Thoughts on 黄一兵 新时代中国外交的根本遵循和行动指南 'Huang Yibing, 'Fundamental principles and guidelines for China's diplomacy in the new era']

 

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中国必须有自己特色的大国外交。[China must have its own distinctive major-country diplomacy] (here)

The liberal democratic states have been fascinated by China "Wolf Warrior" diplomacy. Liberal democracy dislikes acts of lèse majesté. But then so does China (President Xi humiliates Trudeau; explained by Chinese authorities through their own lens here).

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It comes as now surprise that this emerging form of Chinese engagement with the world--at least on a state-to-state level, has generated efforts to understand it (Understanding Chinese “Wolf Warrior Diplomacy”). It has also generated discussions of its alignment with ancient philosophical texts (New Tail for China’s ‘Wolf Warrior’ Diplomats). It encourages narratives of maturation and political calculus (Is China Putting ‘Wolf Warriors’ on a Leash?) or an analytic hopefulness that it is a passing phase (China’s Wolf Warrior Diplomacy Is Fading). Conversely there is a narrative of strategic augmentation of the techniques of 'wolfiness' (China’s Xi Jinping Set to Give ‘Wolf Warrior’ Diplomacy More Bite). As often the construction of the 'wolf warrior' narrative in liberal democracy is transformed into a discursive instrument to be used against its practitioners and the interests of the state that encourages the practice (China’s Wolf Warriors Are Turning the World Against Beijing).

Efforts are made to personalize the phenomenon (China’s top 5 wolf warrior diplomats sinking their fangs into Europe). The rising generation of its cohorts are identified (The next wolf warriors: China readies new generation of tough diplomats). And efforts are made to align its bad behaviors with those of local political figures now (by the reckoning of those who control such narrative) in disgrace (How China's 'Wolf Warror' Di`lomats Use and Abuse Twitter).  It has been reshaped to fit within the narratives and ideological inflection points in liberal democracy's reshaping of its own self images (China’s wolf warriors and feminist foreign policy: A German approach). And every one in a while the press organs of liberal democracy pass along a defense of the strategy by its authors (China's 'wolf warrior' diplomacy is 'justified defence', envoy says ("is simply "justified defence" against attacks by a West determined to contain it, one of Beijing's most outspoken ambassadors said")). These are critical efforts in the efforts of liberal democracy to apply both a defensive and offensive strategy to the contemporary efforts to China to make their mark in and on the world.

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In that context it might be useful to understand how the Chinese have begun to construct their own narratives of the world warrior strategy, especially as it is embedded in the evolution of its own approaches to global diplomacy. To that end the recently posted essay,   新时代中国外交的根本遵循和行动指南 [Fundamental principles and guidelines for China's diplomacy in the new era], may provide a glimpse at the self construction of a theory and implementation of Chinese diplomacy. Its author, Huang Yibing (黄一兵) is a member of the Central Party History and Literature Research Institute and the author of An Ideological History of the Communist Party of China.

My analysis of the essay follows along with the text of the essay follows in the original Chinese and a crude English translation.

 

 

The essay is divided into a number of sub-parts. Each of them are meant to build a theory of New Era diplomacy tied to the fundamental development of Leninism in China’s current era of historical development. Section 1 speaks to demonstrating “the power  of scientific truth.” Its principal insight is this: “Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy insists on combining the basic principles of Marxism with the practice of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics and with the excellent traditional Chinese culture.” It represents a strategic choice in the application of New Era Leninism to China’s current principal contradiction as it manifests in China’s external relations .“ It makes a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the overall situation of the party and the country's foreign affairs, and comprehensively pioneers and innovates China's diplomatic theories.”

 

Sub-part 2 speaks to aligning this instrumentalization in the outward expression of Chinese aspirations with the “deep feelings of the [Chinese] people.” Here  the focus is on aligning the strategies of Chinese New Era diplomacy to the Chinese mass line. That in turn is meant to invoke the complex inter-relationship between the masses, their collective organization, and the leadership of the vanguard expressed through the mechanisms of whole process democracy. Much more interesting id the way on which the mass line is here externalized as a mechanism for diplomacy that bypasses the instruments of foreign governments and can project itself directly to the people of foreign states:  “unites people's friendship, combines the Chinese dream with the beautiful dreams of people around the world, combines China's development with the development of the world, and combines the interests of the Chinese people with the interests of people around the world” What might be construed as an interference in internal affairs if directed inward becomes a basis for the legitimate exercise of a new Communist international. .

