Reflections on 习近平：在纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利75周年座谈会上的讲话 [Xi Jinping; Speech at a symposium commemorating the 75th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War]

Learn from the past, learn history from the general secretary丨The spirit of the war of resistance is timeless

Things rarely tend to be as they appear--especially when people (important people) speak or write.  Voltaire famously wrote about Persians when he might have been thinking Parisians; now Xi Jinping  takes the moment to commemorate the great victory over Japanese militarism in the middle of the last century to speak about what is rapidly being marketed as its succeeding chapter--the resistance struggle against the United States. The essential features of that resistance were widely reported and crystallized as  習近平5個「絕不答應」(Xi Jinping's 5 Never Promise): 

·任何人任何势力企图歪曲中国共产党的历史、丑化中国共产党的性质和宗旨，中国人民都绝不答应！·The Chinese people will never agree to any attempt by anyone or any force to distort the history of the Chinese Communist Party and vilify the nature and purpose of the Chinese Communist Party!

·任何人任何势力企图歪曲和改变中国特色社会主义道路、否定和丑化中国人民建设社会主义的伟大成就，中国人民都绝不答应！·The Chinese people will never agree to anyone or any force who attempts to distort and change the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, deny or vilify the great achievements of the Chinese people in building socialism!

·任何人任何势力企图把中国共产党和中国人民割裂开来、对立起来，中国人民都绝不答应！·The Chinese people will never agree to anyone or any force who attempts to separate the Communist Party of China from the Chinese people and antagonize them!

·任何人任何势力企图通过霸凌手段把他们的意志强加给中国、改变中国的前进方向、阻挠中国人民创造自己美好生活的努力，中国人民都绝不答应！Anyone or any force that attempts to impose their will on China through bullying, change the direction of China's progress, and obstruct the efforts of the Chinese people in pursuit of a better life, the Chinese people will never agree!

·任何人任何势力企图破坏中国人民的和平生活和发展权利、破坏中国人民同其他国家人民的交流合作、破坏人类和平与发展的崇高事业，中国人民都绝不答应！
Anyone or any force who attempts to undermine the right of the Chinese people to peaceful enjoyment of life and development, undermine the exchanges and cooperation between the Chinese people and the people of other countries, or undermine the noble cause of human peace and development, the Chinese people will never agree!

"Talk About the Meaning of Victory [谈胜利意义]

 

 

That was the essence of a neglected but quite important speech,  习近平：在纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利75周年座谈会上的讲话 [Xi Jinping; Speech at a symposium commemorating the 75th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War]. There was much more to the speech than this, of course, and the discussion of the way in which China approaches its relationship with its former enemy is also quite instructive--yet what may linger long after the rest of the speech is relegated to fodder for theorists-- are the "5 Never Promise" distilled as the essential development of Chinese approaches to its relationships with the rest of the world.  That baseline will affect everything from the character of the legalization of the global economic order (especially through its articulation as the "law" of the Belt and Road Imitative, to the reconstruction of global approaches to human rights and sustainability. Underlying this is the reorientation of the regulatory center of the international community from a leveling internationalism to national liberation.

 

Both the 5 Never Promise and the core insight of the Anti-Japanese War and its national liberation framing also serve as the baseline for what is becoming now (on both ends) the recognition of their renewed respective engagements in great patriotic wars. The Chinese core leadership has now made clear its perspective that it is engaged in a new Anti-Liberal-Democratic war against the United States (now fought in its 5th generation forms of virtually any action but open military conflict. . . . for the moment). To a large extent, these remarks might be understood as part of the response to the by now quite public American expression of the ideology at stake in what the US leadership sees as its great patriotic Anti-Communist war against China (see, The Emerging Ideology of U.S. China Policy: Its Current Expression in Four Key Speeches).  With this sharpening of and focus on difference, the tone and trajectories of globalization and the regulatory frameworks built to give it coherence, are likely to be tested and t eventually change. 

PIX CREDIT HERE

There is an irony then, around the core insight of the address--"前事不忘，后事之师。[transliterated as "the past is the teacher of the future"]. Is it possible that the ast is a bad teacher; or that the future is a worse student? That is the question for those who now observe the course charted by the two great twins of the first half of the 21st century--because in many ways they are twins--each a reflection of the other, each reflected in the other.  Within that relationship the errors of one resonates in the actions of the other.  The United States and China are now locked in the fraternal embrace of brothers who are the same but each other's mirror reverse. The lessons that Xi draws from the Great Anti-Japanese War are worth considerable reflection; they invite refraction more.  Time, and the inevitable movement of peoples from one to another stage of development, inevitable distorts the lessons that pass through it from one epoch to the other, the way that waves change direction as it passes from one medium to another. And that may be the most important lesson this this speak, as well as their equivalent delivered by Xi's American analogues.

The speech in the original 中文 and a crude English translation follow, along with brief reflections.

 1.  The 5 Never Promises quite consciously serve as the "other side of the coin" to the centerpiece of New Era ideology--the "Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation." That connection was also ade clear in the speech and described as:

·实现中华民族伟大复兴，必须坚持中国共产党领导。 To achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must uphold the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

·实现中华民族伟大复兴，必须坚持走中国特色社会主义道路。 To achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must adhere to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

·实现中华民族伟大复兴，必须坚持以人民为中心。 To achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must insist on putting the people at the center.

·实现中华民族伟大复兴，必须坚持斗争精神。 To achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must persist in the fighting spirit.

