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新质生产力 (New quality production/productive forces) has become a critical lens through which Chinese Marxist-Leninism has developed the concept of socialist modernization for its New Era (for my consideration of the evolution of the concept and its contemporary application see eg (New Quality Development Theory: Snippets From Speeches and Writings of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party: 习近平：开创我国高质量发展新局面 (Xi Jinping: Create a new situation for high-quality development in China)). It represents a cluster of objectives, expectations, premises, and principles around which the notion of development has itself been developed to meet the contemporary challenges of the current stage of Chinese historical development.
新质生产力 (New quality production/productive forces) is not merely a uniquely Chinese engagement with the development of productive forces. Rather, it it part of a much larger conversation about development that sprang in part from the post colonial movements of the 1960s, and ultimately found a more generalized expression in international instruments, among the most important instruments of which might well have been the UN Declaration on the Right to Development (04 December 1986; General Assembly resolution 41/128). Indeed, the concept and application of 新质生产力 (New quality production/productive forces) serves as a quite direct application of the UN Development Declaration's recognition that:
development is a comprehensive economic, social, cultural and political process, which aims at the constant improvement of the well-being of the entire population and of all individuals on the basis of their active, free and meaningful participation in development and in the fair distribution of benefits resulting therefrom (UN Declaration on the Right to Development (Preamble clause 2)
Socialist modernization, then, can be understood as an expression of this fundamental recognition, applied in conformity with the basic premises and objectives of a Marxist-Leninist ideological framework. Indeed, the Preambular clause appears to both recognize what is expressed as the general contradiction (theoretical foundations here) as well as the premise that the development of productive forces includes economic from social, cultural or political development (my comment here). All of this may bear examination through a wider lens (Robert Cover and International Law—Narrative Nudges and Nomadic Nomos).
And it has been developed to serve as a development model for other states, especially among China's Belt & Road Initiative Partners. (CPE
Working Group on Empire: Part 1--Observations on Xi Jinping, Speech
Delivered at the G20 Leaders' Summit on the World Economic Situation and
Trade Issues--"Work Together to Create a High Quality World Economy"
[习近平在二十国集团领导人峰会上关于世界经济形势和贸易问题的讲话（全文）携手共进，合力打造高质量世界经济]). As such it represents an additional voice, one quite distinctive, within the general conversations around development that have been an element of discussion in multi-lateral circles around a the work of a Special Rapporteur on the right to development (see also Special Rapporteur on the Right to Development - An introduction to the mandate).
The "editor's note" gives a sense of the breadth of its coverage, its focus, and the importance of mass outreach for this project:
编者按 新时代，我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段。大力发展新质生产力，势在必行！ “发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点”。2023年7月以来，习近平总书记多次提出发展新质生产力，并进行系统论述。 今年的《政府工作报告》，“加快发展新质生产力”被列为十大任务之首；党的二十届三中全会《决定》提出，健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制。 “创新”“质优”“先进生产力”如何落实？“高科技、高效能、高质量”如何彰显？“先立后破、因地制宜、分类指导”如何践行？探索实践过程中各行各业又遇到哪些难题、积累了哪些经验？ 本报调研组从新春开始就踏上了征程，历时4个月，奔赴沿海内地、岭南塞北，去感受那豪迈奋进的激情，去倾听那坚毅笃行的足音！
Editor's Note In the new era, China's economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. It is imperative to vigorously develop new quality productivity! "Developing new quality productivity is an inherent requirement and an important focus for promoting high-quality development." Since July 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly proposed the development of new quality productivity and made systematic expositions. In this year's "Government Work Report", "accelerating the development of new quality productivity" was listed as the first of the ten major tasks; the "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed to improve the system and mechanism for developing new quality productivity in accordance with local conditions. How to implement "innovation", "quality" and "advanced productivity"? How to demonstrate "high technology, high efficiency and high quality"? How to practice "establish first, then break, adapt to local conditions and provide classified guidance"? What difficulties did all walks of life encounter and what experiences did they accumulate during the exploration and practice? Our research team embarked on a journey since the Spring Festival. It took 4 months to travel to the coastal inland areas, Lingnan and the northern part of the country to feel the passion of heroic progress and listen to the footsteps of perseverance!
These are the questions, generalized, that might also impact the international conversation around development, at least within the post-colonial camp. Principal among them is the connection between development and progress. That alignment, usually taken for granted, is in need of interrogation. And yet, it is clear that "development" and "progress" are not the same thing. Both imply direction or at least movement, to be sure, but the context can vary significantly. One speaks to progress as an individual journey, but also that of collectives. Development can be understood as an expression of change in a specific direction or with respect to particular subjects--technology, but also culture and social organization. Development can suggest an interior journey as well, for individuals as well as collectives. Progress suggests the way that journey is assessed or understood. Development is movement; progress is the meaning that is given to that movement. Journeys may have a specific objective, but they need not. And journey's ed can be quite different depending on the ideological-cultural lens through which it is understood. In a more radical re-thinking, it may be useful to consider the merit to the aliment of development and progress and its meaning beyond notions of technological innovation that has seemed to drive the manifestation of the alignment over the last several centuries.
The Study Guide is divided in a number of sections:
引 言 (Introduction)