 

Sub-part 3 moves from the conceptual to the mechanics of the demonstration of “strong practical power.”  The object here is to embed theory into the global practice of what they understand as “major country diplomacy.” This is essentialized as a solution to the New Era problem of answering the questions of “kind of world China should promote, what kind of international relations it should build, what kind of diplomacy China needs under the new situation, and how to conduct diplomacy.” All of this is to be wrapped around the fundamental goal of “the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.” To that end, “We have demonstrated our responsibility as a major country, actively participated in the reform and construction of the global governance system.”

 

Sub-part 4 then turns to the question of Chinese Leninist diplomatic style. The object is to align Chinese diplomacy to both New Era Leninism and to the traditional culture reconceived for and inserted into New Era Leninism. But it is also signaling.  Every major country must be easily distinguished.  China cannot be the equal to the United States if it is merely a copy of the United States.  Thus, whatever the merits of the current converged culture of diplomacy it does nit serve China’s interests.  To ensure those interests are autonomously Chinese requires the development of a distinctive working style that can serve as a vessel not merely for Chinese ideology and interests, but which diverges from that of its big country rivals. Show—the theatrics of diplomacy--are as important as the messages that diplomacy is meant to carry. “In the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture, the dialectical unity of the nation and the world has been realized, and it has provided a basis for solving the common problems faced by contemporary mankind.”

 

Sub-part 5 then seamlessly follows, with its emphasis on building a diplomacy of form strategic self-reliance. To that end, “we must strengthen our confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that the cause of the party and the country always advances in the right direction.” Self-reliance, then, is socialist self-reliance.  It serves to project  the value of Chinese Marxist-Leninism outward, and thus forms the basis of the New Era Communist International: “This idea fully demonstrates the remarkable advantages and strong vitality of my country's national system and national governance system, fully demonstrates the Chinese spirit, Chinese values, and Chinese power, and fully demonstrates that China has the ability and responsibility to play a greater role in global affairs.” The strategy, though, strongly echoes the current American position of “America First.”

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that “my country’s development has entered a period where strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing.” Our greatest opportunity is as we continue to grow and develop, requires that we must also pay attention to various risks and challenges, and be good at turning crises into opportunities and turning crises into safety.”

 

Sub-part 6 ends the essay by turning more directly turns to the mission of the Chinese Communist International. It accomplishes this objective by “providing Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to common global challenges and problems, leading China's diplomacy to contribute to the world, and promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, through unremitting efforts to promote human development and progress. At the center of this effort is the Chinese experience and the Chinese path: “Share its own development experience and opportunities with other countries in the world, so that China's development can better benefit the world; always be the defender of the international order, adhere to the path of cooperative development, and maintain the international system with the United Nations as the core and the international order based on international law.” This sub-part takes the opportunity to then engage in the usual demonizing of the United States and its dependencies as the Great Adversary: “On the other hand, hegemonic and bullying behaviors such as bullying, stealing, and zero-sum games are deeply harmful.”

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新时代中国外交的根本遵循和行动指南

黄一兵 党的历史 2022-11-17 23:42 Posted on 北京

党的二十大报告指出，我们全面推进中国特色大国外交，推动构建人类命运共同体，推动构建新型国际关系，积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设，我国国际影响力、感召力、塑造力显著提升。新时代十年，中国外交之所以能够在复杂严峻的国际形势中攻坚克难、砥砺前行，取得举世瞩目的成就，根本在于习近平总书记掌舵领航，根本在于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平外交思想科学指引。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记牢牢把握中国和世界发展大势，提出一系列富有中国特色、体现时代精神、引领人类发展进步潮流的新理念新主张新倡议，形成了习近平外交思想，为新时代中国外交提供了根本遵循和行动指南。习近平外交思想是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，这一重要思想彰显着马克思主义的真理力量，闪烁着中华文化和中国精神的时代光芒，具有独特鲜明的理论品格。

彰显科学的真理力量

习近平总书记指出，“马克思主义科学揭示了人类社会发展规律，指明了人类寻求自身解放的道路，推进了人类文明进程，是我们认识世界、改造世界的强大思想武器”。习近平外交思想高举马克思主义的光辉旗帜，始终坚持马克思主义的立场观点方法，整个理论体系闪耀着马克思主义的真理光芒。

