(Pix © Larry Catá Backer 2019)
This post is the third of a series of four(4) posts in which the CPE WGE examine the question of paths to empire performed through the choices being made by the U.S. and Chinese leadership cores [领导核心] within the theater of the U.S.-China bilateral trade negations.
Part 1 focused on the meaning embedded in the text itself on a paragraph by paragraph basis, suggesting macro and micro strategies, challenges and opportunities in the emerging Chinese positions on global trade and its role in such systems. To that end it critically examined China's State Council [国务院] White Paper, entitled China's Position on the China-US Economic and Trade Consultations ; <关于中美经贸磋商的中方立场>; 原中国语言版本. The White Paper was distributed by the State Council Information Office on Sunday 2 June. Part 2 drew broader insights that suggest the contours and trajectories of China's geo-political strategies in general, and their application to its management of the relationship with the United States more specifically.
This Part 3 includes the official response of the U.S. Trade Representative was short and dismissive. It relied substantially on the United States issued a 200-page report in March 2018 (Findings of the Investigation into China's Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation Under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 (22 March 2018) documenting how China had engaged in a pattern of repeated commitments that were then ignored. It was posted on the Trade Representative's web site and follows below, with brief comments interlineated in red after an introduction. In a sense, then, the U.S. took the position that the Chinese State Council White Paper was the response to its March 22, 2018 Findings of the Investigation into China's Acts, Policies, and Practices. The Chinese-Russian counter-thrust, in the form of the Development of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation Joint Statement of the New Era Comprehensive Strategic Collaboration Partnership [中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦关于发展 新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系的联合声明] is also reproduced below.
The CPE WGE has suggested that the White Paper, along with Chinese positions on its Belt and Road Initiative, suggested the outlines of an all around strategy first to marginalize, then to encircle, and then to make less relevant, the United States, at least as driving force for global trade and production (CPE Working Group on Empire: U.S.-China Trade Talks, Encircling the United States). While the object was not to "defeat" the U.S., a relationship is still quite useful, a great strategic role was to help China achieve a measure of independence from the ideologies and initiatives of other states and at last, in the "new era" to finally undo the period of "unequal treaties" whose spectre continues to haunt Chinese leadership and to frame the way they approach their strategic calculations. To that end, Chinese leaders have advanced multiple strategic initiatives to ensure Chinese preeminence at least within the boundaries of its global production--some ideological, some quite practical, and many fundamentally systemic.
A consequence of these strategies appeared to be a choice to undo initiatives that had their origins in the "Reform and Opening Up Era" that sought to more tightly integrate the U.S. and Chinese economies. This was the sort of "win-win" strategy that leaders in both China and the U.S. embraced with some force after the end of the 1980s and was founded on a fundamental premise that the principle objective was to develop the naiton's productive forces (an objective easy to translate into Western market ideology terms). That redirection of the Chinese-U.S. economic engagement now required recasting to make it more compatible with Chinese "New Era" ideology and its contemporary fundamental political contradiction (the distribution of wealth) which had as a consequence the object of putting the Party First, and of greater direction in the development of productive forces (the holdover from the prior political era). This realignment, of course, took place just as the United States also entered its ·New Era" under the leadership of Donald Trump, a new era that appeared to have some surprising resonances with new era movements in China. This was particularly so with respect to the role of the state in fostering a goal of national development that required a strong re-evaluation of economic and political arrangements that now appeared one sided (the America First project). America First, like Chinese foreign initiatives was now to be based on a "win-win" strategy rather than a leadership strategy (that marked the earlier period) in which U.S. leadership required it to undertake a more fiduciary role for the construction of global economic orders in which it might be strategically but not formally "first."
The practical consequence of the undoing strategies, for which there was some appetite on both sides, would require decoupling economic interrelationships. And as our prior essays suggested, this appeared to be the effect of the strategic moves around the trade talks. On the U.S. side, market based strategies pushed tariff initiatives to create decoupling strategies among private enterprises. On the Chinese side, taking a relaxed view about trade talks while using the time to strengthen BRI, Yuan internationalization, infrastructure aid projects through the AIIB, and sovereign investing through Chinese sovereign wealth funds, appeared to have the same strategic goals. It is also apparent in the Chinese-Russian strategies (pursued by each for their own ends, but ends that converge for the moment) and memorialized in the Development of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation: Joint Statement of the New Era Comprehensive Strategic Collaboration Partnership, signed in Moscow on exactly the day that the Americans and their allies celebrated the great battle that made possible eventually the construction of the post 1945 global order. The Joint Statement is reproduced in English and Chinese below. That statement served many purposes. Most relevant here is its use to reiterate the emerging Chinese global "Basic Line" now expressed in a more complete form, and its exposition in a pro-active rather than a reactive (White Paper) form.
And yet, one ought not to think that the de-coupling is meant to be complete. rather, the idea appears to be to create a larger area of "breathing space" within which China can develop its own sphere of global production, the United States can be left to what it can retain, and that there would be a sharing of the rest. Even as President Xi was celebrating the Sino-Russian Joint Statement, he was careful to suggest that China was seeking a comprehensive decoupling of the U.S. and Chinese economies--at this time (China, US too intertwined to ‘break up’ despite trade war, Xi Jinping says in Russia). The statements, widely quoted, were also tinged with irony, a large dollop of poking fun, and a bit of reaction:
When asked if he thought China’s relationship with the US should be adjusted as globalisation has come under pressure, Xi said: “More than 10,000 people fly between China and the US on a daily basis, which is about 4 million [people] a year.” “I can hardly imagine a complete decoupling between China and the US. This is not the case that I would like to see, and I don’t think our American friends want to see it, and my friend [Donald] Trump wouldn’t want to see it either.” It was the first time Xi had openly referred to the US president as a “friend”, while Trump has used the word repeatedly about the Chinese leader as evidence of his success in dealing with Beijing, despite the ongoing trade war. . . . “I want to be a constructor, not a destroyer, and we should respect the things that already exist and do our best to improve them, instead of tearing them down,” he said. “I don’t want to be a wall builder or a ditch digger, and all I have been doing is to expand my circle of friends.” (China, US too intertwined to ‘break up’ despite trade war, Xi Jinping says in Russia).
Still, there are all sorts of levels of dis-engagement short of complete decoupling. And both the Sin-Russian Joint Statement and the U.S. Trade Representative response to the Chinese State Council White Paper suggests. The Trade Representative focused on unfairness and sought to make a U.S. style case against Chinese activities that justified the self help remedial measures that the U.S. will continue to take. Where the State Council White Paper emphasized ideology and principles, the Trade Representative assumed a counter ideology against which Chinese activity was measured and found wanting. But that measurement was not taken in the Trade Representative's response. Rather it was made in the 2018 Findings of the Investigation into China's Acts, Policies, and Practices on the basis of which the United States had been focusing its trade strategies. But here, again, the two states speak past each other. The United States want a precise administrative ordering of relations grounded in conduct norms against which remedies may be asserted. Its approach is grounded in the ideologies and discursive styles of the common law and the judge. The Chinese want a U.S. version of its Sino-Russian Joint Statement--principles based, diffuse and ambiguous enough to permit more opaque resolution of specific disputes out of the limelight of the global press. It's discursive style is grounded on the management of administrative discretion within fluid relaxations in which specific and real time solutions can be negotiated to mutual advantage--as long as the relationship itself remains mutually advantageous.
Taken together one can begin to see the contours of new era global orders in imperial form. This new era imperial project is precisely what distinguishes globalization post 2016 from that which global leaders worked so hard to build on the principles of the post 1945 world order. It is imperial in the sense of its organization--not de-centered as was the anti-imperial post 1945 model (at least in theory which was embedded in the organizing principles of the United Nations system)--but rather centered on an organizing apex point from out of which roads, spikes, and other arrangements are routed. This new era imperialism is possible only because of the long detoxification of imperial organization made possible by the post 1945 order, which stripped the organizational premises of empire of its European territorial and racist overlay acquired from the 15th century and the colonization of the Western Hemisphere.
Taken together one can begin to see the contours of new era global orders in imperial form. This new era imperial project is precisely what distinguishes globalization post 2016 from that which global leaders worked so hard to build on the principles of the post 1945 world order. It is imperial in the sense of its organization--not de-centered as was the anti-imperial post 1945 model (at least in theory which was embedded in the organizing principles of the United Nations system)--but rather centered on an organizing apex point from out of which roads, spikes, and other arrangements are routed. This new era imperialism is possible only because of the long detoxification of imperial organization made possible by the post 1945 order, which stripped the organizational premises of empire of its European territorial and racist overlay acquired from the 15th century and the colonization of the Western Hemisphere.
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U.S. Trade Representative and the U.S. Department of Treasury respond to the “White Paper” issued by China on June 2, 2019
06/03/2019
The United States is disappointed that the Chinese have chosen in the “White Paper” issued yesterday and recent public statements to pursue a blame game misrepresenting the nature and history of trade negotiations between the two countries. To understand where the parties are and where they can go, it is necessary to understand the history that has led to the current impasse.
The opening paragraph is both direct and ironic. The irony arises because the American justification for its position was itself the product of an elaborate construction of blame that then served to structure talks from 2018 on. But for the Americans there is a huge difference between constructing a case of breaches of agreements, rules and norms, on the one hand, and post facto justifications for negotiating positions which is effectively how the U.S. reduces the State Council White Paper. The clash of a quasi-investigatory style of the Americans versus a historical narrative style of the Chinese already becomes central to the construction of arguments.