我们需要什么样的新质生产力 (What kind of new quality productivity do we need):1.实践中的答卷 ( Answers in practice): （1）新质生产力“新”在哪儿？ ; （2）“质优”体现在哪儿？ ; （3）先进生产力“先进”在何处？ ((1) What is the “new” in new quality productivity? (2) Where is the “high quality” reflected? (3) What is the “advanced” in advanced productivity?)怎样发展好新质生产力 (How to well develop new quality productivity):
2.哪些误区要破除 (What misunderstandings must be eliminated); （1）新质生产力不能只是穿“新衣” ; （2）发展新质生产力不是谁的“专属”; （3）发展新质生产力不要一拥而上 ((1) New quality productivity cannot just be “new clothes” (2) Developing new quality productivity is not “exclusive” to anyone (3) Don’t rush to develop new quality productivity)1.源头之力如何蓄 (Profiting from core concepts): （1）“策源”之“源”，何以源源不断？ ; （2）从0到1，“质”变何以催生？ ; （3）1+1>2，创新合力何以形成？ ((1) How can the “source” of “strategy” be continuous? (2) From 0 to 1, how can “qualitative” change be born? (3) 1+1>2, how can innovative synergy be formed?)向改革要新质生产力 (Demand reform for new quality productivity)
2.发展之钥如何寻 (Finding the key to development): （1）从1到N，“聚变”如何实现？ ; （2）先天不足，后天怎么补？ ; （3）“旧”产业，如何焕新机？ ((1) From 1 to N, how to achieve “fusion”? (2) How to make up for congenital deficiencies? (3) How to revitalize “old” industries?)1.科技体制改革增活力 (Increase the vitality of science and technology systems through reform); ●减负、松绑、赋权 ; ●稳定支持、少干扰 ; ●协同、共享、优化 (●Reducing burden, loosening, empowering ●Stable support, less interference ●Collaboration, sharing, optimization)结 语 (Conclusion)
2.产业升级跃迁强动能 (create a strong momentum for industrial leap forward); ●实验线连通生产线 ; ●高端化、智能化、绿色化 ; ●政策呵护、着眼长远 (●Experimental lines connect production lines ●High-end, intelligent, green ●Policy protection, long-term perspective)
3.先进生产要素多集聚 (Aggregate advanced production factors): ●有为政府“有形之手” ; ●投早、投小、投长期、投硬科技 ; ●强技能、补缺口 (●The "visible hand" of the government ●Invest early, invest small, invest long-term, invest in hard technology ●Strengthen skills, fill gaps)
Whether or not this produces effective operational level guidance remains to be seen. Yet as a contribution to the global discussion of development, especially of development with Chinese characteristics, the study guide opens a quite useful window on intent, principles, premises and direction. The Study guide follows below.
The Study Gide follows below in the original Chinese and in a crude English translation.
作者：本报调研组 《光明日报》（ 2024年08月06日 01版）
【大调研，我们在行动】
编者按
新时代，我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段。大力发展新质生产力，势在必行！
“发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点”。2023年7月以来，习近平总书记多次提出发展新质生产力，并进行系统论述。
今年的《政府工作报告》，“加快发展新质生产力”被列为十大任务之首；党的二十届三中全会《决定》提出，健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制。
“创新”“质优”“先进生产力”如何落实？“高科技、高效能、高质量”如何彰显？“先立后破、因地制宜、分类指导”如何践行？探索实践过程中各行各业又遇到哪些难题、积累了哪些经验？
本报调研组从新春开始就踏上了征程，历时4个月，奔赴沿海内地、岭南塞北，去感受那豪迈奋进的激情，去倾听那坚毅笃行的足音！
引 言
生产力，是人类社会发展的根本动力，也是一切社会变迁和政治变革的终极原因。
从百万年前东非大草原原始人类采集野果、用石头狩猎，到数千年前农耕社会铁器的使用和手工生产；
从18世纪蒸汽机的发明应用和机器大生产，到19世纪中后期电力成为新动力；
从20世纪四五十年代原子能、电子计算机的出现，到今天人工智能引领数字经济……
只要审视一下人类的历史，生产力的牵引作用跃然其上，每一次跃迁都能极大改变文明的形态。
当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速演进，正在催生新的生产力。这是历史的必然。
中国，乘势而上，应势而动！
从担忧“被开除球籍”到稳居世界第二大经济体，从一颗螺丝钉都要进口到220多种工业品产量世界第一，从80%人口是文盲到高等教育规模位居世界第一……新中国成立以来，尤其是改革开放后，我国不断解放和发展生产力，用几十年时间走完了发达国家几百年走过的工业化历程，神州大地发生历史性变化。
中国特色社会主义进入新时代，我国GDP十年翻番，经济实力实现历史性跃升，对世界经济增长年均贡献率超过30%，“稳定器”“动力源”作用持续凸显。基础研究和原始创新不断加强，一些关键核心技术实现突破，我国进入创新型国家行列。绿色低碳转型成效显著，战略性新兴产业发展壮大，科技创新有力支撑现代化产业体系建设，建成全球最完整、规模最大的工业体系。我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段，中华民族伟大复兴进入不可逆转的历史进程。
但也必须看到，世界百年未有之大变局全方位、深层次加速演进，“逆全球化”浪潮涌动，全球产业结构和经济版图加速重构，科技创新成大国博弈焦点。放眼国内，制约高质量发展的因素还大量存在，仍有一些领域关键核心技术受制于人，一些地区粗放扩张、低效发展的思路依然延续，制约经济社会高质量发展的体制机制弊端尚未根除。
我们，克难求进，奋楫扬帆！
高质量发展是新时代的硬道理，需要新的生产力理论来指导；以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴，需要先进生产力这一根本动力；为全球经济和人类福祉贡献中国担当，需要先进生产力这一终极力量。
大力发展新质生产力，势在必行！
我们需要什么样的新质生产力
什么是新质生产力？
“特点是创新，关键在质优，本质是先进生产力”“是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态”，习近平总书记的重要论述高屋建瓴。
如何加快形成新质生产力？
“整合科技创新资源，引领发展战略性新兴产业和未来产业”“要以科技创新推动产业创新，特别是以颠覆性技术和前沿技术催生新产业、新模式、新动能”，习近平总书记的重要论述指明了方向。
新质生产力已经在实践中形成并展示出对高质量发展的强劲推动力、支撑力！
在中华大地，在火热的现场，我们追寻着这一澎湃动力。
1.实践中的答卷
量子，这个微观世界里的最小能量单元，正在宏观世界迸发出巨大能量——只需几秒，量子计算机就能完成超级计算机47年的计算量；
数据，这个数字时代里的“石油”，正在渗透到每一条生产线——数字技术与生产制造融合，百年工厂犹如新生；
新能源，这个创造绿色生活的新兴产业，正在重塑我们的经济版图——电动载人汽车、锂电池、太阳能电池，外贸“新三样”强势取代服装、家具、家电“老三样”。
从理念，到行动，向“新”求“质”，沛然不可御！
（1）新质生产力“新”在哪儿？
上山的路，不会只有一条。
在九峰山，一群人正在寻找一条新的登顶之路。这个武汉城区的最高峰，如今被一家科研机构“借”了去——湖北九峰山实验室。
调研组到访实验室工艺中心的那天，技术人员正在设备前忙碌，他们在研发化合物半导体技术。
“它是由两种或更多元素以确定的原子配比形成的半导体材料，不同的化合物半导体材料的‘本领’各不相同。”九峰山实验室工艺中心工艺工程师赵波告诉调研组。
这是一条很窄的“路”——在全球半导体领域，基于单质的硅材料的半导体产品占95%以上，化合物半导体是绝对的少数。
这又是一条很新的“路”——氮化镓、碳化硅等化合物材料制作的半导体，在新一代移动通信、新能源汽车、航空航天等领域有广阔的应用前景，被称为第三代半导体。
为何要走这条路？
“从7纳米、5纳米，再到3纳米，硅基半导体制程越来越‘卷’。而不同于硅基半导体，化合物半导体主要面向大功率、高电压、射频、光电子等应用领域，不需要‘卷’先进制程。”赵波说，这条新赛道，“现在占比小，但前景广大。”
在工信部赛迪研究院无线电管理研究所（未来产业研究中心）所长韩健看来，新质生产力的“新”，关键之一是通过科技创新开辟新的技术路线，找到新赛道，“化合物半导体和硅基半导体不是谁替代谁，而是多了一种选择”。
更重要的是，这条新的登顶之路，不会被别人半路“设卡”。“在这个新领域，我国力争实现并跑，甚至领跑！”韩健说。
这就是高科技！传统的生产力，靠的是土地、资本等生产要素的叠加，而新质生产力把技术这个生产要素的重要性，提高到了无以复加的程度。
新的不仅仅是技术，也可能是新的产业形态。
在深圳白石龙音乐公园，玩累了，点一杯饮料，15分钟后，一架无人机就会稳稳落下，将餐食投入外卖空投柜中，只需输入手机尾号，即可取餐。
几十公里外的工地上，低空也飞来一架无人机。不过，它不是来送餐，而是带来一只“眼睛”——快速查看和回传现场图像，帮助应急管理部门排查安全隐患。
还是在深圳，一款新型低空无人驾驶飞行器，搭载乘客缓缓飞上80米空中。这可不是从科幻电影里“飞”出来的，它刚获得全球首个电动垂直起降飞行器的适航证！
低空经济正以其创新的技术和产业模式，成为“向天空要GDP”的新质生产力——创新要素多、产业链条长、应用场景丰富，这都是明显的新质生产力特征。
“大城市土地资源利用已是见缝插针，低空资源如果充分利用起来，红利巨大。”中国低空产业经济研究院院长徐昌东说。
新业态红利巨大，新模式也是——新质生产力，还新在生产管理模式上。
青岛有家老牌服装企业，一条流水线竟能同时做出多款服装。
咋这么神奇？因为有了“智能中枢”——卡奥斯工业互联网平台。
“这个‘智能中枢’可以通过大数据、人工智能、数字孪生等技术，整合产业数据资源，帮助企业优化生产模式，提质降本增效。”卡奥斯工业智能研究院技术总监王超告诉调研组。
而在几年前，这家企业还因为工艺落后、生产效率低，不能适应市场定制化新需求，只能望“单”兴叹。
通过政府牵线，卡奥斯工业互联网平台为企业提供了服装“智造”整体解决方案，定制下单、开放设计、智能生产全流程信息化。“小单快反”的柔性生产让旧设备“摇身”一变，实现了“以一当多”的效果。
多位一线技术人员向调研组表示，新质生产力需要技术的革命性突破，也需要生产要素创新性配置和产业深度转型升级，最终实现全要素生产率大幅提升。
（2）“质优”体现在哪儿？
谋“新”，还须重“质”。
从南京发出指令，几百公里外的杭州某工厂内，无人驾驶小车启动、转向、停止，时延保持在20微秒内，移动距离误差为厘米级。
这，得益于一张网——未来网络试验设施（CENI），全长3.4万公里，覆盖我国40个城市。
为什么要建这张网？
“工业互联网、智能制造领域必须大幅降低数据传输的时延抖动，算力跨区域调度也需要大幅提升数据传输效率。”江苏省未来网络创新研究院常务副院长谭航说，构建全新的网络架构，迫在眉睫。
未来网络应运而生。它的“质优”体现在哪儿？
“确定性！”谭航解释，我们目前使用的互联网就像一条马路，堵堵停停。而未来网络通过新技术提供“准时、准确”的数据传输服务，是一条“信息高速铁路”，上面的“列车”不会晚点。
大山深处的“中国天眼”和2000多公里外北京的科技人员，已经尝到未来网络的甜头。“中国天眼”每时每刻都在收集大量科学数据，并传输到北京的实验室。与CENI实现互联互通后，数据传输效率由40%提高到90%，科研效率大大提升。
这就是高效能！质优，优的是品质，优的是效率。
在广东，调研组看到了另外一种质优——绿色化。
“我们的数字化转型理念，就一句话——消除一切浪费。”广汽埃安工艺部部长李晓宇言简意赅。
不用到现场，App上就能完成定制化选装，千人千面——轮胎、内饰、外观等20多种配置样式繁多，任客户挑选，一周左右即可提货。定制化需求形成的数据，不仅传输给汽车生产商，还实时提供给供应商、经销商以及售后服务人员，目标是让整个产业链消除“浪费”。
“我们还改进生产工艺来节能减排。”广汽埃安工程部部长潘镜池给调研组算了一笔账，“仅将热泵燃烧时产生的余热再利用，每年就能少使用氧气80多万立方米，节约13万度电。”
更绿色更低碳，新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力！
质优，当然不能忘了生产力的重要组成部分——劳动者。
深圳有种骄傲：不出深圳，就能造出一架完整的无人机。强大的制造业基础和完善的上下游产业链背后，是数量庞大的产业人才。
“新质生产力对劳动者的知识和技能都提出更高要求。”深圳大学粤港澳大湾区新兴产业发展研究院院长龚晓峰告诉调研组，深圳的电子信息、新能源汽车、低空经济等新兴产业迅速壮大，人工智能、人形机器人等未来产业爆发式增长的重要原因，是拥有大量高素质的劳动者，特别是高层次人才。