习近平外交思想是“两个结合”的重大理论成果。习近平外交思想坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国特色大国外交实践相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，以鲜明的时代特征和崭新的思想内容丰富发展了马克思主义国际关系理论，是马克思主义中国化时代化在外交领域的最新成果。这一思想坚持马克思主义关于人类社会发展规律的基本观点，坚定信仰信念，把握时代潮流，引领中国外交为民族复兴尽责、为人类进步担当；坚持马克思主义关于事物矛盾运动的基本原理，深入分析国际形势演变规律，准确把握我国外部环境基本特征，统筹谋划和推进对外工作；坚持马克思主义关于生产力与生产关系的思想，准确分析经济全球化和世界经济发展面临的问题，提出具有中国特色的全球治理观、发展观等；坚持马克思主义关于世界历史的思想，着眼中国人民和世界人民共同利益，提出推动构建新型国际关系、推动构建人类命运共同体的重要理念。这一系列原创性重大思想观点科学回答和解决了中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问，极大深化了对于中国特色大国外交的规律性认识。

习近平外交思想是系统科学的思想理论体系。伟大的时代呼唤思想理论创新，伟大的实践孕育科学理论体系。习近平外交思想坚持理论与实际相结合、认识论和方法论相统一，对党和国家对外工作全局作了全面深刻分析，对中国外交理论进行全面开拓创新，是一个科学完备、逻辑严密的思想理论体系。这一理论体系主线鲜明，明确新时代中国特色大国外交要牢牢把握服务民族复兴、促进人类进步这条主线，指明了新时代我国对外工作的使命任务和努力方向。这一理论体系逻辑严密，“十个坚持”的核心要义明确了新时代中国外交的根本保证、使命宗旨、战略布局和主要任务等，形成系统完备、相互贯通的有机整体。这一理论体系博大精深，深刻揭示了新时代中国特色大国外交的本质要求、内在规律和前进方向，极大拓展了中国外交理论的内涵和外延。

习近平外交思想是运用马克思主义思想和工作方法的光辉典范。习近平外交思想坚持运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义，既是世界观也是方法论，蕴含着丰富的马克思主义思想方法和工作方法。这一思想强调把握国际形势要树立正确的历史观、大局观、角色观，为我们准确分析世界大势和我国历史方位提供了科学方法；强调统筹国内国际两个大局，深刻认识和准确把握两个大局的发展规律和相互联系，在实际工作中把两个大局统一起来、结合起来、兼顾起来；强调加强顶层设计、战略谋划和策略运用；强调坚持底线思维，凡事从坏处准备，努力争取最好结果，牢牢把握对外工作主动权；强调注重工作实效，坚持发扬求真务实、真抓实干的作风，以钉钉子精神明确工作方向、狠抓贯彻落实。

饱含深厚的人民情怀

人民群众是我们党的力量源泉，也是中国外交的力量源泉。只有植根人民、胸怀人民、造福人民，新时代中国特色大国外交才能得到人民的信任与支持，才能拥有深厚的根基、蓬勃的力量、前进的动力。习近平外交思想坚持人民至上的根本立场，坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，坚持人民主体地位，彰显出马克思主义人民性的鲜明品格。

坚持外交为民理念，全心全意为人民服务。我们党的一切工作都是为了实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民根本利益。中国外交是人民的外交。习近平总书记强调，要“坚持外交为民，全心全意为人民服务”。习近平外交思想坚持把人民放在心中最高的位置，把为人民谋幸福作为根本任务，把维护国家和人民利益放在首要位置，把人民的幸福感、安全感和满意度作为衡量外交工作的重要标尺，始终以百姓心为心，想群众之所想，急群众之所急，解群众之所忧，办好人民满意的外交，让中国公民在世界各地都能感受到祖国的力量与温暖、感受到做中国人的尊严与荣耀。

扎根人民群众，凝聚人民智慧力量。人民是历史的创造者，是真正的英雄。习近平总书记指出，“坚持人民主体地位，充分调动人民积极性，始终是我们党立于不败之地的强大根基”。习近平外交思想始终紧紧依靠人民，时刻倾听人民，贯彻党的群众路线，尊重人民主体地位和首创精神，欢迎人民群众关心外交、参与外交、监督外交，充分调动最广大人民的积极性、主动性、创造性，把人民群众的智慧和力量凝聚到外交事业中。

