张玉卓 深化国资国企改革 [Zhang Yuzhuo, Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises]

 

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 State owned or controlled enterprises play a crucial role in the new era's further refinement of socialist modernization under the principles of new quality development. They were an important element of the recently concluded 3rd Plenum (see here, here, here). It comes as no surprise, then, that  Zhang Yuzhuo [张玉卓], the chairman of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, a member of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and formerly Chairman of China Petrochemical Corporation, should write a well publicized essay outlining the ideological framework around which the further reform of Chinese SOEs will be undertaken. That essay,  深化国资国企改革 [ Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises] follows below in the original Chinese and in aa crude English translation.  

There are no surprises; the discourse is meant to underline the central importance of the SOE in the realization of a markets-aided approach to the new quality development of productive forces that are  expressed in Chinese style (socialist) modernization. Zhang reminds his readers :

深化国资国企改革，对于巩固公有制主体地位、更好发挥国有经济战略支撑作用、确保党长期执政和国家长治久安具有十分重要的意义。[Deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises is of great significance for consolidating the dominant position of public ownership, better playing the strategic support role of the state-owned economy, and ensuring the long-term rule of the Party and long-term stability of the country.] (深化国资国企改革 )

The problems of reform lies, in part, in the contradictions that new quality productivity is meant to overcome. The essence of that problem is the relationship of people to technology to productivity. To improve production it is necessary to overcome people, enhancing them with technology based tools in a tech smart environment.   How that is to be accomplished remains to be seen.

 当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，科技创新深刻重塑生产力基本要素，新质生产力已经在实践中形成并展示出对高质量发展的强劲推动力、支撑力。[At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is developing in depth, and scientific and technological innovation has profoundly reshaped the basic elements of productivity. New productivity has been formed in practice and demonstrated strong driving force and support for high-quality development ]* * *

关键核心技术受制于人的状况尚未根本扭转，对可能产生颠覆性影响的未来技术、未来产业布局还相对滞后。[The situation in which key core technologies are restricted by people has not been fundamentally reversed, and the layout of future technologies and future industries that may have a disruptive impact is still relatively lagging behind.] ((深化国资国企改革 ))

The rest follows along traditional lines.

 

 

深化国资国企改革（学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神）

张玉卓 《 人民日报 》（ 2024年08月16日   第 09 版）

　　党的二十届三中全会对深化国资国企改革进一步作出重大部署，这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央着眼于全面推进中国式现代化、实现第二个百年奋斗目标作出的重要战略安排。我们要深入学习领会习近平总书记关于全面深化改革的重要论述，深刻认识深化国资国企改革的战略意义，牢牢把握改革的正确方向，全力落实好各项关键任务，以更高站位、更大力度把国资国企改革向纵深推进，更好地履行国资国企的新责任新使命，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业作出更大贡献。

　　深刻认识深化国资国企改革的战略意义

　　国有企业是中国特色社会主义的重要物质基础和政治基础，是党执政兴国的重要支柱和依靠力量，在全面推进中国式现代化进程中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。深化国资国企改革，对于巩固公有制主体地位、更好发挥国有经济战略支撑作用、确保党长期执政和国家长治久安具有十分重要的意义。

　　更好履行国有企业功能使命的必然要求。习近平总书记强调，推进中国式现代化，是一项前无古人的开创性事业。当前，世界百年变局全方位、深层次加速演进，国际国内形势纷繁复杂，外部环境不确定、难预料成为常态，我国发展不平衡不充分问题仍然突出，推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业任务艰巨繁重。企业兴则国家兴，企业强则国家强。国有企业大多处在关系国家安全、国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域，是实现国家战略意图、应对外部环境变化和重大风险挑战的重要力量。要通过深化国资国企改革，切实把提升国有企业战略功能价值放在优先位置，聚焦国之大者、围绕国之所需，更好发挥科技创新、产业控制、安全支撑作用，以发展的确定性稳大局、应变局、开新局，推动党和国家事业行稳致远。