President Trump is committed to taking action to address the unfair trade practices that China has engaged in for decades, which have contributed to persistent and unsustainable trade deficits, almost $420 billion last year, and have caused severe harm to American workers, farmers, ranchers, and businesses. In August 2017, at the President’s instruction, the United States Trade Representative conducted an investigation of China’s practices relating to intellectual property rights, innovation, and technology development. After receiving and considering extensive hearing testimony and other evidence over an investigation that lasted seven months, the United States issued a 200-page report in March 2018 documenting how China had engaged in unfair trade practices, including forced technology transfer, failed to protect American intellectual property rights, and conducted and supported cyber theft from American companies, robbing them of sensitive commercial information and trade secrets. These unfair trade practices and other actions by China have cost the United States and its businesses hundreds of billions of dollars every year.
The Americans here strongly embrace a rhetorical and ideological style that has marked American thinking and that frames fundamental approaches to the taking of important political decisions ever since the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 (considered e.g., Happy Birthday: A Reverie on the Road from the American to the Kosovo Declaration of Independence). U.S. officials have long adhered to this quasi-juridical style, one that is contingent on the ability to "build a case" to which a specific remedial position can be taken, in the political and economic spheres. That case building in turn assumes the ideological (principles or rule of law) foundations which can be applied to the "facts" developed to reach a "conclusion" from which a remedial objective can be framed. Americans remain substantially blind to the strength of this discursive ideological style, as powerful as the style has proven especially after 1945. That is the case here. The Trade Representative responds to the State Council White Paper with a loud sigh--and refers his Chinese "friends" to the March 2018 Report, a response to which would have been the only matter that would have counted with the Americans. Thus, while the Chinese argue the imperatives of history, the Americans view this in the form of a quasi-common law proceeding in which the law (negotiations over which are central to the Chinese side) are taken as given and not subject to challenge.
Based on these findings, the President directed his Administration to take effective action to address China’s harmful and distortive actions under both U.S. law and any applicable international agreements. The President directed USTR to challenge China’s unfair trade practices at the World Trade Organization but also to impose tariffs on China to offset the damage to U.S. industry caused by China’s conduct. In response, rather than working constructively to address our concerns, China doubled down and retaliated by imposing unjustified tariffs on American exports, and the United States responded with additional tariffs.
The application of the American ideological approach follows naturally from the Report. And the Trade Representative tells us, the Chinese side has failed to produce facts that contradict or weaken the American effort to make a case for unfairness in Chinese practices. As a consequence, remedial measures could legitimately be taken--in this case the tariffs. Taken within the quasi judicial model, the move from fact finding, to application of law to facts, to final determination and then to remedy seems logical and seamless.
After Presidents Trump and Xi agreed to launch the current negotiations in Buenos Aires in December 2018, President Trump postponed for 90 days the increase in tariffs on Chinese imports that was scheduled to go into effect on January 1, 2019. The President extended the deadline again in March because the parties appeared to be making progress in their talks. Following months of hard work and candid and constructive discussions, the parties had reached agreement on a number of important matters. In wrapping up the final important issues, however, the Chinese moved away from previously agreed-upon provisions. In response to this Chinese backtracking, the United States moved forward with the previously-announced rate increase on Chinese imports and announced tariffs on additional Chinese imports.
Here the Trade Representative makes the case for unilateral measures. The basis is a sort of breach of promise claim. Again the rhetoric of law and of the judicial model drive the analysis. There is a twist here--one moves from the fact finding of the March 2018 Report, to the discursive tropes of bad faith contract negotiation.
It is important to note that the impetus for the discussions was China’s long history of unfair trade practices. Our negotiating positions have been consistent throughout these talks, and China back-pedaled on important elements of what the parties had agreed to. One such position was the need for enforceability, a position necessitated by China’s history of making commitments that it fails to keep. But our insistence on detailed and enforceable commitments from the Chinese in no way constitutes a threat to Chinese sovereignty. Rather, the issues discussed are common to trade agreements and are necessary to address the systemic issues that have contributed to persistent and unsustainable trade deficits.
And, as is usual in American legal discourse, the Trade Representative ends with an appeal to equity. The American position is taken as of right--the Chinese side cannot appeal to fairness because they have acted in bad faith, and have unclean hands. Given that the Chancellor of equity courts of public opinion ought to side with the Americans. But here one ought to ask--to whom is the response directed. It makes a strong case for domestic (U.S.) consumption--as did the State Council White Paper--but it is not clear that its discursive (and persuasive) power can migrate across political cultures and ideological divides.
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Development of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation
Joint Statement of the New Era Comprehensive Strategic Collaboration Partnership
June 06, 2019 09:58 Source: People's Daily Online - People's Daily
At the invitation of President Putin of the Russian Federation, President Xi Jinping paid a state visit to Russia from June 5 to 7, 2019 and attended the 23rd St. Petersburg International Economic Forum. The two heads of state held talks in Moscow. President Xi Jinping met with the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, De A. Medvedev.
The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as "the two parties") declare the following:
One
The 2019 anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries was celebrated by both China and Russia. Over the past 70 years, relations between the two countries have gone through an extraordinary process. The two sides draw on historical experience, base themselves on the interests of the two countries and the two peoples, commit themselves to achieving peaceful development, win-win cooperation, push China-Russia relations to the best level in history, and establish a model of good-neighborliness, cooperation and mutual benefit. Sino-Russian relations are firm and stable, and are not affected by external environmental disturbances. They have enormous endogenous power and broad development prospects.
The two sides believe that the main features of current Sino-Russian relations are:
- a high degree of political mutual trust;
- complete high-level exchanges and cooperation mechanisms in various fields;
- rich and strategic practical cooperation;
- a solid generation of friendly and public opinion;
- Close and effective international coordination.
The two sides have established the following basic principles guiding the relationship between the two countries:
- mutual respect, equal trust;
- Help each other, good neighborliness and friendship;
- mutual support, strategic collaboration;
—— Mutual understanding and mutual benefit, cooperation and win-win;
- Non-aligned, non-confrontation, not targeting third parties.
The two sides will continue to adhere to the above principles and continue to uphold the spirit of the 2001 Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendship between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation and the spirit of other bilateral relations documents to guide the long-term development of bilateral relations.
Two
Sino-Russian relations have entered a new era and ushered in new opportunities for greater development. Focusing on changes in the world situation, conforming to the common aspirations of the two peoples and achieving greater development of bilateral relations under the new situation, the two sides announced that they will work to develop a comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership between China and Russia in the new era. Its connotation includes the following goals and directions:
-- Watching each other, giving each other more firm and strong strategic support, supporting each other to follow their own development path and safeguard their core interests, and safeguarding their respective security, sovereignty and territorial integrity. To this end, the two sides will further develop mutual trust and cooperation in related fields.
——In-depth integration, close coordination and strategic cooperation on national development strategy docking, expand mutually beneficial cooperation in economy, trade and investment, the people's hearts are more friendly, and the culture is more harmonious;
-- Pioneering and innovating, continuously enriching and perfecting the cooperation concepts and mechanisms of the two sides, opening up new fields, projects and technologies, and further tapping the potential and development momentum of bilateral relations;
-- Praise and win-win, further unite other countries with unanimous views, safeguard the international order and international system centered on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and promote the building of new international relations of mutual respect, fairness, justice, cooperation and win-win, and promote the construction. The community of human destiny, based on the equal participation of all countries in global governance, following international law, guaranteeing equality and indivisible security, mutual respect and consideration of mutual interests, abandoning confrontation and conflict, upholding the principles of multilateralism and solving international and regional issues at the international level In the affairs of the government, we will promote the formation of a more just and reasonable multi-polar world, benefit the people of the world, and achieve win-win cooperation.
three
The Russian side supports the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, and China supports the promotion of the integration process within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. The two sides have strengthened coordination actions in promoting the construction of the “Belt and Road” and the European-European Economic Union.
China supports the establishment of the Greater Europe and Asia Partnership Initiative. The two sides believe that the "One Belt, One Road" initiative and the Greater Europe and Asia partnership can go hand in hand, coordinate development, and jointly promote the process of regional organizations and dual multilateral integration for the benefit of the Eurasian people.
Four
The two sides agreed to regard political cooperation, security cooperation, pragmatic cooperation, humanities exchanges and international cooperation as the key areas of China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership. In order to achieve the above objectives, the two sides will jointly plan the principles, directions and specific measures for cooperation in various fields to further enrich the content of China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership.
Political cooperation
Sino-Russian relations will continue to be based on solid political trust and play a leading role in the strategy of the two heads of state. The two sides will focus on the following aspects:
(1) Maintaining close contacts between the two heads of state through annual exchange of visits, holding bilateral meetings on important multilateral occasions, hotline of heads of state, and mutual exchange of letters, and conducting top-level design and strategic guidance for the development of bilateral relations.
(2) Give full play to the coordination and promotion of the regular meeting mechanism between the Chinese and Russian prime ministers, and maintain the efficient operation of the Intergovernmental Cooperation Committee in the fields of economy, trade, investment, energy, humanities and localities.
(3) Maintain the momentum of high-level exchanges between the legislative bodies of the two countries, and make good use of the inter-parliament exchange mechanism and the dialogue platform of friendly groups to carry out multi-level, wide-area and all-round exchanges.
(4) Supporting the unique channels of the CPC Central Office and the Office of the President of the Russian Federation as bilateral exchanges, and playing a greater role in safeguarding the exchanges between the two heads of state and promoting the implementation of the consensus of the two heads of state. Strengthen the comprehensive cooperation between the two offices and relevant departments.