·实现中华民族伟大复兴，必须坚定不移走和平发展道路。To achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must firmly adhere to the path of peaceful development.

 Indeed, the 5 Never Promise is not particularly comprehensible, nor its importance apparent, without understanding its intimate connection with the 5 core elements of the Great Rejuvenation Project of the Chinese Nation.  

2. Ideology, of course, only gets you so far.  Two additional leaps are required.  The first is that It is in that leap from ideological principle to interpretation.  The second is from interpretation to application.  Eac of these leaps serves as its own theater of internal politics, and accounts for much of the dissonance and "play in the joints" in the Chinese political-economic model. Bot the 5 Never promise and the 5 core principles of the Great Rejuvenation Project are crafted in that way.  They both permit a substantial space (though by no means unlimited) for interpretation, and then an even potential broader space for interpretation. Both of these leaps, of course are managed first from the core leadership in Beijing and then downward where at every descending level the likelihood of flexibility becomes reduced in proportion to the sensitivity of the issue.

 3. It is also perhaps useful to note the relationship of the 5 Never Promises with the recent intensification (an intensification that recalls the 1950s and 1960s) of a national paranoia about the black hand of foreign interference.  In that that reflects a judgment that "emancipating the mind" and "reform and opening up" opened too wide the door to rightist error.  While the CPC was officially more concerned with leftist error after the 1970s, it appears that rightist error is now at center stage.  More than left error, right error has traditionally been tied closely to outsiders, and to outsider control of reactionary elements (natural allies of what some in the CPC might reference as the "capitalist international"). That rhetoric was particularly potent in the run up to the rectification of the Hong Kong SAR (e.g., here) as well as in the less noticed rectification of Chinese educational establishments and the disciplining of its heretofore far more autonomous academic elites. But it is also important ot note that the United States has also exhibited similar (though by no means identical) black hand paranoia.  In the case of the US it has been a useful weapon in the civil war among US elites in full exposed form after 2016.  But it would be unwise to think of China as unique in this respect.  Still, that the use of the black hand is not unique does not diminish its capacity for consequences.

4.  At this point it might be useful to ask: what does any of this have to do with the commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the Anti-Fascist War? Xi took great pains to summarize that connection at the very start of the remarks in a key early paragraph:

This is the longest, largest, and most sacrificed national liberation struggle of the Chinese people against foreign invasion since modern times. It is also the first national liberation struggle that has won a complete victory. This great victory is a historical turning point for the Chinese nation from a deep crisis to a great rejuvenation in modern times. It is also an important part of the victory of the world anti-fascist war. It is a victory for the Chinese people and a victory for the people of the world.

It is all here; (1) the Marxist re-conception of the narrative of the great 20th century war (1919-1949) into a war of national liberation from out of the self destruction  of the great imperial powers (a template for self destruction inherent in liberal democracy as opposed to Leninist systems and now evidenced by the internal bloodletting in the United States); (2)  the centering of this half century of war on China and the Chinese experience and its foreshadowing in the decrepitude of the old imperial system (and thus the positioning of China as the international, as well as the CPC as the national) vanguard for the forward progress of humanity; (3) the connection between war and invasion and the inherent militarism in liberal democratic "capitalist" states (this of course echoing the Marxist fathers though regrettably forgetting its mother--Rosa Luxemburg (The Accumulation of Capital, pp. 454 et seq.)); (4) the connection between this inevitable forward progress of Marxism under the leadership of a Leninist vanguard, tied to national liberation, and its expression in the current stage of Chinese historical development as "the great rejuvenation" understood as a historical-political and rational (scientific) process rather than as sociology or history, the origins of which in its contemporary form could be traced back to the start of Chinese resistance to Japanese (a) capitalist; (b) reactionary); (c) global; (4) militarism, at its Asian leading edge; and (5)  the connection between those interlinkages and similar ones contextually embedded within the rest of the world. This frames Chinese foreign policy as surely as the analogous ideology of the inevitable triumph of markets safeguarded by liberal-democratic and pluralistic (rather than national) political orders shapes that of the United States and the Anglo-European elites who safeguard it (or at least who appeared to do so). 

5. For Xi, looking back 75 years into the past, it was war--not win-win, negotiation--a supreme act of what they understood as resistance to an ideological wave, that proved decisive in two important respects.  The first was to raise the stature of China in the world from a semi-feudal contingently sovereign amalgamation to a modern state fit to joint he first tier of the family of civilized states (I use the old pre-1939 vocabulary deliberately, it is useful in this context). The second was that it opened the door to the success (again from their ideological perspective) inevitable victory of the leading edge of the global vanguard of national liberation and anti-imperialism (that is, of the vanguard forces against the forms of imperialism dominant in that era--and that is an important distinction; see, e.g., CPE EmpireSeries) that brought the CPC  to power and permitted the establishment of the current political-economic system. But understand the "big bang" as they see it--war, war attached to what is viewed as any form of deep colonization (physical (Japan pre-1945) or virtual and ideological (global post 2000)). In this context the actions against Hong Kong become easier to understand from their perspective--and those likely planned in some future for Taiwan as well. It may be possible to infer that the wars of national liberation have not yet concluded--and that the enemy is not Japanese militarism but the global legal internationalism the vanguard for which were the victorious Allies after 1945 and their system of legalized internationalism. 