　　有力提升国有企业活力效率的关键之举。习近平总书记强调，国有企业要搞好就一定要改革，抱残守缺不行，改革能成功，就能变成现代企业。党的十八大以来，国有企业改革发展取得重大成就，一些深层次体制机制障碍有力破除，全国国资系统监管企业资产总额从2012年的71.4万亿元增长到2023年的317.1万亿元，利润总额从2012年的2.0万亿元增长到2023年的4.5万亿元，规模实力和质量效益明显提升。但必须清醒认识到，一些影响国有企业发展活力和内生动力的顽瘴痼疾尚未完全解决，一些企业仍然存在资产收益率不高、创新能力不足、价值创造能力不强等问题，与构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制的要求不适应。国有企业是国家治理体系的重要组成部分。要通过深化国资国企改革，以增强活力、提高效率为中心，抓重点、补短板、强弱项，不断提升现代企业治理能力和核心竞争力，加快锻造发展方式新、公司治理新、经营机制新、布局结构新的现代新国企。

　　加快推动国有企业发展新质生产力的现实需要。习近平总书记强调，高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务，发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，科技创新深刻重塑生产力基本要素，新质生产力已经在实践中形成并展示出对高质量发展的强劲推动力、支撑力。近年来，国有企业高质量发展迈出坚实步伐，但同时面临资源环境约束不断增多、传统生产力条件下的经济增长模式越来越难以为继等问题，关键核心技术受制于人的状况尚未根本扭转，对可能产生颠覆性影响的未来技术、未来产业布局还相对滞后。经济长期增长取决于全要素生产率提升，企业高质量发展关键要靠创新驱动。要通过深化国资国企改革，着力打通束缚新质生产力发展的堵点卡点，不断强化创新策源，加快推动科技创新基础上的产业创新，改造提升传统产业，培育壮大新兴产业，布局建设未来产业，开辟新领域新赛道，塑造新动能新优势，为现代化产业体系建设提供有力支撑。

　　牢牢把握深化国资国企改革的原则要求

　　贯彻落实党的二十届三中全会对深化国资国企改革作出的重大部署，必须以学习贯彻习近平总书记关于国有企业改革发展和党的建设的重要论述精神为统领，把好方向、守正创新，切实做到学思用贯通、知信行统一。

　　坚持党对国有企业的全面领导这一根本原则。坚定维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，把党的领导贯穿于深化国资国企改革各方面全过程，推动企业党的建设与生产经营深度融合，加强国有企业领导班子和干部人才队伍建设，积极营造风清气正的良好政治生态，切实发挥高质量党建的引领保障作用。

　　坚持做强做优做大国有资本和国有企业的总目标。坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，围绕实现高质量发展、服务构建新发展格局，推动国有企业既坚定不移做大、更意志坚定做强做优，不断发展壮大国有经济，巩固社会主义的经济基础；发挥国有经济引领带动作用，促进各种所有制经济优势互补、共同发展。

　　坚持增强核心功能、提高核心竞争力的改革重点。站位党和国家工作大局，引导国有企业强化战略安全、产业引领、国计民生、公共服务等功能，聚焦主责主业发展实体经济，提升持续创新能力和价值创造能力，加快向高质量、高效率、可持续的发展方式转变，着力塑造能够持续创造效益的独特竞争优势，培育一批具有全球竞争力的世界一流企业，切实提升国有企业功能价值，高水平实现经济属性、政治属性、社会属性的有机统一。

　　坚持“放得活”与“管得住”的辩证统一。坚持政企分开、政资分开，持续深化体制机制改革，充分尊重和维护企业法人财产权和经营自主权，把该放的放到位，使国有企业充满生机活力，创新创造的潜能充分激活；坚守防止国有资产流失底线，把该管的坚决管住，落实国有资产保值增值责任，健全防范国有资产流失的制度，完善国有资产监督管理体系，引导企业依法合规经营，实现国资国企治理现代化。

