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两点论的客观依据是：一切事物都是矛盾的统一体，都包含有相互矛盾着的两个侧面，都有自己的两点;正是矛盾的两个方面既对立又统一，推动事物发展。[The objective basis of the two-point principle is that all things are a unity of contradictions, contain two contradictory aspects, and have their own two points; it is the two aspects of the contradiction that are both opposite and unified that drive the development of things.] (两点论).
A core element of the expression of the Communist Party of China's (CPC) Basic Line is expressed through the practice of coordination. Coordination, in turn, is a critical element of sound approaches to contraction and encompasses the fundamental dialectical element of the so-called “two point theory” [两点论]. In his "Economic work must coordinate several important relationships" the General Secretary put it this way: “In analyzing the situation, we must adhere to the "two-point theory", not only talk about the achievements, but also talk about the problems” [分析形势要坚持“两点论”，既把成绩讲够，也把问题说透。] (经济工作必须统筹好几对重要关系). See, Economic Dialectics Must be Coordinated! Brief Reflections on 习近平, 经济工作必须统筹好几对重要关系 [Xi Jinping, "Economic work must coordinate several important relationships"] and Marxist-Leninist Phenomenology in Socialist Modernization. And, indeed, there is much value in considering the dialectics, oppositions, and directional signals of "twoness" in contemporary Chinese Leninism. Consider the semiotic coupling of two in a recent analysis:
新华社成都3月19日电 3月17日至19日[2025]，中共中央书记处书记、公安部部长王小洪在重庆和四川调研。他强调，要认真学习贯彻习近平总书记重要讲话和全国两会精神，坚定拥护“两个确立”、坚决做到“两个维护”，更好统筹发展和安全，准确把握当前新形势新任务新要求，组织开展好深入贯彻中央八项规定精神学习教育，更加精准有力地做好防风险、保安全、护稳定、促发展各项工作，不断提升公安机关新质战斗力，为续写“两大奇迹”新篇章贡献更大公安力量。[Xinhua News Agency, Chengdu, March 19. From March 17 to 19, Wang Xiaohong, Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of Public Security, conducted research in Chongqing and Sichuan. He stressed that we must earnestly study and implement the important speech of General Secretary Xi Jinping and the spirit of the two sessions of the National People's Congress, firmly support the "two establishments", resolutely implement the "two safeguards", better coordinate development and security, accurately grasp the current new situation, new tasks and new requirements, organize and carry out in-depth learning and education on the implementation of the spirit of the Central Eight Regulations, and do a more accurate and effective job in preventing risks, ensuring safety, maintaining stability, and promoting development. Work, continuously improve the new quality combat effectiveness of public security organs, and contribute greater public security forces to write a new chapter of the "two miracles".] (王小洪在重庆和四川调研时强调：更好统筹发展和安全 为续写“两大奇迹”新篇章贡献更大公安力量 [Wang Xiaohong stressed during his research in Chongqing and Sichuan: Better coordinate development and security to contribute greater public security forces to write a new chapter of the "two miracles"])
In the area of economic development, and within the broader goals of Socialist Modernization, the two miracles means something slightly different: rapid economic development and long term social stability: "习近平总书记在庆祝中华人民共和国成立75周年招待会上强调，中华人民共和国成立75年来，我们党团结带领全国各族人民不懈奋斗，创造了经济快速发展和社会长期稳定两大奇迹，中国发生沧海桑田的巨大变化，中华民族伟大复兴进入了不可逆转的历史进程" [General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the reception celebrating the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China that over the past 75 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, our party has united and led the people of all ethnic groups in the country to work tirelessly and created two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability. ] (中国人民必将创造出新的更大辉煌
[The Chinese people will surely create new and greater glory]).
In the economic sphere, it is these dialectics, these binaries of contrary aspects as understood as a part of the 两点论 principle within the broader goals of Socialist Modernization, that must be coordinated under the guidance and leadership of the CPC. These include the contradictions between (1) domestic and foreign economies, each requiring their own organization of production and circulation ( 国内国际双循环); (2) state enterprises and private enterprises in the domestic and foreign circulation economies (习近平：民营经济发展前景广阔大有可为 民营企业和民营企业家大显身手正当其时 ); (3) domestic enterprises and foreign enterprises; and (4) transactions in good/services and foreign direct investment (inbound and outbound) and common prosperity (Cf. here; here).
It follows that contemporary approaches to Chinese style socialist modernization requires coordination between all of these contradictions, that is between all of these "two point" nodes. This coordination responsibility is driven by the need to ensure that socialist modernization advances its critical characteristics society-wide (new or high quality production) and that it is directed toward overcoming the challenge of the principal contradiction of China in this current stage of its historical development. All of this, in turn, is to be undertaken without deviation from the "Socialist Path."
