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An essential objective of Chinese authorities in the new era is to move away from an exports driven economic model of development of productive forces, to one that pivots toward the development of internal markets under the guidance of the political vanguard and instrumentalized as a tool for the achievement of the political objectives of the nation. The shift reflects the movement from the principal contradiction of the Deng Xiaoping Era (grounded on economic development and connectivity through economic production) to the principal contradiction of the New Era that emerged from the time of the leadership of Xi Jinping (centered on the more equitable distribution of wealth generated from the development of productive forces and the development of cultural and social wealth).
It is far easier, however, to decree the realignment of macro-economic development, and its values and objectives; it is quite another to fully implement that transformed ideal. A critical element in that transformation touches on the development of an institutional structure for the operation of a unified national market. In the United States the process of national unification of markets took almost a century and required both direction from the state, cultural changes about the value of transactions and the meaning of internal borders, and a series of key judicial decisions about the allocation of authority over the management of the national economy. China faces a number of different obstacles. The difference, of course, is both a function of the context of Chinese economic development, technology, and the political-economic model through which unification and markets characteristics can be understood and developed.
Under the Chinese model, guidance of the central authorities is an essential element of change. And that guidance must reflect both the leadership of the political center (the Chinese Communist Party and its core of leadership),and the more functionally directed orientation of the administrative authorities (and their core leadership organs). That guidance is conceptual (the meaning of essential terms, the alignment of terms to core political values, and the connection between the market and the political system). In China, the relationship between politics, and political objectives, and economics is in some respects quite distinct conceptually at least from that in liberal democracies. Politics, of course (however denominated) always shapes economics; but economics also shapes politics in both systems. Yet there is a difference in focus and values. It might be useful to frame the differences, if only horribly crudely, this way: in some respects politics serves markets in liberal democracies (at least in the sense of providing structures for the protection of market integrity), though markets and market values are informed informed by and through political discourse. Likewise, in a Chinese Marxist Leninist conceptual universe, markets serve politics, and politics serves the vanguard in its core objectives of people centered transformation of society leading toward the establishment of a communist society (only possible when wealth is great enough to be irrelevant as a factor of social organization). Markets are the vehicle for the production of that wealth (and now for the structures of its distribution). Markets are not ends in themselves, but the means of achieving larger objectives under the leadership of the vanguard; and wealth is produced for social and political ends.