　　全面落实深化国资国企改革的重点任务

　　深化国资国企改革重在落实。要自觉把深化国资国企改革作为重大责任，与实施国有企业改革深化提升行动有效衔接，以钉钉子精神抓好贯彻落实，确保改革实效。

　　深入推进国有经济布局优化和结构调整。推动国有资本和国有企业做强做优做大，增强核心功能，提高核心竞争力。完善主责主业管理，制定完善国有企业主责主业动态管理办法，进一步明晰不同类型国有企业功能定位，构建依法履职、分类监管、动态调整、灵活授权的管理机制。健全国有企业投资管理制度，完善投资负面清单，建立投资后评价制度，坚决遏制部分国有企业盲目多元、“铺摊子”倾向。推进国有经济布局优化和结构调整，统筹国有经济重大生产力布局，明确国有资本重点投资领域和方向，推动国有资本向关系国家安全、国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域集中，向关系国计民生的公共服务、应急能力、公益性领域等集中，向前瞻性战略性新兴产业集中。健全国有资本合理流动机制，统筹推进战略性重组和专业化整合，加快调整存量结构，优化增量投向，加强在关键核心技术攻关和前瞻性战略性产业领域的投入布局，增加医疗卫生、健康养老、防灾减灾、应急保障等民生领域公共服务有效供给，增强重要能源资源托底作用，维护产业链供应链安全。深化国有资本投资、运营公司改革，打造国有资本投资布局、整合运作和进退流转的专业化平台，有效发挥投资公司产业投资功能和运营公司资本运作功能，促进存量资产盘活和低效无效资产处置，着力当好长期资本、耐心资本、战略资本。完善国有资本经营预算和绩效评价制度，强化国家重大战略任务和基本民生财力保障。

　　进一步深化分类改革、分类考核、分类核算。完善国有企业分类考核评价体系，根据企业不同功能作用，设置更有针对性、个性化的考核指标，探索实行“一业一策、一企一策”考核，充分体现对科技创新的高度重视，充分体现国家战略导向、战略要求，充分体现对共性量化指标与个体差异性的精准把握。建立国有企业履行战略使命评价制度，建立科学客观、可量化的国有企业功能价值评价体系，对国有企业履行战略使命情况进行定期评价。开展国有经济增加值核算，夯实国民经济结构调整的决策基础。推进能源、铁路、电信、水利、公用事业等行业自然垄断环节独立运营和竞争性环节市场化改革，推动公共资源配置市场化，健全监管体制机制。

　　健全国有企业推进原始创新制度安排。发挥新型举国体制优势，支持国有企业更大范围、更高层次、更深程度融入国家创新体系，积极承担国家重点研发计划、重大科技项目，牵头或参与国家科技攻关任务，强化项目、基地、人才、资金一体化配置，促进创新要素向企业集聚，推动国有企业真正成为原创技术创新决策、研发投入、科研组织、成果转化的重要主体。建立多元化资金投入机制，提升原创技术研发投入占比，建立企业研发准备金制度，鼓励开展高风险、高价值基础研究。加强关键共性技术、前沿引领技术、现代工程技术、颠覆性技术创新，推动科技创新从跟踪型向开创型、引领型转变。发挥国有企业市场需求、集成创新、组织平台优势，推进产学研用深度融合，完善产业链上下游、大中小企业协同创新合作机制，打造创新联合体升级版，推进从基础研究到产业化应用的全链条创新，促进科技创新与产业发展的良性循环。优化创新生态，实施更加积极、更加开放、更加有效的人才政策，灵活开展股权分红等多种形式中长期激励，加快推进科技成果赋权改革，加快建设国家战略人才力量，着力培养造就战略科学家、一流科技领军人才和创新团队，着力培养造就卓越工程师、大国工匠、高技能人才，大力弘扬优秀企业家精神和科学家精神，对科技创新活动给予足够包容支持。

　　完善国资国企管理监督体制机制。完善党领导国资国企工作的各项制度，坚持和加强党中央对国有经济的集中统一领导，强化对国有经济重大战略规划、重要方针政策、重大决策部署的顶层设计、统筹协调、整体推进、督促落实。增强各有关管理部门战略协同，加强政策协调和信息共享，最大程度减少行政干预，形成工作合力。不断健全经营性国有资产出资人制度和集中统一监管制度，打造专责专业的国有资产监管机构，深入推进专业化、体系化、法治化、高效化监管，强化经营性国有资产集中统一监管。完善中国特色国有企业现代公司治理，健全推进国有企业在完善公司治理中加强党的领导的制度机制，创新混合所有制企业党的建设工作机制，提升董事会建设质量，完善外部董事评价和激励约束机制，深化落实三项制度改革，深入实施经理层成员任期制和契约化管理，推动国有企业真正按市场化机制运营。健全更加精准规范高效的收入分配机制，深化国有企业工资决定机制改革，合理确定并严格规范国有企业各级负责人薪酬、津贴补贴等。以党内监督为主导，促进出资人监督和纪检监察监督、巡视监督、审计监督、社会监督等各类监督主体贯通协调，健全国有资产监督问责机制，不断提升监督效能，坚决防止国有资产流失。

 

 Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises (study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee)

Zhang Yuzhuo, People's Daily (August 16, 2024, Page 09)

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee made further major arrangements for deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises. This is an important strategic arrangement made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core to comprehensively promote Chinese-style modernization and achieve the second centenary goal. We must thoroughly study and understand General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on comprehensively deepening reform, deeply understand the strategic significance of deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, firmly grasp the correct direction of reform, and fully implement various key tasks. We must advance the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises in depth with a higher position and greater efforts, better fulfill the new responsibilities and missions of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, and make greater contributions to comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization.