The General Secretary has been focusing on each of these elements in recent times. Among the more recent areas of focus has been on the dialectics within the dual circulation economy policy--between state and private enterprises in China, and between foreign and domestic enterprises in and through China. The first I have already spoken to--the coordinated oppositions of domestic state owned/controlled and private enterprises within the socialist modernization umbrella. See 习近平：民营经济发展前景广阔大有可为 民营企业和民营企业家大显身手正当其时 [Xi Jinping: The development prospects of the private economy are broad and promising. It is the right time for private enterprises and private entrepreneurs to show their talents] and the Maturing of the two unwaverings [两个毫不动摇] policy
The symposium, and the discussion by the General Secretary, however one frames the political narratives around it, was important if only to add clarity to the way that the policy of the two unwaverings [两个毫不动摇 (liǎnggè háobù dòngyáo)] is now being refined after the 3rd Plenum of the 20th Party Congress and its important developments of socialist (Chinese stye) modernization and high quality production within it (See 切实落实“两个毫不动摇” 习近平这样要求 [Xi Jingping Requires the Practical Implementation of the Two Unwaverings policy] . . . It also suggests both the instrumental nature of markets, and even more the complementary-instrumental nature of the private sector. It in this this respect that one might better appreciate the reporting of the General Secretary's participation in the event: "The General Secretary's concern and support for the private economy has a long history: "I have always supported private enterprises, and I have worked in places where the private economy is relatively developed. * * * General Secretary reiterated: "The basic principles and policies of the Party and the State for the development of the private economy have been incorporated into the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. They will be consistently adhered to and implemented. They cannot and will not change.""[“我是一贯支持民营企业的，也是在民营经济比较发达的地方干过来的。” * * * 总书记再次强调：“党和国家对民营经济发展的基本方针政策，已经纳入中国特色社会主义制度体系，将一以贯之坚持和落实，不能变，也不会变。”] ( “我是一贯支持民营企业的” ["I have always supported private enterprises"]).
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The second, the international aspects of dual circulation was the subject of a recent set of high level meetings in Beijing. It was reported that "On the morning of March 28, President Xi Jinping met with representatives of the international business community at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. . . Xi Jinping welcomed the arrival of representatives of the international business community and expressed his appreciation for their long-term commitment to cooperation with China." [3月28日上午，国家主席习近平在北京人民大会堂会见国际工商界代表。. . . 习近平对国际工商界代表的到来表示欢迎，对他们长期致力于对华合作表示赞赏。] (习近平会见国际工商界代表 [Xi Jinping meets with representatives of the international business community]).
40余位外资企业全球董事长、首席执行官和商协会代表参加会见。美国联邦快递集团总裁芮思博、德国梅赛德斯－奔驰集团董事会主席康林松、法国赛诺菲集团首席执行官韩保罗、英国汇丰控股集团行政总裁艾桥智、日本日立制作所会长东原敏昭、韩国SK海力士社长郭鲁正、沙特阿美总裁纳瑟尔等先后发言。[More than 40 global chairmen, CEOs and business associations of foreign-invested enterprises attended the meeting. FedEx Group President Martin Reisberg, Mercedes-Benz Group Chairman Ola Källenius, Sanofi CEO Paul Han, HSBC Holdings Group CEO Tom Aiqiao, Hitachi Ltd. Chairman Toshiaki Higashihara, SK Hynix President Luzheng Guo, and Saudi Aramco President Nasser spoke successively.] (习近平会见国际工商界代表)
The General Secretary was reported to have spoken to two miracles in the sense spoken of in (中国人民必将创造出新的更大辉煌 [The Chinese people will surely create new and greater glory]), that is of rapid economic development and long term social stability. That domestic objective of development is aided in part of inbound direct foreign investment. And it is in that endeavor that the General Secretary reached out to high officials from important private (and mostly liberal democratic state based) enterprises. For the foreigners it is framed in the classic form of win-win strategies (win-win considered in its broader implications here, and here). Win win (and its unequal or multi-tracked value to consumer basis)) drives notions such as that of the now popular "common prosperity" with both internal and external dimensions.
Practice has proved that foreign-invested enterprises are important participants in China's modernization, China's reform and opening up, innovation and creation, and China's connection with the world and integration into economic globalization. In this process, foreign-invested enterprises have generally received rich returns, and enterprises have continued to grow and develop, achieving mutual benefit and win-win results, and have also forged deep friendship with the Chinese people. [实践证明，外资企业是中国式现代化的重要参与者，是中国改革开放和创新创造的重要参与者，是中国联通世界、融入经济全球化的重要参与者。在这一过程中，外资企业普遍得到丰厚回报，企业不断发展壮大，实现了互利共赢，也同中国人民结下深厚友谊。] (习近平会见国际工商界代表 )
The idea appears to be that as China has been the stabilizing force in global trade in recent times (and thus in the spirit of dialectical analysis the United States represents the forces of trade instability, then it only makes sense for stability seeking business to migrate their investment and money making potential to the stable rather than the unstable space. "习近平指出，多年来，中国一直是世界经济增长的主要贡献者和稳定锚，正在全面推进中国式现代化。对外开放是中国的基本国策" [Xi Jinping pointed out that for many years, China has been the main contributor and stabilizing anchor of world economic growth, and is comprehensively promoting China's modernization. Opening up to the outside world is China's basic national policy. ] (习近平会见国际工商界代表 ). Opening up remains as necessary to socialist modernization as it was during the Reform and Opening Up Era but in a different way. It provides an important vector for coordinating effectively the dialectics f domestic and international circulation--not just of goods and services, but also of investment. It provides a way of coordinating inbound ad outbound productivity and a conduit to outside markets. And it provides a means of end running foreign states by focusing on projections of economic objectives through private markets. Here is the win win, then,in return for contributing for to China's development along the socialist path domestically and internationally, China offers stability and markets.
这些表明，中国事业舞台大，市场前景广，政策预期稳，安全形势好，正是有利于外资企业投资兴业的一方沃土。中国过去是、现在是、将来也必然是外商理想、安全、有为的投资目的地，与中国同行就是与机遇同行，相信中国就是相信明天，投资中国就是投资未来。[These indicate that China has a large business stage, broad market prospects, stable policy expectations, and a good security situation, which is a fertile ground for foreign-funded enterprises to invest and start businesses. China has been, is, and will be an ideal, safe, and promising investment destination for foreign businessmen. Going with China means going with opportunities, believing in China means believing in tomorrow, and investing in China means investing in the future.]