It is with the in mind that one can better understand the recently distributed White Paper: 中共中央 国务院关于加快建设全国统一大市场的意见 (Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Construction of a Large Unified National Market). The object, of course, is not merely to conceptualize a national market on liberal democratic terms, but rather to better develop a concept of a unified market as a more perfect instrument of political objectives related to the challenges of the principal contradiction of the New Era--wealth production (broadly defined) and its better distribution. A secondary, but also important object, is to reframe instrumentalized market strategies from its focus on outbound activity, to the construction and internal markets and self-generating wealth creation. Both are necessary given the great transformations of the global economic order after 2013--the de facto rejection of convergence and singular integration, for a hub and spoke model of integration from a principal hub through spokes defined by control of production and resource chains.
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For those interested in the details, and the White Paper is rich in detail worth exploring in a more granular fashion, thew text of 中共中央 国务院关于加快建设全国统一大市场的意见 (Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Construction of a Large Unified National Market) follows below in the original Chinese and in a crude English translation.
中共中央 国务院关于加快建设全国统一大市场的意见
新华社北京4月10日电
中共中央 国务院关于加快建设全国统一大市场的意见
（2022年3月25日）
建设全国统一大市场是构建新发展格局的基础支撑和内在要求。为从全局和战略高度加快建设全国统一大市场，现提出如下意见。
一、总体要求
（一）指导思想。以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届历次全会精神，弘扬伟大建党精神，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，全面深化改革开放，坚持创新驱动发展，推动高质量发展，坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，以满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要为根本目的，统筹发展和安全，充分发挥法治的引领、规范、保障作用，加快建立全国统一的市场制度规则，打破地方保护和市场分割，打通制约经济循环的关键堵点，促进商品要素资源在更大范围内畅通流动，加快建设高效规范、公平竞争、充分开放的全国统一大市场，全面推动我国市场由大到强转变，为建设高标准市场体系、构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制提供坚强支撑。
（二）工作原则
——立足内需，畅通循环。以高质量供给创造和引领需求，使生产、分配、流通、消费各环节更加畅通，提高市场运行效率，进一步巩固和扩展市场资源优势，使建设超大规模的国内市场成为一个可持续的历史过程。
——立破并举，完善制度。从制度建设着眼，明确阶段性目标要求，压茬推进统一市场建设，同时坚持问题导向，着力解决突出矛盾和问题，加快清理废除妨碍统一市场和公平竞争的各种规定和做法，破除各种封闭小市场、自我小循环。
——有效市场，有为政府。坚持市场化、法治化原则，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，强化竞争政策基础地位，加快转变政府职能，用足用好超大规模市场优势，让需求更好地引领优化供给，让供给更好地服务扩大需求，以统一大市场集聚资源、推动增长、激励创新、优化分工、促进竞争。
——系统协同，稳妥推进。不断提高政策的统一性、规则的一致性、执行的协同性，科学把握市场规模、结构、组织、空间、环境和机制建设的步骤与进度，坚持放管结合、放管并重，提升政府监管效能，增强在开放环境中动态维护市场稳定、经济安全的能力，有序扩大统一大市场的影响力和辐射力。
（三）主要目标
——持续推动国内市场高效畅通和规模拓展。发挥市场促进竞争、深化分工等优势，进一步打通市场效率提升、劳动生产率提高、居民收入增加、市场主体壮大、供给质量提升、需求优化升级之间的通道，努力形成供需互促、产销并进、畅通高效的国内大循环，扩大市场规模容量，不断培育发展强大国内市场，保持和增强对全球企业、资源的强大吸引力。
——加快营造稳定公平透明可预期的营商环境。以市场主体需求为导向，力行简政之道，坚持依法行政，公平公正监管，持续优化服务，加快打造市场化法治化国际化营商环境。充分发挥各地区比较优势，因地制宜为各类市场主体投资兴业营造良好生态。
——进一步降低市场交易成本。发挥市场的规模效应和集聚效应，加强和改进反垄断反不正当竞争执法司法，破除妨碍各种生产要素市场化配置和商品服务流通的体制机制障碍，降低制度性交易成本。促进现代流通体系建设，降低全社会流通成本。
——促进科技创新和产业升级。发挥超大规模市场具有丰富应用场景和放大创新收益的优势，通过市场需求引导创新资源有效配置，促进创新要素有序流动和合理配置，完善促进自主创新成果市场化应用的体制机制，支撑科技创新和新兴产业发展。
——培育参与国际竞争合作新优势。以国内大循环和统一大市场为支撑，有效利用全球要素和市场资源，使国内市场与国际市场更好联通。推动制度型开放，增强在全球产业链供应链创新链中的影响力，提升在国际经济治理中的话语权。
二、强化市场基础制度规则统一
（四）完善统一的产权保护制度。完善依法平等保护各种所有制经济产权的制度体系。健全统一规范的涉产权纠纷案件执法司法体系，强化执法司法部门协同，进一步规范执法领域涉产权强制措施规则和程序，进一步明确和统一行政执法、司法裁判标准，健全行政执法与刑事司法双向衔接机制，依法保护企业产权及企业家人身财产安全。推动知识产权诉讼制度创新，完善知识产权法院跨区域管辖制度，畅通知识产权诉讼与仲裁、调解的对接机制。