关注人民福祉，增进世界人民友谊。习近平总书记指出，“中国共产党从人民中走来、依靠人民发展壮大，历来有着深厚的人民情怀，不仅对中国人民有着深厚情怀，而且对世界各国人民有着深厚情怀，不仅愿意为中国人民造福，也愿意为世界各国人民造福”。习近平外交思想始终关注人类前途命运，增进各国共同福祉，凝聚人民友好情谊，把中国梦与世界各国人民的美好梦想结合起来，把中国发展与世界发展结合起来，把中国人民的利益与世界人民的共同和根本利益结合起来，推动各国和平共处、共同发展、合作共赢。

展现强大的实践伟力

实践的观点是马克思主义认识论的基本观点，实践性是马克思主义理论区别于其他理论的显著特征。习近平外交思想源自实践又指导实践，既是对中国外交实践的高度概括和升华，又是我们推进新时代中国特色大国外交的行动指南，是经过实践检验、富有实践伟力的强大思想武器。

根植于新时代中国特色大国外交的丰富实践。习近平外交思想是在习近平总书记亲自擘画和领导的波澜壮阔的中国外交实践中、在解决我国外交工作面临的一个又一个重大问题过程中发展形成的。这一思想聚焦时代课题，总结实践经验，科学回答了中国应推动建设什么样的世界、构建什么样的国际关系，新形势下中国需要什么样的外交、怎样办外交等一系列重大理论和实践问题，在新的历史起点上为新时代中国外交夯基垒台、立柱架梁、谋篇布局，为新时代外交工作提供了根本遵循。这一思想服务于走近世界舞台中央的中国国家利益，牢牢把握当今时代发展潮流，准确判断我国发展新的历史方位，作出当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局、中华民族伟大复兴进入关键时期等一系列重大战略论断，确定了新时代我国外交工作的战略目标和战略坐标。习近平外交思想是不断发展的开放的理论，必将随着新时代中国特色大国外交的伟大实践而持续发展、不断丰富、更加完善。

展现出引领和推动中国外交实践的强大伟力。党的十八大以来，面对复杂严峻的国际形势和前所未有的外部风险挑战，以习近平同志为核心的党中央强调统筹国内国际两个大局，健全党对外事工作领导体制机制，加强对外工作顶层设计，对中国特色大国外交作出战略谋划，弘扬和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值，引领人类进步潮流。在习近平外交思想的正确指引下，我们走出了一条中国特色大国外交新路，我国对外工作取得全方位、开创性历史成就。我们全面推进中国特色大国外交，推动构建人类命运共同体，坚定维护国际公平正义，倡导践行真正的多边主义，旗帜鲜明反对一切霸权主义和强权政治，毫不动摇反对任何单边主义、保护主义、霸凌行径。我们完善外交总体布局，积极建设覆盖全球的伙伴关系网络，推动构建新型国际关系。我们展现负责任大国担当，积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设，全面开展抗击新冠肺炎疫情国际合作，赢得广泛国际赞誉，我国国际影响力、感召力、塑造力显著提升。

蕴含浓郁的中国风格

中国必须有自己特色的大国外交。习近平总书记指出，“我们要在总结实践经验的基础上，丰富和发展对外工作理念，使我国对外工作有鲜明的中国特色、中国风格、中国气派”。习近平外交思想坚持中华优秀传统文化不能丢，坚持新中国外交优良传统不能丢，坚持守正创新，发展了富有中国特色、彰显民族风骨、引领时代潮流的中国外交理论。

坚持以中华优秀传统文化塑造中华民族独特精神标识。习近平总书记指出，“中华优秀传统文化是中华文明的智慧结晶和精华所在，是中华民族的根和魂，是我们在世界文化激荡中站稳脚跟的根基”。中华文化源远流长，积淀着中华民族最深层的精神追求，代表着中华民族独特的精神标识，为中华民族生生不息、发展壮大提供了丰厚滋养。习近平外交思想根植深厚的中华优秀传统文化，吸吮五千多年中华民族漫长奋斗积累的文化养分，将传统文化精髓与中国特色大国外交实践相结合，为世界贡献了一系列中国理念和中国主张。比如，人类命运共同体理念彰显了“天下为公、大同世界”的博大胸怀，正确义利观体现出“弘义融利”的崇高追求，亲诚惠容周边外交理念绵延着“亲仁善邻、协和万邦”的处世之道，全球发展倡议诠释了“兼济天下”的高远理想。这些重大理念主张体现了中华民族一脉相承的精神追求、精神特质、精神脉络，在对传统文化的创造性转化和创新性发展中实现了民族与世界的辩证统一，为解决当代人类面临的共同难题提供了中国方案，在促进世界和平与发展中弘扬了中国精神、贡献了中国力量。