高层次人才超2.4万人、技能人才超400万人，各类人才总量突破679万人……“深圳的‘土特产’不再是荔枝，而是科技型企业家。他们是发展新质生产力必不可少的优质力量。”龚晓峰不无兴奋。
西南交通大学教授陈光指出，虽然新质生产力可能会减少对低技能劳动力的需求，但同时也创造了更多高技能、高附加值就业岗位。新质生产力呼唤“新质”劳动者，这是挑战，也是机遇。
（3）先进生产力“先进”在何处？
“我国汽车工业应跳过用汽油柴油阶段，直接进入减少环境污染的新能源阶段”“中国有能力跳过一个台阶，直接进入汽车的新时代”……
1992年，钱学森给国务院领导写了一封信，展望我国汽车工业发展之路。30多年后，钱老的畅想已变为现实——2023年，我国新能源汽车产销分别达958.7万辆和949.5万辆，连续9年位居全球第一。
一辆汽车有上万个零件，产业链长，对制造业拉动作用明显，是国家制造实力的重要体现。但长期以来，由于燃油车发动机、变速箱等核心技术受制于人，我国汽车产业处于全球产业链的弱势端。
新能源汽车产业兴起的背后，是基础材料、电池、电机、电控、整车制造等方面的巨大进步。“在全球新能源汽车产业链中，我们国家‘三电’技术处于最领先位置。”理想汽车智能制造负责人李斌难掩自豪。
2023年，我国电动载人汽车、锂电池和太阳能电池合计出口额首次突破万亿元大关。“发展新兴产业，促进新产业链的出现或原有产业链的重构，能够提升我们在全球产业链中的地位。”中国社会科学院中国式现代化研究院研究员李晓华向调研组表示，虽然我国是制造大国，但很多产业处于全球产业链和价值链的中低端。新能源汽车之所以能成为新质生产力的典型代表，就是因为它让中国汽车产业“驶”上了全球价值链中高端，甚至更进一步，在智能驾驶的道路上，奔驰在世界前列。
这就是高质量！
如果说，新能源汽车为高质量发展提供了推动力，那么，量子科技可以为千行百业提供支撑力。
21年前，我国第一个量子计算研究小组在合肥成立。今天，这里有着全国最大的量子信息科研和产业集群，量子成为合肥在全国乃至全世界的“名片”。
走进本源量子，这家诞生于中国科学院量子信息重点实验室的企业，大屏上闪过一串数字——1月6日上线后，先后有125个国家用户访问超1234万次，成功完成25.2万个全球量子计算任务。
“上线”，指的是我国第三代超导量子计算机“本源悟空”。取名“悟空”，寓意“72变”的强大算力。
“这是目前我国最先进的可编程、可交付使用的超导量子计算机！”“本源悟空”硬件研制团队负责人孔伟成告诉调研组，该量子计算机向全球用户限时免费开放，标志着我国正式进入量子算力“可用”时代。
是的，量子已从实验室，来到我们身边——量子计算可用于人工智能、药物筛选等；量子加密技术已用于加油站税控监管；量子传感器可以测到脑磁、心磁等很多过去探不到测不准的信号……
浙江大学副校长黄先海指出，作为一种先进生产力，新质生产力的“先进性”体现在看得见摸得着的实处——为高质量发展提供强劲推动力、支撑力，实现生产力的跃升，让人们的生活更美好。
2.哪些误区要破除
任何事物的发展都是前进性和曲折性的统一。
在调研一线，我们也听到一些反思的声音——发展新质生产力，一定要时刻保持清醒和定力，防止概念误读、行动走偏。
（1）新质生产力不能只是穿“新衣”
调研中，我们发现，一些地方或行业、企业，把新质生产力当成无所不包的“筐”，不管什么都往里“装”。一谈到发展问题，就套上新质生产力这个概念，仿佛穿上“新衣服”，摇身一变就成了“新质”。
比如，有的企业仅简单上马一些自动化设备，却并不怎么用，就号称有了新质生产力。有的人认为，文化产业只要跟科技沾点边，就是“文化新质生产力”。有的地方开发旅游项目，增加一些元宇宙的炫酷场景，便认为是“培育旅游新质生产力”……
北京大学经济学院研究员王熙提醒，新质生产力一旦被泛化和滥用，有可能陷入言之无物的“概念空转”——不仅把这个概念“玩坏了”，还搞得劳民伤财得不偿失。
在一些未来产业领域，商家的“商品”甚至跑在了科技发明前面。有企业打着“元宇宙区块链游戏”的幌子，包装成高科技项目，博取政府投资和民间融资。一些公司炒作“量子科技”概念，量子空气净化器、量子床垫、量子针灸大行其道……
“就说元宇宙，很多只是噱头，离新质生产力还远着呢。”从事元宇宙技术研发的亮风台（昆山）信息科技有限公司总经理石富义向调研组表示，新质生产力的发展必须建立在坚实的技术基础上。元宇宙是区块链、数字孪生、虚拟仿真等多种数字技术的集成，这些技术均尚不成熟，多元技术的深度融合也面临挑战。
“人工智能领域也存在概念炒作、技术落地难等问题。”华中科技大学教授房超告诉调研组，部分地区打着人工智能旗号上马各种项目，而没有相应的技术和实际应用场景，无法转化为实际生产力。
有些新兴产业领域也存在“穿新衣”的问题。
比如，生物医药。一些地方盲目将生物医药作为发展新兴产业的抓手，没有科学的市场调研和前期策划，就大量引进这类企业。某中部城市一个生物医药产业园花大价钱建成的净化厂房，如今却闲置。“新衣服”成了“烂布头”。
为何会产生这些现象？
“这与一些地区的产业规划不科学有关。”上海市产业创新生态系统研究中心研究员胡雯认为，产业规划如果明显超前于新技术的概念验证和成果落地，容易造成概念炒作、“新瓶装旧酒”等乱象。政府监管如果明显滞后于新技术的发展，规范和标准缺失，也可能导致新业态野蛮生长。
房超认为，一些地方或企业发展新质生产力时，缺少实实在在的技术抓手，“什么名目新就抓什么，先把‘新衣服’穿起来再说，最终只能是‘盲人骑瞎马，夜半临深池’”。
（2）发展新质生产力不是谁的“专属”
调研组发现，有的地方认为新质生产力专属于“新”，一味迎“新”，忽视了传统产业。比如在产业规划和政策引导上，把钢铁、石化、有色、建材等传统产业贴上夕阳产业、落后产业的标签，导致资源投入越来越少，有的甚至弃之不顾，错过了传统产业转型升级的机遇。
“实际上，新质生产力代表了一种方向，往这个方向跑肯定是对的，但并不是要把传统产业与新质生产力对立起来。”中国工程院院士李校堃说，“育新枝栽新苗”的同时，离不开“老树发新芽”，更何况“老树”还是我们的老本、根系所在，我国传统产业在制造业中占比超80%！
有的地方认为，新质生产力专属于“一种模式”，简单复制就行，结果成了“东施效颦”。
孵化新技术、新产业，“工业上楼”的模式很火。自深圳提出要5年供应一亿平方米“工业上楼”项目后，多地争相效仿。
“但相比一般厂房，‘工业上楼’还涉及需求匹配问题。”青海省社会科学院经济研究所所长杜青华直言，看别的地方干得好，就照抄照搬。“穿着别人的鞋走路，能走好吗？！”
有的地方觉得，新质生产力专属于“优等生”，自己条件一般，索性一躺了之，只想“等靠要”。比如一些没有产业基础的地方以及一些老工业基地。
上海财经大学校长刘元春说，中西部地区有自己的比较优势，可以根据资源禀赋、产业基础、科研条件等，有选择地推动新产业、新模式、新动能发展，也可以用新技术改造提升传统产业，实现转型升级。
“而且，新质生产力的形成不仅依赖科技创新，还有管理和制度创新。”广西社会科学院副院长范祚军表示，这意味着，即使是欠发达地区，找准自己的路子，照样能闯出新赛道。
贵州，就是一个很好的例子。这个偏居西南一隅的山区省，如今在大数据产业中占有重要一席。
“这得益于贵州的‘先知先觉’。”贵州省信息中心信息基础设施处高级工程师刘梅告诉调研组，发展大数据，贵州没有东部沿海地区那样的产业基础，但地域优势得天独厚——凉爽的气候利于服务器自然散热，稳定的地质结构利于服务器安全运行，丰富的清洁能源可提供电力保障。
贵州的经验告诉我们——
新质生产力不是谁的“专属”，不盲从、不“等靠要”，知足知不足、有为有不为，因地制宜，找对方向，照样能“领异标新二月花”！
（3）发展新质生产力不要一拥而上
今年以来，生成式人工智能火了。国家网信办数据显示，截至今年3月，我国已有117家“大模型”成功备案。
人工智能是发展新质生产力的重要路径之一。但“百模大战”带来的，有可能是同质竞争的低效“残杀”。
“‘百模大战’会导致资源浪费、市场波动等，大量的企业涌入同一赛道，市场需求迅速饱和，影响企业投资回报率和发展前景。”北京邮电大学人机交互与认知工程实验室主任刘伟说。
“百模大战”的背后，也是算力产业的快速扩张。
调研发现，各地建设算力中心热情高涨，重复建设现象突出，这导致算力资源分散、利用率低。据统计，已有超过30个城市在建或筹建智能算力中心，有的城市同时建设多个，甚至县城也在建。
天津中科闻歌科技有限公司项目负责人朱东宇认为，应从应用端需求出发，实事求是，从区域协调的角度谋划算力产业，实现资源高效利用。建议国家出台更为细致的政策指引，防止盲目建设，引导算力中心集约化高质量发展。
新能源行业也有类似问题。由于符合对发展新质生产力的预期，新能源行业出现“热钱”蜂拥之势。风、光等清洁能源产业，被西北地区视为历史性发展机遇，当地政府乐于推动此类项目上马，比拼发展速度和规模。后果却是，大项目纷纷落地，发电量本地却消化不了。
“如果电送不出去，这些项目不知多少年才能回本。”有企业负责人忧心忡忡。
“发展新能源，不是哪儿有钱、有热情就能上。”中国科学院大连化学物理研究所研究员邵志刚提醒，警惕政绩、规模导向的盲目投资和重复建设。
“同质竞争，最终是要通过市场的优胜劣汰来解决。”华侨大学金融与经济学院特聘教授郭克莎说，围绕市场需求进行差异化发展，才能各美其美，美美与共。
怎样发展好新质生产力
调研中，一种感觉不时充溢在我们心中，那便是：“莫言下岭便无难，赚得行人错喜欢。正入万山圈子里，一山放出一山拦。”
我们既欣喜地看到新质生产力的蓬勃生机，也深深感受到实际发展中遇到的困惑与难处。许多待解之题需要探索、思考。
只有找到生长的密钥，不断培厚发展的沃土，新质生产力才能“满架蔷薇一院香”。
1.源头之力如何蓄
以科技创新推动产业创新，技术策源驱动生产力向新能级跃迁，需要强大的基础研究和原始创新能力，持续产出重大原创性、颠覆性科技成果，加快实现高水平科技自立自强。
（1）“策源”之“源”，何以源源不断？
发展新质生产力必须重视“策源”。但，“源”从何来？
“世界科技前沿、经济主战场、国家重大需求、人民生命健康，‘四个面向’指明了科技创新的方向！”在上海市科学学研究所统计评价研究室主任张宓之看来，只有把“真问题”抛出来，代表新质生产力方向的“真项目”才能蹦出来。
上海交通大学的“医工交叉研究基金”，正在探索解决技术攻关中“谁来出题”的问题。“医生在临床实践中提出问题，由理、工、医等各领域科技人才组成系统攻关团队，联合提出解决方案，再由医生来验证、评判成果的实用性，并提出优化需求。”该校学术发展与成果处副处长韩海波介绍。
当然，要让“策源”之“源”源源不断，除了找准问题，还要创新机制作保障。
调研中，多位专家表示，越是原创性科研越容易出现非共识。“当前普遍采用的同行评议共识支持的机制，对颠覆性、高风险，尤其是交叉领域的非共识创新研究，支持力度有待提高。”韩海波提出当下堵点。
有一个案例很典型——某研究项目4次申请国家自然科学基金，因多数评审专家对其可行性持怀疑态度，在常规评审机制下始终未能进入下一环节。直到后来有了“原创探索计划项目”，这一非共识项目才通过评审，获得资助。
“这从一个侧面反映出，科研管理如果过分强调指标化、数量化，忽视科技质量、科技价值、科技影响等，就会让‘真问题’被埋没。”中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院研究员徐芳对调研组表示，只有强调“真”创新，“硬”科技，才能让源头活水汩汩而来。
（2）从0到1，“质”变何以催生？
新质生产力需要原创性、颠覆性技术催生，而技术买不来、要不来，必须加强基础研究和前沿研究，实现更多的从0到1。
0到1，催化蜕变，靠什么？
“三个方面必不可少：加强前沿技术和颠覆性技术趋势研判；强化国家战略科技力量；加快实施引领未来的重大科技项目。”中国工程院院士罗先刚说。
浙江良渚实验室就在发力，他们正打造一个“创新部落”——多元创新力量和创新资源的聚集地，创新者无论来自科研院所还是企业，都可以来实验室验证他们的新技术，多学科交叉，上下游合作，不断进行优化迭代。
“大家在一起充分共享各自领域的知识，交叉协同解决问题。”良渚实验室常务副主任欧阳宏伟介绍，这个过程中，实验室也在聚焦行业共性关键问题，推导下一代技术需求，从而激发新的原创性研究。
大门打开！不再搞过去的闭门研究。创造生态！催生前沿技术，满足行业需求，科技人员在这里发生着强烈的“化学反应”。
但调研发现，还有一些科研机构仍在沿用老路子。“科技管理活动没有跟上科研范式进步的脚步，导致创新受阻。”中国计量科学研究院研究员方向不无忧虑地指出。
“新质生产力涉及领域新、技术含量高，可正是这种‘新’，又容易让人看不到、看不清、看不懂。”中国（深圳）综合开发研究院新经济研究所所长李相锋告诉调研组，不少领域研发投入多，但较长时间内很难见效，最终影响整个产业界的研发决策和投入。
哈尔滨工业大学教授杜志江正面临这样的问题。
“我们能不能做出中国人自己的手术机器人？”2013年，他提出了一个大胆的设问。面对国外垄断，缺乏技术标准，他带着团队做了“第一个吃螃蟹的人”。
11年过去，他们突破多项高难度技术壁垒，实现核心部件和算法的自主可控，但在极为“烧钱”的机器人赛道上，走下去，每年仍要投入上亿元。这条从0到1的漫漫研发路，杜志江直呼“太难！太难！”
“这提醒政策制定者和科技人员，从0到1靠的是长期主义。”在华工科技长期从事激光技术研发的程伟深有同感，互联网经济的快速发展，让一些投资者沉迷“短平快”，“当下，更需要创造让科研人员潜心钻研的条件。”
（3）1+1>2，创新合力何以形成？
“创新可能会遭遇瓶颈期，而突破瓶颈并没有想象中那么简单！”李相锋道破了当前科技创新的主要问题——牵涉底层复杂技术的攻关，依靠单兵突进难以实现，亟需由企业、高校、科研院所等不同创新主体共同发力，形成创新联合体。
但，创新联合之路有堵点。不少企业负责人向调研组表示，虽说企业是创新的主体，但现实中，很多科研资源还是由高校和科研院所掌握，如何给予企业更大的科研支持力度，巩固深化企业创新主体地位，这一问题亟待解决。
湖北的探索，可资借鉴——搭建科技创新供应链平台，举凡企业急需的创新服务，都可以在平台“下单”，系统会智能“撮合”，高校、科研院所等响应“接单”，提供解决方案。湖北省科技厅成果转化处处长陈建华介绍，在平台引领下，2023年，湖北全省技术合同交易额较上年增长59.8%，排名由全国第7跃升至第3。
形成创新合力，既需要横向的创新联合体，也需要上下游协同的产业链，作为龙头企业的链主至关重要。
“应集中力量培育本土链主企业，鼓励他们联合科研院所和上下游企业，组建创新平台，开展核心技术攻关，补齐产业链短板。”辽宁大学经济学院院长李政建议：每条重点产业链遴选2到3家链主企业，构建“战略性产业集群+重点产业链+多链主”体系。
云韬氢能就是这样的链主。“氢燃料电池核心零部件被‘卡脖子’，不是单打独斗能解决的，需要大家一起来攻关。”该企业副总裁钟蕾芳告诉调研组，他们携手16家新能源上下游企业和知名科研院所，组建了全国首个氢燃料电池产业创新联合体，为氢燃料大规模推广应用作先行先试的探索。
但调研发现：在很多行业，这样的链主企业还不够多，即使有，整合创新资源的能力也不强。专家呼吁，精准引导，靶向扶持，加快培育具备关键性技术突破能力的链主企业。
2.发展之钥如何寻
新质生产力，不仅是技术层面的革新，更是思维方式、生产方式和产业结构的全面创新。
（1）从1到N，“聚变”如何实现？
从0到1是质变，从1到N则是“聚变”。
调研发现，制约新质生产力发展的一个重要因素是“转化”——产学研用互动渠道不畅通导致的“不能转”、科技成果价值难量化导致的“不好转”、职务科技成果赋权改革不到位导致的“不想转”。