It is, to a large degree, a perhaps more theoretically comprehensive Marxist Leninist version of what the United States is attempting in its America First Initiative, The differences, of course, are substantial--but not their objectives. In both cases hegemony is built through a complex interlocking system of mutual arrangements that benefit each of the parties but in different (incomparable o unequal depending on your measure taste) ways. Each is directed toward the development of the core by balancing a number of contradictions. And each requires a substantial amount of effort in coordinating dialectics, oppositions, and desire, all bent to the "good" defined by and within the current stage of historical development of each state and the ideological ideal each strives toward--one the establishment of a communist society (eventually); the other the protection and enhancement of the expectations and desires of the people as they may be expressed from generation to generation, protected by the state and driven by individuals aggregating choices in all sorts of markets. For business officials, the issue then becomes one of structural coupling--the way that they might tale advantage of home and host states. That is, that win win requires a three way mutuality between business, home and host state. It is there, rather than in the conditions of China or the United States, that instability remains a formidable obstacle. And in both cases there is substantial pressure from leaders to ensure that domestic markets and economic growth is protected.
But not a great enough obstacle to prevent hedging. As reported by the New York Times:
The meeting with Mr. Xi came four days after the China Development Forum, an annual economic and finance event attended by global executives. Tim Cook of Apple, Stephen Schwarzman of the Blackstone Group and executives from AstraZeneca, Cargill, Pfizer and FedEx, among others, were in Beijing to attend the forum along with the presidents of dozens of Chinese companies.Speaking at the forum, Mr. Källenius of Mercedes-Benz talked about how his company had invested in Chinese engineering, including $2 billion spent in China on a long-wheelbase electric car. China tapped $116 billion in foreign investment last year, down from $163 billion the preceding year and a peak of $189 billion in 2022, according to China’s Ministry of Commerce. Much of that money comes from the reinvestment of profits from existing operations. (Xi Jinping Meets Global Business Leaders Amid Trade Tensions)Yet the hedging also aligns with the dual circulation strategy now adapted to transnational investment and trade. Foreign forms may buy objects from China, and China objects from foreigners (the external closed loop of dual circulation). But investment appears bifurcated with a wall separating the Chinese investments of overseas companies (within the closed loop of domestic circulation). Ultimately that seems to be the emerging shape if win-win. (For the best face Chinese version of the win win see here).
The summary of the remarks of the General Secretary do not do justice to the original. Xi Jinping's speech was delivered ot these foreign officials on 28 March 2025: 习近平会见国际工商界代表时的讲话（全文）(2025-03-28 23:21) [Xi Jinping's speech at the meeting with representatives of the international business community (full text)].
A last but perhaps interesting point, with a nod to Henry Gao who noted the performative aspects of the visual memorialization of General Secretary's meeting with Chinese enterprise officials. Semitoically, the differences in the visual memorialization of the meeting--that was meant to deepen (optically) its normative essence were quite distinct. The distinctions, in turn, heightened the dialectical positioning of the parties of each of the meetings within a coordinated two point principle (两点论) framework.The General Secretary, as the core of the Party, instructs local business and commercial officials. That was the messaging from the images circulated of the General Secretary's meeting s with domestic enterprise operators (and reproduced above). The pictures shows business leaders dutifully taking note of the instruction being received. The General Secretary, as the core of the leadership of the State apparatus, leads and guides foreign business and commercial officials.The picture circulated shows the General Secretary as the leading force of new ideas and the emerging situation around which success and business opportunity is drawn internationally. The image is dynamic--the General Secretary is walking toward the future; business leaders from foreign places are grateful for the opportunity to follow that lead.
The text of the reporting, 习近平会见国际工商界代表 [Xi Jinping meets with representatives of the international business community] and Xi Jinping's Speech to business leaders foolow below in the original Chinese and in a crude English translation.
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习近平会见国际工商界代表
新华社北京3月28日电（记者杨依军、孙奕）3月28日上午，国家主席习近平在北京人民大会堂会见国际工商界代表。
3月28日上午，国家主席习近平在北京人民大会堂会见国际工商界代表。新华社记者 李学仁 摄
习近平对国际工商界代表的到来表示欢迎，对他们长期致力于对华合作表示赞赏。习近平强调，新中国成立70多年特别是改革开放40多年来，创造了经济快速发展和社会长期稳定“两大奇迹”，靠的是中国共产党坚强领导和中国人民团结奋斗，也离不开国际社会支持帮助，包括在华外资企业作出的贡献。改革开放使中国快速进入世界市场、大踏步赶上时代，重要一条就是积极利用外资。外资企业来华投资，带动了中国经济增长和就业，促进了中国技术和管理进步，助推了中国改革开放。实践证明，外资企业是中国式现代化的重要参与者，是中国改革开放和创新创造的重要参与者，是中国联通世界、融入经济全球化的重要参与者。在这一过程中，外资企业普遍得到丰厚回报，企业不断发展壮大，实现了互利共赢，也同中国人民结下深厚友谊。
3月28日上午，国家主席习近平在北京人民大会堂会见国际工商界代表。新华社记者 黄敬文 摄