6. The war assumed a political importance not merely for its unifying characteristics within China, but as well for the possibilities it suggested for national liberation based internationalism: That is, Xi suggests, in drawing lessons from the Great Anti-Fascist War, the basis of internationalism in mutual aid, and in the centrality of a united front of allies--within China and internationally--to push forward the ideological approaches of national liberation led by a vanguard, as the basis for supplanting the "late capitalist" ordering of the Americans and their allies. Resistance, along with war, vanguards and united fronts under the leadership of the authentic (communist) vanguard, then becomes the key lesson for China that can be drawn from that  moment that the project of national rejuvenation emerged from the bloodshed of war. "The great anti-Japanese spirit is the precious spiritual wealth of the Chinese people. It will always inspire the Chinese people to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and fight for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation."

7. And that opens the door to the great lesson to be driven home and the profound implications from out of which fundamental Chinese policy is to be crafted (in the form of the 5 Never  Promise)): "Past experience guide for the future." I  have spoken to one of its implications above.  But there are others.  One is the inevitably impossible relations between China and Japan. That is an impossible contradiction in the long run, but one embraced in this stage of Chinese historical development. "Correctly treating and deeply reflecting on the history of Japanese militarism aggression is an important political basis for establishing and developing Sino-Japanese relations." That is certainly true enough; but it also suggests a historical ossification that will inevitably produce a contradiction, the ramifications of which may require additional contemplation by Chinese core leadership.  Already that contradiction, like that emerging with China's Vietnamese neighbors, may produce challenges for China in its own way forward. 

