。

  加快培育完整内需体系，建立政府投资支持基础性、公益性、长远性重大项目建设长效机制，健全政府投资有效带动社会投资体制机制，深化投资审批制度改革，完善激发社会资本投资活力和促进投资落地机制，形成市场主导的有效投资内生增长机制。完善扩大消费长效机制，减少限制性措施，合理增加公共消费，积极推进首发经济。

  （7）完善市场经济基础制度。完善产权制度，依法平等长久保护各种所有制经济产权，建立高效的知识产权综合管理体制。完善市场信息披露制度，构建商业秘密保护制度。对侵犯各种所有制经济产权和合法利益的行为实行同责同罪同罚，完善惩罚性赔偿制度。加强产权执法司法保护，防止和纠正利用行政、刑事手段干预经济纠纷，健全依法甄别纠正涉企冤错案件机制。

  完善市场准入制度，优化新业态新领域市场准入环境。深化注册资本认缴登记制度改革，实行依法按期认缴。健全企业破产机制，探索建立个人破产制度，推进企业注销配套改革，完善企业退出制度。健全社会信用体系和监管制度。

  三、健全推动经济高质量发展体制机制

  高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。必须以新发展理念引领改革，立足新发展阶段，深化供给侧结构性改革，完善推动高质量发展激励约束机制，塑造发展新动能新优势。

  （8）健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制。推动技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级，推动劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象优化组合和更新跃升，催生新产业、新模式、新动能，发展以高技术、高效能、高质量为特征的生产力。加强关键共性技术、前沿引领技术、现代工程技术、颠覆性技术创新，加强新领域新赛道制度供给，建立未来产业投入增长机制，完善推动新一代信息技术、人工智能、航空航天、新能源、新材料、高端装备、生物医药、量子科技等战略性产业发展政策和治理体系，引导新兴产业健康有序发展。以国家标准提升引领传统产业优化升级，支持企业用数智技术、绿色技术改造提升传统产业。强化环保、安全等制度约束。

  健全相关规则和政策，加快形成同新质生产力更相适应的生产关系，促进各类先进生产要素向发展新质生产力集聚，大幅提升全要素生产率。鼓励和规范发展天使投资、风险投资、私募股权投资，更好发挥政府投资基金作用，发展耐心资本。

  （9）健全促进实体经济和数字经济深度融合制度。加快推进新型工业化，培育壮大先进制造业集群，推动制造业高端化、智能化、绿色化发展。建设一批行业共性技术平台，加快产业模式和企业组织形态变革，健全提升优势产业领先地位体制机制。优化重大产业基金运作和监管机制，确保资金投向符合国家战略要求。建立保持制造业合理比重投入机制，合理降低制造业综合成本和税费负担。

  加快构建促进数字经济发展体制机制，完善促进数字产业化和产业数字化政策体系。加快新一代信息技术全方位全链条普及应用，发展工业互联网，打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群。促进平台经济创新发展，健全平台经济常态化监管制度。建设和运营国家数据基础设施，促进数据共享。加快建立数据产权归属认定、市场交易、权益分配、利益保护制度，提升数据安全治理监管能力，建立高效便利安全的数据跨境流动机制。

  （10）完善发展服务业体制机制。完善支持服务业发展政策体系，优化服务业核算，推进服务业标准化建设。聚焦重点环节分领域推进生产性服务业高质量发展，发展产业互联网平台，破除跨地区经营行政壁垒，推进生产性服务业融合发展。健全加快生活性服务业多样化发展机制。完善中介服务机构法规制度体系，促进中介服务机构诚实守信、依法履责。

  （11）健全现代化基础设施建设体制机制。构建新型基础设施规划和标准体系，健全新型基础设施融合利用机制，推进传统基础设施数字化改造，拓宽多元化投融资渠道，健全重大基础设施建设协调机制。深化综合交通运输体系改革，推进铁路体制改革，发展通用航空和低空经济，推动收费公路政策优化。提高航运保险承保能力和全球服务水平，推进海事仲裁制度规则创新。健全重大水利工程建设、运行、管理机制。

  （12）健全提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平制度。抓紧打造自主可控的产业链供应链，健全强化集成电路、工业母机、医疗装备、仪器仪表、基础软件、工业软件、先进材料等重点产业链发展体制机制，全链条推进技术攻关、成果应用。建立产业链供应链安全风险评估和应对机制。完善产业在国内梯度有序转移的协作机制，推动转出地和承接地利益共享。建设国家战略腹地和关键产业备份。加快完善国家储备体系。完善战略性矿产资源探产供储销统筹和衔接体系。

  四、构建支持全面创新体制机制

  教育、科技、人才是中国式现代化的基础性、战略性支撑。必须深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略，统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，健全新型举国体制，提升国家创新体系整体效能。

  （13）深化教育综合改革。加快建设高质量教育体系，统筹推进育人方式、办学模式、管理体制、保障机制改革。完善立德树人机制，推进大中小学思政课一体化改革创新，健全德智体美劳全面培养体系，提升教师教书育人能力，健全师德师风建设长效机制，深化教育评价改革。优化高等教育布局，加快建设中国特色、世界一流的大学和优势学科。分类推进高校改革，建立科技发展、国家战略需求牵引的学科设置调整机制和人才培养模式，超常布局急需学科专业，加强基础学科、新兴学科、交叉学科建设和拔尖人才培养，着力加强创新能力培养。完善高校科技创新机制，提高成果转化效能。强化科技教育和人文教育协同。加快构建职普融通、产教融合的职业教育体系。完善学生实习实践制度。引导规范民办教育发展。推进高水平教育开放，鼓励国外高水平理工类大学来华合作办学。

  优化区域教育资源配置，建立同人口变化相协调的基本公共教育服务供给机制。完善义务教育优质均衡推进机制，探索逐步扩大免费教育范围。健全学前教育和特殊教育、专门教育保障机制。推进教育数字化，赋能学习型社会建设，加强终身教育保障。

  （14）深化科技体制改革。坚持面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求、面向人民生命健康，优化重大科技创新组织机制，统筹强化关键核心技术攻关，推动科技创新力量、要素配置、人才队伍体系化、建制化、协同化。加强国家战略科技力量建设，完善国家实验室体系，优化国家科研机构、高水平研究型大学、科技领军企业定位和布局，推进科技创新央地协同，统筹各类科创平台建设，鼓励和规范发展新型研发机构，发挥我国超大规模市场引领作用，加强创新资源统筹和力量组织，推动科技创新和产业创新融合发展。构建科技安全风险监测预警和应对体系，加强科技基础条件自主保障。健全科技社团管理制度。扩大国际科技交流合作，鼓励在华设立国际科技组织，优化高校、科研院所、科技社团对外专业交流合作管理机制。

  改进科技计划管理，强化基础研究领域、交叉前沿领域、重点领域前瞻性、引领性布局。加强有组织的基础研究，提高科技支出用于基础研究比重，完善竞争性支持和稳定支持相结合的基础研究投入机制，鼓励有条件的地方、企业、社会组织、个人支持基础研究，支持基础研究选题多样化，鼓励开展高风险、高价值基础研究。深化科技评价体系改革，加强科技伦理治理，严肃整治学术不端行为。

  强化企业科技创新主体地位，建立培育壮大科技领军企业机制，加强企业主导的产学研深度融合，建立企业研发准备金制度，支持企业主动牵头或参与国家科技攻关任务。构建促进专精特新中小企业发展壮大机制。鼓励科技型中小企业加大研发投入，提高研发费用加计扣除比例。鼓励和引导高校、科研院所按照先使用后付费方式把科技成果许可给中小微企业使用。

  完善中央财政科技经费分配和管理使用机制，健全中央财政科技计划执行和专业机构管理体制。扩大财政科研项目经费“包干制”范围，赋予科学家更大技术路线决定权、更大经费支配权、更大资源调度权。建立专家实名推荐的非共识项目筛选机制。允许科研类事业单位实行比一般事业单位更灵活的管理制度，探索实行企业化管理。

  深化科技成果转化机制改革，加强国家技术转移体系建设，加快布局建设一批概念验证、中试验证平台，完善首台（套）、首批次、首版次应用政策，加大政府采购自主创新产品力度。加强技术经理人队伍建设。

  允许科技人员在科技成果转化收益分配上有更大自主权，建立职务科技成果资产单列管理制度，深化职务科技成果赋权改革。深化高校、科研院所收入分配改革。允许更多符合条件的国有企业以创新创造为导向，在科研人员中开展多种形式中长期激励。

  构建同科技创新相适应的科技金融体制，加强对国家重大科技任务和科技型中小企业的金融支持，完善长期资本投早、投小、投长期、投硬科技的支持政策。健全重大技术攻关风险分散机制，建立科技保险政策体系。提高外资在华开展股权投资、风险投资便利性。

  （15）深化人才发展体制机制改革。实施更加积极、更加开放、更加有效的人才政策，完善人才自主培养机制，加快建设国家高水平人才高地和吸引集聚人才平台。加快建设国家战略人才力量，着力培养造就战略科学家、一流科技领军人才和创新团队，着力培养造就卓越工程师、大国工匠、高技能人才，提高各类人才素质。建设一流产业技术工人队伍。完善人才有序流动机制，促进人才区域合理布局，深化东中西部人才协作。完善青年创新人才发现、选拔、培养机制，更好保障青年科技人员待遇。健全保障科研人员专心科研制度。

  强化人才激励机制，坚持向用人主体授权、为人才松绑。建立以创新能力、质量、实效、贡献为导向的人才评价体系。打通高校、科研院所和企业人才交流通道。完善海外引进人才支持保障机制，形成具有国际竞争力的人才制度体系。探索建立高技术人才移民制度。

  五、健全宏观经济治理体系

  科学的宏观调控、有效的政府治理是发挥社会主义市场经济体制优势的内在要求。必须完善宏观调控制度体系，统筹推进财税、金融等重点领域改革，增强宏观政策取向一致性。

  （16）完善国家战略规划体系和政策统筹协调机制。构建国家战略制定和实施机制，加强国家重大战略深度融合，增强国家战略宏观引导、统筹协调功能。健全国家经济社会发展规划制度体系，强化规划衔接落实机制，发挥国家发展规划战略导向作用，强化国土空间规划基础作用，增强专项规划和区域规划实施支撑作用。健全专家参与公共决策制度。

  围绕实施国家发展规划、重大战略促进财政、货币、产业、价格、就业等政策协同发力，优化各类增量资源配置和存量结构调整。探索实行国家宏观资产负债表管理。把经济政策和非经济性政策都纳入宏观政策取向一致性评估。健全预期管理机制。健全支撑高质量发展的统计指标核算体系，加强新经济新领域纳统覆盖。加强产业活动单位统计基础建设，优化总部和分支机构统计办法，逐步推广经营主体活动发生地统计。健全国际宏观政策协调机制。

  （17）深化财税体制改革。健全预算制度，加强财政资源和预算统筹，把依托行政权力、政府信用、国有资源资产获取的收入全部纳入政府预算管理。完善国有资本经营预算和绩效评价制度，强化国家重大战略任务和基本民生财力保障。强化对预算编制和财政政策的宏观指导。加强公共服务绩效管理，强化事前功能评估。深化零基预算改革。统一预算分配权，提高预算管理统一性、规范性，完善预算公开和监督制度。完善权责发生制政府综合财务报告制度。

  健全有利于高质量发展、社会公平、市场统一的税收制度，优化税制结构。研究同新业态相适应的税收制度。全面落实税收法定原则，规范税收优惠政策，完善对重点领域和关键环节支持机制。健全直接税体系，完善综合和分类相结合的个人所得税制度，规范经营所得、资本所得、财产所得税收政策，实行劳动性所得统一征税。深化税收征管改革。

  建立权责清晰、财力协调、区域均衡的中央和地方财政关系。增加地方自主财力，拓展地方税源，适当扩大地方税收管理权限。完善财政转移支付体系，清理规范专项转移支付，增加一般性转移支付，提升市县财力同事权相匹配程度。建立促进高质量发展转移支付激励约束机制。推进消费税征收环节后移并稳步下划地方，完善增值税留抵退税政策和抵扣链条，优化共享税分享比例。研究把城市维护建设税、教育费附加、地方教育附加合并为地方附加税，授权地方在一定幅度内确定具体适用税率。合理扩大地方政府专项债券支持范围，适当扩大用作资本金的领域、规模、比例。完善政府债务管理制度，建立全口径地方债务监测监管体系和防范化解隐性债务风险长效机制，加快地方融资平台改革转型。规范非税收入管理，适当下沉部分非税收入管理权限，由地方结合实际差别化管理。

  适当加强中央事权、提高中央财政支出比例。中央财政事权原则上通过中央本级安排支出，减少委托地方代行的中央财政事权。不得违规要求地方安排配套资金，确需委托地方行使事权的，通过专项转移支付安排资金。

  （18）深化金融体制改革。加快完善中央银行制度，畅通货币政策传导机制。积极发展科技金融、绿色金融、普惠金融、养老金融、数字金融，加强对重大战略、重点领域、薄弱环节的优质金融服务。完善金融机构定位和治理，健全服务实体经济的激励约束机制。发展多元股权融资，加快多层次债券市场发展，提高直接融资比重。优化国有金融资本管理体制。

  健全投资和融资相协调的资本市场功能，防风险、强监管，促进资本市场健康稳定发展。支持长期资金入市。提高上市公司质量，强化上市公司监管和退市制度。建立增强资本市场内在稳定性长效机制。完善大股东、实际控制人行为规范约束机制。完善上市公司分红激励约束机制。健全投资者保护机制。推动区域性股权市场规则对接、标准统一。

  制定金融法。完善金融监管体系，依法将所有金融活动纳入监管，强化监管责任和问责制度，加强中央和地方监管协同。建设安全高效的金融基础设施，统一金融市场登记托管、结算清算规则制度，建立风险早期纠正硬约束制度，筑牢有效防控系统性风险的金融稳定保障体系。健全金融消费者保护和打击非法金融活动机制，构建产业资本和金融资本“防火墙”。推动金融高水平开放，稳慎扎实推进人民币国际化，发展人民币离岸市场。稳妥推进数字人民币研发和应用。加快建设上海国际金融中心。

  完善准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理模式，支持符合条件的外资机构参与金融业务试点。稳慎拓展金融市场互联互通，优化合格境外投资者制度。推进自主可控的跨境支付体系建设，强化开放条件下金融安全机制。建立统一的全口径外债监管体系。积极参与国际金融治理。