（五）实行统一的市场准入制度。严格落实“全国一张清单”管理模式，严禁各地区各部门自行发布具有市场准入性质的负面清单，维护市场准入负面清单制度的统一性、严肃性、权威性。研究完善市场准入效能评估指标，稳步开展市场准入效能评估。依法开展市场主体登记注册工作，建立全国统一的登记注册数据标准和企业名称自主申报行业字词库，逐步实现经营范围登记的统一表述。制定全国通用性资格清单，统一规范评价程序及管理办法，提升全国互通互认互用效力。
（六）维护统一的公平竞争制度。坚持对各类市场主体一视同仁、平等对待。健全公平竞争制度框架和政策实施机制，建立公平竞争政策与产业政策协调保障机制，优化完善产业政策实施方式。健全反垄断法律规则体系，加快推动修改反垄断法、反不正当竞争法，完善公平竞争审查制度，研究重点领域和行业性审查规则，健全审查机制，统一审查标准，规范审查程序，提高审查效能。
（七）健全统一的社会信用制度。编制出台全国公共信用信息基础目录，完善信用信息标准，建立公共信用信息同金融信息共享整合机制，形成覆盖全部信用主体、所有信用信息类别、全国所有区域的信用信息网络。建立健全以信用为基础的新型监管机制，全面推广信用承诺制度，建立企业信用状况综合评价体系，以信用风险为导向优化配置监管资源，依法依规编制出台全国失信惩戒措施基础清单。健全守信激励和失信惩戒机制，将失信惩戒和惩治腐败相结合。完善信用修复机制。加快推进社会信用立法。
三、推进市场设施高标准联通
（八）建设现代流通网络。优化商贸流通基础设施布局，加快数字化建设，推动线上线下融合发展，形成更多商贸流通新平台新业态新模式。推动国家物流枢纽网络建设，大力发展多式联运，推广标准化托盘带板运输模式。大力发展第三方物流，支持数字化第三方物流交付平台建设，推动第三方物流产业科技和商业模式创新，培育一批有全球影响力的数字化平台企业和供应链企业，促进全社会物流降本增效。加强应急物流体系建设，提升灾害高风险区域交通运输设施、物流站点等设防水平和承灾能力，积极防范粮食、能源等重要产品供应短缺风险。完善国家综合立体交通网，推进多层次一体化综合交通枢纽建设，推动交通运输设施跨区域一体化发展。建立健全城乡融合、区域联通、安全高效的电信、能源等基础设施网络。
（九）完善市场信息交互渠道。统一产权交易信息发布机制，实现全国产权交易市场联通。优化行业公告公示等重要信息发布渠道，推动各领域市场公共信息互通共享。优化市场主体信息公示，便利市场主体信息互联互通。推进同类型及同目的信息认证平台统一接口建设，完善接口标准，促进市场信息流动和高效使用。依法公开市场主体、投资项目、产量、产能等信息，引导供需动态平衡。
（十）推动交易平台优化升级。深化公共资源交易平台整合共享，研究明确各类公共资源交易纳入统一平台体系的标准和方式。坚持应进必进的原则要求，落实和完善“管办分离”制度，将公共资源交易平台覆盖范围扩大到适合以市场化方式配置的各类公共资源，加快推进公共资源交易全流程电子化，积极破除公共资源交易领域的区域壁垒。加快推动商品市场数字化改造和智能化升级，鼓励打造综合性商品交易平台。加快推进大宗商品期现货市场建设，不断完善交易规则。鼓励交易平台与金融机构、中介机构合作，依法发展涵盖产权界定、价格评估、担保、保险等业务的综合服务体系。
四、打造统一的要素和资源市场
（十一）健全城乡统一的土地和劳动力市场。统筹增量建设用地与存量建设用地，实行统一规划，强化统一管理。完善城乡建设用地增减挂钩节余指标、补充耕地指标跨区域交易机制。完善全国统一的建设用地使用权转让、出租、抵押二级市场。健全统一规范的人力资源市场体系，促进劳动力、人才跨地区顺畅流动。完善财政转移支付和城镇新增建设用地规模与农业转移人口市民化挂钩政策。
（十二）加快发展统一的资本市场。统一动产和权利担保登记，依法发展动产融资。强化重要金融基础设施建设与统筹监管，统一监管标准，健全准入管理。选择运行安全规范、风险管理能力较强的区域性股权市场，开展制度和业务创新试点，加强区域性股权市场和全国性证券市场板块间的合作衔接。推动债券市场基础设施互联互通，实现债券市场要素自由流动。发展供应链金融，提供直达各流通环节经营主体的金融产品。加大对资本市场的监督力度，健全权责清晰、分工明确、运行顺畅的监管体系，筑牢防范系统性金融风险安全底线。坚持金融服务实体经济，防止脱实向虚。为资本设置“红绿灯”，防止资本无序扩张。
（十三）加快培育统一的技术和数据市场。建立健全全国性技术交易市场，完善知识产权评估与交易机制，推动各地技术交易市场互联互通。完善科技资源共享服务体系，鼓励不同区域之间科技信息交流互动，推动重大科研基础设施和仪器设备开放共享，加大科技领域国际合作力度。加快培育数据要素市场，建立健全数据安全、权利保护、跨境传输管理、交易流通、开放共享、安全认证等基础制度和标准规范，深入开展数据资源调查，推动数据资源开发利用。
（十四）建设全国统一的能源市场。在有效保障能源安全供应的前提下，结合实现碳达峰碳中和目标任务，有序推进全国能源市场建设。在统筹规划、优化布局基础上，健全油气期货产品体系，规范油气交易中心建设，优化交易场所、交割库等重点基础设施布局。推动油气管网设施互联互通并向各类市场主体公平开放。稳妥推进天然气市场化改革，加快建立统一的天然气能量计量计价体系。健全多层次统一电力市场体系，研究推动适时组建全国电力交易中心。进一步发挥全国煤炭交易中心作用，推动完善全国统一的煤炭交易市场。
（十五）培育发展全国统一的生态环境市场。依托公共资源交易平台，建设全国统一的碳排放权、用水权交易市场，实行统一规范的行业标准、交易监管机制。推进排污权、用能权市场化交易，探索建立初始分配、有偿使用、市场交易、纠纷解决、配套服务等制度。推动绿色产品认证与标识体系建设，促进绿色生产和绿色消费。
五、推进商品和服务市场高水平统一
（十六）健全商品质量体系。建立健全质量分级制度，广泛开展质量管理体系升级行动，加强全供应链、全产业链、产品全生命周期管理。深化质量认证制度改革，支持社会力量开展检验检测业务，探索推进计量区域中心、国家产品质量检验检测中心建设，推动认证结果跨行业跨区域互通互认。推动重点领域主要消费品质量标准与国际接轨，深化质量认证国际合作互认，实施产品伤害监测和预防干预，完善质量统计监测体系。推进内外贸产品同线同标同质。进一步巩固拓展中国品牌日活动等品牌发展交流平台，提高中国品牌影响力和认知度。
（十七）完善标准和计量体系。优化政府颁布标准与市场自主制定标准结构，对国家标准和行业标准进行整合精简。强化标准验证、实施、监督，健全现代流通、大数据、人工智能、区块链、第五代移动通信（5G）、物联网、储能等领域标准体系。深入开展人工智能社会实验，推动制定智能社会治理相关标准。推动统一智能家居、安防等领域标准，探索建立智能设备标识制度。加快制定面部识别、指静脉、虹膜等智能化识别系统的全国统一标准和安全规范。紧贴战略性新兴产业、高新技术产业、先进制造业等重点领域需求，突破一批关键测量技术，研制一批新型标准物质，不断完善国家计量体系。促进内外资企业公平参与我国标准化工作，提高标准制定修订的透明度和开放度。开展标准、计量等国际交流合作。加强标准必要专利国际化建设，积极参与并推动国际知识产权规则形成。
（十八）全面提升消费服务质量。改善消费环境，强化消费者权益保护。加快完善并严格执行缺陷产品召回制度，推动跨国跨地区经营的市场主体为消费者提供统一便捷的售后服务，进一步畅通商品异地、异店退换货通道，提升消费者售后体验。畅通消费者投诉举报渠道，优化消费纠纷解决流程与反馈机制，探索推进消费者权益保护工作部门间衔接联动机制。建立完善消费投诉信息公示制度，促进消费纠纷源头治理。完善服务市场预付式消费管理办法。围绕住房、教育培训、医疗卫生、养老托育等重点民生领域，推动形成公开的消费者权益保护事项清单，完善纠纷协商处理办法。
六、推进市场监管公平统一