习近平指出，多年来，中国一直是世界经济增长的主要贡献者和稳定锚，正在全面推进中国式现代化。对外开放是中国的基本国策，中国正在推进高水平对外开放，稳步扩大规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放，开放的大门只会越开越大，利用外资的政策没有变也不会变。中国是全球第二大消费市场，拥有全球最大规模中等收入群体，蕴含着巨大投资和消费潜力。中国致力于高质量发展，绿色化、数字化、智能化转型加快推进，产业配套能力强，是新一轮科技革命和产业变革的最佳应用场景。中国已经形成比较健全的利用外资法规政策体系和工作体系，推动贸易和投资自由化便利化，积极营造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境。中国长期保持政局稳定、社会安定，是世界公认的最安全国家之一。这些表明，中国事业舞台大，市场前景广，政策预期稳，安全形势好，正是有利于外资企业投资兴业的一方沃土。中国过去是、现在是、将来也必然是外商理想、安全、有为的投资目的地，与中国同行就是与机遇同行，相信中国就是相信明天，投资中国就是投资未来。
3月28日上午，国家主席习近平在北京人民大会堂会见国际工商界代表。新华社记者 李学仁 摄
习近平强调，中共二十届三中全会已经对深化外商投资和对外投资管理体制改革制定路线图和时间表。中国将以降低市场准入门槛为重点，进一步扩大开放；保障在华外资企业同等享受国民待遇，维护市场公平竞争；加强同外商沟通交流，为其来华贸易投资尽可能提供便利，依法保护外资企业合法权益。同时，中国将坚定不移走和平发展道路，努力为外资企业发展营造良好外部环境。
习近平指出，多边主义是解决世界面临困难挑战的必然选择，经济全球化是不可阻挡的历史潮流。中国坚持真正的多边主义，推动普惠包容的经济全球化，积极参与全球经济治理，致力于建设开放型世界经济。外资企业特别是跨国公司在维护世界经济秩序中发挥着重要作用，也承担着重要责任。要共同维护多边贸易体制，共同维护全球产业链供应链稳定，共同维护开放合作的国际环境，推动经济全球化朝着正确方向发展。
3月28日上午，国家主席习近平在北京人民大会堂会见国际工商界代表。新华社记者 丁林 摄
40余位外资企业全球董事长、首席执行官和商协会代表参加会见。美国联邦快递集团总裁芮思博、德国梅赛德斯－奔驰集团董事会主席康林松、法国赛诺菲集团首席执行官韩保罗、英国汇丰控股集团行政总裁艾桥智、日本日立制作所会长东原敏昭、韩国SK海力士社长郭鲁正、沙特阿美总裁纳瑟尔等先后发言。
他们表示，在习近平主席领导下，中国通过全面深化改革、扩大高水平对外开放，实现经济稳定增长，令人钦佩。从“中国制造”到“新质生产力”，中国以科技创新赋能产业转型升级，将实现更高质量、更可持续的发展，中国经济前景光明。在保护主义加剧背景下，中国不断扩大开放，为全球经济注入稳定性，成为确定性的绿洲和投资兴业的热土。中国的发展是世界经济的核心驱动力，中国的广阔机遇和成长空间令人振奋。高度赞赏中国政府为外资企业营造公平、良好营商环境，将坚定不移扩大对华投资合作，深耕中国市场，积极参与中国式现代化进程，为中外交流合作搭建桥梁，支持全球市场开放，维护国际自由贸易，为世界经济发展作出贡献。
蔡奇、王毅、何立峰等参加会见。
Xi Jinping meets with representatives of the international business community
2025-03-28 13:36 Source: Xinhua News Agency
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Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 28 (Reporters Yang Yijun and Sun Yi) On the morning of March 28, President Xi Jinping met with representatives of the international business community at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
On the morning of March 28, President Xi Jinping met with representatives of the international business community at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xueren
Xi Jinping welcomed the arrival of representatives of the international business community and expressed his appreciation for their long-term commitment to cooperation with China. Xi Jinping emphasized that over the past 70 years since the founding of New China, especially over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the "two miracles" of rapid economic development and long-term social stability have been created. This is due to the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China and the united struggle of the Chinese people. It is also inseparable from the support and help of the international community, including the contributions made by foreign-funded enterprises in China. Reform and opening up have enabled China to quickly enter the world market and catch up with the times in great strides. One important thing is to actively utilize foreign capital. Foreign-funded enterprises' investment in China has driven China's economic growth and employment, promoted China's technological and management progress, and promoted China's reform and opening up. Practice has proved that foreign-invested enterprises are important participants in China's modernization, China's reform and opening up, innovation and creation, and China's connection with the world and integration into economic globalization. In this process, foreign-invested enterprises have generally received rich returns, and enterprises have continued to grow and develop, achieving mutual benefit and win-win results, and have also forged deep friendship with the Chinese people.
On the morning of March 28, President Xi Jinping met with representatives of the international business community at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Jingwen photo
Xi Jinping pointed out that for many years, China has been the main contributor and stabilizing anchor of world economic growth, and is comprehensively promoting China's modernization. Opening up to the outside world is China's basic national policy. China is promoting high-level opening up to the outside world and steadily expanding institutional opening up such as rules, regulations, management, and standards. The door to opening up will only open wider and wider, and the policy of utilizing foreign capital has not changed and will not change. China is the world's second largest consumer market, with the world's largest middle-income group, and contains huge investment and consumption potential. China is committed to high-quality development, accelerating green, digital, and intelligent transformation, and has strong industrial supporting capabilities. It is the best application scenario for a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. China has formed a relatively sound system of laws, policies and work for utilizing foreign investment, promoted the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment, and actively created a market-oriented, rule-of-law and internationalized first-class business environment. China has maintained political stability and social stability for a long time, and is recognized as one of the safest countries in the world. These show that China has a large business stage, broad market prospects, stable policy expectations and a good security situation, which is a fertile ground for foreign-funded enterprises to invest and start businesses. China has been, is and will be an ideal, safe and promising investment destination for foreign investors. Going with China means going with opportunities, believing in China means believing in tomorrow, and investing in China means investing in the future.