(5) Supporting the Communist Party of China to maintain institutionalized friendly exchanges with major Russian political parties, and strive to establish a new type of political party relationship that seeks common ground while reserving differences, mutual respect, mutual learning and mutual learning.
Security cooperation
The goal of Sino-Russian security cooperation is to ensure the national security of the two countries, create favorable conditions for the stable development of their respective countries, and effectively respond to various traditional and new security threats and challenges.
Both parties will take the following measures:
(1) Give full play to the role of the strategic security consultation mechanism, consolidate trust in the national security field, and never allow any force to use its territory to engage in activities against each other; maintain close communication and coordination between the two sides on major national security issues; continue to develop the road Dialogue with the concept, the experience of governing the country, and the building of the ability to govern.
(2) Continue to strengthen the strategic communication between the two defense departments and the military, deepen military mutual trust, strengthen cooperation in the field of military technology, carry out joint military exercises, improve pragmatic cooperation mechanisms at all levels and promote the relationship between the two militaries to a new level.
(3) Improve Sino-Russian law enforcement security cooperation mechanism, coordinate and comprehensively promote cooperation in various fields of law enforcement and security in the two countries.
(4) Supporting each other's efforts in combating terrorism and extremism, strengthening cooperation in combating the spread and promotion of terrorism, extremist ideas and personnel recruitment, cutting off terrorist organizations' materials, funds, etc., and eliminating incitement to terrorist acts, Detecting various terrorist activities that threaten the national security of both countries. Strengthen policy coordination and constructive cooperation in the multilateral counter-terrorism field, promote the international community to establish a global anti-terrorism united front centered on the UN, oppose "double standards" in combating terrorism and extremism, condemn the use of terror and extremist organizations, and crack down on International terrorism and extremism achieve geopolitical objectives and interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.
(5) Strengthen coordination of positions in the field of drug control, exchange of experience and pragmatic cooperation, consolidate bilateral anti-drug cooperation mechanisms, and deepen exchanges and cooperation in the areas of drug demand reduction and supply reduction, and joint law enforcement. We will firmly safeguard the existing international anti-drug system based on the UN's three major anti-drug conventions, promote the pragmatic cooperation and sustainable development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization's anti-drug cooperation, and promote anti-drug cooperation among BRICS countries.
(6) Expanding exchanges in the field of cyber security. Further measures are taken to maintain the security and stability of the critical information infrastructure of both parties. Strengthen exchanges in the field of cyberspace legislation and jointly promote the principles of Internet governance in accordance with international law and domestic regulations. Opposing national security as an excuse to unnecessarily restrict market access for ICT products and unnecessarily restrict the export of high-tech products. Maintain cyberspace peace and security on the basis of equal participation of all countries, and promote the construction of a global information network space governance order. Work continues to further develop the Code of Conduct for Responsible Cyberspace States within the UN framework and promote the development of legally binding legal documents to combat the use of ICTs for criminal purposes.
(7) Carry out border cooperation and cooperation between border defense departments, and further strengthen the pragmatic cooperation between the border authorities of the two countries on the basis of uninterrupted situation monitoring, information exchange and the practice of pragmatic joint operations in the border areas, and jointly fight against transnational crimes and illegalities. Immigration to ensure the stability of the national border. At the same time, they respect the principles of international law inviolable by the territories and borders and respect each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.Practical cooperation
The goal of Sino-Russian pragmatic cooperation is to lay a solid material foundation for bilateral relations. The two sides will broaden their thinking and innovative models, promote the comprehensive improvement of pragmatic cooperation between the two countries, and achieve deep integration of interests and mutual benefit.
The two sides agreed to implement the following tasks:
(1) Implementing the Memorandum on Promoting the High-quality Development of Bilateral Trade between the two sides, continuously improving the scale of bilateral trade and optimizing the trade structure. Deepen cooperation in e-commerce and service trade, expand investment and economic and technological cooperation, promote the implementation of strategic large-scale projects, improve the level of trade and investment facilitation, and create favorable conditions for bilateral economic and trade cooperation. The two sides support small and medium-sized enterprises to expand cooperation and inject new impetus into bilateral economic and trade cooperation.
(2) Continue to deepen all-round integrated energy cooperation in the upper, middle and lower reaches, and promote exchanges and cooperation between the two sides in energy-saving technologies, standards, talents and information. Support the launching ceremony of gas production and gas supply for the Sino-Russian East Line natural gas pipeline project during the year. Support the Sino-Russian Energy Business Forum to become a mechanismal activity.
Implement the package of cooperation projects in the nuclear field reached on June 8, 2018. Based on the principle of mutual benefit and win-win, on the basis of the "Joint Statement of the Chinese and Russian Government Heads on Deepening Strategic Cooperation in the Field of Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy" signed on November 7, 2016, we will continue to deepen and expand cooperation in the field of peaceful use of nuclear energy and explore feasible Cooperation projects.
(3) Continue to deepen the investment cooperation between the two countries, give full play to the overall coordination role of the China-Russia Investment Cooperation Committee, further improve the mechanism, and strengthen the development strategy, planning and policy docking between the two countries' economic sectors. In accordance with the principles of “corporate body, market orientation, business operation, and international practices”, we will jointly promote more investment cooperation projects. Strengthen the guidance of bilateral cooperation funds such as Sino-Russian investment funds and Sino-Russian cooperation and development investment funds to enhance financial support and service levels. Strengthen the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of investors in both sides and create a fairer, more friendly and stable business environment.
(4) Carrying out cooperation between the government departments of the two countries and the financial supervision department within the framework of the Subcommittee on Financial Cooperation of the China-Russia Prime Minister's Regular Meeting Committee. The Chinese and Russian financial regulatory authorities will take measures to increase the use of local currency settlement in foreign trade contracts, carry out cooperation in the payment system, bank card and insurance, and promote mutual investment. The issuers of both countries are welcome to issue bonds in the financial markets of both countries. Support the efforts of commercial banks of the two countries in the establishment of institutions, expand the network of correspondent banks and innovation of financial products, and encourage financial institutions of both sides to actively participate in the trading of bond markets in the two countries.
(V) Deepen the accounting and auditing standards and audit supervision cooperation, actively promote mutual recognition of accounting and auditing standards, and provide institutional guarantee for cross-border issuance of Chinese and Russian enterprises and the interconnection of financial markets between the two countries.
(VI) Expanding the depth and breadth of cooperation in science and technology innovation, and deciding to organize the “Sino-Russian Science and Technology Innovation Year” in 2020 and 2021. Continue to hold regular Sino-Russian innovation dialogues, promote the construction of Sino-Russian joint science and technology innovation fund, promote Sino-Russian scientific cooperation, promote China's participation in the implementation of ion-collector device projects based on superconducting heavy ion accelerators, and strengthen the exchange of scientific and technological innovation talents between the two countries. Cooperation.
(7) Expanding and deepening the long-term mutually beneficial cooperation between the two countries in the aerospace field on the basis of the implementation of the China-Russia 2018-2022 space cooperation program, including launch vehicles and engines, lunar and deep space exploration, Earth observation, aerospace electronic components, Cooperation in key areas such as space debris monitoring and low-orbit satellite communications systems.
(8) Strengthen cooperation in the fields of information and communication technology, digital economy, and radio frequency resource management, and carry out in-depth exchange and cooperation between the Beidou navigation system and the Russian GLONASS system in terms of orbital and frequency.
Actively implement cooperation projects in the fields of civil aviation, raw materials, equipment, radio electronics, etc., and promote the practical cooperation between Chinese and Russian industrial enterprises to a new level.
(9) Expand and enhance the level of agricultural cooperation and deepen agricultural investment cooperation. Take measures to optimize the business environment, support the enterprises of the two countries to carry out the whole industrial chain cooperation of soybean production and processing, logistics and trade, and implement the "Agricultural Development Plan for Northeast China and Russia's Far East and Baikal Region" and "Expanding Soybean for Russia" Cooperation plan for the export of soybean products to China. Actively carry out mutual market access cooperation between agricultural products and food products of the two countries, and expand the trade of high-quality agricultural products and foods between the two sides.
(10) Deepen cooperation in the field of transportation. Adhere to the principle of mutual benefit and win-win, build and renovate existing cross-border transportation infrastructure, and promote the implementation of landmark major cooperation projects in railways, border rivers and bridges. Strengthen cross-border transportation cooperation between the two countries, promote the facilitation of transport customs clearance, and improve the quality and efficiency of transportation services.
(11) Strengthen all-round pragmatic cooperation between customs inspection and quarantine and port operations, continuously improve the level of synchronized infrastructure construction of port infrastructure, optimize the customs clearance environment for ports, and carry out necessary information exchange for customs.
(12) Promote the sustainable development cooperation between China and Russia in the Arctic, and expand cooperation in the development and utilization of Arctic waterways and infrastructure, resource development, tourism, and environmental protection in the Arctic region on the basis of adhering to the rights and interests of coastal countries. Support the continuation of polar scientific research cooperation and promote the implementation of the Arctic Joint Scientific Research Voyage and Arctic Joint Research Project. Continue to carry out Sino-Russian collaboration in the Arctic-Dialogue Region International Arctic Forum.
(13) Enhance the level and quality of cooperation in the field of natural disaster prevention and emergency relief, including natural disasters and production safety accidents, and promote international cooperation in this field. Strengthen cooperation in the areas of transboundary water protection, environmental disaster emergency liaison, biodiversity conservation, climate change response, and solid waste treatment.