（十九）健全统一市场监管规则。加强市场监管行政立法工作，完善市场监管程序，加强市场监管标准化规范化建设，依法公开监管标准和规则，增强市场监管制度和政策的稳定性、可预期性。对食品药品安全等直接关系群众健康和生命安全的重点领域，落实最严谨标准、最严格监管、最严厉处罚、最严肃问责。对互联网医疗、线上教育培训、在线娱乐等新业态，推进线上线下一体化监管。加强对工程建设领域统一公正监管，依纪依法严厉查处违纪违法行为。强化重要工业产品风险监测和监督抽查，督促企业落实质量安全主体责任。充分发挥行业协会商会作用，建立有效的政企沟通机制，形成政府监管、平台自律、行业自治、社会监督的多元治理新模式。
（二十）强化统一市场监管执法。推进维护统一市场综合执法能力建设，加强知识产权保护、反垄断、反不正当竞争执法力量。强化部门联动，建立综合监管部门和行业监管部门联动的工作机制，统筹执法资源，减少执法层级，统一执法标准和程序，规范执法行为，减少自由裁量权，促进公平公正执法，提高综合执法效能，探索在有关行业领域依法建立授权委托监管执法方式。鼓励跨行政区域按规定联合发布统一监管政策法规及标准规范，积极开展联动执法，创新联合监管模式，加强调查取证和案件处置合作。
（二十一）全面提升市场监管能力。深化简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革，完善“双随机、一公开”监管、信用监管、“互联网+监管”、跨部门协同监管等方式，加强各类监管的衔接配合。充分利用大数据等技术手段，加快推进智慧监管，提升市场监管政务服务、网络交易监管、消费者权益保护、重点产品追溯等方面跨省通办、共享协作的信息化水平。建立健全跨行政区域网络监管协作机制，鼓励行业协会商会、新闻媒体、消费者和公众共同开展监督评议。对新业态新模式坚持监管规范和促进发展并重，及时补齐法规和标准空缺。
七、进一步规范不当市场竞争和市场干预行为
（二十二）着力强化反垄断。完善垄断行为认定法律规则，健全经营者集中分类分级反垄断审查制度。破除平台企业数据垄断等问题，防止利用数据、算法、技术手段等方式排除、限制竞争。加强对金融、传媒、科技、民生等领域和涉及初创企业、新业态、劳动密集型行业的经营者集中审查，提高审查质量和效率，强化垄断风险识别、预警、防范。稳步推进自然垄断行业改革，加强对电网、油气管网等网络型自然垄断环节的监管。加强对创新型中小企业原始创新和知识产权的保护。
（二十三）依法查处不正当竞争行为。对市场主体、消费者反映强烈的重点行业和领域，加强全链条竞争监管执法，以公正监管保障公平竞争。加强对平台经济、共享经济等新业态领域不正当竞争行为的规制，整治网络黑灰产业链条，治理新型网络不正当竞争行为。健全跨部门跨行政区域的反不正当竞争执法信息共享、协作联动机制，提高执法的统一性、权威性、协调性。构建跨行政区域的反不正当竞争案件移送、执法协助、联合执法机制，针对新型、疑难、典型案件畅通会商渠道、互通裁量标准。
（二十四）破除地方保护和区域壁垒。指导各地区综合比较优势、资源环境承载能力、产业基础、防灾避险能力等因素，找准自身功能定位，力戒贪大求洋、低层次重复建设和过度同质竞争，不搞“小而全”的自我小循环，更不能以“内循环”的名义搞地区封锁。建立涉企优惠政策目录清单并及时向社会公开，及时清理废除各地区含有地方保护、市场分割、指定交易等妨碍统一市场和公平竞争的政策，全面清理歧视外资企业和外地企业、实行地方保护的各类优惠政策，对新出台政策严格开展公平竞争审查。加强地区间产业转移项目协调合作，建立重大问题协调解决机制，推动产业合理布局、分工进一步优化。鼓励各地区持续优化营商环境，依法开展招商引资活动，防止招商引资恶性竞争行为，以优质的制度供给和制度创新吸引更多优质企业投资。
（二十五）清理废除妨碍依法平等准入和退出的规定做法。除法律法规明确规定外，不得要求企业必须在某地登记注册，不得为企业跨区域经营或迁移设置障碍。不得设置不合理和歧视性的准入、退出条件以限制商品服务、要素资源自由流动。不得以备案、注册、年检、认定、认证、指定、要求设立分公司等形式设定或者变相设定准入障碍。不得在资质认定、业务许可等方面，对外地企业设定明显高于本地经营者的资质要求、技术要求、检验标准或评审标准。清理规范行政审批、许可、备案等政务服务事项的前置条件和审批标准，不得将政务服务事项转为中介服务事项，没有法律法规依据不得在政务服务前要求企业自行检测、检验、认证、鉴定、公证以及提供证明等，不得搞变相审批、有偿服务。未经公平竞争不得授予经营者特许经营权，不得限定经营、购买、使用特定经营者提供的商品和服务。
（二十六）持续清理招标采购领域违反统一市场建设的规定和做法。制定招标投标和政府采购制度规则要严格按照国家有关规定进行公平竞争审查、合法性审核。招标投标和政府采购中严禁违法限定或者指定特定的专利、商标、品牌、零部件、原产地、供应商，不得违法设定与招标采购项目具体特点和实际需要不相适应的资格、技术、商务条件等。不得违法限定投标人所在地、所有制形式、组织形式，或者设定其他不合理的条件以排斥、限制经营者参与投标采购活动。深入推进招标投标全流程电子化，加快完善电子招标投标制度规则、技术标准，推动优质评标专家等资源跨地区跨行业共享。
八、组织实施保障
（二十七）加强党的领导。各地区各部门要充分认识建设全国统一大市场对于构建新发展格局的重要意义，切实把思想和行动统一到党中央决策部署上来，做到全国一盘棋，统一大市场，畅通大循环，确保各项重点任务落到实处。
（二十八）完善激励约束机制。探索研究全国统一大市场建设标准指南，对积极推动落实全国统一大市场建设、取得突出成效的地区可按国家有关规定予以奖励。动态发布不当干预全国统一大市场建设问题清单，建立典型案例通报约谈和问题整改制度，着力解决妨碍全国统一大市场建设的不当市场干预和不当竞争行为问题。
（二十九）优先推进区域协作。结合区域重大战略、区域协调发展战略实施，鼓励京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区以及成渝地区双城经济圈、长江中游城市群等区域，在维护全国统一大市场前提下，优先开展区域市场一体化建设工作，建立健全区域合作机制，积极总结并复制推广典型经验和做法。
（三十）形成工作合力。各地区各部门要根据职责分工，不折不扣落实本意见要求，对本地区本部门是否存在妨碍全国统一大市场建设的规定和实际情况开展自查清理。国家发展改革委、市场监管总局会同有关部门建立健全促进全国统一大市场建设的部门协调机制，加大统筹协调力度，强化跟踪评估，及时督促检查，推动各方抓好贯彻落实。加强宣传引导和舆论监督，为全国统一大市场建设营造良好社会氛围。重大事项及时向党中央、国务院请示报告。
Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Construction of a Large Unified National Market
Source: Xinhua|
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Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 10th.
Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Accelerating the Construction of a Large Unified National Market
(March 25, 2022)
Building a unified national market is the basic support and inherent requirement for building a new development pattern. In order to accelerate the construction of a unified national market from an overall and strategic perspective, the following opinions are hereby offered.