很多受访者提到了打通科技成果转化“最初一公里”的问题。
今年3月，北京理工大学郑州研究院企业孵化类（概念验证项目）评审会在郑州技术交易市场举行，这是河南首批概念验证项目集中亮相。
“通过概念验证方式对创新项目进行深度评估，是一种新的尝试。”北京理工大学郑州研究院副院长周勇说，专家提出的评估意见和建议，将成为研究院首批团队引育的基本依据，为项目加速落地奠定基础。
但周勇也有担忧，对于高校科技人员来说，科研成果的所有权问题是绑住他们的“绳子”，职务科研成果所有权属于高校，如果转化失败则可能被扣上“国有资产流失”的帽子。这种风险，让很多人不敢迈出第一步。
“是科研端先走出去，还是产业端先上门对接？”这是华中科技大学光电学院教授李政言过去常困惑的一个问题。让他想不到的是，有人帮他们迈出了“第一步”。
李政言在激光领域深耕多年，和同事攻克了一些重要技术，论文也发了不少。但是，这些论文一直没变成“产品”，直至他们遇到光谷实验室。
“这里帮我们承担了成果转化的风险。”他说。
光谷实验室是湖北省近年来成立的新型研发机构，主要聚焦光电子领域前沿科学与技术问题，同时也关注相关技术的基础应用及成果转化。这里，是一群科学家和工程师的组合。李政言走出校门，成为光谷实验室的双聘教授。与他对接的，是华日激光的工程师，他们成立联合攻关小组，在实验室进行技术验证和转化。
“看到技术路线可行，甚至做出了样机，和看到一堆论文，企业的预期完全不一样，我们掏钱的痛快程度更不一样！”华日激光超快光纤实验室主任樊明琦说。
项目期间，李政言专心在实验室做成果转化。“项目结束后，无论成功与否，我想回学校也完全没问题，编制会一直保留。”李政言说，解决好“不能转”“不好转”“不想转”的问题，科技成果转化带来的“聚变”才能真正实现。
（2）先天不足，后天怎么补？
必须承认，发展新质生产力，区域不平衡客观存在。一些地区和行业的科技成果转化能力强，一些则相对迟缓，久而久之，差距就拉开了。
怎么办？
总结受访专家建议，调研组发现，先天不足，更要巧找抓手——
一抓资源引进。主动对接国家重大战略、融入区域协调发展，吸引外部资本和技术转移；与高校、科研院所建立合作关系，促进产学研合作。
比如，河南省面临创新资源匮乏、人才不足的问题，短时间内难解决，咋弄？
大力引进一流高校和科研机构在郑州开设研究院，通过引人才带资源。河南省发改委政研室主任牛勇告诉调研组：“目前，哈工大、上海交大、北理工的郑州研究院都落地了。”
二抓平台建设。搭建孵化器、科技园、研发中心等创新载体，为创新创业提供物理空间、资金支持、法律咨询等一站式服务。
内蒙古包头市有这样一家稀土功能材料创新中心，不仅自己做研发，还为别人提供中试验证等技术服务。目前已服务80多家企业，孵化了16家高技术企业，开发共性关键性技术30项。
“这是一个共建共享的平台。”中心研发部部长刘金荣介绍，一方面，以技术为依托，孵化成立高技术企业，并提供科研硬件的设施保障；另一方面，以市场需求为导向，不断开发新技术、新产品，经济效益与技术创新双驱动。
三抓政策保障。制定税收减免、财政补贴等优惠政策；改善信息网络、交通物流等基础设施，优化营商环境。
比如，数字技术发展快，稍不留神就会落后，已积累一定发展优势的贵州怎么办？
“贵州财政不宽裕，得把钱用在刀刃上。”刘梅说，为了保持优势，贵州推出一揽子算力券政策，既激励算力也激励数据，帮助企业降低算力使用成本，并支持各行业开放应用场景。
“很多外地企业一边申领，一边主动和我们对接业务，据企业反馈，现在还有几个大订单正在谈。”她开心地说。
（3）“旧”产业，如何焕新机？
传统产业转型升级是发展新质生产力的题中应有之义，但很多地方在“破与立”“取与舍”的进退中仍心存迷茫。
“没有旧，哪来新？！”中国人民大学应用经济学院教授黄阳华指出，“很多新赛道都是从旧赛道延伸拓展而来，改造提升传统产业，也是发展新质生产力的重要途径，必须强化产业梯次布局。”
调研发现，合肥的产业发展之路，是一个很好的注解。以家电产业起步，这个曾经工业基础薄弱的城市，如今已是新型显示、集成电路等新兴产业重地。
“没有‘合肥家电’，就没有‘合肥芯屏’！新兴产业也是从传统产业升级而来的。”合肥市发改委副主任程羽说，做大家电产业后，合肥发现彩电等家电产品对显示屏有着巨大需求，于是进行产业升级，紧跟技术迭代，布局新型显示技术。“而做大显示产业后，又发现钱大多被显示器背后的芯片赚走了，于是我们决定做芯片，补齐产业链。”
从“旧”产业中寻找新方向，黄河岸边的戈壁滩上也在探索。对他们而言，要抛弃的是“旧技术”。
“我们绝不会丢掉传统能源产业，而是要将它转变为发展新质生产力的前沿。”宁夏宁东能源化工基地管委会副主任金政伟语气坚定。
宁东能源化工基地是国家重要的大型煤炭生产基地、“西电东送”火电基地。现在，他们开始了“二次创业”。
创什么业？传统煤炭产业又“黑”又“粗”，附加值比较低。他们要从这“黑”中找“白”、“粗”中取“精”，发展煤制油、精细化工、高性能纤维等新技术和高端产品，把煤炭“吃干榨净”。
传统产业是国民经济的基本盘，发展新质生产力潜力巨大。随着调研的深入，我们深切感到，传统产业完全可以通过高端化、智能化、绿色化，转型升级为新质生产力。
向改革要新质生产力
“发展新质生产力，必须进一步全面深化改革，形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。”习近平总书记的重要论述振聋发聩、掷地有声。
刚刚闭幕的党的二十届三中全会，吹响了进一步全面深化改革的号角，为加快形成同新质生产力更相适应的生产关系，促进各类先进生产要素向发展新质生产力集聚，提供强大动力。
是的，从一棵树到一片森林，新质生产力要蔚然成势，进一步全面深化改革是关键一招。
1.科技体制改革增活力
调研中，不少科技人员慨叹，虽然我国科技竞争力整体上有了提升，但在一些领域与发达国家还差距明显。需进一步发挥好集中力量办大事的制度优势，让更多创新成果“冒”出来。
●减负、松绑、赋权
众多受访者向调研组呼吁，一定不能让科技人员陷入对“帽子”“牌子”“本子”的一味追逐中！
中国工程院院士陈清泉反映，当前，科研成果结题烦琐、评价机制人为因素多、重数量轻质量等现象依然存在。
“别让科技人员被一些无关紧要的科研评价体系困扰。”他呼吁。
中国科学院院士周忠和建议，改革科技工作者收入构成，对其基本保障和绩效比例进行调整，让他们，特别是年轻人能潜心科学探索。
“更多地方打通科技人员在学界与产业界双向流动的‘旋转门’，让优秀科技人员既能走上高校、科研院所的讲台，也能走进企业研发生产一线。”南京航空航天大学教授赵玲建议。
●稳定支持、少干扰
充足的经费保障，对科技创新来说必不可少。
“我们已经是创新型国家了，在科技投入上现在要有更高标准，要对标发达国家！”罗先刚呼吁。
如何对标？他建议，切实提高科技投入，特别是基础研究的投入比例，加大对基础学科和交叉学科的长期稳定支持。
中国社会科学院经济研究所所长黄群慧进一步提出，应构建点面结合、集中力量办大事的财政科技投入保障机制，注重发挥财政资金的杠杆作用，引导金融支持科技创新。
“竞争性的科研资助项目太多了，稳定性经费太少，科技人员压力太大！”胡雯指出，青年科技人员为跑经费、争项目而烦恼，建议降低竞争性资助比例，延长稳定资助周期，减少行政干预和考核频次。
●协同、共享、优化
有组织科研能发挥新型举国体制优势，是开辟新领域新赛道的急迫需要。
“这需要我们转变思维。”中国科学院大学教授齐继峰向调研组建议，打破“小作坊思维”，向大科学研究范式转变，强化需求导向意识。发挥好建制化科研组织模式优势，提高资源共享水平。“比如，通过建立课题组群、实验室群等，把研究机构组织起来，集中优势力量开展跨领域、跨学科协同攻关。”
“现有科技资源的配置效率还要提高。”中国科学技术发展战略研究院研究员丁明磊建议，进一步优化国家科研机构、高水平研究型大学、科技领军企业定位和布局，更好发挥他们的创新效能。
2.产业升级跃迁强动能
传统产业“大而不强”“全而不精”，新兴产业基础薄弱，未来产业“不进则退，慢进亦退”，怎么办？
●实验线连通生产线
科技成果转化做得怎么样，牵一发而动全身，对产业提升至关重要。
苏州工业园区产业创新中心副主任贺海涛向调研组表示，高校和科研院所应加强与产业界的联动，“通过创新联合体开展核心技术攻关时，高校参与的积极性不够，但企业的需求又十分强烈，高校应该反思，如何更好融入产业，从源头上产出更多满足产业需求的技术”。
方向则进一步建议，大力发展共性技术平台、中试验证平台，让实验室成果尽早进入企业生产线。
“现在，不缺好的技术，而是缺好的技术经理人。”广东省科学院佛山产业技术研究院院长殷红军说，他们懂技术又懂市场，精于科技成果转化，“但很多人有误解，以为他们就是‘中介’，严重低估了这类人才的重要性。”
殷红军指出，技术经理人扮演着“科学家+企业家”双重角色。比如在佛山产研院，技术经理人还要给创业团队设计公司的股权结构、治理结构、产品结构等，一般人干不来，“这类人才一定要加强培养”。
●高端化、智能化、绿色化
只有深化改革，才能让传统产业释放其所蕴含的新质生产力。
丁明磊建议，鼓励传统制造业采用新工艺新技术，加强产品创新，提高核心竞争力，推动传统制造业高端化发展，加快迈向价值链高端。
“推进数字经济与传统产业深度融合，为传统产业转型升级插上数字翅膀。”山东社会科学院院长袁红英建议，立足不同产业特点和差异化需求，推动传统产业全方位、全链条数字化转型，加快大数据、云计算、物联网等信息技术融合，提高全要素生产率。
“绿色技术也很重要。”龚晓峰建议，充实支持低碳发展的政策工具箱，完善绿色制造和服务体系。
●政策呵护、着眼长远
新兴产业和未来产业发展，都以重大技术突破为基础。
陕西省生物农业研究所副所长李勃建议，围绕关键核心零部件和行业基础技术等，加大攻关，夯实新兴产业和未来产业根基。
“新兴产业和未来产业往往处于探索阶段，缺乏成熟的模式参考，政策呵护很重要。”河北省雄安新区改革发展局副局长尚斌建议，搭建政策供给体系，进一步完善科技创新、产业发展顶层设计和产业政策体系，加快制定符合产业发展需要的支持政策。
“政策制定过程中，应着眼长远，不急于求成。特别是密切关注未来产业发展过程中的痛点、难点，靶向施策，减少障碍。”北京师范大学政府管理学院教授魏成龙建议。
3.先进生产要素多集聚
发展新质生产力，有赖于管理、资本、劳动等各类生产要素质量提升和配置效率改进。
●有为政府“有形之手”
调研中，很多受访者呼吁，政府的“有形之手”应伸缩有度。
程羽向调研组分享了一件事：当年，量子技术方兴未艾，潘建伟院士希望推进成果转化。政府部门的人开始对量子一无所知，几经请教后认识到量子信息对产业的颠覆性意义，马上锁定源头技术，这才有了合肥量子产业的今天。
“所以，在发展新质生产力的过程中，政府的管理和服务很重要，要做到‘聊起产业头头是道，说起技术如数家珍’。”程羽认为，政府要具备“撮合能力”，撮合技术和市场，撮合大企业和小企业，撮合投资人、银行和企业。
“投资不过山海关”，曾经，人们对东北的营商环境颇多抱怨。“这几年，我们开展了‘办事不找关系’改革，就是给老百姓吃下一颗公平公正的‘定心丸’。还专门发布指南，核定8.4万项可容缺办理事项，绘制3.2万张办事路径图，让大家办事更透溜！”辽宁省营商环境建设局相关负责人告诉调研组。
“再好的政策支持，也需要保持连续性。”这也是调研中企业反复强调的。
中国宏观经济研究院决策咨询部副主任黄卫挺认为，只有增强企业创新的稳定预期，健全创新融资机制和风险分摊机制，才能让企业减少后顾之忧，舍得投入、敢于创新。
而对于一些地方存在的政策“踩油门”“踩刹车”并存现象，黑龙江省科技厅成果转化一处处长周昊建议，加强不同部门、不同领域政策间的协同，以一致性、稳定性保障政策的最大效益。
●投早、投小、投长期、投硬科技
调研发现，对科创企业的金融支持，难点尤其多，最突出的是银行以抵押品价值确定贷款额度，而科创企业普遍重研发、轻资产，很多初期经营状况并不“漂亮”，但又确实需要资金，怎么办？
科创企业最值钱的抵押品是技术——中国建设银行上海市分行只看“技术流”、不看“资金流”；湖北对企业创新能力、发展前景等量化打分，让金融机构心中有“数”，敢贷愿贷。这种探索，值得更多地方思考和借鉴。
企业期盼，驱动更多资本成为长期资本、耐心资本，真正树立“投早、投小、投长期、投硬科技”的风向标。
“越是包容的地方，越能加快发展新质生产力。”李勃认为，政府应该有共担风险的格局，实施包容审慎的监管，比如设定行业“观察期”和政策“过渡期”。
“先共担风险，再共享风光。”他呼吁。
黄阳华进一步建议，建立健全政府科技研发资金、产业引导资金与市场化投资基金的联动机制，推动各类政府产业投资基金以一定比例支持未来产业，“还可以鼓励保险资金等长期资金加大对未来产业的投入”。
●强技能、补缺口
发展新质生产力，需要的不仅仅是科技人才，产业人才也必不可少！
“产业升级，呼唤应用型产业技能人才。”金华职业技术大学党委书记王振洪向调研组表示，应培养更多具备多维知识结构、熟练掌握智能工具的技能型、应用型产业人才，及时将科技创新成果应用到具体产业和产业链上。
哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司总经理鞠凤鸣向调研组反映，当前，制造业人才缺口大，高技能人才尤为短缺，产业技能人才出现“青黄不接”现象。
“教育布局滞后于行业发展，是新兴产业技能人才供给‘捉襟见肘’的重要原因。”他呼吁，增强职业技能教育和培训的针对性、实效性。
王振洪建议：“完善以职业资格评价、职业技能等级认定和专项职业能力考核为主要内容的技能人才评价机制，可推行技术入股、能级薪酬协商等激励政策。”
期盼也好，呼声也罢，都将在改革中获得回应。
在改革中解题，在创新中聚能，新质生产力迸发出的无穷力量，定会形成高质量发展的蓬勃之势。
结 语
循“新”出发，向“新”求进。
这100多个日日夜夜，调研组在实验室里聆听新质生产力的心跳，在生产线旁触摸新质生产力的脉动，在阡陌纵横间感受新质生产力的健步……神州大地，数不尽向上的力量在涌动。
发展新质生产力，已是全社会的一致行动。我们深深感到，它，不是一句口号，不是一项政绩工程，更不是一件自我装扮的华衣美服。它要解决的，是这片土地上的高质量发展问题，是迈向现代化的坚实步伐问题，是社会持续进步的根本动力问题。
它需要的是“新”、是“质”，更是“实”——因地制宜，脚踏实地，实干、肯干、敢干！
它是发展命题，更是改革命题。你看，改革的东风愈加强劲，我们，有什么理由不快马加鞭？
奔跑吧，让我们加速向前！
（调研组成员：本报记者王慧敏、薄洁萍、丰捷、陈海波、崔兴毅、马姗姗、张雁、杨舒、陈慧娟、陈晨、陈恒、刘坤、常河、苏雁、颜维琦、王建宏、吴春燕、严圣禾、吕慎、吴琳、张士英、刘勇、王胜昔、刘艳杰、高平、闫磊）
【Big Survey, We Are in Action】Towards the New, the Better, and the Future! ——Big Survey on the Development of New Quality Productivity Author: This newspaper's research team "Guangming Daily" (August 6, 2024, Page 01)
【Big Survey, We Are in Action】
Editor's Note
In the new era, my country's economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. It is imperative to vigorously develop new quality productivity!
