The criminalization of sexual assault has also become an issue of general concern. The issues raised go to the heart of two
great trends in U.S jurisprudence. The first is the move toward the
criminalization of behaviors that society, through the state, seeks to
control. The second touches on the value of the use of the criminal law
as an instrument of social and cultural change. A subsidiary issue that is related to the use of the criminal law as an agent for cultural change involves the way that customary rules of process fairness are bent to the greater policy goals.There are many who view
criminalization and the use of law instrumentally, and especially the
criminal law, as a valuable tool for societal progress. There are many
who disagree. Consider the position of 16 Penn Law faculty members wrote this
open letter criticizing aspects of that policy, and of the federal government’s actions.
This
general legal and political conflict has now spilled over into a battle
over the approach and language of any new provision for the
criminalization of sexual assault that is at the heart of the ALI's project,
Model Penal Code: Sexual Assault and Related Offenses.
Purpose:
This project will re-examine Article 213 of the Model Penal Code, which was ahead of its time when approved by the ALI in 1962, but is now outdated and no longer a reliable guide for legislatures and courts.
Status:
Tentative Draft No. 1 was presented to the membership at the 2014 Annual Meeting. As time ran out before the discussion could be concluded, no vote was taken to approve the draft.
Between the 2014 meeting and the upcoming meeting of the ALI, a number of ALI members have raised some objections to the approach to be taken by the project's reporter, Stephen J. Schulhofer and its associate reporter, Erin E. Murphy, both of NYU Law School. These objections go to the heart of the conflicts that go to the policy underlying contemporary efforts to change cultures and control behaviors now understood as sexual assault. Their memo follows.