(14) In the spirit of good-neighborly friendship and cooperation, continue to develop pragmatic cooperation in the Sino-Russian border area, strengthen coordination, and promote economic and social development in the border areas of the two countries.
(15) Expanding local exchanges between China and Russia, continuing to deepen regional economic and trade cooperation, and implementing the "Sino-Russian Cooperation and Development Plan for the Far East Region of Russia (2018-2024)" to enrich the achievements of the Sino-Russian local cooperation and exchange year. Research establishes and operates a new local cooperation platform. We will promote the expansion of cooperation with the China International Import Expo, the China-Russia Expo, the China-Northeast Asia Expo, the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, and the Oriental Economic Forum.
(16) Actively promote the construction of the “Belt and Road” and the European-European Economic Union. Promote an effective dialogue mechanism between the government of the People's Republic of China and the Economic Commission for Europe and Asia. Practically promote priority projects that are in line with the interests of China, the Eurasian Economic Union and its member states.
Ensuring that the Agreement on Economic and Trade Cooperation between the People's Republic of China and the Eurasian Economic Union signed on May 17, 2018 will enter into force at an early date and be implemented. The two sides advocated the initiation of negotiations on the Sino-Russian Economic Partnership Agreement.
The two sides spoke highly of the second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum held in Beijing from April 25 to 27, 2019. During the forum, the parties reached an important consensus on further strengthening the constructive cooperation in the Eurasian region on the basis of docking existing national and regional integration strategies and projects.
(17) Continue to deepen bilateral consular cooperation, strengthen exchanges in this field, and actively promote the further facilitation of Sino-Russian personnel exchanges.Cultural exchanges
The goal of Sino-Russian cultural exchanges is to inherit friendships from generation to generation, consolidate friendly exchanges between the people, and promote mutual learning and mutual learning. In order to further develop humanities exchanges, the two sides will take the following measures:
(1) To play the coordinating role of the China-Russia Humanities Cooperation Committee and implement the "China-Russia Humanities Cooperation Action Plan."
(2) Accelerate breakthroughs in the following areas of humanities exchange and cooperation: academic exchanges between teachers and students; use of distance education technology to conduct teaching in Chinese and Russian; and jointly organize activities in the fields of basic education, secondary and supplementary education, and youth exchanges. According to the principle of quantity equivalence, they are provided to each other’s universities to study abroad. Exchange outstanding students to the other countries to study the dominant profession, achieve the goal of mutual exchange of 100,000 students in 2020; improve the operation mode of Chinese learning centers such as the Russian Center in China and the Confucius Institute in Russia.
Create a youth exchange brand. In the framework of the 100-China Youth Exchange Program, the two sides will continue to carry out exchanges and practices, promote the international youth movement, increase the number of exchanges and projects between Chinese and Russian youth organizations, and implement the "China-Russia Youth Generation Friendship Declaration."
(3) Accelerate the construction of Moscow University in Beijing, and support the joint research institutions of universities and university alliances in the two countries to carry out joint research on scientific research, quality resources sharing and high-level talents. Continue to support and promote the "Sino-Russian Youth Business Incubator" exchange program, promote the implementation of the youth entrepreneurship plan of the two countries, and train young and innovative entrepreneurs.
(4) Active cooperation in the field of health, including continuing to strengthen cooperation in the areas of responding to emergencies in the natural, man-made, epidemic prevention and health fields and eliminating medical consequences. Achieve the basic goals of human health, expand coverage of health services, and collaborate in the field of noncommunicable diseases and social health. Under the framework of the China-Russia Medical University Alliance and the Professional Medical Association, strengthen scientific research cooperation and encourage direct exchanges and cooperation between the two countries' counterpart medical organizations.
Continue to expand cooperation in the field of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. Improve the level of academic collaboration between relevant Chinese and Russian organizations in the research and monitoring of dangerous viral diseases and natural epidemic infectious diseases, and risk assessment of human health environmental factors.
(5) Supporting and promoting the establishment of direct links and deepening cooperation between cultural institutions of the two countries, such as professional art academies, theaters, libraries, museums, etc., further supporting the activities of the Moscow China Cultural Center and the Beijing Russian Cultural Center, strengthening local cultural exchanges and cooperation, and promoting two In-depth training on the training and exchange of talents in the field of culture and art in the country.
(6) Deepen sports exchanges and cooperation, and organize sports exchange activities such as the China-Russia Summer Youth Games and Winter Youth Games, the Silk Road International Rally, and the Silk Road Cup Hockey League. Strengthen cooperation in preparing for the Winter Olympics and jointly improve the level of winter sports. The Russian side supports the Chinese side to host the 24th Winter Olympics in 2022. The Chinese side will provide good conditions for the Russian athletes to stay in China on the eve of the Winter Olympics and during the period.
(7) Promote cooperation between media organizations of the two countries and objectively and comprehensively report on major international events. Support the media of the two countries to carry out professional dialogues and exchanges and hold related thematic activities. We will strengthen all-round and multi-form cooperation between the new media (web media) of both sides, promote the understanding of the outstanding achievements of the Chinese and Russian cultures, and create a good social atmosphere for the development of Sino-Russian cooperation and partnership.
(8) Promoting the cooperation between the national tourism departments of the two countries, taking measures to simplify travel procedures, promoting measures to expand two-way tourism exchange, improving the quality and safety of tourism services, and encouraging the development of new forms of tourism, including Arctic tourism, automobile tourism, theme tourism, etc. . Focus on promoting cooperation between the competent authorities of the two countries, coordinate management of the tourism market, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of tourists.
(9) Promote cooperation between the forestry and nature protection departments of the two countries, and continue to deepen the cooperation and cooperation between rare and endangered wildlife and migratory migratory birds such as the Northeast Tiger and the Northeast Leopard. Strengthen cooperation in nature reserves, especially the cooperation of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard Cross-border Nature Reserve, jointly carry out patrol and monitoring of the Northeast Tiger Leopard, jointly carry out ecological corridor construction, and ensure the free migration of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard on the Sino-Russian border. In order to enhance the friendship between the two peoples, the Chinese side will provide a pair of giant pandas to Russia. The two sides will conduct cooperation and joint research on the protection and breeding of giant pandas.
(10) Strengthen communication, expand cooperation, and deepen the work of repairing and protecting the martyrs' memorial facilities in each other's territory.
(11) To continue to play the role of the China-Russia Friendship, Peace and Development Committee as the main channel for non-governmental exchanges between the two countries. We will actively promote more non-governmental exchange activities and consolidate the social and social activities of the two countries, focusing on the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Russia. The basis of public opinion.
International collaboration
The purpose of Sino-Russian international collaboration is to reflect the mission and responsibility of the two countries as world powers and permanent members of the Security Council. They are committed to safeguarding world peace and stability and international fairness, promoting respect for international law, promoting the democratization of international relations, and promoting a more just and rational international order. Direction development. The two sides will cooperate in the following areas:
(1) In the spirit of multilateralism, we must firmly uphold the international system based on the United Nations and the international order based on international law. Adhere to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, including sovereign equality and non-interference in internal affairs, relying on extensive international cooperation, promoting global governance reform, supporting the multilateral trading system, and promoting a new, more equitable, balanced and stable international structure for the nations and people of the world. Further development provides opportunities. The contribution of the BRICS countries to the formation of a multi-polar world and the building of a more just, multilateral, democratic and equal international system has become increasingly prominent. It is necessary to effectively play the role of the BRICS, including representatives of BRICS members to the United Nations and other major multilateral platforms. Hold regular conversations.
(2) Committed to improving the efficiency of the operation of the United Nations and its Security Council, and supporting the necessary and reasonable reform of the United Nations and its Security Council in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations to fully implement the Charter of the United Nations. The reform of the Security Council should give priority to increasing the representation and voice of developing countries, so that the majority of small and medium-sized countries have more opportunities to take turns to enter the Security Council and participate in decision-making. All parties should continue to explore the issue of reform of the UN and its Security Council through extensive and democratic consultations. They should not set time limits, push for immature reform programs, and seek a "package" solution that balances interests and concerns.
(3) Committed to fully implementing the 2030 sustainable development agenda, balancing and promoting fair, inclusive, open, comprehensive, innovative and sustainable development in the three major areas of economy, society and environment. Supporting the important role of the United Nations in coordinating the global implementation of the 2030 Agenda and the need to strengthen the capacity of Member States to implement the 2030 Agenda through reforms such as the United Nations development system.
(4) Strengthen international cooperation to jointly address global environmental issues such as climate change and biodiversity. The two sides welcomed the fact that the 24th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has reached the implementation rules of the Paris Agreement as scheduled, which will further strengthen climate action. China welcomes Russia's active participation in and support for the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, which China will host in 2020.
(5) Promoting the equal treatment of all kinds of human rights by the UN human rights mechanisms and increasing investment in the economic, social and cultural rights and development rights that developing countries attach importance to. Continue to work together to oppose the politicization of the international human rights agenda, oppose the adoption of a "double standard" policy, oppose the use of human rights as an excuse to interfere in the internal affairs of sovereign states, oppose the attempt to downplay the nature of UN human rights institutions as intergovernmental institutions, oppose the distortion of tampering history, and subvert the current International relations and the system of international law.
(6) Firmly upholding the relevant principles of international humanitarian law and the basic principles of providing humanitarian relief in crisis situations as stipulated in General Assembly resolution 46/182.