__________

新华社北京9月3日电

在纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利75周年座谈会上的讲话

（2020年9月3日）

习近平

同胞们，同志们，朋友们：
　　今天，我们在这里隆重集会，纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利75周年。
　　75年前的今天，中国人民同世界人民一道，以顽强的意志和英勇的斗争，彻底打败了法西斯主义，取得了正义战胜邪恶、光明战胜黑暗、进步战胜反动的伟大胜利！
　　75年前的今天，中国人民经过14年不屈不挠的浴血奋战，打败了穷凶极恶的日本军国主义侵略者，取得了中国人民抗日战争的伟大胜利！
　　这是近代以来中国人民反抗外敌入侵持续时间最长、规模最大、牺牲最多的民族解放斗争，也是第一次取得完全胜利的民族解放斗争。这个伟大胜利，是中华民族从近代以来陷入深重危机走向伟大复兴的历史转折点、也是世界反法西斯战争胜利的重要组成部分，是中国人民的胜利、也是世界人民的胜利。
　　中国人民抗日战争的伟大胜利，将永远铭刻在中华民族史册上！永远铭刻在人类正义事业史册上！
　　在这里，我代表中共中央、全国人大、国务院、全国政协、中央军委，向全国参加过抗日战争的老战士、老同志、爱国人士和抗日将领，向为中国人民抗日战争胜利建立了历史功勋的海内外中华儿女，致以崇高的敬意！向支援和帮助过中国人民抗日战争的外国政府和国际友人，表示衷心的感谢！向为了胜利而壮烈牺牲的所有英灵，向惨遭侵略者杀戮的死难者，表示深切的哀悼！
　　同胞们、同志们、朋友们！
　　中华文明生生不息5000多年，中国人民以非凡的创造力为人类文明进步作出了不可磨灭的贡献。但是，1840年以后，由于列强的侵略和封建统治的腐朽，中国饱经沧桑磨难，中国人民遭受深重苦难。日本对华持续侵略是近代以来中国历史上最黑暗的一页，日本反动统治者一次次侵略中国，1894年挑起甲午战争，1895年侵占台湾和澎湖列岛，1900年伙同其他帝国主义列强侵入北京，1904年发动日俄战争、侵犯中国东北领土和主权，1914年侵占青岛，1915年提出“二十一条”，1931年策动九一八事变、侵占中国东北全境，1935年制造华北事变，1937年7月7日以炮轰宛平县城和进攻卢沟桥为标志发动全面侵华战争，妄图变中国为其独占的殖民地，进而吞并亚洲、称霸世界。日本军国主义的野蛮侵略给中国人民造成空前巨大的灾难，激起了中国人民的顽强反抗。
　　九一八事变后，中国人民就在白山黑水间奋起抵抗，成为中国人民抗日战争的起点，同时揭开了世界反法西斯战争的序幕。七七事变后，抗击侵略、救亡图存成为中国各党派、各民族、各阶级、各阶层、各团体以及海外华侨华人的共同意志和行动，中国由此进入全民族抗战阶段，并开辟了世界反法西斯战争的东方主战场。
　　在艰苦卓绝的抗日战争中，全体中华儿女为国家生存而战、为民族复兴而战、为人类正义而战，社会动员之广泛，民族觉醒之深刻，战斗意志之顽强，必胜信念之坚定，都达到了空前的高度。杨靖宇、赵尚志、左权、彭雪枫、佟麟阁、赵登禹、张自忠、戴安澜等殉国将领，八路军“狼牙山五壮士”、新四军“刘老庄连”、东北抗联八位女战士、国民党军“八百壮士”等众多英雄群体，就是千千万万抗日将士的杰出代表。中国人民以铮铮铁骨战强敌、以血肉之躯筑长城、以前仆后继赴国难，谱写了惊天地、泣鬼神的雄壮史诗。
　　中国人民抗日战争的伟大胜利，彻底粉碎了日本军国主义殖民奴役中国的图谋，有力捍卫了国家主权和领土完整，彻底洗刷了近代以来抗击外来侵略屡战屡败的民族耻辱！
　　中国人民抗日战争的伟大胜利，重新确立了中国在世界上的大国地位，中国人民赢得了世界爱好和平人民的尊敬，中华民族赢得了崇高的民族声誉！
　　中国人民抗日战争的伟大胜利，坚定了中国人民追求民族独立、自由、解放的意志，开启了古老中国凤凰涅槃、浴火重生的历史新征程！
　　同胞们、同志们、朋友们！
　　——中国人民抗日战争胜利是以爱国主义为核心的民族精神的伟大胜利。爱国主义是我们民族精神的核心，是中国人民和中华民族同心同德、自强不息的精神纽带。面对国家和民族生死存亡，全体中华儿女同仇敌忾、众志成城，奏响了气吞山河的爱国主义壮歌。爱国主义是激励中国人民维护民族独立和民族尊严、在历史洪流中奋勇向前的强大精神动力，是驱动中华民族这艘航船乘风破浪、奋勇前行的强劲引擎，是引领中国人民和中华民族迸发排山倒海的历史伟力、战胜前进道路上一切艰难险阻的壮丽旗帜！
　　——中国人民抗日战争胜利是中国共产党发挥中流砥柱作用的伟大胜利。中国共产党自成立之日起就把实现中华民族伟大复兴作为自己的历史使命，捍卫民族独立最坚定，维护民族利益最坚决，反抗外来侵略最勇敢。在抗日战争时期，在民族危亡的历史关头，中国共产党以卓越的政治领导力和正确的战略策略，指引了中国抗战的前进方向，坚定不移推动全民族坚持抗战、团结、进步，反对妥协、分裂、倒退。中国共产党高举抗日民族统一战线的旗帜，坚决维护、巩固、发展统一战线，坚持独立自主、团结抗战，维护了团结抗战大局。中国共产党人勇敢战斗在抗日战争最前线，支撑起中华民族救亡图存的希望，成为全民族抗战的中流砥柱！
　　——中国人民抗日战争胜利是全民族众志成城奋勇抗战的伟大胜利。中国共产党坚持动员人民、依靠人民，推动形成了全民族抗战的历史洪流。毛泽东同志在全国抗战开始后就明确提出：“我们主张全国人民总动员的完全的民族革命战争，或者叫作全面抗战。因为只有这种抗战，才是群众战争，才能达到保卫祖国的目的。”中国共产党坚持兵民是胜利之本，提出和实施持久战的战略总方针和一整套人民战争的战略战术，敌后根据地军民广泛开展伏击战、破袭战、地雷战、地道战、麻雀战等游击战的战术战法，使日本侵略者陷入了人民战争的汪洋大海之中。中国共产党领导开辟的敌后战场和国民党指挥的正面战场协力合作，形成了共同抗击日本侵略者的战略局面。中国人民抗日战争胜利是全体中华儿女勠力同心、以弱胜强的雄浑史诗，显示了中国人民和中华儿女坚不可摧的磅礴力量！
　　——中国人民抗日战争胜利是中国人民同反法西斯同盟国以及各国人民并肩战斗的伟大胜利。中国人民永远不会忘记，世界上爱好和平与正义的国家和人民、国际组织等各种反法西斯力量对中国人民抗日战争给予的宝贵援助和支持。苏联给予中国抗战有力的物资支持，美国“飞虎队”冒险开辟驼峰航线，朝鲜、越南、加拿大、印度、新西兰、波兰、丹麦以及德国、奥地利、罗马尼亚、保加利亚、日本等国的一大批反法西斯战士直接投身中国抗战。加拿大医生白求恩、印度医生柯棣华不远万里来华救死扶伤，法国医生贝熙叶开辟运输药品的自行车“驼峰航线”，德国的拉贝、丹麦的辛德贝格在南京大屠杀中千方百计保护中国难民，英国的林迈可、国际主义战士汉斯·希伯等记者积极报道和宣传中国抗战壮举。他们的感人事迹和崇高品格永远铭记在中国人民心中！