"Developing new quality productivity is an inherent requirement and important focus for promoting high-quality development." Since July 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly proposed the development of new quality productivity and made systematic expositions on it.
In this year's "Government Work Report", "accelerating the development of new quality productive forces" was listed as the first of the ten major tasks; the "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed to improve the system and mechanism for developing new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions.
How to implement "innovation", "quality" and "advanced productivity"? How to demonstrate "high technology, high efficiency and high quality"? How to practice "establish first and then break, adapt to local conditions and provide classified guidance"? What difficulties have various industries encountered and what experiences have they accumulated in the process of exploration and practice?
The research team of this newspaper embarked on the journey since the Spring Festival. It lasted for 4 months and traveled to the coastal inland areas, Lingnan and northern Taiwan to feel the passion of heroic progress and listen to the footsteps of perseverance and determination!
Introduction
Productivity is the fundamental driving force for the development of human society and the ultimate cause of all social changes and political transformations.
From primitive humans collecting wild fruits and hunting with stones in the East African savannah millions of years ago, to the use of iron tools and manual production in agricultural societies thousands of years ago;
From the invention and application of steam engines and the mass production of machines in the 18th century to the emergence of electricity as a new power source in the mid-to-late 19th century;
From the emergence of atomic energy and electronic computers in the 1940s and 1950s to today's artificial intelligence leading the digital economy...
As long as we look at human history, the traction of productivity is obvious, and every leap can greatly change the form of civilization.
At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating and giving rise to new productivity. This is a historical necessity.
China, seize the opportunity and act accordingly!
From worrying about being "expelled from the game" to firmly maintaining its position as the world's second largest economy, from importing even one screw to becoming the world's number one in production of more than 220 industrial products, from 80% of the population being illiterate to becoming the world's largest in terms of higher education... Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially after the reform and opening up, our country has continuously liberated and developed productivity, and has completed the industrialization process that took developed countries hundreds of years in just a few decades. Historic changes have taken place in the land of China.
Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. my country's GDP has doubled in ten years, and its economic strength has achieved a historic leap. Its average annual contribution to world economic growth has exceeded 30%, and its role as a "stabilizer" and "power source" continues to stand out. Basic research and original innovation have been continuously strengthened, and breakthroughs have been made in some key core technologies. my country has entered the ranks of innovative countries. The green and low-carbon transformation has achieved remarkable results, strategic emerging industries have developed and grown, and scientific and technological innovation has strongly supported the construction of a modern industrial system, building the world's most complete and largest industrial system. my country's economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process.
However, we must also see that the world is undergoing a major change that has not been seen in a century, which is accelerating in all directions and at a deep level. The tide of "anti-globalization" is surging, the global industrial structure and economic landscape are being reconstructed at an accelerated pace, and scientific and technological innovation has become the focus of competition among major countries. Looking at the domestic situation, there are still a large number of factors that restrict high-quality development. Key core technologies in some fields are still controlled by others. The idea of extensive expansion and inefficient development in some regions continues. The institutional and mechanism drawbacks that restrict high-quality economic and social development have not yet been eradicated.
We will overcome difficulties, strive for progress, and set sail!
High-quality development is the hard truth of the new era and requires new productivity theories to guide it; comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization requires advanced productivity as the fundamental driving force; and contributing China's responsibility to the global economy and human well-being requires advanced productivity as the ultimate force.
It is imperative to vigorously develop new quality productivity!
What kind of new productivity do we need?
What is new quality productivity?
"The characteristic is innovation, the key is high quality, and the essence is advanced productivity." "Innovation plays a leading role, breaking away from the traditional economic growth mode and productivity development path, with the characteristics of high technology, high efficiency and high quality, and the advanced productivity quality state that conforms to the new development concept." General Secretary Xi Jinping's important remarks are insightful.
How to accelerate the formation of new quality productivity?
"Integrate scientific and technological innovation resources to lead the development of strategic emerging industries and future industries" and "We must use scientific and technological innovation to promote industrial innovation, especially to use disruptive technologies and cutting-edge technologies to give birth to new industries, new models, and new momentum." General Secretary Xi Jinping's important remarks have pointed out the direction.
New quality productivity has been formed in practice and demonstrated its strong driving force and support for high-quality development!
In the vast land of China, in this hot scene, we are pursuing this surging power.
1. Answers in practice
Quantum, the smallest unit of energy in the microscopic world, is bursting with huge energy in the macroscopic world - in just a few seconds, a quantum computer can complete the calculation amount that a supercomputer would take 47 years to complete;
Data, the "oil" of the digital age, is penetrating every production line - the integration of digital technology and manufacturing is giving century-old factories a new lease of life;
New energy, an emerging industry that creates a green life, is reshaping our economic landscape - electric passenger cars, lithium batteries, solar cells, the "new three" in foreign trade are strongly replacing the "old three" in clothing, furniture, and home appliances.
From concept to action, the pursuit of "new" and "quality" is unstoppable!
(1) What is new about new quality productivity?
There is more than one way to go up the mountain.
At Jiufeng Mountain, a group of people are looking for a new way to the top. This highest peak in Wuhan city is now "borrowed" by a scientific research institution - Hubei Jiufeng Mountain Laboratory.
On the day the research team visited the laboratory's process center, technicians were busy in front of the equipment, developing compound semiconductor technology.
"It is a semiconductor material formed by two or more elements with a certain atomic ratio. Different compound semiconductor materials have different 'abilities'." Zhao Bo, a process engineer at the Jiufengshan Laboratory Process Center, told the research team.
This is a very narrow "road" - in the global semiconductor field, semiconductor products based on single-element silicon materials account for more than 95%, and compound semiconductors are an absolute minority.
This is another very new "road" - semiconductors made of compound materials such as gallium nitride and silicon carbide have broad application prospects in the fields of new generation mobile communications, new energy vehicles, aerospace, etc., and are called third-generation semiconductors.
Why take this path?
"From 7 nanometers, 5 nanometers, to 3 nanometers, silicon-based semiconductor processes are becoming more and more 'volume'. Unlike silicon-based semiconductors, compound semiconductors are mainly used in high-power, high-voltage, radio frequency, optoelectronics and other application fields, and do not require 'volume' advanced processes." Zhao Bo said that this new track "now accounts for a small proportion, but has broad prospects."
In the view of Han Jian, director of the Radio Management Institute of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (Future Industry Research Center) of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, one of the keys to the "new" in new quality productivity is to open up new technological routes and find new tracks through scientific and technological innovation. "Compound semiconductors and silicon-based semiconductors are not about who will replace whom, but rather providing an additional choice."
More importantly, this new road to the top will not be blocked by others. "In this new field, my country strives to keep pace with or even take the lead!" said Han Jian.
This is high technology! Traditional productivity relies on the superposition of production factors such as land and capital, while new productivity has raised the importance of technology as a production factor to an unprecedented level.
What is new is not just technology, it may also be a new industrial form.
At Shenzhen Baishilong Music Park, when you are tired of playing, you can order a drink. After 15 minutes, a drone will land steadily and drop the meal into the takeaway airdrop cabinet. You only need to enter the last digit of your mobile phone number to pick up the meal.
A drone also flew low over a construction site dozens of kilometers away. However, it was not there to deliver food, but to provide an "eye" - to quickly check and send back images of the site to help emergency management departments identify potential safety hazards.
Still in Shenzhen, a new type of low-altitude unmanned aircraft slowly flew 80 meters into the air with passengers. This is not something that came out of a science fiction movie. It has just obtained the world's first airworthiness certificate for an electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft!
The low-altitude economy is becoming a new type of productivity that "demands GDP from the sky" with its innovative technologies and industrial models - it has many innovative factors, a long industrial chain, and rich application scenarios, which are all obvious characteristics of the new type of productivity.
"Land resources in big cities are already being utilized in every possible way. If low-altitude resources can be fully utilized, the benefits will be huge," said Xu Changdong, director of the China Low-altitude Industry Economics Research Institute.
The new business format brings huge dividends, and the new model also has new quality productivity, and is also new in the production management model.
There is an old clothing company in Qingdao that can produce multiple types of clothing at the same time on one assembly line.
Why is it so magical? Because of the "intelligent hub" - the Caos Industrial Internet platform.
"This 'intelligent hub' can integrate industrial data resources through technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and digital twins to help companies optimize production models, improve quality, reduce costs, and increase efficiency." Wang Chao, technical director of the Caos Industrial Intelligence Research Institute, told the research team.
A few years ago, this company was unable to adapt to the new market demands for customization due to its backward technology and low production efficiency, and could only sigh and regret.
Through the government's matchmaking, the Kaos Industrial Internet platform provides enterprises with a comprehensive solution for "intelligent manufacturing" of clothing, including customized ordering, open design, and intelligent production. The flexible production of "small orders and quick response" has transformed old equipment and achieved the effect of "one for many".
Many front-line technical personnel told the research team that new-quality productivity requires revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, as well as innovative allocation of production factors and deep transformation and upgrading of industries, ultimately achieving a significant increase in total factor productivity.
(2) How is “high quality” reflected?
In order to seek "innovation", we must also focus on "quality".
A command was issued from Nanjing, and in a factory in Hangzhou hundreds of kilometers away, the unmanned vehicle started, turned, and stopped, with the time delay kept within 20 microseconds and the moving distance error at the centimeter level.
This is thanks to a network - the Future Network Experimental Facility (CENI), which is 34,000 kilometers long and covers 40 cities in my country.
Why build this network?
"The industrial Internet and intelligent manufacturing fields must significantly reduce the delay and jitter of data transmission, and cross-regional scheduling of computing power also needs to significantly improve data transmission efficiency." Tan Hang, executive vice president of the Jiangsu Future Network Innovation Research Institute, said that building a new network architecture is urgent.
The future network came into being. Where is its "high quality" reflected?
"Certainty!" Tan Hang explained that the Internet we currently use is like a road, which is often blocked and stopped. The future network will provide "punctual and accurate" data transmission services through new technologies. It is an "information high-speed railway" where the "trains" will not be late.
The "China Sky Eye" deep in the mountains and the scientific and technological personnel in Beijing more than 2,000 kilometers away have already tasted the sweetness of the future network. The "China Sky Eye" collects a large amount of scientific data every moment and transmits it to the laboratory in Beijing. After interconnection with CENI, the data transmission efficiency has increased from 40% to 90%, greatly improving the efficiency of scientific research.
This is high efficiency! Excellent quality, excellent quality, excellent efficiency.
In Guangdong, the research team saw another kind of quality - greenness.
"Our digital transformation philosophy can be summed up in one sentence - eliminate all waste," said Li Xiaoyu, director of GAC Aion's technology department.
Without going to the site, you can complete customized selection on the App, with thousands of faces for thousands of people - more than 20 configuration styles such as tires, interiors, exteriors, etc., for customers to choose, and they can pick up the goods in about a week. The data generated by customized needs is not only transmitted to automobile manufacturers, but also provided to suppliers, dealers and after-sales service personnel in real time, with the goal of eliminating "waste" in the entire industry chain.
"We have also improved our production processes to save energy and reduce emissions." Pan Jingchi, director of GAC Aion's engineering department, did the math for the research team, "By simply reusing the waste heat generated by heat pump combustion, we can save more than 800,000 cubic meters of oxygen and 130,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity each year."
Greener and lower carbon, new quality productivity itself is green productivity!
When it comes to high quality, we cannot forget the important component of productivity – workers.
Shenzhen is proud of the fact that you can build a complete drone without leaving Shenzhen. Behind the strong manufacturing base and the complete upstream and downstream industrial chain are a large number of industrial talents.
"The new quality of productivity places higher demands on the knowledge and skills of workers." Gong Xiaofeng, director of the Shenzhen University Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Emerging Industry Development Research Institute, told the research team that Shenzhen's emerging industries such as electronic information, new energy vehicles, and low-altitude economy are growing rapidly, and an important reason for the explosive growth of future industries such as artificial intelligence and humanoid robots is that it has a large number of high-quality workers, especially high-level talents.
There are more than 24,000 high-level talents, more than 4 million skilled talents, and the total number of talents of all kinds exceeds 6.79 million... "Shenzhen's 'local specialty' is no longer lychee, but technology-based entrepreneurs. They are an indispensable high-quality force for developing new quality productivity." Gong Xiaofeng is excited.
Chen Guang, a professor at Southwest Jiaotong University, pointed out that although new quality productivity may reduce the demand for low-skilled labor, it also creates more high-skilled and high-value-added jobs. New quality productivity calls for "new quality" workers, which is a challenge and an opportunity.
(3) What is the “advanced” nature of advanced productive forces?
"my country's automobile industry should skip the gasoline and diesel stage and directly enter the new energy stage to reduce environmental pollution" "China has the ability to skip a step and directly enter a new era of automobiles"...