On the morning of March 28, President Xi Jinping met with representatives of the international business community at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xueren
Xi Jinping emphasized that the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee has formulated a roadmap and timetable for deepening the reform of the foreign investment and outbound investment management system. China will further expand opening up with a focus on lowering market access thresholds; ensure that foreign-invested enterprises in China enjoy equal national treatment and maintain fair competition in the market; strengthen communication and exchanges with foreign businessmen, provide as much convenience as possible for their trade and investment in China, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign-invested enterprises in accordance with the law. At the same time, China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development and strive to create a good external environment for the development of foreign-invested enterprises.
Xi Jinping pointed out that multilateralism is the inevitable choice to solve the difficult challenges facing the world, and economic globalization is an unstoppable historical trend. China adheres to true multilateralism, promotes inclusive economic globalization, actively participates in global economic governance, and is committed to building an open world economy. Foreign-invested enterprises, especially multinational corporations, play an important role in maintaining the world economic order and also bear important responsibilities. We must jointly maintain the multilateral trading system, jointly maintain the stability of the global industrial chain and supply chain, jointly maintain an open and cooperative international environment, and promote economic globalization in the right direction.
On the morning of March 28, President Xi Jinping met with representatives of the international business community at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ding Lin
More than 40 global chairmen, CEOs and business associations of foreign-invested enterprises attended the meeting. FedEx Group President Martin Reisberg, Mercedes-Benz Group Chairman Ola Källenius, Sanofi CEO Paul Han, HSBC Holdings Group CEO Tom Aiqiao, Hitachi Ltd. Chairman Toshiaki Higashihara, SK Hynix President Luzheng Guo, and Saudi Aramco President Nasser spoke successively.
They said that under the leadership of President Xi Jinping, China has achieved stable economic growth through comprehensive deepening of reforms and expansion of high-level opening up, which is admirable. From "Made in China" to "New Quality Productivity", China will achieve higher quality and more sustainable development by enabling industrial transformation and upgrading with scientific and technological innovation, and China's economic prospects are bright. Against the backdrop of intensified protectionism, China has continuously expanded its opening up, injected stability into the global economy, and become an oasis of certainty and a hotbed for investment and business. China's development is the core driving force of the world economy, and China's broad opportunities and growth space are exciting. He highly appreciated the Chinese government's efforts to create a fair and good business environment for foreign-funded enterprises. He will unswervingly expand investment and cooperation with China, deepen the Chinese market, actively participate in the process of China's modernization, build bridges for exchanges and cooperation between China and foreign countries, support the opening of global markets, safeguard international free trade, and contribute to the development of the world economy.
Cai Qi, Wang Yi, He Lifeng and others attended the meeting.
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会见国际工商界代表时的讲话
（2025年3月28日，北京）
中华人民共和国主席 习近平
在这春暖花开的时节，很高兴同大家会面交流。请大家来，是想听听大家的想法，回应大家的关切，支持广大外资企业在华更好发展。我谈4点认识。
一、外资企业在推动中国改革开放和现代化建设中发挥了重要作用