Deeply understand the strategic significance of deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises

State-owned enterprises are an important material and political foundation of socialism with Chinese characteristics, an important pillar and support for the party's governance and national rejuvenation, and play an irreplaceable and important role in the process of comprehensively promoting Chinese-style modernization. Deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises is of great significance for consolidating the dominant position of public ownership, better playing the strategic supporting role of the state-owned economy, and ensuring the long-term rule of the Party and the long-term stability of the country.

It is an inevitable requirement to better fulfill the functions and missions of state-owned enterprises. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that promoting Chinese-style modernization is an unprecedented pioneering cause. At present, the world's century-old changes are accelerating in all directions and at a deep level. The international and domestic situations are complicated and complicated. The uncertainty and unpredictability of the external environment have become the norm. The problem of unbalanced and inadequate development in my country is still prominent, and the task of promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation is arduous and arduous. The country will prosper if the enterprises prosper, and the country will be strong if the enterprises are strong. Most state-owned enterprises are in important industries and key areas related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy. They are an important force to realize the country's strategic intentions and respond to changes in the external environment and major risks and challenges. Through deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, we must give priority to enhancing the strategic function value of state-owned enterprises, focus on the major issues of the country and the needs of the country, better play the role of scientific and technological innovation, industrial control, and security support, stabilize the overall situation, respond to the situation, and open up new situations with the certainty of development, and promote the steady and long-term development of the Party and the country.

A key measure to effectively enhance the vitality and efficiency of state-owned enterprises. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that state-owned enterprises must be reformed if they want to do well. It is not okay to stick to the old ways. If the reform is successful, they can become modern enterprises. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the reform and development of state-owned enterprises have made significant achievements. Some deep-seated institutional and mechanism obstacles have been effectively removed. The total assets of enterprises supervised by the national state-owned assets system have increased from 71.4 trillion yuan in 2012 to 317.1 trillion yuan in 2023, and the total profit has increased from 2.0 trillion yuan in 2012 to 4.5 trillion yuan in 2023. The scale, strength, quality and efficiency have been significantly improved. However, it must be clearly recognized that some stubborn diseases that affect the vitality and endogenous driving force of state-owned enterprises have not been completely resolved. Some enterprises still have problems such as low asset returns, insufficient innovation capabilities, and weak value creation capabilities, which are not in line with the requirements of building a high-level socialist market economic system. State-owned enterprises are an important part of the national governance system. We must deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, focus on enhancing vitality and improving efficiency, focus on key points, make up for shortcomings, strengthen weaknesses, continuously improve the governance capabilities and core competitiveness of modern enterprises, and accelerate the forging of modern new state-owned enterprises with new development methods, new corporate governance, new operating mechanisms, and new layout structures.

Accelerating the development of new quality productivity in state-owned enterprises is a practical need. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that high-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, and the development of new quality productivity is an inherent requirement and an important focus for promoting high-quality development. At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is developing in depth, and scientific and technological innovation has profoundly reshaped the basic elements of productivity. New quality productivity has been formed in practice and demonstrated a strong driving force and support for high-quality development. In recent years, state-owned enterprises have taken solid steps in high-quality development, but at the same time they are facing problems such as increasing resource and environmental constraints and increasingly unsustainable economic growth models under traditional productivity conditions. The situation of key core technologies being restricted by people has not been fundamentally reversed, and the layout of future technologies and future industries that may have a disruptive impact is still relatively lagging behind. Long-term economic growth depends on the improvement of total factor productivity, and the key to high-quality development of enterprises is innovation-driven. We must deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, strive to clear the bottlenecks that restrict the development of new quality productivity, continuously strengthen the source of innovation, accelerate the promotion of industrial innovation based on scientific and technological innovation, transform and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate and strengthen emerging industries, lay out and build future industries, open up new fields and new tracks, create new momentum and new advantages, and provide strong support for the construction of a modern industrial system.