In 1992, Qian Xuesen wrote a letter to the leaders of the State Council, looking forward to the development of my country's automobile industry. More than 30 years later, Qian's vision has become a reality - in 2023, my country's production and sales of new energy vehicles will reach 9.587 million and 9.495 million respectively, ranking first in the world for 9 consecutive years.
A car has tens of thousands of parts and a long industrial chain, which has a significant driving effect on the manufacturing industry and is an important manifestation of a country's manufacturing strength. However, for a long time, due to the control of core technologies such as fuel vehicle engines and gearboxes, my country's automobile industry has been at the weak end of the global industrial chain.
Behind the rise of the new energy vehicle industry is the tremendous progress in basic materials, batteries, motors, electronic controls, and vehicle manufacturing. "In the global new energy vehicle industry chain, our country's 'three-electric' technology is in the leading position." Li Bin, head of intelligent manufacturing at Ideal Auto, could not hide his pride.
In 2023, the combined export value of my country's electric passenger cars, lithium batteries and solar cells exceeded the trillion yuan mark for the first time. "Developing emerging industries and promoting the emergence of new industrial chains or the reconstruction of existing industrial chains can enhance our position in the global industrial chain." Li Xiaohua, a researcher at the Institute of Chinese Modernization of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the research team that although my country is a manufacturing power, many industries are at the middle and low end of the global industrial chain and value chain. The reason why new energy vehicles can become a typical representative of new quality productivity is that it allows the Chinese automobile industry to "drive" onto the middle and high end of the global value chain, and even further, on the road of intelligent driving, Mercedes-Benz is at the forefront of the world.
This is high quality!
If new energy vehicles provide impetus for high-quality development, then quantum technology can provide support for thousands of industries.
21 years ago, my country's first quantum computing research group was established in Hefei. Today, it is home to the country's largest quantum information research and industry cluster, and quantum has become Hefei's "business card" in the country and even the world.
Entering Benyuan Quantum, a company born in the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a string of numbers flashed on the big screen - after it went online on January 6, it has been visited more than 12.34 million times by users from 125 countries, and successfully completed 252,000 global quantum computing tasks.
"Online" refers to my country's third-generation superconducting quantum computer "Benyuan Wukong". The name "Wukong" implies the powerful computing power of "72 transformations".
"This is currently the most advanced programmable and deliverable superconducting quantum computer in our country!" Kong Weicheng, head of the "Benyuan Wukong" hardware development team, told the research team that the quantum computer is open to global users free of charge for a limited time, marking that my country has officially entered the "available" era of quantum computing power.
Yes, quantum has come to us from the laboratory - quantum computing can be used for artificial intelligence, drug screening, etc.; quantum encryption technology has been used for tax control and supervision at gas stations; quantum sensors can detect brain magnetism, heart magnetism and many other signals that were previously undetectable and uncertain...
Huang Xianhai, vice president of Zhejiang University, pointed out that as a kind of advanced productive force, the "advancedness" of new-quality productive forces is reflected in tangible realities - providing strong impetus and support for high-quality development, achieving a leap in productivity, and making people's lives better.
2. What misunderstandings should be dispelled?
The development of any thing is a unity of progressiveness and tortuousness.
At the front line of research, we also heard some reflective voices - to develop new quality productivity, we must always remain sober and determined to prevent misunderstanding of concepts and deviation in actions.
(1) New quality productivity cannot just be a new outfit
During the survey, we found that some places, industries and enterprises regard the new quality productivity as an all-encompassing "basket" and put everything into it. Whenever they talk about development issues, they put on the concept of new quality productivity, as if they put on "new clothes" and suddenly became "new quality".
For example, some companies simply put some automated equipment into use but do not use it much, and they claim to have new quality productivity. Some people believe that as long as the cultural industry has something to do with technology, it is "cultural new quality productivity." Some places develop tourism projects and add some cool scenes of the metaverse, and they think it is "cultivating tourism new quality productivity"...
Wang Xi, a researcher at the School of Economics at Peking University, warned that once the new quality of productivity is generalized and abused, it is likely to fall into a "conceptual idleness" that is meaningless - not only will it "ruin" the concept, but it will also result in a waste of time and money that is not worth the cost.
In some future industrial fields, merchants' "products" are even ahead of technological inventions. Some companies use the guise of "metaverse blockchain games" to package themselves as high-tech projects in order to gain government investment and private financing. Some companies hype the concept of "quantum technology", and quantum air purifiers, quantum mattresses, and quantum acupuncture are all the rage...
"Take the metaverse for example. A lot of it is just gimmicks and is still far from being a new kind of productivity." Shi Fuyi, general manager of Liangfengtai (Kunshan) Information Technology Co., Ltd., which is engaged in the research and development of metaverse technology, told the research team that the development of new quality productivity must be based on a solid technical foundation. The metaverse is an integration of multiple digital technologies such as blockchain, digital twins, and virtual simulation. These technologies are not yet mature, and the deep integration of multiple technologies also faces challenges.
"The field of artificial intelligence also exists with problems such as concept hype and difficulty in implementing technology." Fang Chao, a professor at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, told the research team that some regions have launched various projects under the banner of artificial intelligence, but without the corresponding technology and actual application scenarios, they cannot be transformed into actual productivity.
Some emerging industries also have the problem of "wearing new clothes".
For example, biomedicine. Some places blindly use biomedicine as a starting point for developing emerging industries, and without scientific market research and pre-planning, they introduce a large number of such enterprises. A biomedicine industrial park in a central city spent a lot of money to build a clean plant, but now it is idle. The "new clothes" have become "rags".
Why do these phenomena occur?
"This is related to the unscientific industrial planning in some regions." Hu Wen, a researcher at the Shanghai Industrial Innovation Ecosystem Research Center, believes that if industrial planning is significantly ahead of the concept verification and implementation of new technologies, it is easy to cause concept speculation and "old wine in new bottles". If government supervision lags behind the development of new technologies and there is a lack of norms and standards, it may also lead to the barbaric growth of new formats.
Fang Chao believes that some places or enterprises lack tangible technical tools when developing new quality productivity. "They just grab whatever is new and put on the 'new clothes' first. In the end, they can only be 'a blind man riding a blind horse, facing a deep pool in the middle of the night'."
(2) Developing new quality productivity is not the exclusive right of any one person
The research team found that some places believed that new quality productivity was exclusive to "new" and blindly welcomed "new" while ignoring traditional industries. For example, in terms of industrial planning and policy guidance, traditional industries such as steel, petrochemicals, nonferrous metals, and building materials were labeled as sunset industries and backward industries, resulting in less and less resource investment, and some even abandoned them, missing the opportunity to transform and upgrade traditional industries.
"In fact, new quality productivity represents a direction, and it is certainly right to move in this direction, but it does not mean to set traditional industries against new quality productivity." Li Xiaokun, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said, "While nurturing new branches and planting new seedlings, we cannot do without "new buds on old trees." What's more, the "old trees" are our capital and roots. my country's traditional industries account for more than 80% of the manufacturing industry!
Some places believe that new quality productivity belongs to "one model" and can be simply copied, but the result is "imitating others without success".
The model of "industrial buildings" is very popular for incubating new technologies and new industries. Since Shenzhen proposed to supply 100 million square meters of "industrial buildings" projects in five years, many places have followed suit.
"But compared to ordinary factories, 'industry moving up to the building' also involves the problem of demand matching." Du Qinghua, director of the Economic Research Institute of the Qinghai Academy of Social Sciences, said frankly that if you see other places doing well, you just copy them. "Can you walk well in someone else's shoes?!"
Some places think that new quality productivity is only for "excellent students" and that their conditions are average, so they just sit back and wait and rely on others. For example, some places without an industrial foundation and some old industrial bases.
Liu Yuanchun, president of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, said that the central and western regions have their own comparative advantages. They can selectively promote the development of new industries, new models, and new momentum based on their resource endowments, industrial bases, and scientific research conditions. They can also use new technologies to transform and upgrade traditional industries and achieve transformation and upgrading.
"Moreover, the formation of new quality productivity depends not only on scientific and technological innovation, but also on management and institutional innovation." Fan Zuojun, deputy director of the Guangxi Academy of Social Sciences, said that this means that even underdeveloped regions can still break into new tracks if they find their own way.
Guizhou is a good example. This mountainous province in the southwest now plays an important role in the big data industry.
"This is thanks to Guizhou's 'foresight'." Liu Mei, senior engineer of the Information Infrastructure Department of Guizhou Provincial Information Center, told the research team that Guizhou does not have the same industrial base as the eastern coastal areas in developing big data, but it has unique geographical advantages - the cool climate is conducive to the natural heat dissipation of servers, the stable geological structure is conducive to the safe operation of servers, and the abundant clean energy can provide power guarantee.
Guizhou’s experience tells us that
New-quality productivity is not "exclusive" to anyone. Do not blindly follow others or "wait and rely on others". Be content with what you have and know what you lack. Do what you can and cannot do what you cannot. Adapt to local conditions, find the right direction, and you can still "be unique and innovative like the flowers of February"!
(3) Don’t rush into developing new quality productivity
Generative AI has become popular this year. According to the data from the Cyberspace Administration of China, as of March this year, 117 "big models" have been successfully registered in my country.
Artificial intelligence is one of the important paths to develop new productivity. However, the "hundred-model war" may lead to inefficient "killing" of homogeneous competition.
"The 'Hundred Model War' will lead to waste of resources, market fluctuations, etc. A large number of companies will flock to the same track, and market demand will quickly become saturated, affecting companies' return on investment and development prospects." said Liu Wei, director of the Human-Computer Interaction and Cognitive Engineering Laboratory at Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications.
Behind the “Battle of Hundred Models” is also the rapid expansion of the computing power industry.
The survey found that local governments are enthusiastic about building computing centers, and duplication of construction is prominent, which leads to the dispersion of computing resources and low utilization rate. According to statistics, more than 30 cities are building or preparing to build intelligent computing centers, and some cities are building multiple centers at the same time, and even county towns are building them.
Zhu Dongyu, project leader of Tianjin Zhongke Wenge Technology Co., Ltd., believes that we should start from the needs of the application end, seek truth from facts, and plan the computing power industry from the perspective of regional coordination to achieve efficient use of resources. It is recommended that the country issue more detailed policy guidelines to prevent blind construction and guide the intensive and high-quality development of computing power centers.
The new energy industry also has similar problems. As it meets the expectation of developing new quality productivity, the new energy industry has seen a surge of "hot money". Clean energy industries such as wind and light are regarded as historic development opportunities in the northwest region, and the local government is happy to promote the launch of such projects to compete in development speed and scale. The result is that large projects have been implemented one after another, but the power generation cannot be absorbed locally.
"If the electricity cannot be delivered, it will take many years for these projects to pay back." Some company leaders are worried.
"To develop new energy, you can't just do it wherever you have money and enthusiasm." Shao Zhigang, a researcher at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, warned against blind investment and duplicate construction driven by political achievements and scale.
"Homogeneous competition will ultimately be resolved through the survival of the fittest in the market." Guo Kesa, distinguished professor at the School of Finance and Economics of Huaqiao University, said that only by carrying out differentiated development based on market demand can each achieve its own beauty and all can benefit from it.
How to Develop New Quality Productive Forces
During the investigation, a feeling constantly filled our hearts, that is, "Don't say it's easy to go down the mountain, it makes travelers mistakenly like it. Just as you enter the circle of thousands of mountains, one mountain releases another mountain blocks you."
We are delighted to see the vigorous vitality of new quality productivity, but we also deeply feel the confusion and difficulties encountered in actual development. There are many unsolved problems that need to be explored and thought about.
Only by finding the key to growth and constantly cultivating the fertile soil for development can new quality productivity be "filled with roses and a yard full of fragrance."
1. How to store the power of the source
To promote industrial innovation with scientific and technological innovation and to drive productivity to a new level with technological sources requires strong basic research and original innovation capabilities, continuous output of major original and disruptive scientific and technological achievements, and accelerated realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.
(1) Why is the source of “策源” so continuous?
To develop new productivity, we must pay attention to the "source". But where does the "source" come from?
"The world's scientific and technological frontiers, the main battlefield of the economy, the country's major needs, and people's life and health, the 'four aspects' point out the direction of scientific and technological innovation!" In the view of Zhang Mizhi, director of the Statistics and Evaluation Research Office of the Shanghai Institute of Science and Technology Studies, only by throwing out "real problems" can "real projects" representing the direction of new quality productivity emerge.
Shanghai Jiao Tong University's "Medical and Engineering Cross-Research Fund" is exploring solutions to the problem of "who sets the questions" in technical research. "Doctors raise questions in clinical practice, and scientific and technological talents from various fields such as science, engineering, and medicine form a systematic research team to jointly propose solutions. Doctors then verify and judge the practicality of the results and propose optimization needs," said Han Haibo, deputy director of the university's Academic Development and Achievements Office.
Of course, in order to ensure that the "source" of "strategy" is continuous, in addition to identifying the problems, we must also innovate mechanisms to ensure it.