新中国成立70多年特别是改革开放40多年来，创造了经济快速发展和社会长期稳定“两大奇迹”，靠的是中国共产党坚强领导和中国人民团结奋斗，这其中也离不开国际社会支持帮助，包括在华外资企业作出的贡献。
改革开放使中国快速进入世界市场、大踏步赶上时代，重要一条就是积极利用外资。1979年，中国颁布中外合资经营企业法，逐步打开利用外资的大门。1992年，中国决定建立社会主义市场经济体制，外商投资中国全面加速。2001年，中国正式加入世界贸易组织，外商来华投资越来越多。中共十八大之后，中国进入高水平对外开放新阶段，利用外资取得新突破。截至目前，外商在华投资覆盖20个行业门类、115个行业大类，累计设立企业124万家，投资额近3万亿美元。
外商来华投资，在中国发展中发挥了重要作用。一是带动了中国经济增长和就业。外资企业贡献了中国1/3的进出口、1/4的工业增加值、1/7的税收，创造了3000多万个就业岗位。二是促进了中国技术和管理进步。外资企业带来的先进技术和管理经验，对中国企业发展和人才培养等产生了积极影响。过去10年，在华规模以上外资工业企业研发投入增长86.4%，有效发明专利数增长336%。三是助推了中国改革开放。促进中国深度参与全球产业分工，主动对接国际高标准经贸规则，推动了经济、科技、生态等多方面体制机制改革。外资企业还积极参与中国脱贫攻坚行动和其他社会公益事业，同中国人民结下深厚友谊。
实践证明，外资企业是中国式现代化的重要参与者，是中国改革开放和创新创造的重要参与者，是中国联通世界、融入经济全球化的重要参与者。这里，我向所有参与和支持中国发展的外资企业表示衷心感谢！
我们高兴地看到，外商来华投资，普遍得到丰厚回报。有的从单一业务扩大为综合经营，有的从驻足一地拓展为多点开花，有的从一个工厂壮大为企业集团，企业实力数倍、数十倍乃至上百倍增长。正如中国古语所讲的“投我以木桃，报之以琼瑶”，这体现的就是互利共赢。
二、中国将长期成为外资企业投资兴业的沃土
多年来，中国一直是世界经济增长的主要贡献者和稳定锚，正在全面推进中国式现代化，事业舞台大，市场前景广，政策预期稳，安全形势好，正是有利于外资企业投资兴业的一方沃土。
对外开放是中国的基本国策，中国正在推进高水平对外开放，稳步扩大规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放。我愿在此重申，中国推进改革开放坚定不移，开放的大门只会越开越大，利用外资的政策没有变也不会变。
中国是全球第二大消费市场，拥有全球最大规模中等收入群体，蕴含着巨大投资和消费潜力。中国致力于高质量发展，绿色化、数字化、智能化转型加快推进，产业配套能力强，是新一轮科技革命和产业变革的最佳应用场景。外资企业在中国可以尽展优势和能力，在全球竞争中赢得先机。
中国已经形成比较健全的利用外资法规政策体系和工作体系。我们加强外商投资立法，推动贸易和投资自由化便利化，积极营造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境，打造透明、稳定、可预期的政策环境，外资准入负面清单从最早190项缩减到现在的全国版29项和自贸试验区版27项，制造业领域已实现“清零”。近几年，国际经济环境变化比较大，我们出台稳外资系列政策，持续打造“投资中国”品牌，各地都加强了对外资企业的服务保障，这方面工作将越做越好。
中国长期保持政局稳定、社会安定，是世界公认的最安全国家之一。相信大家在华工作和生活，能够感受到以和为贵、和合共生的文明传承，体验到讲信修睦、亲仁善邻的社会氛围。
总之，中国过去是、现在是、将来也必然是外商理想、安全、有为的投资目的地，与中国同行就是与机遇同行，相信中国就是相信明天，投资中国就是投资未来。希望广大外资企业打消疑虑、坚定信心，放心来中国发展，分享中国发展机遇。
三、切实解决外资企业在华发展中遇到的问题
这些年，外资企业在华发展也确实遇到一些问题。中国政府的态度很鲜明，涉及我们国内管理的问题，就要通过进一步全面深化改革开放来解决。中共二十届三中全会已经对深化外商投资和对外投资管理体制改革制定路线图和时间表，相信随着改革措施落地，大家关切的问题会得到有效解决。
一是关于进一步扩大开放。降低市场准入门槛是我们接下来扩大开放的重点。我专门强调过，落实开放举措宜早不宜迟、宜快不宜慢。今年，我们将扩大一些方面开放试点，还将加快文化、教育等领域的开放。同时，我们将着力破解市场准入中“大门开、小门不开”的具体问题，让外资企业在我们已经开放的领域“既准入又准营”。
二是关于维护市场公平竞争。我们一贯认为，对于在中国的外资企业，理应保障其国民待遇，做到法律适用上一致、地位待遇上平等。我们将保证外资企业依法公平获得生产要素，加快构建全国统一大市场，着力整治一些领域的“内卷式”竞争，保障外资企业在华生产的产品依法平等参与政府采购。对于大家的诉求，我们将认真研究，有什么问题就及时解决什么问题。
三是关于加强服务保障。我多次要求，要加强同外商沟通交流，为来华贸易投资尽可能提供便利，依法保护外资企业合法权益。中国商务部每月召开一次外资企业圆桌会议，听取企业诉求，帮助排忧解难。国家发展改革委持续开展服务外资企业专项行动，“一对一”走访重点外资企业，推动解决实际问题。这些做法要坚持下去。涉及多部门的问题，要加大协调力度，推动共同解决。为增加人员往来和在华便利，这几年中国有关部门采取了很多措施，要进一步落实好。
这些年，外商来华投资还遭遇地缘政治因素干扰，这涉及国际政治、外交。我常讲，吹灭别人的灯，不会让自己更加光明；阻挡别人的路，最终只会把自己的路堵住。对于大家比较关心的中美关系问题，我们始终认为，中美关系保持稳定、健康、可持续发展符合两国人民根本利益。中美经贸关系本质是互利共赢，经贸摩擦应该通过平等对话磋商来妥善处理。中国将按照相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢的原则处理中美关系。中国坚定不移走和平发展道路，积极推动解决国际和地区热点问题，努力为外资企业发展营造良好外部环境。
中国有句古话：“入其国者从其俗，入其家者避其讳。”中国政府对走出去的中国企业一直强调，要遵守当地法律法规，尊重当地文化和风俗习惯，诚信经营，积极履行社会责任。在华的外资企业，也是应该这样的。
四、为维护世界经济秩序共同努力
多边主义是解决世界面临困难挑战的必然选择，经济全球化是不可阻挡的历史潮流。中国坚持真正的多边主义，推动普惠包容的经济全球化，积极参与全球经济治理，致力于建设开放型世界经济。外资企业特别是跨国公司在维护世界经济秩序中发挥着重要作用，也承担着重要责任。我们要携手同行，推动经济全球化朝着正确方向发展。
我们要共同维护多边贸易体制。以世贸组织为核心的多边贸易体制是国际贸易的基石。当前，世界开放指数不断下滑，单边主义、保护主义加剧，多边主义、自由贸易受到严峻挑战。我们要坚守世贸组织理念和规则，持续推动贸易和投资自由化便利化，推动各国通过开放做大共同发展的“蛋糕”。不少外资企业特别是跨国公司有相当的国际影响力，希望大家发出理性声音，采取务实行动，抵制各种开历史倒车的行为，摆脱零和博弈，促进合作共赢。
我们要共同维护全球产业链供应链稳定。这是世界经济健康发展的重要保障。搞“脱钩断链”，损人不利己，没有出路。一些外资企业是全球相关产业的“链主”，同大量上下游企业形成共生共赢的产业生态，坚守契约精神、扎根东道国，有利于自身长远发展，也有利于维护全球产业链供应链稳定。希望大家登高望远，不盲从各种干扰全球产业链供应链安全稳定的行为，多为全球发展注入正能量和确定性。
我们要共同维护开放合作的国际环境。个别国家搞“小院高墙”、关税壁垒，将经贸问题政治化、工具化、武器化、泛安全化，迫使企业选边站队，作出违背经济规律的选择。这不符合市场规则和开放大势。企业是经营主体，希望大家尊重市场规律、维护市场规则，独立自主作出商业决策，共同推动形成开放、多元、稳定的世界经济秩序。
“志合者，不以山海为远。”大家不远万里到中国投资，都怀着美好期待而来，怀着对中国人民的友谊而来。今天的面对面交流，让我们加深了理解、增进了友情、增强了信心。我们愿同广大外资企业一道，在中国这片生机盎然的大地上扩大合作，共同书写互利共赢新篇章。
谢谢大家！
Xi Jinping's speech at the meeting with representatives of the international business community (full text)
2025-03-28 23:21
Speech at the meeting with representatives of the international business community
(Beijing, March 28, 2025)
Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China
I am very happy to meet and exchange ideas with you in this spring season. I invite you to come here to listen to your ideas, respond to your concerns, and support the better development of foreign-funded enterprises in China. I will talk about four points of understanding.