  （19）完善实施区域协调发展战略机制。构建优势互补的区域经济布局和国土空间体系。健全推动西部大开发形成新格局、东北全面振兴取得新突破、中部地区加快崛起、东部地区加快推进现代化的制度和政策体系。推动京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区等地区更好发挥高质量发展动力源作用，优化长江经济带发展、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展机制。高标准高质量推进雄安新区建设。推动成渝地区双城经济圈建设走深走实。健全主体功能区制度体系，强化国土空间优化发展保障机制。完善区域一体化发展机制，构建跨行政区合作发展新机制，深化东中西部产业协作。完善促进海洋经济发展体制机制。

  六、完善城乡融合发展体制机制

  城乡融合发展是中国式现代化的必然要求。必须统筹新型工业化、新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴，全面提高城乡规划、建设、治理融合水平，促进城乡要素平等交换、双向流动，缩小城乡差别，促进城乡共同繁荣发展。

  （20）健全推进新型城镇化体制机制。构建产业升级、人口集聚、城镇发展良性互动机制。推行由常住地登记户口提供基本公共服务制度，推动符合条件的农业转移人口社会保险、住房保障、随迁子女义务教育等享有同迁入地户籍人口同等权利，加快农业转移人口市民化。保障进城落户农民合法土地权益，依法维护进城落户农民的土地承包权、宅基地使用权、集体收益分配权，探索建立自愿有偿退出的办法。

  坚持人民城市人民建、人民城市为人民。健全城市规划体系，引导大中小城市和小城镇协调发展、集约紧凑布局。深化城市建设、运营、治理体制改革，加快转变城市发展方式。推动形成超大特大城市智慧高效治理新体系，建立都市圈同城化发展体制机制。深化赋予特大镇同人口和经济规模相适应的经济社会管理权改革。建立可持续的城市更新模式和政策法规，加强地下综合管廊建设和老旧管线改造升级，深化城市安全韧性提升行动。

  （21）巩固和完善农村基本经营制度。有序推进第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年试点，深化承包地所有权、承包权、经营权分置改革，发展农业适度规模经营。完善农业经营体系，完善承包地经营权流转价格形成机制，促进农民合作经营，推动新型农业经营主体扶持政策同带动农户增收挂钩。健全便捷高效的农业社会化服务体系。发展新型农村集体经济，构建产权明晰、分配合理的运行机制，赋予农民更加充分的财产权益。

  （22）完善强农惠农富农支持制度。坚持农业农村优先发展，完善乡村振兴投入机制。壮大县域富民产业，构建多元化食物供给体系，培育乡村新产业新业态。优化农业补贴政策体系，发展多层次农业保险。完善覆盖农村人口的常态化防止返贫致贫机制，建立农村低收入人口和欠发达地区分层分类帮扶制度。健全脱贫攻坚国家投入形成资产的长效管理机制。运用“千万工程”经验，健全推动乡村全面振兴长效机制。

  加快健全种粮农民收益保障机制，推动粮食等重要农产品价格保持在合理水平。统筹建立粮食产销区省际横向利益补偿机制，在主产区利益补偿上迈出实质步伐。统筹推进粮食购销和储备管理体制机制改革，建立监管新模式。健全粮食和食物节约长效机制。

  （23）深化土地制度改革。改革完善耕地占补平衡制度，各类耕地占用纳入统一管理，完善补充耕地质量验收机制，确保达到平衡标准。完善高标准农田建设、验收、管护机制。健全保障耕地用于种植基本农作物管理体系。允许农户合法拥有的住房通过出租、入股、合作等方式盘活利用。有序推进农村集体经营性建设用地入市改革，健全土地增值收益分配机制。

  优化土地管理，健全同宏观政策和区域发展高效衔接的土地管理制度，优先保障主导产业、重大项目合理用地，使优势地区有更大发展空间。建立新增城镇建设用地指标配置同常住人口增加协调机制。探索国家集中垦造耕地定向用于特定项目和地区落实占补平衡机制。优化城市工商业土地利用，加快发展建设用地二级市场，推动土地混合开发利用、用途合理转换，盘活存量土地和低效用地。开展各类产业园区用地专项治理。制定工商业用地使用权延期和到期后续期政策。

  七、完善高水平对外开放体制机制

  开放是中国式现代化的鲜明标识。必须坚持对外开放基本国策，坚持以开放促改革，依托我国超大规模市场优势，在扩大国际合作中提升开放能力，建设更高水平开放型经济新体制。

  （24）稳步扩大制度型开放。主动对接国际高标准经贸规则，在产权保护、产业补贴、环境标准、劳动保护、政府采购、电子商务、金融领域等实现规则、规制、管理、标准相通相容，打造透明稳定可预期的制度环境。扩大自主开放，有序扩大我国商品市场、服务市场、资本市场、劳务市场等对外开放，扩大对最不发达国家单边开放。深化援外体制机制改革，实现全链条管理。

  维护以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制，积极参与全球经济治理体系改革，提供更多全球公共产品。扩大面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络，建立同国际通行规则衔接的合规机制，优化开放合作环境。

  （25）深化外贸体制改革。强化贸易政策和财税、金融、产业政策协同，打造贸易强国制度支撑和政策支持体系，加快内外贸一体化改革，积极应对贸易数字化、绿色化趋势。推进通关、税务、外汇等监管创新，营造有利于新业态新模式发展的制度环境。创新发展数字贸易，推进跨境电商综合试验区建设。建设大宗商品交易中心，建设全球集散分拨中心，支持各类主体有序布局海外流通设施，支持有条件的地区建设国际物流枢纽中心和大宗商品资源配置枢纽。健全贸易风险防控机制，完善出口管制体系和贸易救济制度。

  创新提升服务贸易，全面实施跨境服务贸易负面清单，推进服务业扩大开放综合试点示范，鼓励专业服务机构提升国际化服务能力。加快推进离岸贸易发展，发展新型离岸国际贸易业务。建立健全跨境金融服务体系，丰富金融产品和服务供给。

  （26）深化外商投资和对外投资管理体制改革。营造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境，依法保护外商投资权益。扩大鼓励外商投资产业目录，合理缩减外资准入负面清单，落实全面取消制造业领域外资准入限制措施，推动电信、互联网、教育、文化、医疗等领域有序扩大开放。深化外商投资促进体制机制改革，保障外资企业在要素获取、资质许可、标准制定、政府采购等方面的国民待遇，支持参与产业链上下游配套协作。完善境外人员入境居住、医疗、支付等生活便利制度。完善促进和保障对外投资体制机制，健全对外投资管理服务体系，推动产业链供应链国际合作。

  （27）优化区域开放布局。巩固东部沿海地区开放先导地位，提高中西部和东北地区开放水平，加快形成陆海内外联动、东西双向互济的全面开放格局。发挥沿海、沿边、沿江和交通干线等优势，优化区域开放功能分工，打造形态多样的开放高地。实施自由贸易试验区提升战略，鼓励首创性、集成式探索。加快建设海南自由贸易港。

  发挥“一国两制”制度优势，巩固提升香港国际金融、航运、贸易中心地位，支持香港、澳门打造国际高端人才集聚高地，健全香港、澳门在国家对外开放中更好发挥作用机制。深化粤港澳大湾区合作，强化规则衔接、机制对接。完善促进两岸经济文化交流合作制度和政策，深化两岸融合发展。

  （28）完善推进高质量共建“一带一路”机制。继续实施“一带一路”科技创新行动计划，加强绿色发展、数字经济、人工智能、能源、税收、金融、减灾等领域的多边合作平台建设。完善陆海天网一体化布局，构建“一带一路”立体互联互通网络。统筹推进重大标志性工程和“小而美”民生项目。

  八、健全全过程人民民主制度体系

  发展全过程人民民主是中国式现代化的本质要求。必须坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，坚持和完善我国根本政治制度、基本政治制度、重要政治制度，丰富各层级民主形式，把人民当家作主具体、现实体现到国家政治生活和社会生活各方面。

  （29）加强人民当家作主制度建设。坚持好、完善好、运行好人民代表大会制度。健全人大对行政机关、监察机关、审判机关、检察机关监督制度，完善监督法及其实施机制，强化人大预算决算审查监督和国有资产管理、政府债务管理监督。健全人大议事规则和论证、评估、评议、听证制度。丰富人大代表联系人民群众的内容和形式。健全吸纳民意、汇集民智工作机制。发挥工会、共青团、妇联等群团组织联系服务群众的桥梁纽带作用。

  （30）健全协商民主机制。发挥人民政协作为专门协商机构作用，健全深度协商互动、意见充分表达、广泛凝聚共识的机制，加强人民政协反映社情民意、联系群众、服务人民机制建设。完善人民政协民主监督机制。

  完善协商民主体系，丰富协商方式，健全政党协商、人大协商、政府协商、政协协商、人民团体协商、基层协商以及社会组织协商制度化平台，加强各种协商渠道协同配合。健全协商于决策之前和决策实施之中的落实机制，完善协商成果采纳、落实、反馈机制。

  （31）健全基层民主制度。健全基层党组织领导的基层群众自治机制，完善基层民主制度体系和工作体系，拓宽基层各类组织和群众有序参与基层治理渠道。完善办事公开制度。健全以职工代表大会为基本形式的企事业单位民主管理制度，完善企业职工参与管理的有效形式。

  （32）完善大统战工作格局。完善发挥统一战线凝聚人心、汇聚力量政治作用的政策举措。坚持好、发展好、完善好中国新型政党制度。更好发挥党外人士作用，健全党外代表人士队伍建设制度。制定民族团结进步促进法，健全铸牢中华民族共同体意识制度机制，增强中华民族凝聚力。系统推进我国宗教中国化，加强宗教事务治理法治化。完善党外知识分子和新的社会阶层人士政治引领机制。全面构建亲清政商关系，健全促进非公有制经济健康发展、非公有制经济人士健康成长工作机制。完善港澳台和侨务工作机制。

  九、完善中国特色社会主义法治体系

  法治是中国式现代化的重要保障。必须全面贯彻实施宪法，维护宪法权威，协同推进立法、执法、司法、守法各环节改革，健全法律面前人人平等保障机制，弘扬社会主义法治精神，维护社会公平正义，全面推进国家各方面工作法治化。

  （33）深化立法领域改革。完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系，健全保证宪法全面实施制度体系，建立宪法实施情况报告制度。完善党委领导、人大主导、政府依托、各方参与的立法工作格局。统筹立改废释纂，加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法，完善合宪性审查、备案审查制度，提高立法质量。探索区域协同立法。健全党内法规同国家法律法规衔接协调机制。建设全国统一的法律法规和规范性文件信息平台。

  （34）深入推进依法行政。推进政府机构、职能、权限、程序、责任法定化，促进政务服务标准化、规范化、便利化，完善覆盖全国的一体化在线政务服务平台。完善重大决策、规范性文件合法性审查机制。加强政府立法审查。深化行政执法体制改革，完善基层综合执法体制机制，健全行政执法监督体制机制。完善行政处罚等领域行政裁量权基准制度，推动行政执法标准跨区域衔接。完善行政处罚和刑事处罚双向衔接制度。健全行政复议体制机制。完善行政裁决制度。完善垂直管理体制和地方分级管理体制，健全垂直管理机构和地方协作配合机制。稳妥推进人口小县机构优化。深化开发区管理制度改革。优化事业单位结构布局，强化公益性。

  （35）健全公正执法司法体制机制。健全监察机关、公安机关、检察机关、审判机关、司法行政机关各司其职，监察权、侦查权、检察权、审判权、执行权相互配合、相互制约的体制机制，确保执法司法各环节全过程在有效制约监督下运行。深化审判权和执行权分离改革，健全国家执行体制，强化当事人、检察机关和社会公众对执行活动的全程监督。完善执法司法救济保护制度，完善国家赔偿制度。深化和规范司法公开，落实和完善司法责任制。规范专门法院设置。深化行政案件级别管辖、集中管辖、异地管辖改革。构建协同高效的警务体制机制，推进地方公安机关机构编制管理改革，继续推进民航公安机关和海关缉私部门管理体制改革。规范警务辅助人员管理制度。

  坚持正确人权观，加强人权执法司法保障，完善事前审查、事中监督、事后纠正等工作机制，完善涉及公民人身权利强制措施以及查封、扣押、冻结等强制措施的制度，依法查处利用职权徇私枉法、非法拘禁、刑讯逼供等犯罪行为。推进刑事案件律师辩护全覆盖。建立轻微犯罪记录封存制度。

  （36）完善推进法治社会建设机制。健全覆盖城乡的公共法律服务体系，深化律师制度、公证体制、仲裁制度、调解制度、司法鉴定管理体制改革。改进法治宣传教育，完善以实践为导向的法学院校教育培养机制。加强和改进未成年人权益保护，强化未成年人犯罪预防和治理，制定专门矫治教育规定。

  （37）加强涉外法治建设。建立一体推进涉外立法、执法、司法、守法和法律服务、法治人才培养的工作机制。完善涉外法律法规体系和法治实施体系，深化执法司法国际合作。完善涉外民事法律关系中当事人依法约定管辖、选择适用域外法等司法审判制度。健全国际商事仲裁和调解制度，培育国际一流仲裁机构、律师事务所。积极参与国际规则制定。

  十、深化文化体制机制改革

  中国式现代化是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化。必须增强文化自信，发展社会主义先进文化，弘扬革命文化，传承中华优秀传统文化，加快适应信息技术迅猛发展新形势，培育形成规模宏大的优秀文化人才队伍，激发全民族文化创新创造活力。

  （38）完善意识形态工作责任制。健全用党的创新理论武装全党、教育人民、指导实践工作体系，完善党委（党组）理论学习中心组学习制度，完善思想政治工作体系。创新马克思主义理论研究和建设工程，实施哲学社会科学创新工程，构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系。完善新闻发言人制度。构建适应全媒体生产传播工作机制和评价体系，推进主流媒体系统性变革。完善舆论引导机制和舆情应对协同机制。

  推动理想信念教育常态化制度化。完善培育和践行社会主义核心价值观制度机制。改进创新文明培育、文明实践、文明创建工作机制。实施文明乡风建设工程。优化英模人物宣传学习机制，创新爱国主义教育和各类群众性主题活动组织机制，推动全社会崇尚英雄、缅怀先烈、争做先锋。构建中华传统美德传承体系，健全社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德、个人品德建设体制机制，健全诚信建设长效机制，教育引导全社会自觉遵守法律、遵循公序良俗，坚决反对拜金主义、享乐主义、极端个人主义和历史虚无主义。形成网上思想道德教育分众化、精准化实施机制。建立健全道德领域突出问题协同治理机制，完善“扫黄打非”长效机制。