1. General requirements
(1) Guiding ideology. Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and all the 19th Plenary Sessions, carry forward the spirit of the great party building, adhere to the general tone of the work of seeking progress while maintaining stability, and fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, Accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, comprehensively deepen reform and opening up, adhere to innovation-driven development, promote high-quality development, adhere to supply-side structural reform as the main line, and meet the people's growing needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose, coordinate development and security, and fully Give play to the role of the rule of law in guiding, regulating, and guaranteeing, speed up the establishment of a unified national market system and rules, break local protection and market segmentation, break through the key blocking points that restrict the economic cycle, promote the smooth flow of commodity factors and resources on a larger scale, and accelerate the construction of high-efficiency Standardized, fair competition, and fully open national unified large market, comprehensively promote the transformation of China's market from large to strong, and provide strong support for the construction of a high-standard market system and a high-level socialist market economic system.
(2) Working principles
——Based on domestic demand, smooth circulation. Create and lead demand with high-quality supply, make production, distribution, circulation, and consumption more smooth, improve market operation efficiency, further consolidate and expand market resource advantages, and make building a super-large domestic market a sustainable historical process.
——Initialize and improve the system at the same time. From the perspective of system construction, clarify the phased goals and requirements, and push forward the construction of a unified market. At the same time, adhere to the problem orientation, focus on solving prominent contradictions and problems, speed up the elimination of various regulations and practices that hinder the unified market and fair competition, and break down various closed doors. Small market, small self-circulation.
——Efficient market, promising government. Adhere to the principles of marketization and the rule of law, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, give better play to the role of the government, strengthen the basic position of competition policy, speed up the transformation of government functions, make full use of the advantages of the super-large market, and make demand better. Lead the optimization of supply, make supply better serve the expansion of demand, gather resources in a unified large market, promote growth, stimulate innovation, optimize the division of labor, and promote competition.
——System coordination and steady progress. Continuously improve the unity of policies, the consistency of rules, and the coordination of implementation, scientifically grasp the steps and progress of market scale, structure, organization, space, environment and mechanism construction, adhere to the combination of delegating and regulating, and give equal attention to both decentralization and regulation, and improve the efficiency of government supervision , enhance the ability to dynamically maintain market stability and economic security in an open environment, and orderly expand the influence and radiation of the unified large market.
(3) Main objectives
——Continue to promote efficient and smooth domestic market and scale expansion. Give full play to the advantages of the market to promote competition and deepen the division of labor, and further open up the channels between the improvement of market efficiency, labor productivity, income growth, market players, supply quality, and demand optimization Efficient domestic circulation, expand market size and capacity, continuously cultivate and develop a strong domestic market, and maintain and enhance the strong attraction to global enterprises and resources.
- Accelerate the creation of a stable, fair, transparent and predictable business environment. Guided by the needs of market players, we will strive to simplify administration, adhere to law-based administration, conduct fair and just supervision, continue to optimize services, and accelerate the creation of a market-oriented, law-based, international business environment. Give full play to the comparative advantages of each region, and create a good ecosystem for various market players to invest and start businesses according to local conditions.
- Further reduce market transaction costs. Give full play to the scale effect and agglomeration effect of the market, strengthen and improve anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition law enforcement and justice, remove institutional and institutional obstacles that hinder the market-based allocation of various production factors and the circulation of goods and services, and reduce institutional transaction costs. Promote the construction of a modern circulation system and reduce the cost of circulation in the whole society.
——Promote technological innovation and industrial upgrading. Give full play to the advantages of the hyper-scale market in enriching application scenarios and amplifying innovation benefits, guide the effective allocation of innovation resources through market demand, promote the orderly flow and rational allocation of innovation elements, improve the system and mechanism for promoting the market-oriented application of independent innovation results, and support scientific and technological innovation and innovation. Emerging industry development.
- Cultivate new advantages in participating in international competition and cooperation. Supported by the domestic circulation and unified market, the effective use of global factors and market resources will enable the domestic market to better connect with the international market. Promote institutional opening, enhance its influence in the global industrial chain and supply chain innovation chain, and enhance its voice in international economic governance.
2. Strengthening the unification of market-based systems and rules
(4) Improve the unified property rights protection system. Improve the institutional system for equal protection of economic property rights of all types of ownership in accordance with the law. Improve a unified and standardized law enforcement and judicial system for cases involving property rights disputes, strengthen the coordination of law enforcement and judicial departments, further standardize the rules and procedures for compulsory measures involving property rights in the field of law enforcement, further clarify and unify the standards for administrative law enforcement and judicial adjudication, and improve the two-way linkage mechanism between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice , protect the property rights of enterprises and the personal and property safety of entrepreneurs in accordance with the law. Promote the innovation of the intellectual property litigation system, improve the cross-regional jurisdiction system of intellectual property courts, and smooth the connection mechanism between intellectual property litigation, arbitration and mediation.
(5) Implement a unified market access system. Strictly implement the "one national list" management model, strictly prohibit all regions and departments from issuing negative lists with a market access nature on their own, and maintain the uniformity, seriousness and authority of the market access negative list system. Research and improve market access efficiency evaluation indicators, and steadily carry out market access efficiency evaluation. Carry out the registration of market entities in accordance with the law, establish a national unified registration data standard and an industry word database for independent declaration of enterprise names, and gradually realize a unified expression of business scope registration. Formulate a national general qualification list, standardize evaluation procedures and management methods, and improve the effectiveness of national mutual recognition and mutual use.
(6) Maintain a unified and fair competition system. Adhere to the equal treatment and equal treatment of various market entities. Improve the fair competition institutional framework and policy implementation mechanism, establish a coordination guarantee mechanism for fair competition policies and industrial policies, and optimize and improve the implementation of industrial policies. Improve the system of anti-monopoly laws and rules, accelerate the revision of the anti-monopoly law and the anti-unfair competition law, improve the fair competition review system, study key areas and industry-specific review rules, improve the review mechanism, unify review standards, standardize review procedures, and improve review efficiency. .