During the survey, many experts said that the more original the scientific research is, the more likely it is to have non-consensus. "The current widely used peer review consensus support mechanism needs to be strengthened to support disruptive, high-risk, and especially non-consensus innovation research in cross-disciplinary fields," Han Haibo pointed out.
There is a typical case - a research project applied for the National Natural Science Foundation four times, but because most review experts were skeptical about its feasibility, it was never able to enter the next stage under the conventional review mechanism. It was not until the "Original Exploration Program" was introduced that this non-consensus project passed the review and received funding.
"This reflects from one aspect that if scientific research management overemphasizes indicators and quantification and ignores scientific and technological quality, value, and impact, the 'real problems' will be buried." Xu Fang, a researcher at the Institute of Science and Technology Strategy Consulting of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told the research team that only by emphasizing "real" innovation and "hard" technology can the source of fresh water flow in.
(2) From 0 to 1, how does “qualitative” change come about?
New quality productivity requires the emergence of original and disruptive technologies, but technology cannot be bought or asked for. We must strengthen basic and cutting-edge research to achieve more from 0 to 1.
0 to 1, catalyzing transformation, what does it rely on?
"Three aspects are indispensable: strengthening the research and judgment of cutting-edge technologies and disruptive technology trends; strengthening national strategic scientific and technological strength; and accelerating the implementation of major scientific and technological projects that lead the future," said Luo Xiangang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
Zhejiang Liangzhu Laboratory is making great efforts. They are building an "innovation tribe" - a gathering place for diverse innovative forces and resources. Innovators, whether from research institutes or enterprises, can come to the laboratory to verify their new technologies, cross multiple disciplines, cooperate upstream and downstream, and continuously optimize and iterate.
"Everyone gets together to fully share knowledge in their respective fields and work together to solve problems." Ouyang Hongwei, executive deputy director of Liangzhu Laboratory, introduced that during this process, the laboratory is also focusing on common key issues in the industry, deriving next-generation technology needs, and thus stimulating new original research.
The door is open! No more closed-door research. Create an ecosystem! Give birth to cutting-edge technologies and meet industry needs. A strong "chemical reaction" occurs among scientific and technological personnel here.
However, the survey found that some scientific research institutions are still using the old ways. "Science and technology management activities have not kept up with the pace of scientific research paradigm progress, resulting in innovation being hindered," said Xiang Fang, a researcher at the China National Institute of Metrology.
"New quality productivity involves new fields and high technical content, but it is precisely this 'new' that makes it easy for people to be invisible, unclear and incomprehensible." Li Xiangfeng, director of the New Economy Research Institute of the China (Shenzhen) Academy of Comprehensive Development, told the research team that many fields have invested a lot in R&D, but it is difficult to see results within a long period of time, which ultimately affects the R&D decisions and investments of the entire industry.
Du Zhijiang, a professor at Harbin Institute of Technology, is facing such a problem.
"Can we make our own surgical robot?" He asked a bold question in 2013. Faced with foreign monopoly and lack of technical standards, he led his team to be the first to try it.
Eleven years later, they have broken through many difficult technical barriers and achieved independent control of core components and algorithms. However, they still have to invest hundreds of millions of yuan every year to continue in the extremely "money-burning" robot track. Du Zhijiang said that this long research and development road from 0 to 1 is "too difficult! Too difficult!"
"This reminds policymakers and scientific and technological personnel that going from 0 to 1 depends on long-termism." Cheng Wei, who has been engaged in laser technology research and development at HUST for a long time, feels the same way. The rapid development of the Internet economy has made some investors addicted to "short-term, flat and fast". "At present, it is even more necessary to create conditions for scientific researchers to concentrate on their research."
(3) 1+1>2, how is the innovative synergy formed?
"Innovation may encounter bottlenecks, but breaking through the bottlenecks is not as easy as imagined!" Li Xiangfeng pointed out the main problems of current scientific and technological innovation - it involves tackling complex underlying technologies, which is difficult to achieve by relying on a single person. It urgently requires different innovation entities such as enterprises, universities, and research institutes to work together to form an innovation consortium.
However, there are obstacles on the road to innovation and collaboration. Many business leaders told the research team that although enterprises are the main body of innovation, in reality, many scientific research resources are still controlled by universities and research institutes. How to give enterprises greater scientific research support and consolidate and deepen the position of enterprises as the main body of innovation is an urgent problem to be solved.
Hubei's exploration can be used as a reference - building a technology innovation supply chain platform, any innovative services urgently needed by enterprises can be "ordered" on the platform, the system will intelligently "match", and universities, research institutes, etc. will respond to "orders" and provide solutions. Chen Jianhua, director of the Achievement Transformation Division of the Hubei Provincial Department of Science and Technology, introduced that under the guidance of the platform, in 2023, the transaction volume of technology contracts in Hubei Province increased by 59.8% over the previous year, and the ranking jumped from 7th to 3rd in the country.
To form an innovative synergy, we need both horizontal innovation alliances and upstream and downstream collaborative industrial chains, and it is crucial for leading enterprises to be chain leaders.
"We should focus on cultivating local chain-leading enterprises, encourage them to cooperate with research institutes and upstream and downstream enterprises, establish innovation platforms, carry out core technology research, and fill the gaps in the industrial chain." Li Zheng, dean of the School of Economics at Liaoning University, suggested: Select 2 to 3 chain-leading enterprises for each key industrial chain and build a "strategic industrial cluster + key industrial chain + multiple chain-leader" system.
Yuntao Hydrogen Energy is such a chain leader. "The core components of hydrogen fuel cells are stuck in the bottleneck, which cannot be solved by fighting alone. We need everyone to work together to tackle the problem." Zhong Leifang, vice president of the company, told the research team that they have joined hands with 16 upstream and downstream new energy companies and well-known scientific research institutes to form the country's first hydrogen fuel cell industry innovation consortium to explore the large-scale promotion and application of hydrogen fuel.
However, the survey found that in many industries, there are not enough such chain-leading enterprises, and even if there are, their ability to integrate innovative resources is not strong. Experts call for precise guidance and targeted support to accelerate the cultivation of chain-leading enterprises with the ability to break through key technologies.
2. How to find the key to development
New quality productivity is not only an innovation at the technological level, but also a comprehensive innovation in thinking, production methods and industrial structure.
(1) From 1 to N, how is “fusion” achieved?
From 0 to 1 is a qualitative change, and from 1 to N is "fusion".
The survey found that an important factor restricting the development of new quality productivity is "transformation" - "inability to transform" due to the unsmooth interaction channels between industry, academia, research and application, "difficult transformation" due to the difficulty in quantifying the value of scientific and technological achievements, and "unwillingness to transform" due to inadequate reform of the empowerment of official scientific and technological achievements.
Many interviewees mentioned the issue of breaking through the “first mile” in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
In March this year, the business incubation category (concept proof-of-concept project) review meeting of Beijing Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute was held at the Zhengzhou Technology Trading Market. This was the first batch of concept proof-of-concept projects in Henan that were unveiled.
"It is a new attempt to conduct in-depth evaluation of innovative projects through concept verification." Zhou Yong, deputy director of Beijing Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute, said that the evaluation opinions and suggestions put forward by experts will become the basic basis for the introduction and cultivation of the first batch of teams in the institute, laying the foundation for the accelerated implementation of the projects.
But Zhou Yong also has concerns. For university researchers, the ownership of scientific research results is a "rope" that binds them. The ownership of job-related scientific research results belongs to the university. If the transformation fails, they may be accused of "loss of state-owned assets." This risk makes many people afraid to take the first step.
"Should the scientific research side go abroad first, or should the industry side come to the door first?" This is a question that Li Zhengyan, a professor at the School of Optoelectronics of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, used to be confused about. What he didn't expect was that someone helped them take the "first step".
Li Zhengyan has been working in the laser field for many years. He and his colleagues have mastered some important technologies and published many papers. However, these papers have never become "products" until they met Optics Valley Laboratory.
"This place helps us bear the risk of transforming our research results," he said.
Optics Valley Laboratory is a new R&D institution established in Hubei Province in recent years. It mainly focuses on cutting-edge scientific and technological issues in the field of optoelectronics, and also pays attention to the basic application of related technologies and the transformation of results. Here, there is a group of scientists and engineers. Li Zhengyan left school and became a dual-appointed professor at Optics Valley Laboratory. He was connected with engineers from Huari Laser. They formed a joint research team to conduct technical verification and transformation in the laboratory.
"When a company sees that a technical route is feasible and even a prototype has been made, it has completely different expectations from when it sees a bunch of papers. Our willingness to pay for it is even more different!" said Fan Mingqi, director of the Huari Laser Ultrafast Fiber Laboratory.
During the project, Li Zhengyan concentrated on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the laboratory. "After the project is over, whether it is successful or not, I can go back to school, and the position will be retained." Li Zhengyan said that only by solving the problems of "cannot transfer", "difficult to transfer" and "don't want to transfer" can the "fusion" brought about by the transformation of scientific and technological achievements be truly realized.
(2) How to make up for congenital deficiencies?
It must be admitted that regional imbalances exist objectively in the development of new productivity. Some regions and industries have strong ability to transform scientific and technological achievements, while others are relatively slow. Over time, the gap widens.
what to do?
Summarizing the suggestions of the interviewed experts, the research team found that in addition to congenital deficiencies, it is even more important to find a way to grasp them.
First, we should focus on introducing resources. We should actively connect with major national strategies, integrate into regional coordinated development, attract external capital and technology transfer; establish cooperative relations with universities and research institutes, and promote industry-university-research cooperation.
For example, Henan Province faces the problem of lack of innovation resources and insufficient talent, which is difficult to solve in a short period of time. What can be done?
We will vigorously introduce first-class universities and scientific research institutions to open research institutes in Zhengzhou, and bring in talents and resources. Niu Yong, director of the Policy Research Office of the Development and Reform Commission of Henan Province, told the research team: "At present, the Zhengzhou research institutes of Harbin Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Beijing Institute of Technology have all been established."
Second, focus on platform construction. Build incubators, science parks, R&D centers and other innovation carriers to provide one-stop services such as physical space, financial support, and legal consultation for innovation and entrepreneurship.
There is such a rare earth functional material innovation center in Baotou, Inner Mongolia. It not only conducts research and development itself, but also provides technical services such as pilot testing and verification for others. It has currently served more than 80 companies, incubated 16 high-tech companies, and developed 30 common key technologies.
"This is a platform for co-construction and sharing." Liu Jinrong, director of the center's R&D department, introduced that on the one hand, it relies on technology to incubate and establish high-tech enterprises and provide facilities to support scientific research hardware; on the other hand, it is guided by market demand to continuously develop new technologies and new products, driven by both economic benefits and technological innovation.
Third, focus on policy support. Formulate preferential policies such as tax reduction and exemption, financial subsidies, etc.; improve infrastructure such as information networks, transportation and logistics, and optimize the business environment.
For example, digital technology is developing rapidly, and if we are not careful we will fall behind. What should Guizhou do since it has accumulated certain development advantages?
"Guizhou's finances are not abundant, so we have to spend money where it is needed most." Liu Mei said that in order to maintain its advantage, Guizhou has introduced a package of computing power voucher policies that incentivize both computing power and data, help companies reduce the cost of using computing power, and support open application scenarios in various industries.
"Many out-of-town companies are applying for the licenses while actively connecting with us for business. According to feedback from the companies, we are currently negotiating several large orders," she said happily.
(3) How can “old” industries be revitalized?
The transformation and upgrading of traditional industries is an integral part of developing new quality productive forces, but many places are still confused about the advance and retreat of "breaking and establishing" and "taking and giving up."
"Without the old, how can there be new?!" Huang Yanghua, a professor at the School of Applied Economics of Renmin University of China, pointed out, "Many new tracks are extended from the old tracks. Transforming and upgrading traditional industries is also an important way to develop new quality productivity. It is necessary to strengthen the layout of industrial echelons."
The survey found that Hefei's industrial development path is a good example. Starting with the home appliance industry, this city, which once had a weak industrial foundation, has now become a major hub for emerging industries such as new display and integrated circuits.
"Without 'Hefei home appliances', there would be no 'Hefei chip screen'! Emerging industries are also upgraded from traditional industries." Cheng Yu, deputy director of the Hefei Development and Reform Commission, said that after entering the home appliance industry, Hefei found that color TVs and other home appliances had a huge demand for display screens, so it upgraded the industry, kept up with technological iterations, and laid out new display technologies. "After expanding the display industry, it was discovered that most of the money was earned by the chips behind the display, so we decided to make chips to complete the industrial chain."
Looking for new directions from "old" industries is also being explored in the Gobi Desert on the banks of the Yellow River. For them, what needs to be discarded is the "old technology".
"We will never abandon the traditional energy industry, but transform it into the forefront of developing new quality productivity," said Jin Zhengwei, deputy director of the Management Committee of Ningdong Energy and Chemical Base in Ningxia, in a firm tone.
Ningdong Energy and Chemical Industry Base is an important large-scale coal production base and a thermal power base for "West-to-East Power Transmission" in China. Now, they have started their "second venture".