1. Foreign-funded enterprises have played an important role in promoting China's reform and opening up and modernization drive
Over the past 70 years since the founding of New China, especially over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability have been created. This is due to the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China and the united struggle of the Chinese people. This is also inseparable from the support and help of the international community, including the contributions made by foreign-funded enterprises in China.
Reform and opening up have enabled China to quickly enter the world market and catch up with the times in great strides. One important thing is to actively utilize foreign capital. In 1979, China promulgated the Sino-Foreign Joint Venture Law, gradually opening the door to the use of foreign capital. In 1992, China decided to establish a socialist market economy, and foreign investment in China accelerated. In 2001, China officially joined the World Trade Organization, and more and more foreign investors came to China. After the 18th CPC National Congress, China entered a new stage of high-level opening up to the outside world, and made new breakthroughs in the use of foreign capital. So far, foreign investment in China covers 20 industries and 115 major industries, with a total of 1.24 million enterprises established and an investment of nearly 3 trillion US dollars.
Foreign investment in China has played an important role in China's development. First, it has driven China's economic growth and employment. Foreign-funded enterprises contribute 1/3 of China's imports and exports, 1/4 of industrial added value, and 1/7 of taxes, creating more than 30 million jobs. Second, it has promoted China's technological and management progress. The advanced technology and management experience brought by foreign-funded enterprises have had a positive impact on the development of Chinese enterprises and talent training. In the past 10 years, the R&D investment of foreign-funded industrial enterprises above designated size in China has increased by 86.4%, and the number of valid invention patents has increased by 336%. Third, it has promoted China's reform and opening up. It has promoted China's deep participation in the global division of labor, actively connected with international high-standard economic and trade rules, and promoted the reform of systems and mechanisms in various aspects such as economy, science and technology, and ecology. Foreign-invested enterprises have also actively participated in China's poverty alleviation campaign and other social welfare undertakings, and have forged a deep friendship with the Chinese people.
Practice has proved that foreign-invested enterprises are important participants in China's modernization, important participants in China's reform and opening up and innovation and creation, and important participants in China's connection with the world and integration into economic globalization. Here, I would like to express my sincere thanks to all foreign-invested enterprises that participate in and support China's development!
We are pleased to see that foreign investors in China generally get rich returns. Some have expanded from a single business to a comprehensive business, some have expanded from staying in one place to blooming in multiple places, and some have grown from a factory to a corporate group, with the strength of the enterprise increasing several times, dozens of times, or even hundreds of times. As the old Chinese saying goes, "If you throw me a wooden peach, I will give you a jade in return", this reflects mutual benefit and win-win results.
2. China will be a fertile ground for foreign-invested enterprises to invest and start businesses for a long time
For many years, China has been a major contributor and anchor of world economic growth. It is comprehensively promoting Chinese-style modernization, with a large career stage, broad market prospects, stable policy expectations, and a good security situation. It is a fertile ground that is conducive to foreign-invested enterprises to invest and start businesses.
Opening up to the outside world is China's basic national policy. China is promoting high-level opening up to the outside world and steadily expanding institutional opening up such as rules, regulations, management, and standards. I would like to reiterate here that China is unswerving in promoting reform and opening up, and the door of opening up will only open wider and wider. The policy of utilizing foreign capital has not changed and will not change.
China is the world's second largest consumer market, with the world's largest middle-income group, and contains huge investment and consumption potential. China is committed to high-quality development, accelerating the transformation of green, digital, and intelligent, and has strong industrial supporting capabilities. It is the best application scenario for the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. Foreign-invested enterprises can fully demonstrate their advantages and capabilities in China and gain an advantage in global competition.
China has formed a relatively sound system of laws, regulations, policies, and work systems for utilizing foreign capital. We have strengthened foreign investment legislation, promoted trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, actively created a market-oriented, rule-of-law, internationalized first-class business environment, and created a transparent, stable and predictable policy environment. The negative list for foreign investment access has been reduced from the original 190 items to the current 29 items in the national version and 27 items in the free trade pilot zone version, and the manufacturing sector has achieved "zero". In recent years, the international economic environment has changed greatly. We have introduced a series of policies to stabilize foreign investment and continue to build the "Invest in China" brand. All regions have strengthened service guarantees for foreign-funded enterprises, and this work will get better and better.
China has maintained political stability and social stability for a long time and is recognized as one of the safest countries in the world. I believe that everyone working and living in China can feel the inheritance of civilization that values peace and coexistence, and experience the social atmosphere of trustworthiness, friendship, and good neighborliness.
In short, China was, is, and will be an ideal, safe, and promising investment destination for foreign investors. Going with China is going with opportunities. Believing in China is believing in tomorrow, and investing in China is investing in the future. I hope that foreign-invested enterprises will dispel their doubts, strengthen their confidence, and feel free to come to China for development and share China's development opportunities.