　　中国人民在抗日战争的壮阔进程中孕育出伟大抗战精神，向世界展示了天下兴亡、匹夫有责的爱国情怀，视死如归、宁死不屈的民族气节，不畏强暴、血战到底的英雄气概，百折不挠、坚忍不拔的必胜信念。伟大抗战精神，是中国人民弥足珍贵的精神财富，将永远激励中国人民克服一切艰难险阻、为实现中华民族伟大复兴而奋斗。
　　同胞们、同志们、朋友们！
　　中国和日本是近邻。保持中日长期和平友好关系，符合两国人民根本利益，符合维护亚洲和世界和平稳定的需要。在两国2000多年的交往历史上，和平友好是主流。中日友好关系发展到今天的水平，来之不易。我们应该以历史眼光和全球视野思考和谋划两国关系，坚持在相互尊重、求同存异基础上，积极推动构建携手合作、互利双赢的新格局，推动两国关系沿着正确轨道持续向前发展。
　　正确对待和深刻反省日本军国主义的侵略历史，是建立和发展中日关系的重要政治基础。日本军国主义惨无人道的侵略行径、令人发指的屠杀罪行、野蛮疯狂的掠夺破坏，给中国人民和广大亚洲国家人民带来了惨绝人寰的灾难。事实不容抹杀，也是抹杀不了的。任何否认侵略历史甚至美化侵略战争和殖民统治的言论，都不能不引起中国人民和亚洲国家人民的极大愤慨、严厉谴责、高度警惕。
　　前事不忘，后事之师。我们纪念中国人民抗日战争和世界反法西斯战争的胜利，谴责侵略者的残暴，强调牢记历史经验和教训，不是要延续仇恨，而是要唤起善良的人们对和平的向往和坚守，是要以史为鉴、面向未来，共同珍爱和平、维护和平，让中日两国人民世世代代友好下去，让世界各国人民永享和平安宁。
　　同胞们、同志们、朋友们！
　　中国人民抗日战争胜利75年来，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民发愤图强、艰苦创业，创造了举世瞩目的发展成就，成功开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，中国特色社会主义进入新时代，脱贫攻坚战、全面建成小康社会胜利在望，中华民族伟大复兴迎来了光明前景。全体中华儿女为之感到无比自豪！
　　我们也清醒认识到，在前进道路上，我们仍然会面临各种各样的风险挑战，会遇到各种各样的荆棘坎坷。我们要弘扬伟大抗战精神，以压倒一切困难而不为困难所压倒的决心和勇气，敢于斗争，善于创造，锲而不舍为实现中华民族伟大复兴而奋斗，直至取得最后的胜利。
　　——实现中华民族伟大复兴，必须坚持中国共产党领导。办好中国的事情，关键在党。只要我们深入了解中国近代以来的历史就不难发现，鸦片战争以后的很长时间里，中国呈现各自为政、一盘散沙的乱象，这是日本军国主义敢于发动全面侵华战争的重要原因。如果没有中国共产党领导，完成民族独立和解放的任务就可能拖得更久、付出的代价更大，我们的国家更不可能取得今天这样的发展成就、更不可能具有今天这样的国际地位。坚持党的全面领导，是国家和民族兴旺发达的根本所在，是全国各族人民幸福安康的根本所在。我们要聚精会神抓好党的建设，使我们党越来越成熟、越来越纯洁、越来越强大、越来越有战斗力。全国各党派、各团体、各民族、各阶层、各界人士要紧密团结在党中央周围，万众一心向前进。任何人任何势力企图歪曲中国共产党的历史、丑化中国共产党的性质和宗旨，中国人民都绝不答应！
　　——实现中华民族伟大复兴，必须坚持走中国特色社会主义道路。道路问题直接关系党和人民事业兴衰成败。中国特色社会主义道路是党和人民历经千辛万苦、克服千难万险取得的宝贵成果。中国特色社会主义道路，开拓于中国人民共同奋斗，扎根于中华大地，是给中国人民带来幸福安宁的正确道路。无论遇到什么风浪，在坚持中国特色社会主义道路这个根本问题上都要一以贯之，决不因各种杂音噪音而改弦更张。随着新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的伟大实践不断向前，我们的道路必将越走越宽广，我们的制度必将越来越成熟。任何人任何势力企图歪曲和改变中国特色社会主义道路、否定和丑化中国人民建设社会主义的伟大成就，中国人民都绝不答应！
　　——实现中华民族伟大复兴，必须坚持以人民为中心。人民是历史的创造者，是决定党和国家前途命运的根本力量。中国共产党来自人民、植根人民，初心和使命是为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴，根本宗旨是全心全意为人民服务。我们要坚持一切为了人民、一切依靠人民，保持同人民的血肉联系，紧紧依靠人民开拓事业新局面，促进全体人民共同富裕。任何人任何势力企图把中国共产党和中国人民割裂开来、对立起来，中国人民都绝不答应！
　　——实现中华民族伟大复兴，必须坚持斗争精神。中国共产党和中国人民是在斗争中成长和壮大起来的，斗争精神贯穿于中国革命、建设、改革各个时期。我国正处于实现中华民族伟大复兴关键时期，改革发展正处在攻坚克难的重要阶段，在前进道路上，我们面临的重大斗争不会少。我们必须以越是艰险越向前的精神奋勇搏击、迎难而上。凡是危害中国共产党领导和我国社会主义制度的各种风险挑战，凡是危害我国主权、安全、发展利益的各种风险挑战，凡是危害我国核心利益和重大原则的各种风险挑战，凡是危害我国人民根本利益的各种风险挑战，凡是危害我国实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的各种风险挑战，只要来了，我们就必须进行坚决斗争，毫不动摇，毫不退缩，直至取得胜利。历史必将证明，中华民族走向伟大复兴的历史脚步是不可阻挡的。任何人任何势力企图通过霸凌手段把他们的意志强加给中国、改变中国的前进方向、阻挠中国人民创造自己美好生活的努力，中国人民都绝不答应！
　　——实现中华民族伟大复兴，必须坚定不移走和平发展道路。近代以后，中国人民遭受列强的侵略、凌辱、掠夺达百年以上，但中国人民不是从中学到弱肉强食的强盗逻辑，而是更加坚定了维护和平的决心。人类命运休戚与共，各国人民应该秉持“天下一家”理念，共同推动构建人类命运共同体。中国人民热爱和平、珍惜和平，把维护世界和平、反对霸权主义和强权政治作为自己的神圣职责，坚决反对动辄使用武力或以武力威胁处理国际争端，坚决反对打着所谓“民主”、“自由”、“人权”等幌子肆意干涉别国内政。中国人民将一如既往同各国人民携手努力，为创造人类美好未来而不懈奋斗。任何人任何势力企图破坏中国人民的和平生活和发展权利、破坏中国人民同其他国家人民的交流合作、破坏人类和平与发展的崇高事业，中国人民都绝不答应！
　　同胞们、同志们、朋友们！
　　鉴往事，知来者。全党全军全国各族人民，海内外所有中华儿女，要更加紧密地团结起来，弘扬伟大抗战精神，向着中华民族伟大复兴的光辉彼岸奋勇前进。这是对为夺取中国人民抗日战争胜利献出生命的所有先烈、对为中华民族独立和中国人民解放献出生命的所有英灵的最好告慰。



 Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 3rdSpeech at the symposium commemorating the 75th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War

(September 3, 2020)

Xi Jinping

Compatriots, comrades, friends:

　　 Today, we are here solemnly to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s Anti-Japanese War and the World Anti-Fascist War.

　　 Today, 75 years ago, the Chinese people, together with the people of the world, completely defeated fascism with tenacious will and heroic struggle, and won the great victory of justice over evil, light over darkness, and progress over reaction!

　　 Today, 75 years ago, after 14 years of indomitable and bloody battle, the Chinese people defeated the vicious Japanese militarist invaders and won the great victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japan!

　　 This is the longest, largest, and most sacrificed national liberation struggle of the Chinese people against foreign invasion since modern times. It is also the first national liberation struggle that has won a complete victory. This great victory is a historical turning point for the Chinese nation from a deep crisis to a great rejuvenation in modern times. It is also an important part of the victory of the world anti-fascist war. It is a victory for the Chinese people and a victory for the people of the world.

　　 The great victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression will forever be engraved in the history of the Chinese nation! Forever engraved in the history of human justice!

Here, on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the National People’s Congress, the State Council, the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, and the Central Military Commission, I would like to extend to the veterans, comrades, patriots, and generals who participated in the Anti-Japanese War throughout the country. Chinese sons and daughters at home and abroad, I would like to extend my high respect! I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to the foreign governments and international friends who have supported and helped the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japan! I would like to express my deep condolences to all the heroic spirits who sacrificed heroically for victory, to the victims who were killed by the invaders!

　　 compatriots, comrades, friends!

　　 The Chinese civilization has lasted for more than 5,000 years. The Chinese people have made indelible contributions to the progress of human civilization with their extraordinary creativity. However, after 1840, due to the aggression of foreign powers and the decay of feudal rule, China has experienced vicissitudes of life, and the Chinese people have suffered a lot. Japan’s continued aggression against China is the darkest page in Chinese history in modern times. Japanese reactionary rulers invaded China time and time again, provoked the Sino-Japanese War in 1894, invaded Taiwan and the Penghu Islands in 1895, and invaded Beijing with other imperialist powers in 1900 , Launched the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, invaded the territory and sovereignty of Northeast China, invaded and occupied Qingdao in 1914, proposed the "21 Articles" in 1915, instigated the September 18th Incident in 1931, invaded and occupied the entire territory of Northeast China, and created the North China Incident in 1935. On July 7, 1937, it launched a full-scale war of aggression against China with the bombardment of Wanping County and the attack on Lugou Bridge, in an attempt to turn China into its exclusive colony, and then annex Asia and dominate the world. The barbaric aggression of Japanese militarism caused unprecedented disasters to the Chinese people and aroused the Chinese people's stubborn resistance.

　　 After the September 18th Incident, the Chinese people rose up in resistance between the white mountains and black waters, which became the starting point of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and at the same time opened the prelude to the World Anti-Fascist War. After the July 7th Incident, resisting aggression and saving the nation have become the common will and actions of all Chinese parties, nationalities, classes, strata, groups, and overseas Chinese. China has thus entered the stage of nationwide resistance and opened up the world's anti-fascism. The main battlefield in the East of war.

In the arduous war of resistance against Japan, all Chinese people fought for the survival of the country, for national rejuvenation, and for the justice of mankind. The extensive social mobilization, the profound national awakening, the tenacity of fighting will, and the firm belief in victory are all Reached an unprecedented height. Martyred generals such as Yang Jingyu, Zhao Shangzhi, Zuo Quan, Peng Xuefeng, Tong Linge, Zhao Dengyu, Zhang Zizhong, Dai Anlan, the Eighth Route Army "Five Heroes of Langya Mountain", the New Fourth Army "Liu Laozhuang Company", eight female fighters of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Army, the Kuomintang Army" "The Eight Hundred Heroes" and many other groups of heroes are outstanding representatives of the thousands of anti-Japanese soldiers. The Chinese people fought strong enemies with iron and bones, built the Great Wall with flesh and blood, and went to national disasters in the past, and they wrote a majestic epic of earth-shattering and weeping ghosts.

　　 The great victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression completely shattered the Japanese militarist colonial and enslaved plot of China, effectively defended national sovereignty and territorial integrity, and completely washed away the national humiliation of fighting against foreign aggression in modern times!

　　 The great victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression re-established China's status as a major country in the world. The Chinese people have won the respect of the peace-loving people of the world, and the Chinese nation has won a lofty national reputation!

　　 The great victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japan strengthened the Chinese people's will to pursue national independence, freedom, and liberation, and opened a new historical journey of the ancient Chinese phoenix nirvana and rebirth!

　　 compatriots, comrades, friends!

　　——The victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was a great victory of the national spirit with patriotism at its core. Patriotism is the core of our national spirit. It is the spiritual bond of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation to unite and strive for self-improvement. In the face of the life and death of the country and the nation, all Chinese sons and daughters share the same hatred and united will, playing the patriotic song of swallowing mountains and rivers. Patriotism is a powerful spiritual driving force that inspires the Chinese people to maintain national independence and national dignity, and to move forward courageously in the torrent of history. It is a powerful engine that drives the Chinese nation to ride the wind and waves and move forward courageously. It is to lead the Chinese people and the Chinese nation to burst into trouble. The historical mighty power, the magnificent banner to overcome all the difficulties and obstacles on the way forward!