  （39）优化文化服务和文化产品供给机制。完善公共文化服务体系，建立优质文化资源直达基层机制，健全社会力量参与公共文化服务机制，推进公共文化设施所有权和使用权分置改革。深化文化领域国资国企改革，分类推进文化事业单位深化内部改革，完善文艺院团建设发展机制。

  坚持以人民为中心的创作导向，坚持出成果和出人才相结合、抓作品和抓环境相贯通，改进文艺创作生产服务、引导、组织工作机制。健全文化产业体系和市场体系，完善文化经济政策。探索文化和科技融合的有效机制，加快发展新型文化业态。深化文化领域行政审批备案制度改革，加强事中事后监管。深化文娱领域综合治理。

  建立文化遗产保护传承工作协调机构，建立文化遗产保护督察制度，推动文化遗产系统性保护和统一监管。构建中华文明标识体系。健全文化和旅游深度融合发展体制机制。完善全民健身公共服务体系，改革完善竞技体育管理体制和运行机制。

  （40）健全网络综合治理体系。深化网络管理体制改革，整合网络内容建设和管理职能，推进新闻宣传和网络舆论一体化管理。完善生成式人工智能发展和管理机制。加强网络空间法治建设，健全网络生态治理长效机制，健全未成年人网络保护工作体系。

  （41）构建更有效力的国际传播体系。推进国际传播格局重构，深化主流媒体国际传播机制改革创新，加快构建多渠道、立体式对外传播格局。加快构建中国话语和中国叙事体系，全面提升国际传播效能。建设全球文明倡议践行机制。推动走出去、请进来管理便利化，扩大国际人文交流合作。

  十一、健全保障和改善民生制度体系

  在发展中保障和改善民生是中国式现代化的重大任务。必须坚持尽力而为、量力而行，完善基本公共服务制度体系，加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，解决好人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，不断满足人民对美好生活的向往。

  （42）完善收入分配制度。构建初次分配、再分配、第三次分配协调配套的制度体系，提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。完善劳动者工资决定、合理增长、支付保障机制，健全按要素分配政策制度。完善税收、社会保障、转移支付等再分配调节机制。支持发展公益慈善事业。

  规范收入分配秩序，规范财富积累机制，多渠道增加城乡居民财产性收入，形成有效增加低收入群体收入、稳步扩大中等收入群体规模、合理调节过高收入的制度体系。深化国有企业工资决定机制改革，合理确定并严格规范国有企业各级负责人薪酬、津贴补贴等。

  （43）完善就业优先政策。健全高质量充分就业促进机制，完善就业公共服务体系，着力解决结构性就业矛盾。完善高校毕业生、农民工、退役军人等重点群体就业支持体系，健全终身职业技能培训制度。统筹城乡就业政策体系，同步推进户籍、用人、档案等服务改革，优化创业促进就业政策环境，支持和规范发展新就业形态。完善促进机会公平制度机制，畅通社会流动渠道。完善劳动关系协商协调机制，加强劳动者权益保障。

  （44）健全社会保障体系。完善基本养老保险全国统筹制度，健全全国统一的社保公共服务平台。健全社保基金保值增值和安全监管体系。健全基本养老、基本医疗保险筹资和待遇合理调整机制，逐步提高城乡居民基本养老保险基础养老金。健全灵活就业人员、农民工、新就业形态人员社保制度，扩大失业、工伤、生育保险覆盖面，全面取消在就业地参保户籍限制，完善社保关系转移接续政策。加快发展多层次多支柱养老保险体系，扩大年金制度覆盖范围，推行个人养老金制度。发挥各类商业保险补充保障作用。推进基本医疗保险省级统筹，深化医保支付方式改革，完善大病保险和医疗救助制度，加强医保基金监管。健全社会救助体系。健全保障妇女儿童合法权益制度。完善残疾人社会保障制度和关爱服务体系。

  加快建立租购并举的住房制度，加快构建房地产发展新模式。加大保障性住房建设和供给，满足工薪群体刚性住房需求。支持城乡居民多样化改善性住房需求。充分赋予各城市政府房地产市场调控自主权，因城施策，允许有关城市取消或调减住房限购政策、取消普通住宅和非普通住宅标准。改革房地产开发融资方式和商品房预售制度。完善房地产税收制度。

  （45）深化医药卫生体制改革。实施健康优先发展战略，健全公共卫生体系，促进社会共治、医防协同、医防融合，强化监测预警、风险评估、流行病学调查、检验检测、应急处置、医疗救治等能力。促进医疗、医保、医药协同发展和治理。促进优质医疗资源扩容下沉和区域均衡布局，加快建设分级诊疗体系，推进紧密型医联体建设，强化基层医疗卫生服务。深化以公益性为导向的公立医院改革，建立以医疗服务为主导的收费机制，完善薪酬制度，建立编制动态调整机制。引导规范民营医院发展。创新医疗卫生监管手段。健全支持创新药和医疗器械发展机制，完善中医药传承创新发展机制。

  （46）健全人口发展支持和服务体系。以应对老龄化、少子化为重点完善人口发展战略，健全覆盖全人群、全生命周期的人口服务体系，促进人口高质量发展。完善生育支持政策体系和激励机制，推动建设生育友好型社会。有效降低生育、养育、教育成本，完善生育休假制度，建立生育补贴制度，提高基本生育和儿童医疗公共服务水平，加大个人所得税抵扣力度。加强普惠育幼服务体系建设，支持用人单位办托、社区嵌入式托育、家庭托育点等多种模式发展。把握人口流动客观规律，推动相关公共服务随人走，促进城乡、区域人口合理集聚、有序流动。

  积极应对人口老龄化，完善发展养老事业和养老产业政策机制。发展银发经济，创造适合老年人的多样化、个性化就业岗位。按照自愿、弹性原则，稳妥有序推进渐进式延迟法定退休年龄改革。优化基本养老服务供给，培育社区养老服务机构，健全公办养老机构运营机制，鼓励和引导企业等社会力量积极参与，推进互助性养老服务，促进医养结合。加快补齐农村养老服务短板。改善对孤寡、残障失能等特殊困难老年人的服务，加快建立长期护理保险制度。

  十二、深化生态文明体制改革

  中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化。必须完善生态文明制度体系，协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长，积极应对气候变化，加快完善落实绿水青山就是金山银山理念的体制机制。

  （47）完善生态文明基础体制。实施分区域、差异化、精准管控的生态环境管理制度，健全生态环境监测和评价制度。建立健全覆盖全域全类型、统一衔接的国土空间用途管制和规划许可制度。健全自然资源资产产权制度和管理制度体系，完善全民所有自然资源资产所有权委托代理机制，建立生态环境保护、自然资源保护利用和资产保值增值等责任考核监督制度。完善国家生态安全工作协调机制。编纂生态环境法典。

  （48）健全生态环境治理体系。推进生态环境治理责任体系、监管体系、市场体系、法律法规政策体系建设。完善精准治污、科学治污、依法治污制度机制，落实以排污许可制为核心的固定污染源监管制度，建立新污染物协同治理和环境风险管控体系，推进多污染物协同减排。深化环境信息依法披露制度改革，构建环境信用监管体系。推动重要流域构建上下游贯通一体的生态环境治理体系。全面推进以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设。

  落实生态保护红线管理制度，健全山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理机制，建设多元化生态保护修复投入机制。落实水资源刚性约束制度，全面推行水资源费改税。强化生物多样性保护工作协调机制。健全海洋资源开发保护制度。健全生态产品价值实现机制。深化自然资源有偿使用制度改革。推进生态综合补偿，健全横向生态保护补偿机制，统筹推进生态环境损害赔偿。

  （49）健全绿色低碳发展机制。实施支持绿色低碳发展的财税、金融、投资、价格政策和标准体系，发展绿色低碳产业，健全绿色消费激励机制，促进绿色低碳循环发展经济体系建设。优化政府绿色采购政策，完善绿色税制。完善资源总量管理和全面节约制度，健全废弃物循环利用体系。健全煤炭清洁高效利用机制。加快规划建设新型能源体系，完善新能源消纳和调控政策措施。完善适应气候变化工作体系。建立能耗双控向碳排放双控全面转型新机制。构建碳排放统计核算体系、产品碳标识认证制度、产品碳足迹管理体系，健全碳市场交易制度、温室气体自愿减排交易制度，积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和。

  十三、推进国家安全体系和能力现代化

  国家安全是中国式现代化行稳致远的重要基础。必须全面贯彻总体国家安全观，完善维护国家安全体制机制，实现高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动，切实保障国家长治久安。

  （50）健全国家安全体系。强化国家安全工作协调机制，完善国家安全法治体系、战略体系、政策体系、风险监测预警体系，完善重点领域安全保障体系和重要专项协调指挥体系。构建联动高效的国家安全防护体系，推进国家安全科技赋能。

  （51）完善公共安全治理机制。健全重大突发公共事件处置保障体系，完善大安全大应急框架下应急指挥机制，强化基层应急基础和力量，提高防灾减灾救灾能力。完善安全生产风险排查整治和责任倒查机制。完善食品药品安全责任体系。健全生物安全监管预警防控体系。加强网络安全体制建设，建立人工智能安全监管制度。

  （52）健全社会治理体系。坚持和发展新时代“枫桥经验”，健全党组织领导的自治、法治、德治相结合的城乡基层治理体系，完善共建共治共享的社会治理制度。探索建立全国统一的人口管理制度。健全社会工作体制机制，加强党建引领基层治理，加强社会工作者队伍建设，推动志愿服务体系建设。推进信访工作法治化。提高市域社会治理能力，强化市民热线等公共服务平台功能，健全“高效办成一件事”重点事项清单管理机制和常态化推进机制。健全社会心理服务体系和危机干预机制。健全发挥家庭家教家风建设在基层治理中作用的机制。深化行业协会商会改革。健全社会组织管理制度。

  健全乡镇（街道）职责和权力、资源相匹配制度，加强乡镇（街道）服务管理力量。完善社会治安整体防控体系，健全扫黑除恶常态化机制，依法严惩群众反映强烈的违法犯罪活动。

  （53）完善涉外国家安全机制。建立健全周边安全工作协调机制。强化海外利益和投资风险预警、防控、保护体制机制，深化安全领域国际执法合作，维护我国公民、法人在海外合法权益。健全反制裁、反干涉、反“长臂管辖”机制。健全维护海洋权益机制。完善参与全球安全治理机制。

  十四、持续深化国防和军队改革

  国防和军队现代化是中国式现代化的重要组成部分。必须坚持党对人民军队的绝对领导，深入实施改革强军战略，为如期实现建军一百年奋斗目标、基本实现国防和军队现代化提供有力保障。

  （54）完善人民军队领导管理体制机制。健全贯彻军委主席负责制的制度机制，深入推进政治建军。优化军委机关部门职能配置，健全战建备统筹推进机制，完善重大决策咨询评估机制，深化战略管理创新，完善军事治理体系。健全依法治军工作机制。完善作战战备、军事人力资源等领域配套政策制度。深化军队院校改革，推动院校内涵式发展。实施军队企事业单位调整改革。

  （55）深化联合作战体系改革。完善军委联合作战指挥中心职能，健全重大安全领域指挥功能，建立同中央和国家机关协调运行机制。优化战区联合作战指挥中心编成，完善任务部队联合作战指挥编组模式。加强网络信息体系建设运用统筹。构建新型军兵种结构布局，加快发展战略威慑力量，大力发展新域新质作战力量，统筹加强传统作战力量建设。优化武警部队力量编成。

  （56）深化跨军地改革。健全一体化国家战略体系和能力建设工作机制，完善涉军决策议事协调体制机制。健全国防建设军事需求提报和军地对接机制，完善国防动员体系。深化国防科技工业体制改革，优化国防科技工业布局，改进武器装备采购制度，建立军品设计回报机制，构建武器装备现代化管理体系。完善军地标准化工作统筹机制。加强航天、军贸等领域建设和管理统筹。优化边海防领导管理体制机制，完善党政军警民合力治边机制。深化民兵制度改革。完善双拥工作机制。

  十五、提高党对进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的领导水平

  党的领导是进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的根本保证。必须深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，保持以党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度自觉，坚持用改革精神和严的标准管党治党，完善党的自我革命制度规范体系，不断推进党的自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高，确保党始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。

  （57）坚持党中央对进一步全面深化改革的集中统一领导。党中央领导改革的总体设计、统筹协调、整体推进。完善党中央重大决策部署落实机制，确保党中央令行禁止。各级党委（党组）负责落实党中央决策部署，谋划推进本地区本部门改革，鼓励结合实际开拓创新，创造可复制、可推广的新鲜经验。走好新时代党的群众路线，把社会期盼、群众智慧、专家意见、基层经验充分吸收到改革设计中来。围绕解决突出矛盾设置改革议题，优化重点改革方案生成机制，坚持真理、修正错误，及时发现问题、纠正偏差。完善改革激励和舆论引导机制，营造良好改革氛围。

  （58）深化党的建设制度改革。以调动全党抓改革、促发展的积极性、主动性、创造性为着力点，完善党的建设制度机制。加强党的创新理论武装，建立健全以学铸魂、以学增智、以学正风、以学促干长效机制。深化干部人事制度改革，鲜明树立选人用人正确导向，大力选拔政治过硬、敢于担当、锐意改革、实绩突出、清正廉洁的干部，着力解决干部乱作为、不作为、不敢为、不善为问题。树立和践行正确政绩观，健全有效防范和纠治政绩观偏差工作机制。落实“三个区分开来”，激励干部开拓进取、干事创业。推进领导干部能上能下常态化，加大调整不适宜担任现职干部力度。健全常态化培训特别是基本培训机制，强化专业训练和实践锻炼，全面提高干部现代化建设能力。完善和落实领导干部任期制，健全领导班子主要负责人变动交接制度。增强党组织政治功能和组织功能。探索加强新经济组织、新社会组织、新就业群体党的建设有效途径。完善党员教育管理、作用发挥机制。完善党内法规，增强党内法规权威性和执行力。