3. Effectively solve the problems encountered by foreign-invested enterprises in their development in China
In recent years, foreign-invested enterprises have indeed encountered some problems in their development in China. The Chinese government's attitude is very clear. Problems involving our domestic management must be solved by further deepening reform and opening up. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee has formulated a roadmap and timetable for deepening the reform of the foreign investment and outbound investment management system. I believe that as the reform measures are implemented, the issues of concern to everyone will be effectively resolved.
First, it is about further expanding opening up. Lowering the market access threshold is our focus for expanding opening up in the future. I have specifically emphasized that it is better to implement opening-up measures sooner rather than later, faster rather than slower. This year, we will expand the pilot opening-up in some areas, and will also accelerate the opening-up of culture, education and other fields. At the same time, we will focus on solving the specific problem of "big doors open but small doors closed" in market access, so that foreign-invested enterprises can "both enter and operate" in the areas we have already opened up.
Second, it is about maintaining fair competition in the market. We have always believed that foreign-invested enterprises in China should be guaranteed national treatment, with consistent application of laws and equal status and treatment. We will ensure that foreign-invested enterprises obtain production factors in accordance with the law and in a fair manner, accelerate the construction of a unified national market, focus on rectifying the "involutionary" competition in some areas, and ensure that the products produced by foreign-invested enterprises in China participate in government procurement in accordance with the law. We will seriously study everyone's demands and solve any problems in a timely manner.
Third, on strengthening service guarantees. I have repeatedly requested that we strengthen communication and exchanges with foreign businessmen, provide as much convenience as possible for trade and investment in China, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign-invested enterprises in accordance with the law. The Ministry of Commerce of China holds a roundtable meeting of foreign-invested enterprises every month to listen to the demands of enterprises and help solve problems. The National Development and Reform Commission continues to carry out special actions to serve foreign-invested enterprises, visits key foreign-invested enterprises "one-on-one" and promotes the resolution of practical problems. These practices must be maintained. For issues involving multiple departments, we must increase coordination efforts and promote joint solutions. In order to increase personnel exchanges and convenience in China, relevant Chinese departments have taken many measures in recent years, which must be further implemented.
In recent years, foreign investment in China has also encountered interference from geopolitical factors, which involves international politics and diplomacy. I often say that blowing out other people's lights will not make your own light brighter; blocking other people's roads will only block your own road in the end. Regarding the issue of Sino-US relations that everyone is more concerned about, we have always believed that maintaining stable, healthy and sustainable development of Sino-US relations is in the fundamental interests of the people of both countries. The essence of Sino-US economic and trade relations is mutual benefit and win-win, and economic and trade frictions should be properly handled through equal dialogue and consultation. China will handle Sino-US relations in accordance with the principles of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, and win-win cooperation. China is unswervingly following the path of peaceful development, actively promoting the resolution of international and regional hot issues, and striving to create a good external environment for the development of foreign-funded enterprises.
There is an old Chinese saying: "Those who enter a country should follow its customs, and those who enter a home should avoid its taboos." The Chinese government has always emphasized to Chinese companies going abroad that they must abide by local laws and regulations, respect local culture and customs, operate in good faith, and actively fulfill their social responsibilities. Foreign-funded enterprises in China should also do the same.
IV. Make joint efforts to maintain the world economic order
Multilateralism is an inevitable choice to solve the difficult challenges facing the world, and economic globalization is an unstoppable historical trend. China adheres to true multilateralism, promotes inclusive economic globalization, actively participates in global economic governance, and is committed to building an open world economy. Foreign-funded enterprises, especially multinational corporations, play an important role in maintaining the world economic order and also bear important responsibilities. We must work together to promote economic globalization in the right direction.
We must jointly maintain the multilateral trading system. The multilateral trading system with the WTO as its core is the cornerstone of international trade. At present, the world's openness index continues to decline, unilateralism and protectionism are intensifying, and multilateralism and free trade are facing severe challenges. We must adhere to the WTO's ideas and rules, continue to promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and encourage countries to expand the "cake" of common development through opening up. Many foreign-funded enterprises, especially multinational corporations, have considerable international influence. I hope everyone will make rational voices, take pragmatic actions, resist all kinds of historical reversals, get rid of zero-sum games, and promote win-win cooperation.
We must jointly maintain the stability of the global industrial chain and supply chain. This is an important guarantee for the healthy development of the world economy. "Decoupling and breaking the chain" will harm others and not benefit oneself, and there is no way out. Some foreign-funded enterprises are the "chain leaders" of related industries in the world, forming a symbiotic and win-win industrial ecology with a large number of upstream and downstream enterprises. Adhering to the spirit of contract and taking root in the host country is conducive to their own long-term development and to maintaining the stability of the global industrial chain and supply chain. I hope that everyone will look far ahead and not blindly follow various behaviors that interfere with the security and stability of the global industrial chain and supply chain, and inject more positive energy and certainty into global development.
We must jointly maintain an open and cooperative international environment. Some countries have set up "small courtyards with high walls" and tariff barriers, politicized, instrumentalized, weaponized, and pan-security economic and trade issues, forcing enterprises to take sides and make choices that violate economic laws. This is not in line with market rules and the general trend of opening up. Enterprises are business entities. I hope that everyone will respect market laws, maintain market rules, make business decisions independently, and jointly promote the formation of an open, diversified, and stable world economic order.
"Those with the same aspirations will not regard mountains and seas as far away." Everyone has come from afar to invest in China with beautiful expectations and friendship for the Chinese people. Today's face-to-face exchanges have deepened our understanding, enhanced friendship, and strengthened our confidence. We are willing to work with foreign-funded enterprises to expand cooperation in China, a land full of vitality, and jointly write a new chapter of mutual benefit and win-win results.
Thank you!
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