(7) Improve a unified social credit system. Compile and issue a national basic catalog of public credit information, improve credit information standards, establish a mechanism for sharing and integrating public credit information and financial information, and form a credit information network covering all credit subjects, all types of credit information, and all regions of the country. Establish and improve a new credit-based regulatory mechanism, comprehensively promote the credit commitment system, establish a comprehensive evaluation system for corporate credit status, optimize the allocation of regulatory resources based on credit risk, and compile and publish a national basic list of disciplinary measures for dishonesty in accordance with laws and regulations. Improve the incentives for trustworthiness and punishment for dishonesty, and combine punishment for dishonesty with punishment of corruption. Improve the credit repair mechanism. Accelerate the promotion of social credit legislation.
3. Promote high-standard connectivity of market facilities
(8) Build a modern circulation network. Optimize the layout of commercial and trade circulation infrastructure, accelerate digital construction, promote the integrated development of online and offline, and form more new platforms, new formats and new models of commercial and trade circulation. Promote the construction of the national logistics hub network, vigorously develop multimodal transportation, and promote the standardized pallet and plate transportation mode. Vigorously develop third-party logistics, support the construction of digital third-party logistics delivery platforms, promote innovation in technology and business models in the third-party logistics industry, cultivate a group of digital platform companies and supply chain companies with global influence, and promote logistics in the whole society to reduce costs and increase efficiency . Strengthen the construction of emergency logistics system, improve the fortification level and disaster-bearing capacity of transportation facilities and logistics sites in high-disaster-risk areas, and actively prevent the risk of shortage of important products such as food and energy. Improve the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, promote the construction of multi-level integrated comprehensive transportation hubs, and promote the integrated development of transportation facilities across regions. Establish and improve urban-rural integration, regional connectivity, safe and efficient telecommunications, energy and other infrastructure networks.
(9) Improve market information exchange channels. Unify the property rights transaction information release mechanism to realize the connection of the national property rights transaction market. Optimize industry announcements and other important information release channels, and promote the exchange and sharing of market public information in various fields. Optimizing the information disclosure of market players to facilitate the interconnection of market players' information. Promote the unified interface construction of information authentication platforms of the same type and the same purpose, improve interface standards, and promote the flow and efficient use of market information. Information such as market entities, investment projects, output, and production capacity shall be disclosed in accordance with the law to guide the dynamic balance between supply and demand.
(10) Promote the optimization and upgrading of the trading platform. Deepen the integration and sharing of public resource trading platforms, and study and clarify the standards and methods for incorporating various types of public resource trading into the unified platform system. Adhere to the principle of "progress must be advanced", implement and improve the "separation of management and management" system, expand the coverage of public resource trading platforms to various types of public resources that are suitable for market-based allocation, and accelerate the electronicization of the entire process of public resource trading. Actively break down regional barriers in the field of public resource transactions. Accelerate the promotion of digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of commodity markets, and encourage the creation of comprehensive commodity trading platforms. Accelerate the construction of the commodity futures spot market, and continuously improve the trading rules. Encourage trading platforms to cooperate with financial institutions and intermediaries to develop a comprehensive service system covering property rights definition, price evaluation, guarantee, insurance and other businesses in accordance with the law.
4. Create a unified market for factors and resources
(11) Improve the unified land and labor market in urban and rural areas. Coordinate incremental construction land and stock construction land, implement unified planning, and strengthen unified management. Improve the cross-regional transaction mechanism for linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land to the surplus index and supplementary cultivated land index. Improve the national unified secondary market for the transfer, leasing and mortgage of construction land use rights. Improve the unified and standardized human resources market system to promote the smooth flow of labor and talents across regions. Improve the policy of linking fiscal transfer payment and the scale of new urban construction land with the urbanization of agricultural transfer population.
(12) Accelerate the development of a unified capital market. Unify the registration of movable property and rights guarantee, and develop movable property financing according to law. Strengthen the construction and overall supervision of important financial infrastructure, unify supervision standards, and improve access management. Select regional equity markets with safe and standardized operation and strong risk management capabilities, carry out pilot systems and business innovations, and strengthen cooperation between regional equity markets and national securities market sectors. Promote the interconnection of bond market infrastructure and realize the free flow of bond market factors. Develop supply chain finance, and provide financial products that can directly reach the main business entities of various circulation links. Strengthen the supervision of the capital market, improve the supervision system with clear rights and responsibilities, clear division of labor, and smooth operation, and build a strong safety bottom line for preventing systemic financial risks. Adhere to financial services for the real economy, and prevent from deviating from the real to the virtual. Set up "traffic lights" for capital to prevent disorderly expansion of capital.
(13) Accelerate the cultivation of a unified technology and data market. Establish and improve the national technology trading market, improve the intellectual property evaluation and trading mechanism, and promote the interconnection of technology trading markets in various regions. Improve the scientific and technological resource sharing service system, encourage the exchange and interaction of scientific and technological information between different regions, promote the opening and sharing of major scientific research infrastructure and equipment, and increase international cooperation in the field of science and technology. Accelerate the cultivation of the data element market, establish and improve basic systems and standards for data security, rights protection, cross-border transmission management, transaction circulation, open sharing, security certification, etc., conduct in-depth data resource investigations, and promote data resource development and utilization.
(14) Build a unified national energy market. On the premise of effectively guaranteeing the supply of energy security, combined with the goal of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the construction of the national energy market will be promoted in an orderly manner. On the basis of overall planning and optimized layout, improve the oil and gas futures product system, standardize the construction of oil and gas trading centers, and optimize the layout of key infrastructure such as trading venues and delivery warehouses. Promote the interconnection of oil and gas pipeline network facilities and open them to various market players fairly. Steadily promote the market-oriented reform of natural gas, and accelerate the establishment of a unified natural gas energy measurement and pricing system. Improve the multi-level unified power market system, study and promote the establishment of a national power trading center in a timely manner. Further play the role of the national coal trading center, and promote the improvement of a unified national coal trading market.
(15) Cultivate and develop a unified national ecological environment market. Relying on the public resource trading platform, build a unified national carbon emission rights and water rights trading market, and implement unified and standardized industry standards and trading supervision mechanisms. Promote market-based trading of emission rights and energy use rights, and explore the establishment of systems for initial distribution, paid use, market transactions, dispute resolution, and supporting services. Promote the construction of green product certification and labeling systems, and promote green production and green consumption.