  （59）深入推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争。健全政治监督具体化、精准化、常态化机制。锲而不舍落实中央八项规定精神，健全防治形式主义、官僚主义制度机制。持续精简规范会议文件和各类创建示范、评比达标、节庆展会论坛活动，严格控制面向基层的督查、检查、考核总量，提高调研质量，下大气力解决过频过繁问题。制定乡镇（街道）履行职责事项清单，健全为基层减负长效机制。建立经常性和集中性相结合的纪律教育机制，深化运用监督执纪“四种形态”，综合发挥党的纪律教育约束、保障激励作用。

  完善一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐工作机制，着力铲除腐败滋生的土壤和条件。健全不正之风和腐败问题同查同治机制，深化整治权力集中、资金密集、资源富集领域腐败，严肃查处政商勾连破坏政治生态和经济发展环境问题，完善对重点行贿人的联合惩戒机制，丰富防治新型腐败和隐性腐败的有效办法。加强诬告行为治理。健全追逃防逃追赃机制。加强新时代廉洁文化建设。

  完善党和国家监督体系。强化全面从严治党主体责任和监督责任。健全加强对“一把手”和领导班子监督配套制度。完善权力配置和运行制约机制，反对特权思想和特权现象。推进执纪执法和刑事司法有机衔接。健全巡视巡察工作体制机制。优化监督检查和审查调查机构职能，完善垂直管理单位纪检监察体制，推进向中管企业全面派驻纪检监察组。深化基层监督体制机制改革。推进反腐败国家立法，修改监察法，出台反跨境腐败法。

  （60）以钉钉子精神抓好改革落实。对党中央进一步全面深化改革的决策部署，全党必须求真务实抓落实、敢作善为抓落实，坚持上下协同、条块结合，科学制定改革任务书、时间表、优先序，明确各项改革实施主体和责任，把重大改革落实情况纳入监督检查和巡视巡察内容，以实绩实效和人民群众满意度检验改革。

  中国式现代化是走和平发展道路的现代化。对外工作必须坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，推动构建人类命运共同体，践行全人类共同价值，落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，倡导平等有序的世界多极化、普惠包容的经济全球化，深化外事工作机制改革，参与引领全球治理体系改革和建设，坚定维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，为进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化营造良好外部环境。

  全党全军全国各族人民要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，高举改革开放旗帜，凝心聚力、奋发进取，为全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴而努力奋斗。

【责任编辑:刘笑冬】

Authorized Release | Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Modernization with Chinese Characteristics

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 21

Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Modernization with Chinese Characteristics

(Adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on July 18, 2024)

In order to implement the strategic deployment made at the 20th CPC National Congress, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee studied the issue of further comprehensively deepening reform and promoting modernization with Chinese characteristics, and made the following decision.

I. The Significance and Overall Requirements of Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Modernization with Chinese Characteristics

(1) The Importance and Necessity of Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform. Reform and opening up are important magic weapons for the cause of the Party and the people to catch up with the times. The Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee was epoch-making, opening a new era of reform and opening up and socialist modernization. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was also epoch-making, opening a new journey of comprehensively deepening reform and promoting reform with systematic and overall design in the new era, and creating a new situation for my country's reform and opening up.

The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has united and led the entire Party, the entire army and the people of all ethnic groups across the country. With great historical initiative, great political courage and strong sense of responsibility, it has broken through the shackles of ideas and concepts, broken through the barriers of vested interests, dared to advance into deep waters, dared to tackle tough problems and dared to wade through dangerous shoals, and resolutely eliminated the drawbacks of various systems and mechanisms, realizing the transformation of reform from local exploration and breaking through the ice to system integration and comprehensive deepening. The basic institutional framework in various fields has been basically established, and many fields have achieved historic changes, systematic remodeling and overall reconstruction. The reform tasks determined by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee have been generally completed, and the goal of achieving more mature and more established systems and significant results by the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Party has been achieved, providing a strong institutional guarantee for building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and achieving the Party’s first centenary goal, and promoting my country to embark on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.

The current and future period is a critical period for comprehensively promoting the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization. Chinese-style modernization is constantly advancing in reform and opening up, and will surely open up broad prospects in reform and opening up. In the face of the complicated international and domestic situation, the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and the new expectations of the people, we must continue to push forward reform. This is an inevitable requirement for upholding and improving the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity; it is an inevitable requirement for implementing the new development concept and better adapting to the changes in the main contradictions in our society; it is an inevitable requirement for adhering to the people-centered approach and making the fruits of modernization construction benefit all the people more and more equitably; it is an inevitable requirement for responding to major risks and challenges and promoting the steady and long-term development of the cause of the Party and the country; it is an inevitable requirement for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and winning the strategic initiative in the accelerated evolution of the century-old changes; it is an inevitable requirement for deepening the new great project of Party building in the new era and building a stronger and more powerful Marxist party. Reform and opening up are only in progress, not completed. The whole Party must consciously place reform in a more prominent position and further comprehensively deepen reform around promoting Chinese-style modernization.

(2) Guiding ideology for further comprehensively deepening reform. We should adhere to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of "Three Represents" and the Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly study and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of new ideas, new viewpoints and new propositions on comprehensively deepening reform, fully and accurately implement the new development concept, adhere to the general working principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, persist in emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keeping pace with the times, and seeking truth and being pragmatic, further liberate and develop social productive forces, stimulate and enhance social vitality, coordinate the domestic and international situations, coordinate the promotion of the "five-in-one" overall layout, coordinate the promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, take economic system reform as the driving force, take promoting social fairness and justice and improving people's well-being as the starting point and end point, pay more attention to system integration, pay more attention to highlighting key points, pay more attention to the actual results of reform, promote better adaptation between production relations and productive forces, superstructure and economic base, national governance and social development, and provide strong impetus and institutional guarantee for China's modernization.

(3) The overall goal of further comprehensively deepening reform. We should continue to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. By 2035, a high-level socialist market economic system will be fully established, the socialist system with Chinese characteristics will be further improved, the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity will be basically realized, and socialist modernization will be basically realized, laying a solid foundation for building a socialist modern power in an all-round way by the middle of this century.

—— Focus on building a high-level socialist market economic system, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better play the role of the government, adhere to and improve the socialist basic economic system, promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, promote high-level opening up, build a modern economic system, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, and promote high-quality development.

—— Focus on developing people's democracy throughout the process, adhere to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people's mastery of the country, and the rule of law, promote the improvement of the people's mastery system, the extensive and multi-level institutional development of consultative democracy, and the improvement of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, and the construction of a socialist rule of law country will reach a higher level.

—— Focus on building a socialist cultural power, adhere to the fundamental system of Marxism's guiding role in the field of ideology, improve the system and mechanism for the development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, promote cultural prosperity, enrich the people's spiritual and cultural life, and enhance the country's cultural soft power and the influence of Chinese culture.

—— Focus on improving the quality of life of the people, improving the income distribution and employment system, improving the social security system, enhancing the balance and accessibility of basic public services, and promoting more obvious and substantial progress in the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all people.

—— Focus on building a beautiful China, accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, improving the ecological environment governance system, promoting ecological priority, conservation and intensive development, green and low-carbon development, and promoting harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

—— Focus on building a safer China at a higher level, improving the national security system, strengthening the integrated national strategic system, enhancing the ability to maintain national security, innovating the social governance system, mechanisms and means, and effectively building a new security pattern.

—— Focus on improving the Party’s leadership level and long-term governance capabilities, innovating and improving leadership and governance methods, deepening the reform of the Party building system, and improving the comprehensive and strict governance system of the Party.

By 2029, the 80th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the reform tasks set out in this Decision shall be completed.

(4) Principles for further deepening reform in an all-round way. Summarize and apply the valuable experience of comprehensively deepening reform since the reform and opening up, especially in the new era, and implement the following principles: adhere to the overall leadership of the Party, firmly safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized and unified leadership, give full play to the Party's leading role in taking overall charge of the situation and coordinating all parties, and integrate the Party's leadership throughout the entire process of reform to ensure that reform always moves forward in the correct political direction; adhere to the people-centered approach, respect the people's dominant position and pioneering spirit, respond to the people's demands, and ensure that reform is for the people, relies on the people, and the fruits of reform are shared by the people; adhere to the principle of keeping the right direction and making innovations, unswervingly adhere to socialism with Chinese characteristics, keep pace with the times, adapt to the development of practice, highlight problem orientation, Promote theoretical innovation, practical innovation, institutional innovation, cultural innovation and other innovations at a new starting point; adhere to institutional construction as the main line, strengthen top-level design and overall planning, break and establish at the same time, establish first and then break, build a solid fundamental system, improve basic systems, and innovate important systems; adhere to the rule of law in an all-round way, deepen reforms and promote Chinese-style modernization on the track of the rule of law, achieve the unity of reform and the rule of law, major reforms are based on the law, and timely elevate the results of reforms to legal systems; adhere to the concept of system, handle major relationships such as economy and society, government and market, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, development and security, and enhance the systematic, holistic and coordinated nature of reform.

II. Build a high-level socialist market economic system

A high-level socialist market economic system is an important guarantee for modernization with Chinese characteristics. It is necessary to give better play to the role of the market mechanism, create a fairer and more dynamic market environment, optimize the efficiency of resource allocation and maximize benefits, both "let it live" and "control it", better maintain market order, make up for market failures, smooth the circulation of the national economy, and stimulate the endogenous motivation and innovative vitality of the whole society.

(5) Adhere to and implement the "two unshakable" principles. Unshakably consolidate and develop the public economy, unshakably encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public economy, ensure that all types of economic ownership can use production factors equally in accordance with the law, participate in market competition fairly and receive equal legal protection, and promote the complementary advantages and common development of all types of economic ownership.

Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, improve the management and supervision system and mechanism, enhance the strategic coordination of relevant management departments, promote the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, promote the strengthening, optimization and expansion of state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises, enhance core functions and enhance core competitiveness. Further clarify the functional positioning of different types of state-owned enterprises, improve the management of main responsibilities and main businesses, and clarify the key investment areas and directions of state-owned capital. Promote the concentration of state-owned capital in important industries and key areas related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy, in public services, emergency response capabilities, public welfare areas related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and in forward-looking strategic emerging industries. Improve the institutional arrangements for promoting original innovation in state-owned enterprises. Deepen the reform of state-owned capital investment and operation companies. Establish an evaluation system for state-owned enterprises to fulfill their strategic missions, improve the classification assessment and evaluation system for state-owned enterprises, and carry out value-added accounting for the state-owned economy. Promote the independent operation of natural monopoly links and market-oriented reform of competitive links in industries such as energy, railways, telecommunications, water conservancy, and public utilities, and improve the regulatory system and mechanism.

Adhere to the policy of creating a good environment and providing more opportunities for the development of the non-public economy. Formulate a law to promote the private economy. Deeply break down market access barriers, promote fair opening of competitive infrastructure fields to business entities, and improve the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in the construction of major national projects. Support capable private enterprises to take the lead in undertaking major national technological research tasks, and further open up major national scientific research infrastructure to private enterprises. Improve the policy system for supporting private enterprise financing and solve the problems of difficult and expensive financing. Improve the legal and regulatory system for long-term supervision of enterprise-related charges and repayment of overdue accounts. Accelerate the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for the credit status of private enterprises and improve the credit enhancement system for private small and medium-sized enterprises. Support and guide private enterprises to improve their governance structure and management system, strengthen corporate compliance construction and integrity risk prevention and control. Strengthen in-process and post-event supervision and standardize administrative inspections involving private enterprises.

Improve the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics, promote the entrepreneurial spirit, support and guide all types of enterprises to improve the efficiency of resource utilization and management level, fulfill social responsibilities, and accelerate the construction of more world-class enterprises.

(6) Build a unified national market. Promote the unification of market basic system rules, fair and unified market supervision, and high-standard interconnection of market facilities. Strengthen the rigid constraints of fair competition review, strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition, and clean up and abolish various regulations and practices that hinder the national unified market and fair competition. Standardize local investment promotion laws and regulations, and strictly prohibit illegal and irregular policy preferences. Establish and improve a unified and standardized, information-sharing bidding and government, public institutions, state-owned enterprise procurement and other public resource trading platform system to achieve full-process open management of projects. Improve the comprehensive market supervision capacity and level. Improve the national standard system and deepen the reform of local standard management system.

Improve the system and rules of factor markets, promote the smooth flow of production factors, efficient allocation of various resources, and full release of market potential. Build a unified urban and rural construction land market. Improve the basic system to promote the standardized development of the capital market. Cultivate a national integrated technology and data market. Improve the mechanism for determining factor prices mainly by market supply and demand, and prevent the government from improperly intervening in price formation. Improve the mechanism for evaluating the contribution of production factors such as labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management, and data by the market and determining remuneration based on contribution. Promote price reform in the fields of water, energy, and transportation, optimize the system of tiered water, electricity, and gas prices for residents, and improve the pricing mechanism for refined oil products.

Improve the circulation system, accelerate the development of the Internet of Things, improve integrated circulation rules and standards, and reduce the logistics costs of the whole society. Deepen the reform of the energy management system, build a unified national electricity market, and optimize the operation and dispatching mechanism of oil and gas pipelines.

Accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, establish a long-term mechanism for government investment to support the construction of major basic, public welfare, and long-term projects, improve the system and mechanism for government investment to effectively drive social investment, deepen the reform of the investment approval system, improve the mechanism for stimulating the vitality of social capital investment and promoting investment landing, and form a market-led effective investment endogenous growth mechanism. Improve the long-term mechanism for expanding consumption, reduce restrictive measures, reasonably increase public consumption, and actively promote the initial public offering economy.

(7) Improve the basic system of the market economy. Improve the property rights system, protect economic property rights of all kinds of ownership equally and permanently according to law, and establish an efficient comprehensive intellectual property management system. Improve the market information disclosure system and build a trade secret protection system. Implement equal responsibility, equal crime and equal punishment for acts that infringe on economic property rights and legitimate interests of all kinds of ownership, and improve the punitive compensation system. Strengthen the law enforcement and judicial protection of property rights, prevent and correct the use of administrative and criminal means to interfere in economic disputes, and improve the mechanism for identifying and correcting wrongful cases involving enterprises in accordance with the law.

Improve the market access system and optimize the market access environment for new formats and new fields. Deepen the reform of the registered capital subscription registration system and implement the subscription on schedule in accordance with the law. Improve the enterprise bankruptcy mechanism, explore the establishment of a personal bankruptcy system, promote the supporting reform of enterprise cancellation, and improve the enterprise exit system. Improve the social credit system and supervision system.