坚持以对外工作优良传统和时代特征相结合塑造中国外交独特风范。习近平外交思想把继承和发展辩证统一起来，继承和弘扬新中国外交优良传统，丰富发展和平发展道路理念，鲜明提出共建“一带一路”、弘扬全人类共同价值等重要思想和重大倡议，强调敢于斗争、善于斗争，赋予独立自主的和平外交政策、和平共处五项原则、推动建立国际政治经济新秩序、推动建设和谐世界等对外方针政策新的时代内涵，使我国外交原则立场更加鲜明、外交理论更具时代特色。这一思想坚持有原则、重情谊、讲道义、谋公正，展现了守正创新的大国气派、立己达人的世界情怀、开放包容的宽广胸襟、重情尚义的崇高品格，塑造了中国外交的独特风范，赢得了国际社会的广泛赞誉，极大提高了中国的国际声望，极大振奋了党心军心民心。

贯穿坚定的战略自信

习近平总书记指出，“当今世界，要说哪个政党、哪个国家、哪个民族能够自信的话，那中国共产党、中华人民共和国、中华民族是最有理由自信的”。习近平外交思想充满着高度的战略自信，赋予了我国外交工作根和魂，指引中国特色大国外交之路越走越宽广。

坚持以中国特色社会主义为根本增强战略自信。实现中华民族伟大复兴，必须坚定中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信，确保党和国家事业始终沿着正确方向胜利前进。习近平外交思想毫不动摇坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，始终强调坚持稳中求进的工作总基调，始终强调坚持集中精力办好自己的事，坚定不移走和平发展道路，是坚持以中国特色社会主义为根本增强战略自信的光辉典范。这一思想充分展示了我国国家制度和国家治理体系的显著优势和强大生命力，充分展示了中国精神、中国价值、中国力量，充分展现了中国有能力也有责任在全球事务中发挥更大作用，同各国一道为解决全人类问题作出更大贡献。坚持以中国特色社会主义为根本增强战略自信，体现了新时代中国的国家意志、民族精神和国际形象，是我们开展对外工作的力量之源和信念之基，也是党的十八大以来中国外交底气更足、信心更强、行动更加有力、成就更加卓著的根本原因。

保持强大战略定力，集中精力办好自己的事。一个国家、一个民族的发展，立足点在于走好自己的路，关键在于办好自己的事。习近平总书记指出，“保持定力，增强信心，集中精力办好自己的事情，是我们应对各种风险挑战的关键”。面对加速演进的世界百年未有之大变局，习近平总书记强调，“我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期”。我们最大的机遇就是自身不断发展壮大，同时也要重视各种风险和挑战，善于化危为机、转危为安。要善于从细微的边际变化中洞察全球趋势性变化，善于从历史对比中进行战略性思考。要审时度势、居安思危，既要有抓住和用好重要战略机遇期推进改革发展的战略定力，又要敏锐把握内外环境的变化，统筹国内国际两个大局，齐心协力做好各项工作，扎实推进经济社会发展。这些重要论述，体现了以习近平同志为核心的党中央对国内国际大局大势的深刻洞察和科学把握，赋予了习近平外交思想强大的战略定力、战略自信、战略耐心。

秉持宽广的天下胸怀

中国共产党是为中国人民谋幸福的政党，也是为人类进步事业而奋斗的政党。习近平外交思想坚持胸怀天下，饱含对人类发展重大问题的睿智思考和独特创见，为应对全球共同挑战、共同问题提供中国智慧和中国方案，领航中国外交为世界作贡献，为推动构建人类命运共同体、促进人类发展进步不懈奋斗。

以世界眼光关注人类前途命运，同世界上一切进步力量携手前进。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记站在人类历史发展进程的高度，以宽阔的国际视野和博大的天下情怀，从全世界、全人类整体利益的角度思考问题，深刻揭示了世界各国相互依存和人类命运紧密相连的客观现实和发展规律，鲜明指出“这个世界越来越成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体”。提出全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议，提出建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界，推动构建人类命运共同体。这一重要理念一经提出，就在指引实践中不断彰显真理力量，在团结合作中不断收获广泛支持。推动构建人类命运共同体成为新时代中国外交的鲜明旗帜，是习近平外交思想的核心理念。在倡导人类命运共同体重要理念的同时，习近平总书记开创性地提出推动构建相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系，走出一条国与国交往的新路，为构建人类命运共同体开辟了实践路径、创造了根本条件。构建人类命运共同体是世界各国人民前途所在，这一理念的提出与发展顺应了世界大势和人类发展方向，反映了中外优秀文化和全人类共同价值追求，为世界发展和人类未来贡献了中国方案，为世界人民的共同福祉指明了正确道路。