(7) Take joint measures to prevent an arms race in outer space and prevent outer space from evolving into a military conflict territory. In this context, the two sides emphasized that the ban on the deployment of any weapons in outer space would help prevent international peace and security from being seriously threatened. Emphasize that we should first strictly abide by the existing international agreements on the peaceful use of outer space, safeguard world peace and security, develop international cooperation, and expand consensus.
Develop a legally binding multilateral instrument to ensure that no types of weapons are deployed in outer space. The two sides emphasized that the Conference on Disarmament is the only venue for multilateral disarmament negotiations and plays a key role in the negotiation of an international agreement on the comprehensive prevention of an arms race in outer space.
Promote the establishment of a multilateral mechanism at the United Nations to ensure the long-term stability of outer space activities and the security of outer space operations.
Take joint measures to promote an international initiative on the political commitment to “not deploy weapons first in outer space”. The two sides believe that the transparency and confidence measures in practice will help prevent the deployment of weapons in outer space, but they cannot replace the negotiation of international legal instruments in outer space.
Comply with and strengthen the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction (the Convention), including by means of a protocol containing an effective verification mechanism, to eliminate incidents of violations of the Convention. At the same time, any decision on the Convention can only be discussed, formulated and adopted with the participation of all parties.
Promote the Conference on Disarmament as soon as possible to begin multilateral negotiations through the International Convention for the Suppression of Biochemical Terrorism.
Strengthen cooperation in the field of nuclear non-proliferation. Jointly safeguard the validity and authority of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons as the basis of the nuclear non-proliferation regime.
(8) Strengthening international governance against corruption and supporting international cooperation in preventing and combating corruption in accordance with the United Nations Convention against Corruption.
(9) Oppose any form of protectionism, including unilateral trade sanctions, and maintain and consolidate an open, transparent, inclusive and non-discriminatory multilateral trading system based on the core functions and rules of the World Trade Organization. Actively participate in the work within the framework of the WTO, explore and improve existing rules in the fields of agriculture, investment facilitation, domestic rules in services, small and medium-sized enterprises activities, e-commerce and trade remedy measures, and study and formulate new non-discriminatory multilateral trade rules in the WTO. In the negotiations, the issue of meeting the interests of all parties will form a joint force. In order to consolidate the role of the WTO, adapt it to the current economic situation and challenges, and promote the necessary reforms of the WTO to improve the efficiency of the three key functions of supervision, negotiation and dispute resolution. The core values and basic principles of the WTO should be safeguarded in the process of reform.
(10) Opposing political monopoly and currency blackmail in international economic and trade cooperation, condemning the necessity and scale of individual countries in trying to control other countries to carry out legitimate cooperation, as well as manipulating the global non-proliferation regime and exerting pressure on countries that do not care for them.
(11) Cooperate to maintain the reform momentum of the international monetary and financial system, promote the completion of the 15th round of the IMF's total inspection in accordance with the established timetable, and enhance the representation and voice of emerging markets and developing countries.
(12) Continue to work together with the member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to further develop the role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization as an influential participant in the modern international relations system and to promote regional security, sustainable development, and efficient regional cooperation. The formation of a highly balanced world maintains equal, indivisible, comprehensive and sustainable security and stability.
Adhering to the mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for diverse civilizations, and seeking common development advocated by the "Shanghai Spirit", we will further deepen the cooperation of the member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the fields of politics, economy, security and humanities exchanges.
During Russia's presidency of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization from 2019 to 2020, it will focus on solving the above tasks.
(13) Promote the deepening of the BRICS strategic partnership from the three major aspects of economic and trade finance, political security, and humanities exchanges. We will continue to consolidate the important position of the BRICS countries in world political and economic affairs, and ensure the continuity and stability of cooperation among BRICS countries by implementing the consensus reached by successive BRICS leaders. Strengthen collaboration among multilateral development agencies such as the New Development Bank to support sustainable development and infrastructure development. Continue to implement the BRICS Economic Partnership Strategy and the Economic and Trade Cooperation Action Plan. Deepen innovation and technology cooperation through the construction of the BRICS New Industrial Revolution Partnership. Actively use the BRICS Dialogue and the “BRIC+” model to expand cooperation between the BRICS countries and other developing countries, emerging market countries and related organizations. We will jointly support Brazil’s eleventh meeting of leaders of the BRICS countries.
(14) To consolidate the multilateral basis for the operation of the national relations mechanism in the Asia-Pacific region, deepen cooperation in platforms such as the East Asia Summit, the ASEAN Regional Forum, and the ASEAN Defense Ministers' Expansion Conference, and strengthen the ASEM, Asia Cooperation Dialogue, AsiaInfo, and Big Picture. We advocated cooperation within the framework of other regional mechanisms to promote the development of the "China-Russia-India" mechanism.
Based on the strict observance of the norms of international law and the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes, non-use of force or threat of force, promote the construction of a common, integrated, cooperative, sustainable and equitable indivisible security and open and inclusive transparent Asia-Pacific Summit within the framework of the East Asia Summit. Regional security architecture.
(15) Supporting the G20 to play a leading role in global economic governance and international economic cooperation. Committed to implementing the achievements of the G20 summits, adhering to multilateralism, building an open world economy, safeguarding and promoting the WTO-based, rule-based multilateral trading system, and opposing unilateral including unilateral trade sanctions And protectionism, promoting structural cooperation, digital economy, new technology applications, e-commerce, sustainable development, climate change, infrastructure connectivity, reform of the international financial system, support for small and medium-sized enterprises, and consolidation of global value chains, and other international cooperation, Promote a strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth of the world economy. Promote the BRICS countries to further strengthen coordination and cooperation in the G20 affairs.
(16) Adhere to the general direction of building an open Asia-Pacific economy, promote positive and pragmatic achievements in the cooperation of APEC in various fields, and promote the free trade of countries in the Asia-Pacific region and the development of cooperation on major regional integration platforms based on WTO guidelines and principles. Full implementation of the interconnection blueprint, promote the development of the digital economy, build an Asia-Pacific free trade zone, and jointly plan a vision for cooperation after 2020.
(17) Adhere to the goal of denuclearization on the Korean Peninsula and emphasize that dialogue and consultation are the only effective ways to solve the peninsula problem. The two sides welcomed the major positive changes in the situation on the Korean Peninsula since 2018 and positively evaluated the efforts made by all parties concerned. It is believed that the political solution to the peninsula problem should adhere to the goal of non-nuclearization for security and development, comprehensively balance the concerns of all parties, and promote the denuclearization of the peninsula and the establishment of a peninsula peace mechanism. Support the DPRK and the United States to maintain dialogue, move in the opposite direction, and promote continuous progress in dialogue. Support the DPRK and the ROK to improve relations and continue to promote reconciliation and cooperation. China and Russia will continue to make constructive efforts to promote a political solution to the peninsula problem and establish a peace and security mechanism in the region. They are willing to jointly promote the Council to play its due role.
(18) Stress that the Syrian issue can only be resolved through political and diplomatic means. According to Security Council Resolution 2254, it reiterates its support for Syria's sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity. We will start the work of the Constitutional Council as soon as possible, and seek a political solution that takes into account the legitimate concerns of all parties through the inclusive political process of “narrator-led, narrative-owned” promoted by the United Nations. China and Russia welcome the efforts of the sponsoring countries of Astana in improving the situation in Syria. They reiterated that they should crack down on all terrorist organizations in Syria, including terrorist organizations listed by the UN Security Council, and emphasize the urgency of Syria’s reconstruction. Assistance and willing to strengthen communication and coordination in this regard, emphasizing the importance of returning refugees as soon as possible and returning internally displaced persons to their homes.
(19) The comprehensive agreement on the Iranian nuclear issue is of great significance and irreplaceable. According to UN Security Council Resolution 2231 and Article 25 of the UN Charter, it firmly supports the steady and comprehensive implementation of relevant agreements. The two sides spoke highly of Iran's strict implementation of all relevant requirements of the comprehensive agreement on the Iranian nuclear issue and have been repeatedly confirmed by the International Atomic Energy Agency. It is expected that the participants in the comprehensive agreement on the Iranian nuclear issue will also treat their obligations in a serious and responsible manner, in order to achieve the lofty goal of comprehensive agreement as scheduled. The two sides emphasized that it is necessary to maintain mutually beneficial economic and trade cooperation with Iraq and reiterate its firm opposition to the implementation of unilateral sanctions and "long arm jurisdiction" by any country on the grounds of its own laws.
(20) Continue to work closely in bilateral and multilateral frameworks to promote national reconciliation and stability in Afghanistan.
(21) Maintain consultations on Latin American affairs, attach importance to strengthening communication and cooperation in the process of developing relations with Latin American and Caribbean countries, and make further joint efforts to promote stability and prosperity in the region. Pay close attention to the development of the situation in Venezuela, call on all parties to abide by the UN Charter, the principles of international law and international relations, adhere to the principle of non-interference in internal affairs, promote the peaceful resolution of relevant issues through inclusive political dialogue, and oppose military intervention in Venezuela.
(22) Strengthen communication and coordination on African affairs, maintain a positive and healthy atmosphere for international cooperation in Africa, and jointly make greater contributions to peace and development in Africa. On the basis of full respect for the will of the African countries and gradual and orderly progress, continue to explore non-tripartite cooperation.