III. Improve the system and mechanism for promoting high-quality economic development

High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country . It is necessary to lead the reform based around the new development concept, based on the current stage of development, deepen supply-side structural reform, improve the incentive and constraint mechanism for promoting high-quality development, and create new momentum and new advantages for development.

(8) Improve the system and mechanism for developing new (or high) quality productivity in accordance with local conditions. Promote revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep transformation and upgrading of industries, promote the optimal combination and renewal of workers, labor materials, and labor objects, give birth to new industries, new models, and new momentum, and develop productivity characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality. Strengthen innovation in key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technologies, strengthen the supply of systems in new fields and new tracks, establish a mechanism for future industrial investment growth, improve the policies and governance systems for promoting the development of strategic industries such as new generation information technology, artificial intelligence, aerospace, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, biomedicine, and quantum technology, and guide the healthy and orderly development of emerging industries. Lead the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries with the improvement of national standards, and support enterprises to transform and upgrade traditional industries with digital intelligence technology and green technology. Strengthen institutional constraints such as environmental protection and safety.

Improve relevant rules and policies to accelerate the formation of production that is more compatible with new quality productivity relationships, promote the aggregation of various advanced production factors to develop new quality productivity, and significantly improve total factor productivity. Encourage and regulate the development of angel investment, venture capital, and private equity investment, better play the role of government investment funds, and develop patient capital.

(9) Improve the system to promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy. Accelerate the promotion of new industrialization, cultivate and expand advanced manufacturing clusters, and promote the high-end, intelligent, and green development of manufacturing. Build a number of industry common technology platforms, accelerate the transformation of industrial models and corporate organizational forms, and improve the system and mechanism to enhance the leading position of advantageous industries. Optimize the operation and supervision mechanism of major industrial funds to ensure that the investment direction is in line with national strategic requirements. Establish a mechanism to maintain a reasonable proportion of investment in the manufacturing industry, and reasonably reduce the comprehensive cost and tax burden of the manufacturing industry.

Accelerate the construction of a system and mechanism to promote the development of the digital economy, and improve the policy system to promote digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. Accelerate the popularization and application of new generation information technology in all directions and throughout the entire chain, develop the industrial Internet, and create a digital industry cluster with international competitiveness. Promote the innovative development of the platform economy and improve the normalized supervision system of the platform economy. Build and operate national data infrastructure to promote data sharing. Accelerate the establishment of data property ownership recognition, market transactions, rights and interests distribution, and interest protection systems, enhance data security governance and supervision capabilities, and establish an efficient, convenient, and secure data cross-border flow mechanism.

(10) Improve the system and mechanism for the development of the service industry. Improve the policy system to support the development of the service industry, optimize the accounting of the service industry, and promote the standardization of the service industry. Focus on key links and fields to promote the high-quality development of productive services, develop industrial Internet platforms, break down cross-regional administrative barriers, and promote the integrated development of productive services. Improve the mechanism for accelerating the diversified development of life services. Improve the legal and regulatory system of intermediary service agencies, and promote intermediary service agencies to be honest and trustworthy and perform their duties in accordance with the law.

(11) Improve the system and mechanism for the construction of modern infrastructure. Build a new infrastructure planning and standard system, improve the mechanism for the integrated utilization of new infrastructure, promote the digital transformation of traditional infrastructure, broaden diversified investment and financing channels, and improve the coordination mechanism for the construction of major infrastructure. Deepen the reform of the comprehensive transportation system, promote the reform of the railway system, develop general aviation and low-altitude economy, and promote the optimization of toll road policies. Improve the underwriting capacity and global service level of shipping insurance, and promote the innovation of maritime arbitration system rules. Improve the construction, operation, and management mechanism of major water conservancy projects.

(12) Improve the system to enhance the resilience and security level of industrial chain and supply chain. We should speed up the construction of independent and controllable industrial chain and supply chain, improve and strengthen the development system and mechanism of key industrial chains such as integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, medical equipment, instrumentation, basic software, industrial software, and advanced materials, and promote technological breakthroughs and application of results throughout the chain. We should establish a risk assessment and response mechanism for industrial chain and supply chain security. We should improve the cooperation mechanism for the orderly transfer of industries in the country, and promote the sharing of interests between the transfer-out and receiving areas. We should build a national strategic hinterland and key industrial backup. We should speed up the improvement of the national reserve system. We should improve the coordination and connection system of exploration, production, supply, storage and marketing of strategic mineral resources.

IV. Build a system and mechanism to support comprehensive innovation

Education, science and technology, and talents are the basic and strategic support for China's modernization. We must thoroughly implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through talents, and the strategy of innovation-driven development, coordinate and promote the reform of the system and mechanism of education, science and technology, and talents, improve the new national system, and enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system.

(13) Deepen comprehensive reform of education. Accelerate the construction of a high-quality education system, and coordinate the reform of education methods, school-running models, management systems, and guarantee mechanisms. Improve the mechanism of establishing morality and cultivating people, promote the reform and innovation of the integrated ideological and political courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools, improve the comprehensive training system of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor, enhance teachers' teaching and educating abilities, improve the long-term mechanism for the construction of teachers' ethics, and deepen the reform of education evaluation. Optimize the layout of higher education, and accelerate the construction of universities and advantageous disciplines with Chinese characteristics and world-class. Promote the reform of universities in a classified manner, establish a discipline setting adjustment mechanism and talent training model driven by scientific and technological development and national strategic needs, make an extraordinary layout of urgently needed disciplines and majors, strengthen the construction of basic disciplines, emerging disciplines, and interdisciplinary disciplines, and the training of top talents, and focus on strengthening the cultivation of innovative capabilities. Improve the mechanism of scientific and technological innovation in universities and improve the efficiency of achievement transformation. Strengthen the coordination of science and technology education and humanities education. Accelerate the construction of a vocational education system that integrates vocational and general education and industry and education. Improve the internship and practice system for students. Guide and standardize the development of private education. Promote the opening up of high-level education, and encourage high-level foreign science and engineering universities to cooperate in running schools in China.

Optimize the allocation of regional education resources and establish a basic public education service supply mechanism that is coordinated with population changes. Improve the mechanism for promoting high-quality and balanced compulsory education, and explore ways to gradually expand the scope of free education. Improve the guarantee mechanism for preschool education, special education, and specialized education. Promote the digitalization of education, empower the construction of a learning society, and strengthen the guarantee of lifelong education.

(14) Deepen the reform of the science and technology system. Adhere to the world's scientific and technological frontiers, the main battlefield of the economy, the major needs of the country, and the people's life and health, optimize the organizational mechanism for major scientific and technological innovation, coordinate and strengthen the research and development of key core technologies, and promote the systematization, institutionalization, and coordination of scientific and technological innovation forces, factor allocation, and talent teams. Strengthen the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, improve the national laboratory system, optimize the positioning and layout of national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading scientific and technological enterprises, promote the coordination of scientific and technological innovation between the central and local governments, coordinate the construction of various scientific and technological innovation platforms, encourage and standardize the development of new R&D institutions, give play to the leading role of my country's super-large-scale market, strengthen the coordination of innovation resources and the organization of forces, and promote the integrated development of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. Build a scientific and technological security risk monitoring, early warning, and response system, and strengthen the independent guarantee of scientific and technological basic conditions. Improve the management system of scientific and technological societies. Expand international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, encourage the establishment of international scientific and technological organizations in China, and optimize the management mechanism of external professional exchanges and cooperation of universities, research institutes, and scientific and technological societies.

Improve the management of scientific and technological plans, and strengthen the forward-looking and leading layout of basic research fields, cross-cutting frontier fields, and key fields. Strengthen organized basic research, increase the proportion of scientific and technological expenditures used for basic research, improve the basic research investment mechanism that combines competitive support and stable support, encourage qualified localities, enterprises, social organizations, and individuals to support basic research, support the diversification of basic research topics, and encourage high-risk and high-value basic research. Deepen the reform of the science and technology evaluation system, strengthen the governance of scientific and technological ethics, and strictly rectify academic misconduct.

Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, establish a mechanism for cultivating and strengthening leading scientific and technological enterprises, strengthen the deep integration of industry, academia, and research led by enterprises, establish an enterprise R&D reserve system, and support enterprises to take the initiative to lead or participate in national scientific and technological research tasks. Build a mechanism to promote the development and growth of specialized, refined, and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises. Encourage science and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises to increase R&D investment and increase the proportion of additional deductions for R&D expenses. Encourage and guide universities and research institutes to license scientific and technological achievements to small and medium-sized enterprises in accordance with the method of use first and pay later.

Improve the allocation, management and use mechanism of central government science and technology funds, and improve the central government science and technology plan execution and professional institution management system. Expand the scope of the "lump sum system" for fiscal research project funds, and give scientists greater decision-making power over technical routes, greater control over funds, and greater resource dispatching power. Establish a non-consensus project screening mechanism recommended by experts in real name. Allow scientific research institutions to implement a more flexible management system than general institutions, and explore the implementation of enterprise management.

Deepen the reform of the mechanism for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, strengthen the construction of the national technology transfer system, accelerate the layout and construction of a number of concept verification and pilot verification platforms, improve the application policies for the first machine (set), the first batch, and the first version, and increase the government's procurement of independent innovation products. Strengthen the construction of the technical manager team.

Allow scientific and technological personnel to have greater autonomy in the distribution of income from the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, establish a separate management system for the assets of official scientific and technological achievements, and deepen the reform of the empowerment of official scientific and technological achievements. Deepen the income distribution reform of universities and research institutes. Allow more qualified state-owned enterprises to be guided by innovation and creation and carry out various forms of medium- and long-term incentives among scientific researchers.

Build a science and technology financial system that is compatible with scientific and technological innovation, strengthen financial support for major national scientific and technological tasks and science and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the support policy for long-term capital investment in early, small, long-term, and hard technology. Improve the risk dispersion mechanism for major technological breakthroughs and establish a science and technology insurance policy system. Improve the convenience of foreign investment in equity investment and venture capital in China.

(15) Deepen the reform of the talent development system and mechanism. Implement more active, more open and more effective talent policies, improve the mechanism for independent talent training, and accelerate the construction of a national high-level talent base and a platform for attracting and gathering talents. Accelerate the construction of national strategic talent forces, focus on cultivating strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders and innovation teams, focus on cultivating outstanding engineers, great craftsmen, and high-skilled talents, and improve the quality of all types of talents. Build a first-class team of industrial technical workers. Improve the mechanism for orderly flow of talents, promote the rational regional layout of talents, and deepen the talent cooperation between the east, middle and west. Improve the mechanism for discovering, selecting and training young innovative talents, and better protect the treatment of young scientific and technological personnel. Improve the system to ensure that scientific researchers focus on scientific research.

Strengthen the talent incentive mechanism, insist on empowering employers and untying talents. Establish a talent evaluation system oriented towards innovation ability, quality, effectiveness and contribution. Open up talent exchange channels between universities, research institutes and enterprises. Improve the support and guarantee mechanism for overseas talent introduction and form a talent system with international competitiveness. Explore the establishment of a high-tech talent immigration system.

V. Improve the macroeconomic governance system

Scientific macroeconomic regulation and effective government governance are the inherent requirements for giving full play to the advantages of the socialist market economy system. It is necessary to improve the macroeconomic regulation system, coordinate the reform of key areas such as finance and taxation, and enhance the consistency of macroeconomic policy orientation.

(16) Improve the national strategic planning system and policy coordination mechanism. Establish a national strategic formulation and implementation mechanism, strengthen the deep integration of major national strategies, and enhance the macro-guidance and coordination functions of national strategies. Improve the national economic and social development planning system, strengthen the planning connection and implementation mechanism, give play to the strategic guidance role of national development planning, strengthen the basic role of national land space planning, and enhance the support role of special planning and regional planning implementation. Improve the system of expert participation in public decision-making.

Centering the implementation of national development plans and major strategies, we will promote the coordinated efforts of fiscal, monetary, industrial, price, and employment policies, and optimize the allocation of various incremental resources and the adjustment of stock structures. We will explore the implementation of national macro-balance sheet management. We will include both economic and non-economic policies in the consistency assessment of macro-policy orientations. We will improve the expectation management mechanism. We will improve the statistical indicator accounting system that supports high-quality development, and strengthen the coverage of new economic and new fields. We will strengthen the statistical infrastructure of industrial activity units, optimize the statistical methods for headquarters and branches, and gradually promote the statistics of the places where business entities conduct activities. We will improve the international macro-policy coordination mechanism.

(17) Deepen fiscal and taxation system reform. We will improve the budget system, strengthen the overall coordination of fiscal resources and budgets, and include all income obtained by relying on administrative power, government credit, and state-owned resources and assets in government budget management. We will improve the state-owned capital operation budget and performance evaluation system, and strengthen the financial support for major national strategic tasks and basic people's livelihood. We will strengthen macro-guidance on budget compilation and fiscal policies. We will strengthen public service performance management and strengthen ex ante functional assessment. We will deepen zero-based budget reform. We will unify budget allocation rights, improve the uniformity and standardization of budget management, and improve the budget disclosure and supervision system. Improve the accrual-based government comprehensive financial reporting system.

Improve the tax system that is conducive to high-quality development, social equity, and market unification, and optimize the tax system structure. Study the tax system that is compatible with new business forms. Fully implement the principle of statutory taxation, standardize tax incentives, and improve the support mechanism for key areas and key links. Improve the direct tax system, improve the individual income tax system that combines comprehensive and classified taxation, standardize the tax policies for business income, capital income, and property income, and implement a unified taxation of labor income. Deepen the reform of tax collection and management.

Establish a central and local fiscal relationship with clear responsibilities, coordinated financial resources, and balanced regions. Increase local autonomous financial resources, expand local tax sources, and appropriately expand local tax management authority. Improve the fiscal transfer payment system, clean up and standardize special transfer payments, increase general transfer payments, and improve the degree of matching between municipal and county financial resources and responsibilities. Establish an incentive and constraint mechanism for transfer payments to promote high-quality development. Promote the backward shift of the consumption tax collection link and steadily transfer it to local governments, improve the value-added tax refund policy and deduction chain, and optimize the sharing ratio of shared taxes. Study the merger of urban maintenance and construction tax, education surcharge and local education surcharge into local surcharge, and authorize local governments to determine the specific applicable tax rate within a certain range. Reasonably expand the scope of support for local government special bonds, and appropriately expand the fields, scale and proportion of capital. Improve the government debt management system, establish a full-caliber local debt monitoring and supervision system and a long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving hidden debt risks, and accelerate the reform and transformation of local financing platforms. Standardize the management of non-tax revenue, appropriately delegate some non-tax revenue management authority, and let local governments manage it in a differentiated manner based on actual conditions.