Firmly grasp the principles and requirements of deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises

In order to implement the major arrangements made by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee on deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, we must take the study and implementation of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions on the reform and development of state-owned enterprises and party building as the guide, keep the right direction, adhere to the right direction and innovate, and truly achieve the integration of learning, thinking and practice, and the unity of knowing, believing and doing.

Adhere to the fundamental principle of the party's overall leadership over state-owned enterprises. Firmly safeguard the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, run the party's leadership throughout the entire process of deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, promote the deep integration of enterprise party building and production and operation, strengthen the construction of the leadership team and cadre talent team of state-owned enterprises, actively create a good political ecology with clear and upright atmosphere, and effectively play the leading and guaranteeing role of high-quality party building.

Adhere to the overall goal of strengthening, optimizing and expanding state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises. Adhere to and implement the "two unshakable" principles, fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, focus on achieving high-quality development and serving the construction of a new development pattern, promote state-owned enterprises to be not only unswervingly bigger, but also more determined to be stronger and better, continuously develop and expand the state-owned economy, and consolidate the economic foundation of socialism; give play to the leading and driving role of the state-owned economy, and promote the complementary advantages and common development of various ownership economies.

Adhere to the reform focus of enhancing core functions and improving core competitiveness. Stand in the overall situation of the work of the Party and the country, guide state-owned enterprises to strengthen their functions such as strategic security, industrial leadership, national economy and people's livelihood, and public services, focus on the main responsibilities and main businesses to develop the real economy, enhance continuous innovation capabilities and value creation capabilities, accelerate the transformation to a high-quality, high-efficiency and sustainable development mode, strive to create unique competitive advantages that can continuously create benefits, cultivate a group of world-class enterprises with global competitiveness, effectively enhance the functional value of state-owned enterprises, and achieve the organic unity of economic attributes, political attributes, and social attributes at a high level.

Adhere to the dialectical unity of "letting go" and "controlling". Adhere to the separation of government and enterprises, and the separation of government and capital, continue to deepen the reform of systems and mechanisms, fully respect and safeguard the property rights and business autonomy of corporate legal persons, put what should be put in place, make state-owned enterprises full of vitality, and fully activate the potential for innovation and creation; adhere to the bottom line of preventing the loss of state-owned assets, firmly manage what should be managed, implement the responsibility of maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned assets, improve the system of preventing the loss of state-owned assets, improve the supervision and management system of state-owned assets, guide enterprises to operate in accordance with the law, and realize the modernization of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises.

Fully implement the key tasks of deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises

Deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises focuses on implementation. We must consciously take deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises as a major responsibility, effectively connect it with the implementation of the deepening and upgrading of state-owned enterprise reform, and implement it with a spirit of nailing down to ensure the effectiveness of the reform.

Deepen the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy. Promote the strengthening, optimization and expansion of state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises, enhance core functions, and improve core competitiveness. Improve the management of main responsibilities and main businesses, formulate and improve the dynamic management methods of the main responsibilities and main businesses of state-owned enterprises, further clarify the functional positioning of different types of state-owned enterprises, and build a management mechanism of performing duties in accordance with the law, classified supervision, dynamic adjustment, and flexible authorization. Improve the investment management system of state-owned enterprises, improve the negative investment list, establish a post-investment evaluation system, and resolutely curb the blind diversification and "spreading out" tendency of some state-owned enterprises. Promote the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, coordinate the layout of major productive forces in the state-owned economy, clarify the key investment areas and directions of state-owned capital, and promote the concentration of state-owned capital in important industries and key areas related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy, in public services, emergency response capabilities, and public welfare areas related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and in forward-looking strategic emerging industries. Improve the mechanism for the reasonable flow of state-owned capital, coordinate the promotion of strategic restructuring and professional integration, accelerate the adjustment of the stock structure, optimize the incremental investment direction, strengthen the investment layout in key core technology research and forward-looking strategic industries, increase the effective supply of public services in the fields of medical care, health care, disaster prevention and mitigation, emergency support, etc., enhance the bottoming role of important energy resources, and maintain the security of the industrial chain and supply chain. Deepen the reform of state-owned capital investment and operation companies, build a professional platform for state-owned capital investment layout, integrated operation and transfer, effectively play the industrial investment function of investment companies and the capital operation function of operation companies, promote the revitalization of stock assets and the disposal of inefficient and invalid assets, and strive to be long-term capital, patient capital, and strategic capital. Improve the state-owned capital operation budget and performance evaluation system, and strengthen the financial support for major national strategic tasks and basic people's livelihood.