5. Promote high-level unification of goods and service markets
(16) Improve the commodity quality system. Establish and improve the quality grading system, extensively carry out quality management system upgrades, and strengthen the management of the entire supply chain, the entire industrial chain, and the entire life cycle of products. Deepen the reform of the quality certification system, support social forces to carry out inspection and testing business, explore and promote the construction of measurement regional centers and national product quality inspection and testing centers, and promote cross-industry and cross-regional mutual recognition of certification results. Promote the quality standards of major consumer goods in key areas to be in line with international standards, deepen international cooperation and mutual recognition of quality certification, implement product injury monitoring and preventive intervention, and improve the quality statistical monitoring system. Promote domestic and foreign products of the same line, the same standard and the same quality. Further consolidate and expand brand development and communication platforms such as China Brand Day activities to improve the influence and recognition of Chinese brands.
(17) Improve the standard and measurement system. Optimize the structure of government-promulgated standards and independent market-setting standards, and integrate and streamline national standards and industry standards. Strengthen standard verification, implementation, and supervision, and improve standard systems in the fields of modern circulation, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, fifth-generation mobile communications (5G), Internet of Things, and energy storage. Carry out in-depth artificial intelligence social experiments, and promote the formulation of relevant standards for intelligent social governance. Promote the unification of standards in the fields of smart home and security, and explore the establishment of a smart device identification system. Speed up the formulation of national unified standards and safety norms for facial recognition, finger vein, iris and other intelligent recognition systems. Close to the needs of key fields such as strategic emerging industries, high-tech industries, and advanced manufacturing, make breakthroughs in a number of key measurement technologies, develop a number of new standard materials, and continuously improve the national measurement system. Promote the fair participation of domestic and foreign enterprises in my country's standardization work, and improve the transparency and openness of standard formulation and revision. Carry out international exchanges and cooperation in standards and measurement. Strengthen the internationalization of standard-essential patents, and actively participate in and promote the formation of international intellectual property rules.
(18) Comprehensively improve the quality of consumer services. Improve the consumption environment and strengthen the protection of consumers' rights and interests. Accelerate the improvement and strict implementation of the defective product recall system, promote cross-border and cross-regional market entities to provide consumers with unified and convenient after-sales service, further smooth the return and exchange channels for products in different places and stores, and improve the after-sales service of consumers. test. Unblock channels for consumer complaints and reports, optimize consumer dispute resolution processes and feedback mechanisms, and explore a linkage mechanism for promoting consumer rights protection work departments. Establish and improve the publicity system of consumer complaint information, and promote the governance of the source of consumer disputes. Improve the management measures for prepaid consumption in the service market. Focusing on key livelihood areas such as housing, education and training, medical and health care, and elderly care, promote the formation of a public list of consumer rights protection matters, and improve the negotiation and handling of disputes.
6. Promote fair and unified market supervision
(19) Improve and unify market supervision rules. Strengthen the administrative and legislative work of market supervision, improve market supervision procedures, strengthen the standardization and standardization of market supervision, disclose supervision standards and rules in accordance with the law, and enhance the stability and predictability of market supervision systems and policies. For food and drug safety and other key areas directly related to people's health and life safety, implement the most rigorous standards, the strictest supervision, the most severe punishments, and the most serious accountability. For new forms of business such as Internet medical care, online education and training, and online entertainment, promote the integrated supervision of online and offline. Strengthen unified and impartial supervision in the field of engineering construction, and strictly investigate and punish violations of discipline and law in accordance with discipline and law. Strengthen the risk monitoring and supervision and spot checks of important industrial products, and urge enterprises to implement the main responsibility for quality and safety. Give full play to the role of industry associations and chambers of commerce, establish an effective government-enterprise communication mechanism, and form a new multi-governance model of government supervision, platform self-discipline, industry autonomy, and social supervision.
(20) Strengthen unified market supervision and law enforcement. Promote the building of comprehensive law enforcement capabilities for maintaining a unified market, and strengthen law enforcement forces for intellectual property protection, anti-monopoly, and anti-unfair competition. Strengthen inter-departmental linkage, establish a working mechanism for the linkage of comprehensive supervision departments and industry supervision departments, coordinate law enforcement resources, reduce law enforcement levels, unify law enforcement standards and procedures, standardize law enforcement behavior, reduce discretionary power, promote fair and just law enforcement, and improve comprehensive law enforcement effectiveness, Explore the establishment of authorized and entrusted supervision and law enforcement methods in relevant industries. Encourage cross-administrative regions to jointly issue unified regulatory policies, regulations, and standards in accordance with regulations, actively carry out joint law enforcement, innovate joint regulatory models, and strengthen cooperation in investigation and evidence collection and case handling.
(21) Comprehensively improve market supervision capabilities. Deepen the reform of streamlining administration and delegating powers, combining delegating power with regulation, optimizing service reforms, improving "double random, one open" supervision, credit supervision, "Internet + supervision", and cross-department collaborative supervision, etc., and strengthen the coordination and cooperation of various types of supervision. Make full use of big data and other technical means, accelerate the promotion of smart supervision, and improve the information level of cross-provincial communication, sharing and collaboration in market supervision, government affairs services, online transaction supervision, consumer rights protection, and key product traceability. Establish and improve a cross-administrative regional network supervision and cooperation mechanism, and encourage industry associations, chambers of commerce, news media, consumers and the public to jointly conduct supervision and evaluation. For new business forms and new models, we will adhere to both regulatory norms and promotion of development, and fill in the vacancies in regulations and standards in a timely manner.