Appropriately strengthen central government affairs and increase the proportion of central fiscal expenditure. In principle, central fiscal affairs shall be arranged by the central government itself, and the number of central fiscal affairs entrusted to local governments shall be reduced. Local governments shall not be required to arrange matching funds in violation of regulations. If it is necessary to entrust local governments to exercise affairs, funds shall be arranged through special transfer payments.

(18) Deepen financial system reform. Accelerate the improvement of the central bank system and smooth the monetary policy transmission mechanism. Actively develop science and technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance, and strengthen high-quality financial services for major strategies, key areas, and weak links. Improve the positioning and governance of financial institutions, and improve the incentive and constraint mechanism for serving the real economy. Develop diversified equity financing, accelerate the development of multi-level bond markets, and increase the proportion of direct financing. Optimize the management system of state-owned financial capital.

Improve the function of the capital market that coordinates investment and financing, prevent risks, strengthen supervision, and promote the healthy and stable development of the capital market. Support the entry of long-term funds into the market. Improve the quality of listed companies, strengthen the supervision and delisting system of listed companies. Establish a long-term mechanism to enhance the inherent stability of the capital market. Improve the behavioral norms and constraint mechanism for major shareholders and actual controllers. Improve the incentive and constraint mechanism for dividends of listed companies. Improve the investor protection mechanism. Promote the docking of regional equity market rules and the unification of standards.

Formulate a financial law. Improve the financial regulatory system, bring all financial activities under supervision in accordance with the law, strengthen the regulatory responsibility and accountability system, and strengthen the coordination of central and local supervision. Build a safe and efficient financial infrastructure, unify the registration, custody, settlement and clearing rules and systems of the financial market, establish a hard constraint system for early risk correction, and build a financial stability guarantee system that effectively prevents and controls systemic risks. Improve the mechanism for protecting financial consumers and combating illegal financial activities, and build a "firewall" for industrial capital and financial capital. Promote high-level financial opening, steadily and prudently promote the internationalization of the RMB, and develop the offshore RMB market. Steadily promote the research and development and application of digital RMB. Accelerate the construction of Shanghai International Financial Center.

Improve the management model of pre-entry national treatment plus negative list, and support qualified foreign institutions to participate in financial business pilot projects. Steadily and prudently expand financial  market interconnection and optimization of the qualified foreign investor system. Promote the construction of an independent and controllable cross-border payment system and strengthen the financial security mechanism under open conditions. Establish a unified full-caliber foreign debt supervision system. Actively participate in international financial governance.

(19) Improve the mechanism for implementing the regional coordinated development strategy. Build a regional economic layout and land space system with complementary advantages. Improve the system and policy system to promote the formation of a new pattern of western development, make new breakthroughs in the comprehensive revitalization of the northeast, accelerate the rise of the central region, and accelerate the modernization of the eastern region. Promote the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and other regions to better play the role of high-quality development power source, optimize the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin and the high-quality development mechanism. Promote the construction of Xiongan New Area with high standards and high quality. Promote the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle to go deeper and more practical. Improve the system of main functional areas and strengthen the guarantee mechanism for the optimization and development of land space. Improve the regional integrated development mechanism, build a new mechanism for cross-administrative region cooperation and development, and deepen the industrial cooperation between the east, middle and west. Improve the system and mechanism to promote the development of the marine economy.

VI. Improve the system and mechanism for integrated urban-rural development

Integrated urban-rural development is an inevitable requirement for China's modernization. We must coordinate new industrialization, new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization, comprehensively improve the integration of urban and rural planning, construction and governance, promote equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural factors, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and promote the common prosperity and development of urban and rural areas.

(20) Improve the system and mechanism for promoting new urbanization. Build a benign interactive mechanism for industrial upgrading, population agglomeration and urban development. Promote the system of providing basic public services by registered permanent residence, promote eligible rural migrant population to enjoy the same rights as registered permanent residence population in social insurance, housing security, compulsory education for accompanying children, etc., and accelerate the urbanization of rural migrant population. Safeguard the legitimate land rights and interests of farmers who have settled in cities, safeguard their land contracting rights, homestead use rights and collective income distribution rights in accordance with the law, and explore ways to establish voluntary paid withdrawal.

Adhere to the principle that the people build the city and the city is for the people. Improve the urban planning system and guide the coordinated development and intensive and compact layout of large, medium and small cities and towns. Deepen the reform of urban construction, operation and governance systems, and accelerate the transformation of urban development modes. Promote the formation of a new system of smart and efficient governance of megacities and super-megacities, and establish a system and mechanism for the integrated development of metropolitan areas. Deepen the reform of granting super-large towns economic and social management rights commensurate with their population and economic scale. Establish a sustainable urban renewal model and policies and regulations, strengthen the construction of underground integrated pipeline corridors and the renovation and upgrading of old pipelines, and deepen the action to enhance urban safety and resilience.

(21) Consolidate and improve the basic rural management system. Orderly promote the pilot program of extending the second round of land contracts for another 30 years after their expiration, deepen the reform of the separation of ownership, contracting rights and management rights of contracted land, and develop moderate-scale agricultural operations. Improve the agricultural management system, improve the price formation mechanism for the transfer of contracted land management rights, promote farmers' cooperative management, and promote the linkage between the support policies for new agricultural operators and the increase of farmers' income. Improve a convenient and efficient agricultural social service system. Develop a new type of rural collective economy, build an operation mechanism with clear property rights and reasonable distribution, and grant farmers more adequate property rights and interests.

(22) Improve the support system for strengthening, benefiting and enriching farmers. Adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas and improve the investment mechanism for rural revitalization. Strengthen county-level industries that enrich the people, build a diversified food supply system, and cultivate new industries and new formats in rural areas. Optimize the agricultural subsidy policy system and develop multi-level agricultural insurance. Improve the normalized mechanism for preventing poverty relapse and poverty covering the rural population, and establish a stratified and classified assistance system for low-income rural populations and underdeveloped areas. Improve the long-term management mechanism for the assets formed by national investment in poverty alleviation. Use the experience of the "10 million project" to improve the long-term mechanism for promoting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas.

Accelerate the improvement of the income guarantee mechanism for grain farmers and promote the prices of important agricultural products such as grain to remain at a reasonable level. Coordinate the establishment of a provincial horizontal interest compensation mechanism for grain production and marketing areas, and take substantial steps in the interest compensation of major production areas. Coordinate the promotion of reforms in the grain purchase and sales and reserve management systems and mechanisms, and establish a new supervision model. Improve the long-term mechanism for grain and food conservation.

(23) Deepen land system reform. Reform and improve the balance system of cultivated land occupation and compensation, bring all types of cultivated land occupation under unified management, improve the quality acceptance mechanism for supplementary cultivated land, and ensure that the balance standard is met. Improve the construction, acceptance, and management mechanism of high-standard farmland. Improve the management system to ensure that arable land is used for planting basic crops. Allow farmers to revitalize and utilize legally owned housing through leasing, equity investment, cooperation, etc. Promote the reform of rural collective commercial construction land entering the market in an orderly manner, and improve the land value-added income distribution mechanism.

Optimize land management, improve the land management system that is efficiently connected with macro policies and regional development, give priority to ensuring the reasonable use of land for leading industries and major projects, and give advantageous regions greater development space. Establish a coordination mechanism between the allocation of new urban construction land indicators and the increase in permanent population. Explore the implementation of the balance mechanism of occupation and compensation for the targeted use of national centralized reclamation of arable land for specific projects and regions. Optimize the use of urban industrial and commercial land, accelerate the development of the secondary market for construction land, promote mixed development and utilization of land, and reasonable conversion of use, and revitalize stock land and inefficient land. Carry out special governance of land use in various industrial parks. Formulate policies for the extension and renewal of industrial and commercial land use rights after expiration.

VII. Improve the system and mechanism of high-level opening up

Opening up is a distinctive symbol of Chinese-style modernization. We must adhere to the basic national policy of opening up to the outside world, promote reform through opening up, rely on my country's super-large market advantages, enhance our openness in expanding international cooperation, and build a new open economy system with a higher level.

(24) Steadily expand institutional opening up. Actively connect with international high-standard economic and trade rules, achieve interoperability and compatibility of rules, regulations, management, and standards in the fields of property rights protection, industrial subsidies, environmental standards, labor protection, government procurement, e-commerce, and finance, and create a transparent, stable, and predictable institutional environment. Expand independent opening up, orderly expand the opening up of my country's commodity market, service market, capital market, labor market, etc., and expand unilateral opening up to the least developed countries. Deepen the reform of foreign aid systems and mechanisms to achieve full-chain management.

Maintain the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization at its core, actively participate in the reform of the global economic governance system, and provide more global public goods. Expand the global network of high-standard free trade zones, establish a compliance mechanism that connects with international common rules, and optimize the environment for open cooperation.

(25) Deepen foreign trade system reform. Strengthen the coordination of trade policies and fiscal, taxation, finance and industrial policies, build a system of institutional support and policy support for a strong trading nation, accelerate the reform of domestic and foreign trade integration, and actively respond to the trend of digitalization and greening of trade. Promote innovation in customs clearance, taxation, foreign exchange and other regulatory aspects, and create an institutional environment conducive to the development of new formats and models. Innovate and develop digital trade, and promote the construction of a comprehensive pilot zone for cross-border e-commerce. Build a commodity trading center and a global distribution center, support various entities to orderly deploy overseas circulation facilities, and support qualified regions to build international logistics hubs and commodity resource allocation hubs. Improve the trade risk prevention and control mechanism, and improve the export control system and trade remedy system.

Innovate and enhance service trade, fully implement the negative list of cross-border service trade, promote comprehensive pilot demonstrations for expanding the opening up of the service industry, and encourage professional service institutions to improve their international service capabilities. Accelerate the development of offshore trade and develop new offshore international trade businesses. Establish and improve the cross-border financial service system and enrich the supply of financial products and services.

(26) Deepen the reform of the foreign investment and outbound investment management system. Create a market-oriented, law-based and international first-class business environment, and protect the rights and interests of foreign investment in accordance with the law. Expand the catalogue of industries that encourage foreign investment, reasonably reduce the negative list of foreign investment access, implement the complete abolition of restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector, and promote orderly expansion of opening up in the fields of telecommunications, the Internet, education, culture, and medical care. Deepen the reform of the system and mechanism for promoting foreign investment, guarantee the national treatment of foreign-invested enterprises in terms of factor acquisition, qualification licensing, standard setting, government procurement, etc., and support participation in upstream and downstream supporting cooperation in the industrial chain. Improve the system of convenience for foreign personnel to enter the country, such as residence, medical care, and payment. Improve the system and mechanism for promoting and protecting outward investment, improve the outward investment management service system, and promote international cooperation in the industrial chain and supply chain.

(27) Optimize the regional opening-up layout. Consolidate the leading position of the eastern coastal areas in opening-up, improve the level of opening-up in the central, western, and northeastern regions, and accelerate the formation of a comprehensive opening-up pattern with land-sea linkage, internal and external linkage, and east-west two-way mutual assistance. Give full play to the advantages of coastal, border, riverside, and transportation trunk lines, optimize the division of regional opening-up functions, and create a diverse open highland. Implement the free trade pilot zone promotion strategy and encourage pioneering and integrated exploration. Accelerate the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port.

Give full play to the institutional advantages of "one country, two systems", consolidate and enhance Hong Kong's status as an international financial, shipping and trade center, support Hong Kong and Macao in building a place for the gathering of international high-end talents, and improve the mechanism for Hong Kong and Macao to play a better role in the country's opening up. Deepen cooperation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and strengthen the connection of rules and mechanisms. Improve the system and policies to promote cross-strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation, and deepen cross-strait integrated development.

(28) Improve and promote the mechanism of high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road". Continue to implement the "Belt and Road" science and technology innovation action plan, and strengthen the construction of multilateral cooperation platforms in the fields of green development, digital economy, artificial intelligence, energy, taxation, finance, disaster reduction, etc. Improve the integrated layout of land, sea, air and network, and build a three-dimensional interconnection network of the "Belt and Road". Coordinate the promotion of major landmark projects and "small and beautiful" livelihood projects.

VIII. Improve the system of whole process people's democracy

Developing whole process people's democracy  is an essential requirement for Chinese-style modernization. We must unswervingly follow the path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics, adhere to and improve our country's fundamental political system, basic political system, and important political system, enrich the forms of democracy at all levels, and make the people's mastery of their own affairs concrete and realistic in all aspects of national political and social life.

(29) Strengthen the construction of the system of people's mastery of their own affairs. Adhere to, improve, and operate the people's congress system. Improve the supervision system of the people's congress over administrative organs, supervisory organs, judicial organs, and procuratorial organs, improve the supervision law and its implementation mechanism, and strengthen the people's congress's review and supervision of budget and final accounts and the supervision of state-owned assets and government debt management. Improve the rules of procedure of the people's congress and the system of argumentation, evaluation, review, and hearing. Enrich the content and form of people's congress representatives' contact with the people. Improve the working mechanism for absorbing public opinion and gathering public wisdom. Give full play to the role of mass organizations such as trade unions, the Communist Youth League, and the Women's Federation as bridges and links in contacting and serving the people.

(30) Improve the mechanism of consultative democracy. Give full play to the role of the CPPCC as a special consultative body, improve the mechanism of in-depth consultation and interaction, full expression of opinions, and broad consensus building, and strengthen the construction of the mechanism of the CPPCC to reflect public sentiment, connect with the masses, and serve the people. Improve the democratic supervision mechanism of the CPPCC.

Improve the system of consultative democracy, enrich the forms of consultation, improve the institutionalized platform of party consultation, NPC consultation, government consultation, CPPCC consultation, people's group consultation, grassroots consultation, and social organization consultation, and strengthen the coordination and cooperation of various consultation channels. Improve the implementation mechanism of consultation before decision-making and during decision-making implementation, and improve the mechanism for adopting, implementing, and feedback on consultation results.