　　——The victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is a great victory for the Chinese Communist Party to play its main role. Since its establishment, the Communist Party of China has taken the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as its historical mission. It is the most determined to defend national independence, the most resolute in safeguarding national interests, and the bravest to resist foreign aggression. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, at the historical juncture of the nation’s peril, the Communist Party of China guided the direction of China’s War of Resistance with its outstanding political leadership and correct strategic strategies, and unswervingly promoted the whole nation’s resistance, unity, and progress, and opposed compromise. Split and regress. The Communist Party of China held high the banner of the anti-Japanese national united front, resolutely maintained, consolidated, and developed the united front, insisted on independence and independence, united in the war of resistance, and safeguarded the overall situation of the united war of resistance. The Chinese Communists fought bravely at the forefront of the War of Resistance Against Japan, supporting the hope of saving the Chinese nation and becoming the mainstay of the entire nation's war of resistance!

　　——The victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is a great victory of the whole nation's united efforts. The Communist Party of China persisted in mobilizing and relying on the people, and promoted the formation of the historical torrent of the entire nation's war of resistance. Comrade Mao Zedong clearly stated after the beginning of the national war of resistance: "We advocate a complete national revolutionary war of the national people's mobilization, or called a total war of resistance. Because only this kind of war of resistance is a mass war and can achieve the purpose of defending the motherland." China The Communist Party insists that soldiers and civilians are the basis of victory. It proposes and implements the general strategy of protracted warfare and a set of strategic and tactics for people's war. The military and civilians in base areas behind enemy lines have extensively carried out ambushes, raid wars, mine warfare, tunnel warfare, sparrow warfare and other guerrilla warfare. Tactical tactics plunged the Japanese invaders into the vast ocean of People's War. The battlefield behind enemy lines led by the Chinese Communist Party and the frontal battlefield commanded by the Kuomintang worked together to form a strategic situation of jointly fighting the Japanese aggressors. The victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is a majestic epic of all the Chinese people working together and defeating the strong with the weak. It shows the indestructible power of the Chinese people and the Chinese people!

　　——The victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is a great victory of the Chinese people fighting side by side with the anti-fascist allies and the people of all countries. The Chinese people will never forget the precious assistance and support provided by various anti-fascist forces such as peace-loving and justice-loving countries and people, international organizations, and others to the Chinese people in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. The Soviet Union gave China strong material support for the War of Resistance. The American "Flying Tigers" ventured to open up a hump route. A large number of anti-fascists in North Korea, Vietnam, Canada, India, New Zealand, Poland, Denmark and Germany, Austria, Romania, Bulgaria, Japan and other countries The soldiers directly joined the Chinese War of Resistance. Canadian doctor Bethune and Indian doctor Ke Tihua traveled far and wide to save lives in China, French doctor Bethie opened a bicycle "hump route" for transporting medicines, Rabe of Germany and Sindberg of Denmark did everything possible to protect Chinese refugees during the Nanjing Massacre. British journalists such as Michael Lin and internationalist fighter Hans Heber actively reported and publicized China's feat in the War of Resistance. Their touching deeds and lofty character will always be remembered in the hearts of the Chinese people!

The Chinese people have nurtured the great spirit of the War of Resistance against Japan in the magnificent process of the War of Resistance Against Japan, showing the world the rise and fall of the world, the patriotic feeling of being responsible for each other, the national integrity of seeing death as home, preferring to die, and the heroic spirit of not fearing violence and fighting to the end, indomitable and persevering. Pull's belief in victory. The great anti-Japanese spirit is the precious spiritual wealth of the Chinese people. It will always inspire the Chinese people to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and fight for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　 compatriots, comrades, friends!

　　 China and Japan are close neighbors. Maintaining long-term peaceful and friendly relations between China and Japan conforms to the fundamental interests of the two peoples and conforms to the needs of maintaining peace and stability in Asia and the world. In the history of exchanges between the two countries for more than 2,000 years, peace and friendship have been the mainstream. The development of Sino-Japanese friendly relations to today's level has not come easily. We should think about and plan the relationship between the two countries from a historical and global perspective, and insist on building a new pattern of cooperation and mutual benefit based on mutual respect and seeking common ground while shelving differences, so as to promote the continuous development of bilateral relations on the right track.

　　 Correctly treating and deeply reflecting on the history of Japanese militarism aggression is an important political basis for establishing and developing Sino-Japanese relations. The brutal and inhumane acts of aggression by Japanese militarism, the heinous crimes of massacre, and the barbaric and crazy plundering and destruction have brought horrible disasters to the Chinese people and the people of the majority of Asian countries. The facts cannot be denied, nor can they be denied. Any remarks that deny the history of aggression or even beautify the war of aggression and colonial rule cannot but arouse great indignation, severe condemnation, and high vigilance from the Chinese people and the people of Asian countries.

Past experience guide for the future. We commemorate the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, condemn the brutality of the invaders, and emphasize that we must bear in mind historical experience and lessons. We do not intend to perpetuate hatred, but to arouse kind people’s yearning and persistence for peace. We must learn from history. Facing the future, we should cherish and maintain peace together, let the people of China and Japan continue to be friendly for generations, and let people all over the world enjoy peace and tranquility forever.

　　 compatriots, comrades, friends!