(23) Stressing that the question of Palestine is the root of many problems in the Middle East and supports the establishment of a completely independent, independent and promising Palestinian state based on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital. Call on all parties concerned to refrain from taking actions that are detrimental to the prospects of the "two-state plan" and promote the early resumption of negotiations and the realization of the Middle East issue through political and diplomatic channels on the basis of existing international laws such as the relevant UN resolutions, the Madrid Principles, and the "Arab Peace Initiative". Comprehensive, fair and lasting solution.
President of the people's president
Xi Jinping (signed) F. Fu Putin (signed)
Moscow, June 5, 2009
(Xinhua News Agency, Moscow, June 5th)
People's Daily (06 June 2019, 02 edition)__________中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦关于发展
新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系的联合声明分享到：应俄罗斯联邦总统普京邀请，中华人民共和国主席习近平于2019年6月5日至7日对俄罗斯进行国事访问并出席第二十三届圣彼得堡国际经济论坛。两国元首在莫斯科举行会谈，习近平主席会见俄罗斯联邦政府总理德·阿·梅德韦杰夫。
中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦（以下称“双方”），声明如下：
一
2019年是两国建交70周年，中俄双方均予以隆重庆祝。70年来，两国关系走过不平凡的历程。双方汲取历史经验，立足两国和两国人民利益，致力于实现和平发展、合作共赢，推动中俄关系达到历史最好水平，树立了睦邻相处、合作共赢的典范。中俄关系牢固、稳定，不受外部环境干扰而改变，具有巨大的内生动力和广阔发展前景。
双方认为，当前中俄关系的主要特征是：
——高度的政治互信；
——完备的高层交往和各领域合作机制；
——内容丰富、具有战略意义的务实合作；
——坚实的世代友好民意基础；
——密切有效的国际协调。
双方确定了以下一系列指导两国关系的基本原则：
——相互尊重，平等信任；
——互帮互助，睦邻友好；
——相互支持，战略协作；
——互谅互让，合作共赢；
——不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方。
双方将继续坚持上述原则，继续秉持2001年《中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦睦邻友好合作条约》宗旨以及其他双边关系文件精神，指导两国关系长远发展。
二
中俄关系进入新时代，迎来更大发展的新机遇。着眼世界形势变化，顺应两国人民共同愿望，为新形势下两国关系取得更大发展，双方宣布，将致力于发展中俄新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系。其内涵包括以下目标和方向：
——守望相助，相互给予更加坚定有力的战略支持，支持对方走自身发展道路和维护本国核心利益，保障两国各自安全、主权和领土完整。为此双方将进一步开展相关领域互信合作。
——深度融通，就国家发展战略对接进行密切协调和战略协作，拓展经贸和投资互利合作，民心更加友好相通，文化更加互鉴相融；
——开拓创新，不断丰富、完善双方合作理念、机制，开拓新的领域、项目、技术，更加全面挖掘两国关系潜力和发展动能；
——普惠共赢，进一步团结其他观点一致国家，维护以《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则为核心的国际秩序和国际体系，推动建设相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系，推动构建人类命运共同体，在各国平等参与全球治理、遵循国际法、保障平等和不可分割的安全、相互尊重和考虑彼此利益、摒弃对抗和冲突的基础上，秉持多边主义原则，解决国际和地区问题，在国际事务中主持公道，促进更加公正合理的多极世界的形成，惠及世界人民，实现合作共赢。
三
俄方支持“一带一路”倡议，中方支持在欧亚经济联盟框架内推动一体化进程。双方在推进“一带一路”建设与欧亚经济联盟对接方面加强协调行动。
中方支持建设大欧亚伙伴关系倡议。双方认为，“一带一路”倡议同大欧亚伙伴关系可以并行不悖，协调发展，共同促进区域组织、双多边一体化进程，造福欧亚大陆人民。
四
双方一致同意，将政治合作、安全合作、务实合作、人文交流、国际协作作为中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系的重点领域。为实现以上目标，双方将共同规划各领域合作原则、方向和具体举措，进一步充实中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系内涵。
政治合作
中俄关系将继续以牢固的政治信任为基石，发挥两国元首战略引领作用。双方将聚焦以下方面：
（一）通过年度互访、在重要多边场合举行双边会晤、元首热线、互致信函等方式，保持两国元首密切交往，对双边关系发展进行顶层设计和战略引领。
（二）充分发挥中俄总理定期会晤机制统筹和推动作用，保持经贸、投资、能源、人文、地方等领域政府间合作委员会高效运转。
（三）保持两国立法机构高层交往势头，用好议会间交流机制和友好小组对话平台，开展多层次、宽领域、全方位交往。
（四）支持中共中央办公厅与俄罗斯联邦总统办公厅作为双边交往的独特渠道，为保障两国元首交往、推动落实两国元首共识发挥更大作用。加强两办及相关部门全面合作。
（五）支持中国共产党与俄罗斯主要政党保持机制化友好往来，努力建立求同存异、相互尊重、互学互鉴的新型政党关系。
安全合作
中俄安全合作的目标是确保两国国家安全，为各自国家稳定发展创造有利条件，有效应对各类传统和新型安全威胁与挑战。
双方将采取以下措施：
（一）充分发挥战略安全磋商机制作用，巩固国家安全领域信任，绝不允许任何势力利用本国领土从事反对对方的活动；保持双方在重大国家安全问题上的密切沟通和协调配合；继续就发展道路和理念、治国理政经验、加强执政能力建设等开展对话。
（二）继续加强两国防务部门和军队战略沟通，深化军事互信，加强军技领域合作，开展联合军事演习，完善各层级各领域务实合作机制，推动两军关系提升至新水平。
（三）完善中俄执法安全合作机制，统筹协调、整体推进两国执法安全各领域合作。
（四）相互支持对方打击恐怖主义和极端主义的努力，加强在打击传播和宣传恐怖主义、极端主义思想及人员招募，切断恐怖组织物资、资金等来源等方面的合作，消除煽动恐怖主义行为，侦破各类威胁两国国家安全的恐怖活动。加强多边反恐领域的政策协调与建设性合作，推动国际社会建立以联合国为核心的全球反恐统一战线，反对在打击恐怖主义和极端主义问题上奉行“双重标准”，谴责利用恐怖和极端组织以及打击国际恐怖主义和极端主义实现地缘政治目的和干涉别国内政。
（五）加强禁毒领域立场协调、经验交流和务实合作，巩固双边禁毒合作机制，深化毒品减需减供情报交换、联合执法等领域交流合作。坚定维护基于联合国三大禁毒公约的现行国际禁毒体制，促进上海合作组织禁毒合作务实、可持续发展，推动金砖国家禁毒合作。
（六）扩大网络安全领域交流。进一步采取措施维护双方关键信息基础设施的安全和稳定。加强网络空间立法领域交流，共同推动遵照国际法和国内法规进行互联网治理的原则。反对以国家安全为借口，不必要地限制信息通信技术产品的市场准入，不必要地限制高新技术产品出口。在各国平等参与基础上维护网络空间和平与安全，推动构建全球信息网络空间治理秩序。继续开展工作，进一步推动在联合国框架下制定网络空间国家负责任行为准则，并推动制定具有普遍法律约束力的法律文件，打击将信息通信技术用于犯罪目的的行为。
（七）开展边境合作及边防部门协作，在进行不间断形势监控、信息交流以及开展边境地区务实联合行动实践的基础上，进一步强化两国边境主管部门间的务实合作，合力打击跨国犯罪和非法移民，保障国家边境稳定。同时遵守领土和边境不可侵犯的国际法原则，相互尊重主权和领土完整。
务实合作
中俄务实合作的目标是为双边关系奠定坚实的物质基础。双方将拓宽思路，创新模式，推动两国务实合作全面提质升级，实现利益深度交融、互利共赢。