(31) Improve the grassroots democratic system. Improve the grassroots mass autonomy mechanism led by grassroots party organizations, improve the grassroots democratic system and work system, and broaden the channels for various grassroots organizations and masses to participate in grassroots governance in an orderly manner. Improve the system of public affairs. Improve the democratic management system of enterprises and institutions with workers' congresses as the basic form, and improve the effective forms of enterprise workers' participation in management.

(32) Improve the overall united front work pattern. Improve the policy measures to give full play to the political role of the united front in rallying people's hearts and gathering strength. Adhere to, develop, and improve China's new party system. Better play the role of non-Party personages and improve the system for building a team of non-Party representative personages. Formulate a law to promote ethnic unity and progress, improve the institutional mechanism for building a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, and enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation. Systematically promote the sinicization of religion in my country and strengthen the rule of law in the governance of religious affairs. Improve the political leadership mechanism for non-Party intellectuals and new social strata. Comprehensively build a close and clean relationship between government and business, and improve the working mechanism to promote the healthy development of the non-public economy and the healthy growth of non-public economic personages. Improve the work mechanism for Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and overseas Chinese affairs.

IX. Improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics

The rule of law is an important guarantee for China's modernization. It is necessary to fully implement the Constitution, safeguard the authority of the Constitution, coordinate the reform of legislation, law enforcement, justice and law-abiding, improve the mechanism for ensuring equality before the law, promote the spirit of socialist rule of law, safeguard social fairness and justice, and comprehensively promote the rule of law in all aspects of national work.

(33) Deepen reform in the field of legislation. Improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics with the Constitution as the core, improve the institutional system to ensure the full implementation of the Constitution, and establish a reporting system for the implementation of the Constitution. Improve the legislative work pattern led by the Party Committee, dominated by the National People's Congress, supported by the government, and participated by all parties. Coordinate the establishment, revision, abolition, interpretation and compilation of laws and regulations, strengthen legislation in key areas, emerging areas and foreign-related areas, improve the constitutional review and filing review system, and improve the quality of legislation. Explore regional collaborative legislation. Improve the coordination mechanism between Party regulations and national laws and regulations. Build a unified national information platform for laws, regulations and normative documents.

(34) Deepen the promotion of law-based administration. Promote the legalization of government agencies, functions, powers, procedures and responsibilities, promote the standardization, regularization and convenience of government services, and improve the integrated online government service platform covering the whole country. Improve the legality review mechanism for major decisions and normative documents. Strengthen government legislative review. Deepen the reform of the administrative law enforcement system, improve the grassroots comprehensive law enforcement system and mechanism, and improve the administrative law enforcement supervision system and mechanism. Improve the administrative discretion benchmark system in areas such as administrative penalties, and promote cross-regional coordination of administrative law enforcement standards. Improve the two-way coordination system between administrative penalties and criminal penalties. Improve the administrative reconsideration system and mechanism. Improve the administrative adjudication system. Improve the vertical management system and the local hierarchical management system, and improve the vertical management agency and local coordination and cooperation mechanism. Steadily promote the optimization of institutions in small counties with small populations. Deepen the reform of the development zone management system. Optimize the structure and layout of public institutions and strengthen their public welfare.

(35) Improve the system and mechanism of fair law enforcement and justice. Improve the system and mechanism in which the supervisory organs, public security organs, procuratorates, courts and judicial administrative organs perform their respective duties, and the supervisory power, investigative power, procuratorial power, judicial power and executive power cooperate and restrict each other, so as to ensure that all links and processes of law enforcement and justice operate under effective supervision. Deepen the reform of separating the judicial power from the executive power, improve the national execution system, and strengthen the supervision of the parties, procuratorates and the public over the execution activities. Improve the law enforcement and judicial relief and protection system, and improve the state compensation system. Deepen and standardize judicial openness, implement and improve the judicial responsibility system. Standardize the establishment of specialized courts. Deepen the reform of administrative case hierarchical jurisdiction, centralized jurisdiction and cross-regional jurisdiction. Build a coordinated and efficient police system and mechanism, promote the reform of the organization and establishment management of local public security organs, and continue to promote the reform of the management system of civil aviation public security organs and customs anti-smuggling departments. Standardize the management system of police auxiliary personnel.

Adhere to the correct view of human rights, strengthen the protection of human rights law enforcement and justice, and improve the pre-examination, in-process supervision and post-event correction, etc. working mechanism, improve the system of compulsory measures involving citizens' personal rights and compulsory measures such as sealing, seizure, freezing, etc., and investigate and punish criminal acts such as abuse of power for personal gain, illegal detention, torture and forced confession in accordance with the law. Promote full coverage of lawyer defense in criminal cases. Establish a system for sealing records of minor crimes.

(36) Improve the mechanism for promoting the construction of a rule of law society. Improve the public legal service system covering urban and rural areas, and deepen the reform of the lawyer system, notary system, arbitration system, mediation system, and judicial appraisal management system. Improve legal publicity and education, and improve the practice-oriented education and training mechanism of law schools. Strengthen and improve the protection of minors' rights and interests, strengthen the prevention and control of juvenile crimes, and formulate special correction education regulations.

(37) Strengthen the construction of foreign-related rule of law. Establish a working mechanism for promoting foreign-related legislation, law enforcement, justice, law-abiding and legal services, and legal talent training. Improve the foreign-related legal system and rule of law implementation system, and deepen international cooperation in law enforcement and justice. Improve the judicial trial system such as the parties' agreement on jurisdiction and the choice of applicable foreign law in foreign-related civil legal relations. Improve the international commercial arbitration and mediation system, and cultivate world-class arbitration institutions and law firms. Actively participate in the formulation of international rules.

X. Deepen the reform of cultural systems and mechanisms

Chinese-style modernization is a modernization that coordinates material and spiritual civilization. We must enhance cultural confidence, develop advanced socialist culture, promote revolutionary culture, inherit the excellent traditional Chinese culture, accelerate the adaptation to the new situation of rapid development of information technology, cultivate and form a large-scale team of outstanding cultural talents, and stimulate the cultural innovation and creativity of the whole nation.

(38) Improve the responsibility system for ideological work. Improve the work system of using the Party's innovative theories to arm the whole Party, educate the people, and guide practice, improve the learning system of the Party Committee (Party Group) Theory Learning Center Group, and improve the ideological and political work system. Innovate the Marxist theory research and construction project, implement the philosophy and social sciences innovation project, and build an independent knowledge system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Improve the news spokesperson system. Build a work mechanism and evaluation system that adapts to the production and dissemination of all media, and promote the systematic reform of mainstream media. Improve the public opinion guidance mechanism and the public opinion response coordination mechanism.

Promote the normalization and institutionalization of ideal and belief education. Improve the institutional mechanism for cultivating and practicing the core socialist values. Improve and innovate the working mechanism of cultivating, practicing and creating civilization. Implement the project of building a civilized rural style. Optimize the publicity and learning mechanism of heroes and models, innovate the organization mechanism of patriotic education and various mass theme activities, and promote the whole society to respect heroes, cherish the memory of martyrs and strive to be pioneers. Build a system for inheriting Chinese traditional virtues, improve the system and mechanism for building social morality, professional ethics, family virtues and personal morality, improve the long-term mechanism for building integrity, educate and guide the whole society to consciously abide by the law, follow public order and good customs, and resolutely oppose materialism, hedonism, extreme individualism and historical nihilism. Form a mechanism for the segmented and precise implementation of online ideological and moral education. Establish and improve the mechanism for coordinated governance of prominent issues in the moral field, and improve the long-term mechanism for "cracking down on pornography and illegal publications".

(39) Optimize the supply mechanism of cultural services and cultural products. Improve the public cultural service system, establish a mechanism for high-quality cultural resources to reach the grassroots directly, improve the mechanism for social forces to participate in public cultural services, and promote the reform of the separation of ownership and use rights of public cultural facilities. Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises in the cultural sector, promote the deepening of internal reforms in cultural institutions in a classified manner, and improve the mechanism for the construction and development of art troupes.

Adhere to the people-centered creative orientation, adhere to the combination of producing results and talents, and the integration of works and environment, and improve the service, guidance, and organization mechanism of literary and artistic creation and production. Improve the cultural industry system and market system, and improve cultural and economic policies. Explore effective mechanisms for the integration of culture and technology, and accelerate the development of new cultural formats. Deepen the reform of the administrative approval and filing system in the cultural sector, and strengthen supervision during and after the event. Deepen the comprehensive governance of the entertainment sector.

Establish a coordination agency for the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, establish a cultural heritage protection supervision system, and promote the systematic protection and unified supervision of cultural heritage. Build a Chinese civilization identification system. Improve the system and mechanism for the in-depth integration and development of culture and tourism. Improve the public service system for national fitness, and reform and improve the management system and operation mechanism of competitive sports.

(40) Improve the comprehensive network governance system. Deepen the reform of the network management system, integrate network content construction and management functions, and promote the integrated management of news propaganda and network public opinion. Improve the development and management mechanism of generative artificial intelligence. Strengthen the rule of law in cyberspace, improve the long-term mechanism for network ecological governance, and improve the network protection system for minors.

(41) Build a more effective international communication system. Promote the reconstruction of the international communication pattern, deepen the reform and innovation of the international communication mechanism of mainstream media, and accelerate the construction of a multi-channel and three-dimensional external communication pattern. Accelerate the construction of Chinese discourse and Chinese narrative system, and comprehensively improve the effectiveness of international communication. Build a mechanism for implementing the global civilization initiative. Promote the facilitation of management of going out and inviting in, and expand international cultural exchanges and cooperation.

XI. Improve the system of safeguarding and improving people's livelihood

Safeguarding and improving people's livelihood in the process of development is a major task of China's modernization. We must persist in doing our best and acting within our means, improve the system of basic public services, strengthen the construction of inclusive, basic and bottom-line livelihood, solve the most direct and realistic interests of the people, and continuously meet the people's yearning for a better life.

(42) Improve the income distribution system. Build a coordinated system of primary distribution, redistribution, and tertiary distribution, increase the proportion of residents' income in the distribution of national income, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the primary distribution. Improve the mechanism for determining, reasonably increasing and ensuring the payment of wages for workers, and improve the policy system for distribution based on factors. Improve the redistribution adjustment mechanism such as taxation, social security and transfer payments. Support the development of public welfare and charity.

Regulate the order of income distribution, standardize the mechanism for wealth accumulation, increase the property income of urban and rural residents through multiple channels, and form a system that effectively increases the income of low-income groups, steadily expands the size of the middle-income group, and reasonably adjusts excessive income. Deepen the reform of the wage determination mechanism of state-owned enterprises, reasonably determine and strictly regulate the remuneration, allowances and subsidies of heads of state-owned enterprises at all levels.

(43) Improve the employment priority policy. Improve the mechanism for promoting high-quality full employment, improve the employment public service system, and strive to solve structural employment contradictions. Improve the employment support system for key groups such as college graduates, migrant workers and retired soldiers, and improve the lifelong vocational skills training system. Coordinate the urban and rural employment policy system, simultaneously promote the reform of household registration, employment, archives and other services, optimize the policy environment for entrepreneurship and employment promotion, and support and regulate the development of new employment forms. Improve the institutional mechanism for promoting equal opportunities and smooth the channels for social mobility. Improve the labor relations consultation and coordination mechanism and strengthen the protection of workers' rights and interests.

(44) Improve the social security system. Improve the national coordination system of basic pension insurance and improve the unified national social security public service platform. Improve the social security fund value preservation and appreciation and safety supervision system. Improve the financing and reasonable adjustment mechanism of basic pension and basic medical insurance, and gradually increase the basic pension of urban and rural residents' basic pension insurance. Improve the social security system for flexible employment, migrant workers, and new employment forms, expand the coverage of unemployment, work-related injury, and maternity insurance, completely cancel the restrictions on household registration in the place of employment, and improve the transfer and continuation policy of social security relations. Accelerate the development of a multi-level and multi-pillar pension insurance system, expand the coverage of the annuity system, and promote the individual pension system. Give full play to the role of various types of commercial insurance in supplementary protection. Promote provincial coordination of basic medical insurance, deepen the reform of medical insurance payment methods, improve the major disease insurance and medical assistance system, and strengthen the supervision of medical insurance funds. Improve the social assistance system. Improve the system for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. Improve the social security system and care service system for the disabled.

Accelerate the establishment of a housing system that combines renting and purchasing, and accelerate the construction of a new model of real estate development. Increase the construction and supply of affordable housing to meet the rigid housing needs of the wage earners. Support the diversified improvement housing needs of urban and rural residents. Fully empower city governments to regulate the real estate market, formulate policies based on the city, and allow relevant cities to cancel or reduce housing purchase restrictions and cancel the standards for ordinary and non-ordinary residential properties. Reform the financing methods of real estate development and the pre-sale system of commercial housing. Improve the real estate tax system.

(45) Deepen the reform of the medical and health system. Implement the health-first development strategy, improve the public health system, promote social co-governance, medical and prevention coordination, and medical and prevention integration, and strengthen monitoring and early warning, risk assessment, epidemiological investigation, testing, emergency response, and medical treatment. Promote the coordinated development and governance of medical care, medical insurance, and medicine. Promote the expansion and sinking of high-quality medical resources and regional balanced layout, accelerate the construction of a tiered diagnosis and treatment system, promote the construction of close-knit medical alliances, and strengthen primary medical and health services. Deepen the reform of public hospitals oriented to public welfare, establish a charging mechanism dominated by medical services, improve the salary system, and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for staffing. Guide and standardize the development of private hospitals. Innovate medical and health supervision methods. Improve the mechanism to support the development of innovative drugs and medical devices, and improve the mechanism for the inheritance and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine.

(46) Improve the support and service system for population development. Improve the population development strategy with a focus on coping with aging and declining birthrates, improve the population service system covering the entire population and the entire life cycle, and promote high-quality population development. Improve the policy system and incentive mechanism for fertility support, and promote the construction of a fertility-friendly society. Effectively reduce the costs of childbirth, raising children, and educating children, improve the maternity leave system, establish a fertility subsidy system, improve the level of basic childbirth and child medical public services, and increase personal income tax deductions. Strengthen the construction of a universal childcare service system, support the development of multiple models such as employer-run childcare, community-embedded childcare, and family childcare centers. Understand the objective laws of population mobility, promote relevant public services to follow people, and promote the rational aggregation and orderly flow of urban and rural and regional populations.