What kind of business do they want to start? The traditional coal industry is both “black” and “rough”, with relatively low added value. They want to find “white” from “black” and “fine” from “rough”, develop new technologies and high-end products such as coal-to-oil, fine chemicals, and high-performance fibers, and “squeeze out” coal.
Traditional industries are the foundation of the national economy and have great potential for developing new quality productivity. As the research deepens, we deeply feel that traditional industries can be transformed and upgraded into new quality productivity through high-end, intelligent and green development.
Requesting new quality productivity from reform
"To develop new quality productive forces, we must further comprehensively deepen reform and form new production relations that are compatible with them." General Secretary Xi Jinping's important remarks are thought-provoking and powerful.
The just concluded Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee has sounded the clarion call for further deepening reform in an all-round way, providing a strong impetus for accelerating the formation of production relations that are more compatible with the new productive forces and promoting the gathering of various advanced production factors towards the development of new productive forces.
Yes, from a single tree to a forest, if new quality productivity is to take shape, further deepening reform in an all-round way is the key move.
1. Science and technology system reform adds vitality
During the survey, many scientific and technological personnel lamented that although my country's overall scientific and technological competitiveness has improved, there is still a clear gap with developed countries in some areas. It is necessary to further give play to the institutional advantages of concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks and allow more innovative results to emerge.
●Reducing burden, loosening restrictions, and empowering
Many interviewees appealed to the research team that scientific and technological personnel must not be allowed to fall into the blind pursuit of "hats", "brands" and "notebooks"!
Chen Qingquan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, pointed out that at present, the phenomena of cumbersome conclusion of scientific research results, many human factors in the evaluation mechanism, and emphasis on quantity rather than quality still exist.
"Don't let scientific and technological personnel be troubled by some irrelevant scientific research evaluation systems," he called.
Zhou Zhonghe, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, suggested reforming the income structure of scientific and technological workers and adjusting their basic security and performance ratio so that they, especially young people, can devote themselves to scientific exploration.
"More places should open up the 'revolving door' for the two-way flow of scientific and technological personnel between academia and industry, so that outstanding scientific and technological personnel can not only take the podiums of universities and research institutes, but also enter the front lines of R&D and production in enterprises." Zhao Ling, professor at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, suggested.
●Stable support, less interference
Adequate financial support is essential for scientific and technological innovation.
"We are already an innovative country. We must now have higher standards for investment in science and technology and benchmark against developed countries!" Luo Xiangang called.
How to benchmark? He suggested that we should effectively increase investment in science and technology, especially the investment in basic research, and increase long-term and stable support for basic and interdisciplinary disciplines.
Huang Qunhui, director of the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, further proposed that a fiscal science and technology investment guarantee mechanism should be established that combines points and surfaces and concentrates resources to accomplish major tasks, focusing on the leverage effect of fiscal funds and guiding financial support for scientific and technological innovation.
"There are too many competitive scientific research funding projects, too little stable funding, and too much pressure on scientific and technological personnel!" Hu Wen pointed out that young scientific and technological personnel are worried about running for funding and competing for projects. She suggested reducing the proportion of competitive funding, extending the stable funding cycle, and reducing administrative intervention and the frequency of assessments.
● Collaboration, sharing and optimization
Organized scientific research can give full play to the advantages of the new national system and is an urgent need for opening up new fields and new tracks.
"This requires us to change our mindset." Qi Jifeng, a professor at the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, suggested to the research team that we should break the "small workshop mentality", shift to the paradigm of big science research, and strengthen demand-oriented awareness. We should give full play to the advantages of the institutionalized scientific research organization model and improve the level of resource sharing. "For example, by establishing research group groups and laboratory groups, we can organize research institutions and concentrate our strengths to carry out cross-field and cross-disciplinary collaborative research."
"The efficiency of allocation of existing scientific and technological resources needs to be improved." Ding Minglei, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development Strategy, suggested further optimizing the positioning and layout of national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading science and technology companies to better play their innovation capabilities.
2. Strong momentum for industrial upgrading and transition
Traditional industries are “big but not strong” and “comprehensive but not refined”, emerging industries have weak foundations, and future industries “will regress if they do not advance, and will also regress if they advance too slowly”. What should we do?
●The experimental line is connected to the production line
How well the scientific and technological achievements are transformed has a far-reaching impact on the entire industry and is crucial to the upgrading of the industry.
He Haitao, deputy director of the Suzhou Industrial Park Industrial Innovation Center, told the research team that universities and research institutes should strengthen their collaboration with the industry. "When tackling core technologies through innovation alliances, universities are not enthusiastic enough to participate, but companies have strong demand. Universities should reflect on how to better integrate into the industry and produce more technologies that meet industry needs from the source."
The direction further suggests vigorously developing common technology platforms and pilot verification platforms so that laboratory results can enter corporate production lines as early as possible.
"Nowadays, we don't lack good technology, but we lack good technology managers." Yin Hongjun, director of the Foshan Industrial Technology Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Sciences, said that they understand technology and the market and are good at transforming scientific and technological achievements. "But many people have a misunderstanding that they are just 'intermediaries' and seriously underestimate the importance of this type of talent."
Yin Hongjun pointed out that technical managers play the dual roles of "scientist + entrepreneur". For example, in Foshan Industrial Technology Research Institute, technical managers also need to design the company's equity structure, governance structure, product structure, etc. for the entrepreneurial team, which is not something that ordinary people can do. "This type of talent must be cultivated more."
●High-end, intelligent and green
Only by deepening reform can traditional industries unleash the new productivity they contain.
Ding Minglei suggested that traditional manufacturing industries should be encouraged to adopt new processes and technologies, strengthen product innovation, improve core competitiveness, promote the high-end development of traditional manufacturing industries, and accelerate the move towards the high end of the value chain.
"Promote the deep integration of the digital economy and traditional industries, and give traditional industries digital wings for transformation and upgrading." Yuan Hongying, president of the Shandong Academy of Social Sciences, suggested that based on the characteristics of different industries and differentiated needs, we should promote the all-round and full-chain digital transformation of traditional industries, accelerate the integration of information technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, and improve total factor productivity.
"Green technology is also very important." Gong Xiaofeng suggested enriching the policy toolbox to support low-carbon development and improving the green manufacturing and service system.
● Policy protection and long-term perspective
The development of emerging industries and future industries are all based on major technological breakthroughs.
Li Bo, deputy director of the Shaanxi Institute of Bio-Agriculture, suggested that efforts should be made to focus on key core components and basic industry technologies to lay a solid foundation for emerging and future industries.
"Emerging industries and future industries are often in the exploratory stage and lack mature model references, so policy support is very important." Shang Bin, deputy director of the Reform and Development Bureau of Xiongan New Area, Hebei Province, suggested building a policy supply system, further improving the top-level design of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development, and the industrial policy system, and accelerating the formulation of support policies that meet the needs of industrial development.
"In the process of policy making, we should take a long-term view and not rush for quick results. In particular, we should pay close attention to the pain points and difficulties in future industrial development, implement targeted policies and reduce obstacles," suggested Wei Chenglong, professor at the School of Government at Beijing Normal University.
3. Agglomeration of advanced production factors
The development of new quality productivity depends on improving the quality and allocation efficiency of various production factors such as management, capital, and labor.
● The “visible hand” of the government
During the survey, many respondents called for the government's "visible hand" to be flexible and restrained.
Cheng Yu shared a story with the research team: At that time, quantum technology was in its infancy, and Academician Pan Jianwei hoped to promote the transformation of research results. People in government departments knew nothing about quantum at first, but after several consultations, they realized the subversive significance of quantum information to the industry and immediately locked on to the source technology, which led to the current Hefei quantum industry.
"Therefore, in the process of developing new quality productive forces, government management and services are very important. We must be able to 'talk about industries with great knowledge and talk about technologies like the back of our hands.'" Cheng Yu believes that the government must have the "matching ability" to match technology and markets, match large enterprises and small enterprises, and match investors, banks and enterprises.
"Investment is not allowed beyond Shanhaiguan", people used to complain a lot about the business environment in Northeast China. "In recent years, we have carried out the reform of 'no need to rely on connections to get things done', which is to give people a 'reassurance pill' of fairness and justice. We have also issued a special guide, approved 84,000 items that can be handled without missing items, and drawn 32,000 service route maps to make it easier for everyone to get things done!" A relevant person in charge of the Liaoning Provincial Business Environment Construction Bureau told the research team.
"No matter how good the policy support is, it needs to maintain continuity." This is also what companies repeatedly emphasized during the survey.
Huang Weiting, deputy director of the Decision Consulting Department of the Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research, believes that only by enhancing stable expectations for corporate innovation and improving innovation financing mechanisms and risk-sharing mechanisms can companies reduce their worries, be willing to invest and dare to innovate.
As for the phenomenon of "accelerator" and "brake" coexisting in some policies, Zhou Hao, director of the Achievement Transformation Division of the Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology, suggested strengthening the coordination between policies of different departments and fields to ensure the maximum benefits of policies through consistency and stability.
● Invest early, invest in small companies, invest for the long term, and invest in hard technology
The survey found that there are many difficulties in providing financial support to science and technology enterprises. The most prominent one is that banks determine loan amounts based on the value of collateral. Science and technology enterprises generally focus on research and development and light on assets. Many of their initial operating conditions are not "good", but they do need funds. What should be done?
The most valuable collateral for science and technology enterprises is technology. The Shanghai Branch of China Construction Bank only looks at "technology flow" and not "capital flow". Hubei Province quantitatively scores enterprises' innovation capabilities and development prospects, so that financial institutions can have a "number" in mind and dare to lend. This exploration is worth thinking about and learning from in more places.
Enterprises hope to drive more capital to become long-term capital and patient capital, and truly establish the trend of "investing early, investing in small companies, investing in the long term, and investing in hard technology."
"The more inclusive a place is, the faster it can develop new quality productivity." Li Bo believes that the government should have a pattern of sharing risks and implement inclusive and prudent supervision, such as setting an industry "observation period" and a policy "transition period."
"Let's share the risks first, then share the benefits," he called.
Huang Yanghua further suggested establishing and improving a linkage mechanism among government science and technology research and development funds, industrial guidance funds and market-oriented investment funds, and promoting various types of government industrial investment funds to support future industries in a certain proportion. "It is also possible to encourage long-term funds such as insurance funds to increase investment in future industries."
●Strengthen skills and fill gaps
To develop new quality productivity, we need not only scientific and technological talents, but also industrial talents!
"Industrial upgrading calls for skilled talents in applied industries." Wang Zhenhong, secretary of the Party Committee of Jinhua Vocational and Technical University, told the research team that more skilled and applied industrial talents with multi-dimensional knowledge structures and proficiency in intelligent tools should be cultivated, and the results of scientific and technological innovation should be applied to specific industries and industrial chains in a timely manner.
Ju Fengming, general manager of Harbin Steam Turbine Plant Co., Ltd., told the research team that at present, there is a large gap in talent in the manufacturing industry, especially in the shortage of highly skilled talent, and there is a "generational gap" in industrial skilled talent.
"The lagging of education layout behind industry development is an important reason why the supply of skilled talents in emerging industries is 'stretched'." He called for enhancing the pertinence and effectiveness of vocational skills education and training.
Wang Zhenhong suggested: "We should improve the evaluation mechanism for skilled personnel with professional qualification evaluation, professional skill level certification and special professional ability assessment as the main contents, and implement incentive policies such as technology equity investment and level salary negotiation."
Whether it is expectations or calls, they will be responded to in the reform.
Solve problems through reform and gather energy through innovation, and the infinite power unleashed by new quality productivity will surely form a vigorous trend of high-quality development.
Conclusion
Start from the "new" and strive for progress towards the "new".
During these more than 100 days and nights, the research team listened to the heartbeat of new quality productivity in the laboratory, felt the pulse of new quality productivity beside the production line, and felt the vigorous steps of new quality productivity among the fields... In the land of China, countless upward forces are surging.
Developing new quality productivity is a concerted action of the whole society. We deeply feel that it is not a slogan, not a political achievement project, and not a piece of fancy clothes for self-dressing. It is to solve the problem of high-quality development on this land, the problem of solid steps towards modernization, and the fundamental driving force for the continuous progress of society.
What it needs is "new", "quality" and even more "reality" - adapting to local conditions, being down-to-earth, working hard, being willing to work and daring to work!
It is a development proposition, and even more so a reform proposition. You see, the east wind of reform is getting stronger and stronger. Why shouldn't we speed up?
Run, let's speed up! (Research team members: reporters Wang Huimin, Bo Jieping, Feng Jie, Chen Haibo, Cui Xingyi, Ma Shanshan, Zhang Yan, Yang Shu, Chen Huijuan, Chen Chen, Chen Heng, Liu Kun, Chang He, Su Yan, Yan Weiqi, Wang Jianhong, Wu Chunyan, Yan Shenghe, Lü Shen, Wu Lin, Zhang Shiying, Liu Yong, Wang Shengxi, Liu Yanjie, Gao Ping, Yan Lei)
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