7. Further regulate unfair market competition and market intervention
(22) Focus on strengthening anti-monopoly. Improve the legal rules for the identification of monopolistic behaviors, and improve the anti-monopoly review system for the concentration of operators by classification and grading. Eliminate issues such as data monopoly of platform companies, and prevent the use of data, algorithms, and technical means to exclude and restrict competition. Strengthen the examination of the concentration of operators in the fields of finance, media, science and technology, people's livelihood, and involving start-ups, new business forms, and labor-intensive industries, improve the quality and efficiency of examination, and strengthen the identification, early warning, and prevention of monopoly risks. Steadily promote the reform of natural monopoly industries, and strengthen the supervision of network-based natural monopoly links such as power grids and oil and gas pipeline networks. Strengthen the protection of original innovation and intellectual property rights of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises.
(23) Investigate and punish acts of unfair competition in accordance with the law. For key industries and fields that are strongly reflected by market players and consumers, strengthen the whole-chain competition supervision and law enforcement, and ensure fair competition with fair supervision. Strengthen the regulation of unfair competition in new business fields such as the platform economy and the sharing economy, rectify the online black and gray industrial chain, and manage new types of online unfair competition. Improve the cross-departmental and cross-administrative area anti-unfair competition law enforcement information sharing, cooperation and linkage mechanism, and improve the uniformity, authority, and coordination of law enforcement. Build a cross-administrative region anti-unfair competition case transfer, law enforcement assistance, and joint law enforcement mechanism, smooth consultation channels for new, difficult, and typical cases, and exchange discretionary standards.
(24) Break down local protection and regional barriers. Guide all regions to integrate comparative advantages, resource and environmental carrying capacity, industrial base, disaster prevention and hedging capabilities, and other factors, identify their own functional positioning, and avoid greed, low-level repetitive construction, and excessive homogeneous competition. The "full" self-loop, let alone regional blockade in the name of "internal loop". Establish a list of preferential policies related to enterprises and disclose them to the public in a timely manner, promptly clean up and abolish policies in various regions that impede a unified market and fair competition, including local protection, market segmentation, designated transactions, etc. Various preferential policies, and strictly carry out fair competition review of newly introduced policies. Strengthen the coordination and cooperation of industrial transfer projects between regions, establish a coordination and resolution mechanism for major problems, and promote the rational distribution of industries and further optimization of the division of labor. Encourage all regions to continuously optimize the business environment, carry out investment promotion activities in accordance with the law, prevent vicious competition in investment promotion, and attract more high-quality enterprise investment with high-quality institutional supply and institutional innovation.
(25) Clean up and abolish regulations and practices that impede equal access and exit in accordance with the law. Except as expressly provided by laws and regulations, enterprises shall not be required to register in a certain place, and no obstacles shall be set up for enterprises to operate or relocate across regions. Unreasonable and discriminatory entry and exit conditions shall not be set to restrict the free flow of goods, services and factor resources. Access barriers shall not be set in the form of filing, registration, annual inspection, certification, certification, designation, or requiring the establishment of a branch, or in a disguised form. It is not allowed to set qualification requirements, technical requirements, inspection standards or evaluation standards for foreign enterprises that are significantly higher than local operators in terms of qualification certification, business licensing, etc. Clean up and standardize the preconditions and approval standards for government service matters such as administrative approval, licensing, filing, etc. Government service matters shall not be converted into intermediary service matters, and without legal and regulatory basis, enterprises shall not be required to self-test, inspect, certify, and identify themselves before government services. , notarization, and providing certificates, etc., shall not engage in disguised approval or paid services. Operators shall not be granted franchise rights without fair competition, and shall not restrict the operation, purchase or use of goods and services provided by specific operators.
(26) Continue to clean up the regulations and practices that violate the unified market construction in the field of bidding and procurement. In formulating the rules of bidding and government procurement systems, fair competition review and legality review must be conducted in strict accordance with relevant state regulations. It is strictly forbidden to illegally limit or designate specific patents, trademarks, brands, components, origins, and suppliers in bidding and government procurement, and it is not allowed to illegally set qualifications, technologies, and business that are incompatible with the specific characteristics and actual needs of the bidding and procurement projects. conditions, etc. It is not allowed to illegally limit the location, ownership form, organization form of bidders, or set other unreasonable conditions to exclude or restrict operators from participating in bidding procurement activities. We will further advance the electronization of the whole process of tendering and bidding, accelerate the improvement of the rules and technical standards of the electronic bidding and bidding system, and promote the sharing of resources such as high-quality bid evaluation experts across regions and industries.
8. Organization and implementation of guarantees
(27) Strengthen the leadership of the party. All regions and departments must fully understand the importance of building a unified national market for building a new development pattern, and effectively integrate ideas and actions into the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee, so that the whole country can play a game of chess, unify the large market, unblock the large circulation, and ensure that various Key tasks are implemented.
(28) Improve the incentive and restraint mechanism. Explore and study the standard guidelines for the construction of a large national unified market, and reward regions that actively promote the implementation of the construction of a large national unified market and achieve outstanding results in accordance with relevant national regulations. Dynamically publish a list of problems of improper interference in the construction of a large unified national market, establish a notification, interview and problem rectification system for typical cases, and focus on solving the problems of improper market interference and unfair competition that hinder the construction of a large unified national market.
(29) Prioritize regional cooperation. Combined with the implementation of major regional strategies and coordinated regional development strategies, encourage areas such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, and the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River to give priority to maintaining a unified national market. Carry out the construction of regional market integration, establish and improve regional cooperation mechanisms, and actively summarize and replicate typical experiences and practices.
(30) Form work synergy. All regions and departments shall, according to the division of responsibilities, fully implement the requirements of this Opinion, and conduct self-examination and clean-up on whether there are regulations and actual conditions that hinder the construction of a unified national market in their respective regions and departments. The National Development and Reform Commission and the State Administration for Market Regulation, together with relevant departments, shall establish and improve a departmental coordination mechanism to promote the construction of a unified national market, intensify overall coordination, strengthen follow-up assessments, supervise inspections in a timely manner, and urge all parties to implement them. Strengthen publicity, guidance and public opinion supervision to create a good social atmosphere for the construction of a unified national market. Major matters should be reported to the Party Central Committee and the State Council in a timely manner.
Responsible editor: Hao Yuran
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