Actively respond to population aging and improve the policy mechanism for the development of the elderly care industry. Develop the silver economy and create diversified and personalized jobs suitable for the elderly. In accordance with the principles of voluntariness and flexibility, steadily and orderly promote the reform of gradually delaying the statutory retirement age. Optimize the supply of basic elderly care services, cultivate community elderly care service institutions, improve the operating mechanism of public elderly care institutions, encourage and guide enterprises and other social forces to actively participate, promote mutual elderly care services, and promote the integration of medical care and elderly care. Accelerate the filling of gaps in rural elderly care services. Improve services for elderly people with special difficulties such as widows, the disabled and the disabled, and accelerate the establishment of a long-term care insurance system.

XII. Deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system

Chinese-style modernization is a modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. It is necessary to improve the ecological civilization system, coordinate the promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth, actively respond to climate change, and accelerate the improvement of the system and mechanism for implementing the concept that green waters and green mountains are gold and silver mountains.

(47) Improve the basic ecological civilization system. Implement a regional, differentiated and precise ecological environment management system, and improve the ecological environment monitoring and evaluation system. Establish and improve a land use control and planning permit system that covers the entire region and all types and is unified and connected. Improve the natural resource asset property rights system and management system, improve the entrustment and agency mechanism for the ownership of natural resource assets owned by the whole people, and establish a responsibility assessment and supervision system for ecological environment protection, natural resource protection and utilization, and asset value preservation and appreciation. Improve the coordination mechanism for national ecological security work. Compile the Ecological Environment Code.

(48) Improve the ecological environment governance system. Promote the construction of the ecological environment governance responsibility system, supervision system, market system, and legal and regulatory system. Improve the system and mechanism for precise, scientific and legal pollution control, implement the fixed pollution source supervision system with the pollution discharge permit system as the core, establish a coordinated governance system for new pollutants and environmental risk control, and promote the coordinated reduction of multiple pollutants. Deepen the reform of the system for legal disclosure of environmental information and build an environmental credit supervision system. Promote the construction of an ecological environment governance system that connects upstream and downstream in important river basins. Comprehensively promote the construction of a natural protection area system with national parks as the main body.

Implement the ecological protection red line management system, improve the integrated protection and systematic governance mechanism of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands and deserts, and build a diversified ecological protection and restoration investment mechanism. Implement the rigid water resource constraint system and comprehensively promote the water resource fee-to-tax reform. Strengthen the coordination mechanism for biodiversity protection. Improve the marine resource development and protection system. Improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products. Deepen the reform of the paid use system of natural resources. Promote comprehensive ecological compensation, improve horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanisms, and coordinate the promotion of compensation for ecological and environmental damage.

(49) Improve the green and low-carbon development mechanism. Implement fiscal, taxation, financial, investment, and price policies and standard systems that support green and low-carbon development, develop green and low-carbon industries, improve green consumption incentive mechanisms, and promote the construction of a green, low-carbon, circular development economic system. Optimize government green procurement policies and improve the green tax system. Improve the total resource management and comprehensive conservation system, and improve the waste recycling system. Improve the clean and efficient use of coal mechanism. Accelerate the planning and construction of a new energy system, and improve new energy consumption and regulation policies and measures. Improve the work system for adapting to climate change. Establish a new mechanism for the comprehensive transformation from energy consumption dual control to carbon emission dual control. Build a carbon emission statistical accounting system, a product carbon labeling certification system, and a product carbon footprint management system, improve the carbon market trading system and the voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading system, and actively and steadily promote carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

XIII. Promote the modernization of the national security system and capabilities

National security is an important foundation for the steady and long-term development of Chinese-style modernization. We must fully implement the overall national security concept, improve the system and mechanism for maintaining national security, achieve a benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, and effectively ensure the long-term stability of the country.

(50) Improve the national security system. Strengthen the coordination mechanism for national security work, improve the national security legal system, strategic system, policy system, and risk monitoring and early warning system, and improve the security guarantee system in key areas and the coordination and command system for important projects. Build a coordinated and efficient national security protection system and promote national security science and technology empowerment.

(51) Improve the public security governance mechanism. Improve the system for handling major public emergencies, improve the emergency command mechanism under the framework of big security and big emergency, strengthen the grassroots emergency foundation and force, and improve the disaster prevention, mitigation and relief capabilities. Improve the mechanism for the investigation and rectification of production safety risks and the responsibility investigation. Improve the food and drug safety responsibility system. Improve the biosafety supervision, early warning and prevention and control system. Strengthen the construction of the network security system and establish an artificial intelligence safety supervision system.

(52) Improve the social governance system. Adhere to and develop the "Fengqiao Experience" in the new era, improve the urban and rural grassroots governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law and moral governance under the leadership of the Party organization, and improve the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance and sharing. Explore the establishment of a unified national population management system. Improve the social work system and mechanism, strengthen party building to lead grassroots governance, strengthen the construction of social workers, and promote the construction of a volunteer service system. Promote the legalization of petition work. Improve the city's social governance capabilities, strengthen the functions of public service platforms such as citizen hotlines, and improve the management mechanism and regular promotion mechanism of the "efficient completion of one thing" key items list. Improve the social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanism. Improve the mechanism for giving full play to the role of family education and family style construction in grassroots governance. Deepen the reform of industry associations and chambers of commerce. Improve the management system of social organizations.

 

Improve the system of matching the responsibilities, powers and resources of towns (sub-districts), and strengthen the service and management capabilities of towns (sub-districts). Improve the overall prevention and control system of public security, improve the regular mechanism of cracking down on gangsters and eliminating evil, and severely punish illegal and criminal activities that the masses strongly complain about in accordance with the law.

(53) Improve the national security mechanism involving foreign countries. Establish and improve the coordination mechanism for peripheral security work. Strengthen the system and mechanism for early warning, prevention and control, and protection of overseas interests and investment risks, deepen international law enforcement cooperation in the field of security, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and legal persons overseas. Improve the mechanism for countering sanctions, interference, and "long-arm jurisdiction". Improve the mechanism for safeguarding maritime rights and interests. Improve the mechanism for participating in global security governance.

XIV. Continue to deepen defense and military reforms

Defense and military modernization are important components of Chinese-style modernization. We must uphold the Party's absolute leadership over the people's army, implement the strategy of reform and strengthening the army in depth, and provide strong guarantees for achieving the goal of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the army and basically realizing the modernization of national defense and the army as scheduled.

(54) Improve the leadership and management system and mechanism of the people's army. Improve the system and mechanism for implementing the system of responsibility of the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and deepen the political construction of the army. Optimize the functional configuration of the CMC departments, improve the coordinated promotion mechanism for combat, construction and preparation, improve the consultation and evaluation mechanism for major decisions, deepen strategic management innovation, and improve the military governance system. Improve the work mechanism for governing the army according to law. Improve supporting policies and systems in the fields of combat readiness, military human resources, etc. Deepen the reform of military academies and promote the connotation-oriented development of academies. Implement the adjustment and reform of military enterprises and institutions.

(55) Deepen the reform of the joint combat system. Improve the functions of the CMC Joint Combat Command Center, improve the command function in major security areas, and establish a coordinated operation mechanism with the central and state organs. Optimize the composition of the theater joint combat command center and improve the joint combat command formation model of the task force. Strengthen the coordination of the construction and use of the network information system. Build a new type of military and arms structure, accelerate the development of strategic deterrence, vigorously develop new domains and new types of combat forces, and coordinate and strengthen the construction of traditional combat forces. Optimize the force composition of the armed police force.

(56) Deepen cross-military and local reforms. Improve the integrated national strategic system and capacity building work mechanism, and improve the system and mechanism for military-related decision-making and coordination. Improve the mechanism for reporting military needs for national defense construction and the connection between the military and the local government, and improve the national defense mobilization system. Deepen the reform of the defense science and technology industry system, optimize the layout of the defense science and technology industry, improve the weapons and equipment procurement system, establish a military product design feedback mechanism, and build a modern weapons and equipment management system. Improve the coordination mechanism for military and civilian standardization work. Strengthen the construction and management coordination in the fields of aerospace and military trade. Optimize the leadership and management system of border and coastal defense, and improve the mechanism for the joint management of the party, government, military, police and people. Deepen the reform of the militia system. Improve the work mechanism of supporting the army and the people.

XV. Improve the Party's leadership in further deepening reform and promoting Chinese-style modernization

The Party's leadership is the fundamental guarantee for further deepening reform and promoting Chinese-style modernization. We must deeply understand the decisive significance of the "two establishments", strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences", and achieve the "two safeguards". We must maintain a high degree of consciousness in leading the social revolution with the Party's self-revolution, adhere to the spirit of reform and strict standards to manage and govern the Party, improve the Party's self-revolution system and norms, and continuously promote the Party's self-purification, self-improvement, self-innovation and self-improvement, and ensure that the Party always remains the strong leadership core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

(57) Adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee in further deepening reform. The Party Central Committee leads the overall design, overall coordination and overall promotion of reform. Improve the implementation mechanism of the Party Central Committee's major decisions and arrangements to ensure that the Party Central Committee's orders are carried out. Party committees (party groups) at all levels are responsible for implementing the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee, planning and promoting reforms in their respective regions and departments, encouraging innovation in light of actual conditions, and creating new experiences that can be replicated and promoted. Follow the Party's mass line in the new era and fully incorporate social expectations, mass wisdom, expert opinions and grassroots experience into the design of reforms. Set reform topics around solving prominent contradictions, optimize the mechanism for generating key reform plans, uphold truth, correct mistakes, and promptly discover problems and correct deviations. Improve the reform incentive and public opinion guidance mechanism to create a good reform atmosphere.

(58) Deepen the reform of the Party's construction system. Focus on mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the whole Party to grasp reform and promote development, and improve the Party's construction system and mechanism. Strengthen the Party's innovative theoretical armament, and establish and improve a long-term mechanism for learning to forge souls, increase wisdom, correct work styles and promote work. Deepen the reform of the cadre and personnel system, clearly establish the correct orientation for selecting and employing people, vigorously select cadres who are politically strong, dare to take responsibility, are determined to reform, have outstanding achievements, and are honest and upright, and strive to solve the problems of cadres acting arbitrarily, not acting, not daring to act, and not being good at acting. Establish and practice the correct view of political achievements, and improve the working mechanism for effectively preventing and correcting deviations in the view of political achievements. Implement the "three distinctions" to encourage cadres to be pioneering and enterprising, and to do things and start businesses. Promote the normalization of the ability of leading cadres to be promoted or demoted, and increase the efforts to adjust cadres who are not suitable for current positions. Improve the regular training mechanism, especially the basic training mechanism, strengthen professional training and practical training, and comprehensively improve the ability of cadres to build modernization. Improve and implement the term system for leading cadres, and improve the handover system for the main leaders of the leadership team. Strengthen the political and organizational functions of the party organization. Explore effective ways to strengthen the party building of new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups. Improve the education and management mechanism for party members and the role they play. Improve the party's internal regulations and enhance the authority and enforcement of the party's internal regulations.

(59) Deepen the promotion of party conduct and clean government and the fight against corruption. Improve the mechanism of specific, precise and regular political supervision. Persevere in implementing the spirit of the Central Committee's eight regulations and improve the institutional mechanism for preventing and treating formalism and bureaucracy. Continue to streamline and standardize meeting documents and various activities such as creating demonstrations, evaluating and reaching standards, festivals, exhibitions and forums, strictly control the total amount of supervision, inspection and assessment at the grassroots level, improve the quality of research, and make great efforts to solve the problem of excessive frequency and complexity. Formulate a list of responsibilities for townships (streets) to perform, and improve the long-term mechanism for reducing the burden on the grassroots. Establish a discipline education mechanism that combines regularity and concentration, deepen the use of the "four forms" of supervision and discipline, and comprehensively play the role of the party's discipline education in restraining, guaranteeing and motivating.

Improve the working mechanism of promoting the fear of corruption, inability to corrupt, and unwillingness to corrupt, and strive to eradicate the soil and conditions for the breeding of corruption. Improve the mechanism of investigating and treating unhealthy practices and corruption together, deepen the rectification of corruption in areas with concentrated power, intensive capital and rich resources, seriously investigate and deal with the problem of collusion between government and business that undermines the political ecology and economic development environment, improve the joint punishment mechanism for key bribers, and enrich the effective methods for preventing and treating new types of corruption and hidden corruption. Strengthen the governance of false accusations. Improve the mechanism for chasing, preventing and recovering fugitives. Strengthen the construction of a clean culture in the new era.

Improve the supervision system of the Party and the State. Strengthen the main responsibility and supervision responsibility for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party. Improve and strengthen the supporting system for supervision of the "top leaders" and the leadership team. Improve the power allocation and operation constraint mechanism, and oppose the idea of ​​privilege and the phenomenon of privilege. Promote the organic connection between discipline enforcement and criminal justice. Improve the system and mechanism of inspection and supervision. Optimize the functions of supervision, inspection and investigation institutions, improve the discipline inspection and supervision system of vertically managed units, and promote the full deployment of discipline inspection and supervision teams to centrally managed enterprises. Deepen the reform of the grassroots supervision system and mechanism. Promote national legislation against corruption, amend the Supervision Law, and introduce the Anti-cross-border Corruption Law.

 (60) Implement reforms with a firm determination. The whole Party must implement the decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee to further deepen reforms in an all-round way in a pragmatic and courageous manner. We must adhere to the principle of coordination between the top and the bottom and the integration of departments and regions. We must scientifically formulate reform tasks, timetables and priorities, clarify the subjects and responsibilities for implementing various reforms, include the implementation of major reforms in the content of supervision and inspection and inspection, and test reforms with actual results and the satisfaction of the people.

Chinese-style modernization is modernization on the path of peaceful development. In foreign affairs, we must firmly adhere to an independent and peaceful foreign policy, promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, practice the common values ​​of all mankind, implement global development initiatives, global security initiatives and global civilization initiatives, advocate an equal and orderly world multipolarization and inclusive economic globalization, deepen the reform of foreign affairs mechanisms, participate in and lead the reform and construction of the global governance system, firmly safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests, and create a good external environment for further deepening reforms in an all-round way and promoting Chinese-style modernization.

The whole Party, the whole army and the people of all ethnic groups across the country should unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, hold high the banner of reform and opening up, unite their hearts and minds, work hard to build a modern socialist country in an all-round way, achieve the second centenary goal, and strive to comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.

[Editor: Liu Xiaodong]