　　 In the 75 years since the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japan, China has undergone earth-shaking changes. The Communist Party of China has united and led the people of all ethnic groups in the country to work hard and work hard, and created world-renowned development achievements. It successfully opened up the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. The battle against poverty and the completion of a well-off society in an all-round way are in sight. The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation ushered in a bright future. All Chinese people are very proud of it!

　　 We also clearly realize that on the way forward, we will still face various risks and challenges, and we will encounter various thorny obstacles. We must carry forward the great spirit of the War of Resistance, with the determination and courage to overwhelm all difficulties and not be overwhelmed by difficulties, dare to struggle, be good at creativity, and persevere in fighting for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation until the final victory.

　　——To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must uphold the leadership of the Communist Party of China. It's up to The communist party to do thing well in China. As long as we have a deep understanding of China's modern history, it is not difficult to find that for a long time after the Opium War, China has shown a chaos of separate governance and scattered sand. This is an important reason why Japanese militarists dared to launch a full-scale war of aggression against China. Without the leadership of the Communist Party of China, accomplishing the task of national independence and liberation may have been delayed longer and paid a greater price. Our country is even less likely to achieve the development achievements it is today, and it is even less likely to have the international status it is today. Upholding the party's overall leadership is the foundation for the prosperity of the country and the nation, and the foundation for the happiness and well-being of the people of all ethnic groups in the country. We must concentrate our attention on party building so that our party will become more mature, purer, stronger, and more effective. All parties, organizations, nationalities, strata, and people from all walks of life across the country must unite closely around the Party Central Committee and move forward with one heart. The Chinese people will never agree to anyone or any force who attempts to distort the history of the Chinese Communist Party and vilify the nature and purpose of the Chinese Communist Party!

　　-To achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must adhere to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The road issue directly affects the success or failure of the cause of the party and the people. The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a valuable result that the party and people have achieved through untold hardships and overcoming difficulties and dangers. The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, pioneered in the common struggle of the Chinese people and rooted in the land of China, is the right path to bring happiness and tranquility to the Chinese people. No matter what storms we encounter, we must be consistent on the fundamental issue of adhering to the socialist road with Chinese characteristics, and never change the course due to various noises. As the great practice of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics continues to move forward in the new era, our path will inevitably become wider and wider, and our system will become more mature. Anyone or any force who attempts to distort and change the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, deny or vilify the great achievements of the Chinese people in building socialism, the Chinese people will never agree!

　　——To achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must insist on putting the people at the center. The people are the creators of history and the fundamental force that determines the future and destiny of the party and the country. The Communist Party of China comes from the people and roots in the people. Its original intention and mission are to seek happiness for the Chinese people and to seek rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. Its fundamental purpose is to serve the people wholeheartedly. We must persist in doing everything for the people, relying on the people in everything, maintaining flesh-and-blood ties with the people, firmly relying on the people to open up new prospects for the cause, and promote common prosperity for all people. The Chinese people will never agree to anyone or any force who attempts to separate the Communist Party of China from the Chinese people and antagonize them!

-To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must persist in the spirit of struggle. The Communist Party of China and the Chinese people have grown and grown in struggle, and the spirit of struggle runs through the various periods of Chinese revolution, construction, and reform. Our country is in a critical period of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Reform and development are at an important stage of overcoming difficulties. On the way forward, we will face many major struggles. We must fight bravely and face up to difficulties with the spirit of the more difficult and dangerous we move forward. All kinds of risk challenges that endanger the leadership of the Communist Party of China and China's socialist system, all kinds of risk challenges that endanger China's sovereignty, security, and development interests, all kinds of risk challenges that endanger China's core interests and major principles, all kinds of risk challenges that endanger the fundamentals of our people All kinds of risks and challenges to our interests, and all kinds of risks and challenges that endanger our country’s achievement of the "two centenary" goals and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, as long as they come, we must fight resolutely, unwaveringly, and not shrinking. Until victory is achieved. History will prove that the historical pace of the Chinese nation's great rejuvenation is unstoppable. Anyone or any force who attempts to impose their will on China through bullying, change the direction of China’s progress, or obstruct the efforts of the Chinese people to create their own better life, the Chinese people will never agree!

　　-To achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development. After modern times, the Chinese people have been invaded, humiliated, and plundered by foreign powers for more than a hundred years. However, the Chinese people have not learned the logic of robbers from the weak, but have strengthened their determination to maintain peace. The destiny of mankind shares weal and woe, and people of all countries should uphold the concept of "One World, One Family" and work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind. The Chinese people love peace and cherish peace. They take the maintenance of world peace and opposing hegemonism and power politics as their sacred duty. They resolutely oppose the use of force or the threat of force to deal with international disputes, and resolutely oppose the so-called "democracy" and "freedom." Indiscriminate interference in the internal affairs of other countries under the guise of "human rights". The Chinese people will, as always, work hand in hand with the people of other countries to make unremitting efforts to create a better future for mankind. Anyone or any force that attempts to undermine the peaceful life and development rights of the Chinese people, undermine the exchanges and cooperation between the Chinese people and the people of other countries, or undermine the noble cause of peace and development of mankind, the Chinese people will never agree!

　　 compatriots, comrades, friends!

　　 Learn from the past and know those who come. The entire party, the entire army, the people of all ethnic groups, and all Chinese people at home and abroad, must unite more closely, carry forward the great spirit of resistance, and march forward bravely toward the glorious shore of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This is the best consolation to all the martyrs who sacrificed their lives for the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and to all the heroic spirits who sacrificed their lives for the independence of the Chinese nation and the liberation of the Chinese people.