双方商定落实下列任务：
（一）落实好双方《关于促进双边贸易高质量发展的备忘录》，持续提升双边贸易规模，优化贸易结构。深化电子商务、服务贸易领域合作，扩大投资和经济技术合作，推进战略性大项目实施，提高贸易和投资便利化水平，为双方经贸合作创造良好条件。双方支持中小企业扩大合作，为双边经贸合作注入新动力。
（二）继续深化上中下游全方位一体化能源合作，促进双方在节能技术、标准、人才、信息等方面交流与合作。支持中俄东线天然气管道项目年内举行投产及供气启动仪式。支持中俄能源商务论坛成为机制化活动。
落实好2018年6月8日达成的核领域一揽子合作项目。本着互利共赢的原则，在2016年11月7日签署的《中俄政府首脑关于深化和平利用核能领域战略合作的联合声明》基础上，继续深化和拓展和平利用核能领域合作，探讨可行的合作项目。
（三）持续深化两国投资合作，充分发挥中俄投资合作委员会统筹协调作用，进一步完善机制，加强两国经济领域发展战略、规划和政策对接。按照“企业主体、市场导向、商业运作、国际惯例”的原则共同推动更多投资合作项目落地。加强对中俄投资基金、中俄地区合作发展投资基金等双边合作基金的引导，提升金融支持和服务水平。加强对双方投资者合法权益的保护，营造更加公平、友好和稳定的营商环境。
（四）在中俄总理定期会晤委员会金融合作分委会框架内等开展两国政府部门和金融监管部门的合作。中俄金融监管部门将采取措施，提高外贸合同中使用本币结算的份额，开展支付系统、银行卡和保险领域合作，促进相互投资，欢迎两国发行人在双方金融市场发行债券。支持两国商业银行在机构互设、扩大代理行网络及金融产品创新方面的努力，鼓励双方金融机构积极参与两国债券市场交易。
（五）深化会计审计标准和审计监管合作，积极推进会计审计标准互认，为中俄企业跨境发债和两国金融市场互联互通提供制度保障。
（六）扩大科技创新合作深度和广度，决定2020年、2021年互办“中俄科技创新年”。继续定期举行中俄创新对话，推进中俄联合科技创新基金建设，推动中俄大科学合作，推动中国参与基于超导重离子加速器的离子对撞机装置项目实施，加强两国科技创新人才交流与合作。
（七）在实施中俄2018—2022年航天合作大纲的基础上拓展并深化两国航天领域长期互利合作，包括在运载火箭及发动机、月球与深空探测、对地观测、航天电子元器件、空间碎片监测、低轨卫星通信系统等重点领域的合作。
（八）加强信息通信技术、数字经济、无线电频率资源管理领域合作，深入开展北斗导航系统与俄罗斯格洛纳斯系统在轨位、频率方面的互换和合作。
积极落实民用航空、原材料、装备、无线电电子等领域合作项目，推动中俄工业务实合作再上新台阶。
（九）扩大并提升农业合作水平，深化农业投资合作。采取措施优化营商环境，支持两国企业开展大豆等农作物生产、加工、物流与贸易全产业链合作，落实好双方《中国东北地区和俄罗斯远东及贝加尔地区农业发展规划》、《关于俄扩大大豆和豆制品输华的合作规划》。积极开展两国农产品食品相互市场准入合作，扩大双方优质农产品食品贸易。
（十）深化交通运输领域合作。坚持互利共赢原则，新建和改造现有跨境交通基础设施，推动铁路、界河桥梁等领域标志性重大合作项目落地实施。加强两国间跨境运输合作，推进运输通关便利化，提高运输服务质量效率。
（十一）加强海关检验检疫、口岸运行全方位务实合作，不断提升口岸基础设施同步配套建设水平，优化口岸通关环境，开展海关必要信息交换。
（十二）推动中俄北极可持续发展合作，在遵循沿岸国家权益基础上扩大北极航道开发利用以及北极地区基础设施、资源开发、旅游、生态环保等领域合作。支持继续开展极地科研合作，推动实施北极联合科考航次和北极联合研究项目。继续开展中俄在“北极——对话区域”国际北极论坛内的协作。
（十三）提升在自然灾害防治和紧急救灾领域，包括自然灾害和生产安全事故后续处理方面合作的水平和质量，促进在该领域的国际合作。加强跨界水体保护、环境灾害应急联络、生物多样性保护、应对气候变化、固废处理等领域合作。
（十四）本着睦邻友好合作精神继续发展中俄边界领域务实合作，加强协调，促进两国边境地区的经济社会发展。
（十五）扩大中俄地方交流，持续深化地方间经贸合作，落实好《中俄在俄罗斯远东地区合作发展规划（2018—2024年）》，丰富中俄地方合作交流年成果。研究建立并运行新的地方合作平台。用好中国国际进口博览会、中俄博览会、中国—东北亚博览会、圣彼得堡国际经济论坛、东方经济论坛等重点展会平台，推动扩大合作。
（十六）积极推进“一带一路”建设与欧亚经济联盟对接。推动在中华人民共和国政府同欧亚经济委员会间建立有效对话机制。切实推动符合中国、欧亚经济联盟及其成员国利益的优先项目。
确保2018年5月17日签署的《中华人民共和国与欧亚经济联盟经贸合作协定》早日生效并启动实施。双方主张启动中俄《欧亚经济伙伴关系协定》谈判。
双方高度评价2019年4月25日至27日在北京举办的第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛。论坛期间各方就在对接现有国家及地区一体化战略和项目基础上进一步加强欧亚地区建设性合作达成重要共识。
（十七）继续深化双边领事合作，加强在该领域交流，积极推动中俄人员往来进一步便利化。
人文交流
中俄人文交流的目标是传承世代友好，巩固民间友好往来，促进文明互学互鉴。为进一步发展人文交流，双方将采取以下措施：
（一）发挥中俄人文合作委员会统筹作用，落实《中俄人文合作行动计划》。
（二）在以下人文交流合作领域加快实现突破：师生学术交流；利用远程教育技术等开展汉语、俄语教学；在基础教育、中等职业及补充教育、青少年交流领域共同举办活动。根据数量对等原则相互提供到对方国家高校公费留学的名额。互派优秀学生到对方国家就读优势专业，实现2020年相互留学交流10万人目标；完善在华俄语中心和在俄孔子学院等汉语学习中心运行模式。
打造青少年交流品牌。在中俄百名青年互访项目框架内继续开展双方交流实践，促进国际青少年运动，增加中俄青少年组织间交流活动及项目数量，落实《中俄青少年世代友好宣言》。
（三）加快推进深圳北理莫斯科大学建设，支持两国高校、大学联盟联合研究机构在科技优先领域开展科研联合攻关、优质资源共享和高水平人才联合培养。持续支持和推广“中俄青年创业孵化器”交流项目，促进落实两国青年创业计划，培养两国青年创新创业人才。
（四）在卫生领域积极协作，包括继续在应对自然、人为、防疫卫生领域突发情况及医疗后果消除等领域加强合作。实现人类健康基本目标，扩大卫生服务覆盖范围，在非传染性疾病和社会卫生领域开展协作。在中俄医科大学联盟和专业医学协会框架下加强科研合作，鼓励两国对口医学组织间的直接交流与合作。
继续拓展双方在传染性疾病诊治和防控领域合作。提高中俄相关组织机构在危险病毒性疾病和自然疫源性传染病研究监控、人类健康环境因素影响风险评估方面的学术协作水平。
（五）支持并促进两国专业艺术院团、剧院、图书馆、博物馆等文化机构建立直接联系并深化合作，进一步支持莫斯科中国文化中心和北京俄罗斯文化中心活动，加强地方文化交流合作，推动两国文化艺术领域人才培训和交流，就开展文化产业领域合作进行深入研究。
（六）深化体育交流与合作，办好中俄夏季青少年运动会和冬季青少年运动会、“丝绸之路”国际汽车拉力赛、“丝路杯”冰球联赛等品牌体育交流活动。在冬奥会备战方面加强合作，共同提高冬季运动水平。俄方支持中方举办2022年第二十四届冬奥会。中方将为俄罗斯运动员冬奥会前夕及举办期间在华停留提供良好条件。
（七）推动两国媒体机构合作，客观全面报道重大国际事件。支持两国媒体开展专业对话交流，举办相关主题活动。加强双方新媒体（网媒）之间的全方位、多形式合作，促进两国人民对中俄文化杰出成果认知，为发展中俄协作及伙伴关系营造良好社会氛围。
（八）促进两国国家旅游部门协作，采取措施简化旅行手续，推动落实扩大双向旅游交流的措施，提升旅游服务质量和安全性，鼓励拓展旅游新形式，包括北极旅游、汽车旅游、主题旅游等。重点推动两国主管部门合作，协调管理旅游市场，保护游客合法权益。
（九）推动两国林业和自然保护部门合作，继续深化东北虎、东北豹等珍稀濒危野生动植物和迁徙候鸟保护合作。加强自然保护区合作，特别是东北虎豹跨境自然保护区合作，联合开展巡护和东北虎豹监测，共同开展生态廊道建设，保障东北虎豹在中俄边界实现自由迁徙。为增进两国人民友谊，中方向俄方提供一对大熊猫，双方将在大熊猫保护、繁育等方面开展合作与联合研究。
（十）加强沟通，扩大合作，深入推进双方在彼此境内的烈士纪念设施修缮保护工作。
（十一）继续发挥中俄友好、和平与发展委员会作为两国民间交往主渠道的作用，以今年庆祝中俄建交70周年为中心，积极推动开展更多民间交流活动，巩固好两国社会和民意基础。
国际协作
中俄国际协作的宗旨是体现双方作为世界大国和安理会常任理事国的使命和担当，致力于维护世界和平稳定和国际公平，促进尊重国际法，推动国际关系民主化，推动国际秩序朝更加公正合理的方向发展。双方将在以下方面开展合作：
（一）本着多边主义的理念，坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系、以国际法为基础的国际秩序。坚持《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则，包括主权平等和不干涉内政，以广泛国际合作为依托，推进全球治理改革，支持多边贸易体制，推动构建更加公平均衡稳定的新型国际格局，为世界各国和人民进一步发展提供机遇。金砖国家对形成多极世界格局，构建更加公正、多边、民主、平等的国际体系所作的贡献日益凸显，要有效发挥金砖国家作用，包括金砖国家成员国驻联合国和其他主要多边平台代表举行定期对话。