Further deepen classification reform, classification assessment, and classification accounting. Improve the classification assessment and evaluation system of state-owned enterprises, set more targeted and personalized assessment indicators according to the different functions of enterprises, explore the implementation of "one industry, one policy, one enterprise, one policy" assessment, fully reflect the high attention to scientific and technological innovation, fully reflect the national strategic orientation and strategic requirements, and fully reflect the accurate grasp of common quantitative indicators and individual differences. Establish an evaluation system for state-owned enterprises to fulfill their strategic missions, establish a scientific, objective, and quantifiable evaluation system for the functional value of state-owned enterprises, and conduct regular evaluations on the performance of state-owned enterprises in fulfilling their strategic missions. Carry out value-added accounting of the state-owned economy and consolidate the decision-making basis for the adjustment of the national economic structure. Promote the independent operation of natural monopoly links and market-oriented reform of competitive links in industries such as energy, railways, telecommunications, water conservancy, and public utilities, promote the marketization of public resource allocation, and improve the regulatory system and mechanism.

Improve the institutional arrangements for state-owned enterprises to promote original innovation. Give full play to the advantages of the new national system, support state-owned enterprises to integrate into the national innovation system on a larger scale, at a higher level, and to a deeper degree, actively undertake national key R&D plans and major scientific and technological projects, take the lead or participate in national scientific and technological tasks, strengthen the integrated allocation of projects, bases, talents, and funds, promote the gathering of innovation elements to enterprises, and promote state-owned enterprises to truly become important entities for original technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization, and achievement transformation. Establish a diversified funding mechanism, increase the proportion of original technology R&D investment, establish an enterprise R&D reserve system, and encourage high-risk and high-value basic research. Strengthen the innovation of key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technologies, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological innovation from tracking to pioneering and leading. Give full play to the advantages of state-owned enterprises in market demand, integrated innovation, and organizational platforms, promote the deep integration of production, education, research, and application, improve the collaborative innovation cooperation mechanism of upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, large, medium and small enterprises, create an upgraded version of the innovation consortium, promote full-chain innovation from basic research to industrial application, and promote a virtuous cycle of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development. Optimize the innovation ecology, implement more active, more open, and more effective talent policies, flexibly carry out various forms of medium- and long-term incentives such as equity dividends, accelerate the reform of empowering scientific and technological achievements, accelerate the construction of national strategic talent forces, focus on cultivating and training strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders and innovation teams, focus on cultivating and training outstanding engineers, great craftsmen, and highly skilled talents, vigorously promote the spirit of outstanding entrepreneurs and scientists, and give sufficient tolerance and support to scientific and technological innovation activities.

Improve the management and supervision system and mechanism of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises. Improve the various systems for the Party's leadership of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, adhere to and strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee over the state-owned economy, and strengthen the top-level design, overall coordination, overall promotion, and supervision and implementation of major strategic plans, important policies, and major decisions and deployments of the state-owned economy. Enhance strategic coordination among relevant management departments, strengthen policy coordination and information sharing, minimize administrative intervention, and form a joint force for work. Continuously improve the investor system and centralized and unified supervision system for operating state-owned assets, build a dedicated and professional state-owned asset supervision agency, deepen the professional, systematic, legal and efficient supervision, and strengthen the centralized and unified supervision of operating state-owned assets. Improve the modern corporate governance of state-owned enterprises with Chinese characteristics, improve the institutional mechanism for promoting state-owned enterprises to strengthen the party's leadership in improving corporate governance, innovate the party building work mechanism of mixed-ownership enterprises, improve the quality of board construction, improve the evaluation and incentive and constraint mechanism of external directors, deepen the implementation of the three systems reform, and deeply implement the term system and contractual management of management members, so as to promote state-owned enterprises to truly operate according to market mechanisms. Improve a more accurate, standardized and efficient income distribution mechanism, deepen the reform of the wage determination mechanism of state-owned enterprises, and reasonably determine and strictly regulate the remuneration, allowances and subsidies of heads at all levels of state-owned enterprises. With intra-party supervision as the leading factor, promote the coordination of investor supervision and various supervision subjects such as discipline inspection and supervision, inspection supervision, audit supervision, and social supervision, improve the state-owned assets supervision and accountability mechanism, continuously improve the supervision efficiency, and resolutely prevent the loss of state-owned assets.