（二）致力于提高联合国及其安理会运转效率，根据《联合国宪章》，支持对联合国及其安理会进行必要、合理的改革，以全面履行《联合国宪章》。安理会改革应优先增加发展中国家的代表性和发言权，使广大中小国家有更多机会轮流进入安理会并参与决策。各方应通过广泛、民主协商，继续就联合国及其安理会改革问题开展探讨，不人为设置时限，不强推不成熟的改革方案，寻求兼顾各方利益和关切的“一揽子”解决方案。
（三）致力于全面落实2030年可持续发展议程，平衡协调推进经济、社会和环境三大领域的公平、包容、开放、全面、创新和可持续发展。支持联合国在协调评估全球落实2030年议程方面发挥重要作用，认为有必要通过改革联合国发展系统等方式增强支持会员国落实2030年议程的能力。
（四）加强国际合作共同应对气候变化、生物多样性等全球性环境问题。双方欢迎《联合国气候变化框架公约》第24次缔约方会议如期达成《巴黎协定》实施细则，将进一步加强气候行动。中方欢迎俄方积极参与并支持中国将于2020年承办的《生物多样性公约》第15次缔约方大会。
（五）推动联合国人权机制平等对待各类人权，在发展中国家重视的经社文权利和发展权方面加大投入。继续共同致力于反对将国际人权议程政治化，反对采取“双重标准”政策，反对以人权为借口干涉主权国家内政，反对企图淡化联合国人权机构为政府间机构的属性，反对歪曲篡改历史，颠覆现行国际关系和国际法体系。
（六）坚定维护遵守国际人道法有关准则，以及联大第46/182号决议规定的危机情况下提供人道主义救援的基本原则。
（七）采取共同措施防止外空军备竞赛，防止外空演变成军事冲突疆域。在此背景下双方强调，禁止在外空部署任何武器有助于防止国际和平与安全受到严重威胁。强调首先应严格遵守关于和平利用外空的现行国际协定，维护世界和平与安全，发展国际合作，扩大共识。
制定具有法律约束力的多边文书，确保不在外空部署任何类型武器。双方强调，裁军谈判会议是举行多边裁军谈判的唯一场所，在全面防止外空军备竞赛国际协定谈判中发挥关键作用。
推动在联合国构建保障外空活动长期稳定和外空行动安全的多边机制。
采取共同措施推动作出关于“不首先在外空部署武器”政治承诺的国际倡议。双方相信，正在实践中的透明和信任措施有助于防止在外空部署武器，但不能取代外空国际法律文书谈判。
遵守并强化《禁止发展、生产及储存细菌（生物）及毒素武器和销毁此种武器公约》（《公约》），包括通过达成含有有效核查机制的议定书等方式，共同杜绝违反《公约》活动。同时，任何针对《公约》的决定只能在各方普遍参与的情况下进行讨论、制定并通过。
推动裁军谈判会议尽快就通过“制止生化恐怖主义行为国际公约”开始多边谈判。
加强核不扩散领域合作。共同维护《不扩散核武器条约》作为核不扩散体系基础的有效性和权威性。
（八）加强反腐败国际治理，支持根据《联合国反腐败公约》开展预防和打击腐败方面的国际合作。
（九）反对包括单边贸易制裁在内的任何形式的保护主义，维护并巩固以世界贸易组织核心作用和规则为基础的开放、透明、包容、非歧视的多边贸易体制。积极参与世贸组织框架内工作，探索完善农业、投资便利化、服务领域国内规则、中小微企业活动、电子商务和贸易救济措施等领域现行规则并研究制定新的非歧视多边贸易规则，在世贸组织谈判中就符合各方利益的问题形成合力。为巩固世贸组织作用，使其适应当代经济现状和挑战，推动世贸组织进行必要改革，提高监督、谈判和争端解决三项关键职能的工作效率。改革过程中应着眼维护世贸组织核心价值和基本原则。
（十）反对国际经贸合作中的政治垄断和货币讹诈，谴责个别国家企图掌控别国开展正当合作的必要性和尺度，以及操纵全球不扩散制度，向不合其心意的国家施压。
（十一）合作保持国际货币金融体系改革动力，推动按照既定时间表完成国际货币基金组织第15轮份额总检查，提升新兴市场和发展中国家的代表性和发言权。
（十二）同上海合作组织各成员国继续共同努力，进一步发挥上海合作组织作为有影响力的现代国际关系体系参与者和保障地区安全、可持续发展、高效地区协作的积极因素作用，促进多极平衡世界的形成，维护平等、不可分割、综合、可持续的安全与稳定。
秉持“上海精神”所倡导的互信、互利、平等、协商、尊重多样文明、谋求共同发展，进一步深化上海合作组织成员国在政治、经济、安全和人文交流领域的合作。
在2019—2020年俄罗斯担任上海合作组织主席国期间重点协作解决上述任务。
（十三）从经贸财金、政治安全、人文交流三大相互联系的方面，推动深化金砖战略伙伴关系。不断巩固金砖国家在世界政治和经济事务中的重要地位，通过落实历届金砖国家领导人会晤达成的各项共识，保障金砖国家合作延续性和稳定性。加强在新开发银行等多边开发机构中的协作，为可持续发展和基础设施建设提供支持。继续落实金砖国家经济伙伴战略和经贸合作行动纲领。通过建设金砖国家新工业革命伙伴关系等方式深化创新技术合作。积极运用金砖对话会和“金砖+”模式，扩大金砖国家与其他发展中国家、新兴市场国家及相关组织的合作。共同支持巴西办好金砖国家领导人第十一次会晤。
（十四）为巩固亚太地区国家关系机制运行的多边基础，深化在东亚峰会、东盟地区论坛、东盟防长扩大会等平台中的协作，加强在亚欧会议、亚洲合作对话、亚信、大图们倡议及其他地区机制框架内的合作，推动“中俄印”机制发展。
以严格遵守国际法准则为基础，以和平解决争端、不使用武力或以武力相威胁为原则，在东亚峰会框架内推动构建共同、综合、合作、可持续、平等不可分割安全以及开放包容透明的亚太地区安全架构。
（十五）支持二十国集团在全球经济治理和国际经济合作中发挥引领作用。致力于落实二十国集团历届峰会成果，坚持多边主义，构建开放型世界经济，维护并推动以世贸组织为核心、以规则为基础的多边贸易体制，反对包括单边贸易制裁在内的单边主义和保护主义，推进结构改革、数字经济、新技术应用、电子商务、可持续发展、气候变化、基础设施互联互通、国际金融体系改革、支持中小微企业、巩固全球价值链等领域国际合作，推动世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡、包容增长。推动金砖国家进一步加强在二十国集团事务中的协调合作。
（十六）坚持构建开放型亚太经济的大方向，推动亚太经合组织各领域合作取得积极务实成果，以世贸组织准则和原则为基础，促进亚太地区国家开展自由贸易，发展主要区域一体化平台协作，全面实施互联互通蓝图，促进数字经济发展，建设亚太自由贸易区，共同规划好2020年后合作愿景。
（十七）坚持朝鲜半岛无核化目标，强调对话协商是解决半岛问题的唯一有效途径。双方欢迎2018年以来朝鲜半岛形势发生的重大积极变化，积极评价有关各方为此作出的努力。认为政治解决半岛问题应坚持无核化换安全与发展的目标，综合平衡解决各方关切，并行推进半岛无核化和建立半岛和平机制。支持朝美保持对话，相向而行，推动对话不断取得进展。支持朝韩改善关系，继续推进和解合作。中俄将继续为推动政治解决半岛问题及建立本地区和平与安全机制作出建设性努力，愿共同推动安理会发挥应有积极作用。
（十八）强调叙利亚问题只能通过政治和外交手段解决，根据安理会第2254号决议，重申支持叙利亚主权、独立、统一和领土完整。尽快启动宪法委员会工作，通过联合国推动的“叙人主导、叙人所有”的包容性政治进程，寻求兼顾各方合理关切的政治解决方案。中俄欢迎阿斯塔纳担保国在改善叙利亚局势方面所作努力，重申应打击叙利亚境内包括被联合国安理会列名恐怖组织在内的所有恐怖组织，强调叙利亚重建的迫切性，就排雷等向叙提供协助，并愿就此加强沟通协调，强调难民尽快回国和境内流离失所者重返家园的重要性。
（十九）伊朗核问题全面协议的意义重大、不可替代，根据联合国安理会第2231号决议和《联合国宪章》第25条规定，坚定支持稳步、全面落实有关协议。双方高度评价伊朗严格执行伊核问题全面协议所有相关要求并得到国际原子能机构多次确认，期待伊朗核问题全面协议参与方同样认真负责地对待自身义务，以如期全面达成协议的崇高目标。双方强调，必须维护对伊互利经贸合作，重申坚决反对任何国家以本国法律为由实施单边制裁和“长臂管辖”。
（二十）继续在双边和多边框架内密切协作，推动阿富汗民族和解与局势稳定。
（二十一）就拉美事务保持磋商，在各自发展同拉美和加勒比国家关系过程中重视加强沟通协作，进一步作出共同努力，促进该地区稳定繁荣。密切关注委内瑞拉局势发展，呼吁各方恪守《联合国宪章》、国际法和国际关系准则，坚持不干涉内政原则，推动有关问题通过包容政治对话和平解决，反对对委内瑞拉进行军事干涉。
（二十二）就非洲事务加强沟通协调，维护国际对非合作的积极、健康氛围，共同为非洲和平与发展作出更大贡献。在充分尊重非洲国家意愿和循序渐进基础上，继续探讨开展在非三方合作。
（二十三）强调巴勒斯坦问题是中东地区诸多问题的根源，支持建立以1967年边界为基础、以东耶路撒冷为首都、拥有完全主权的、独立、具有发展前景的巴勒斯坦国。呼吁有关各方避免采取有损“两国方案”前景的行动，在联合国有关决议、马德里原则、“阿拉伯和平倡议”等现行国际法基础上，通过政治和外交途径，推动早日恢复谈判，实现中东问题的全面、公正、持久解决。
中华人民共和国主席 俄罗斯联邦总统
习近平（签字） 弗·弗·普京（签字）
二○一九年六月五日于莫斯科
（新华社莫斯科6月5日电）
《 人民日报 》（ 2019年06月06日 02 版）
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