把为人类作出新的更大贡献作为自己的使命担当。习近平总书记指出，中国共产党将“一如既往为世界和平安宁作贡献”“一如既往为世界共同发展作贡献”“一如既往为世界文明交流互鉴作贡献”。强调中国始终做世界和平的建设者，坚定走和平发展道路，始终是反对霸权主义的坚定力量，中国坚持把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上，绝不走传统大国殖民扩张的老路，中国坚持同各国平等相待、相互尊重，中国永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围；始终做全球发展的贡献者，坚持走共同发展道路，继续奉行互利共赢的开放战略，将自身发展经验和机遇同世界各国共享，让中国发展更好惠及世界；始终做国际秩序的维护者，坚持走合作发展的道路，维护以联合国为核心的国际体系、以国际法为基础的国际秩序，坚决支持和维护多边主义，在国际上主持公道、伸张正义、践行平等，维护和促进广大发展中国家正当权益，坚定站在历史正确的一边，站在人类文明进步的一边。

当前，世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开。一方面，和平、发展、合作、共赢的历史潮流不可阻挡，人心所向、大势所趋决定了人类前途终归光明。另一方面，恃强凌弱、巧取豪夺、零和博弈等霸权霸道霸凌行径危害深重，和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字加重，人类社会面临前所未有的挑战。世界又一次站在历史的十字路口，何去何从取决于各国人民的抉择。我们相信，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，在习近平外交思想的科学指引下，中国将更好促进世界和平与发展，推动构建人类命运共同体，同世界人民携手开创人类更加美好的未来。

  （作者系中央党史和文献研究院副院长）

（来源：《学习时报》2022年11月18日第1版）

 

Fundamental principles and guidelines for China's diplomacy in the new era
Huang Yibing Party History 2022-11-17 23:42 Posted on Beijing

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that we have comprehensively promoted major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, promoted the establishment of a new type of international relations, and actively participated in the reform and construction of the global governance system. In the ten years of the new era, the reason why China's diplomacy has been able to overcome difficulties and forge ahead in the complex and severe international situation, and has achieved world-renowned achievements is fundamentally because General Secretary Xi Jinping is at the helm and navigating, and it is fundamentally because Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is particularly important. It is the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has firmly grasped the development trend of China and the world, and put forward a series of new ideas, propositions and initiatives with Chinese characteristics, embodying the spirit of the times, and leading the trend of human development and progress. China's diplomacy in the new era provides fundamental guidelines and guidelines for action. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is an important part of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This important thought demonstrates the truth power of Marxism, shines with the radiance of Chinese culture and Chinese spirit, and has a unique and distinctive theoretical character.

Demonstrate the power of scientific truth

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "Marxist science reveals the law of the development of human society, points out the path for human beings to seek their own liberation, and promotes the process of human civilization. It is a powerful ideological weapon for us to understand and transform the world." Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy holds high the glorious banner of Marxism, always adheres to the standpoint, viewpoint and method of Marxism, and the entire theoretical system shines with the truth of Marxism.

Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is a major theoretical achievement of the "combination of the two". Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy insists on combining the basic principles of Marxism with the practice of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics and with the excellent traditional Chinese culture. The latest achievements of modernization in the field of diplomacy. This idea adheres to the basic Marxist viewpoint on the law of human social development, firmly believes in the belief, grasps the trend of the times, and leads China's diplomacy to fulfill its responsibilities for national rejuvenation and human progress; adheres to the basic principle of Marxism about the movement of contradictions in things, and deeply analyzes international The evolution of the situation, accurately grasp the basic characteristics of my country's external environment, overall planning and promotion of external work; adhere to the Marxist thinking on productivity and production relations, accurately analyze the problems faced by economic globalization and world economic development, and propose global governance with Chinese characteristics Persist in the Marxist thoughts on world history, focus on the common interests of the Chinese people and the people of the world, and put forward the important concept of promoting the construction of a new type of international relations and promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind. This series of original major ideas scientifically answered and solved the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times, and greatly deepened the understanding of the laws of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics.

Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is a systematic and scientific system of thought and theory. The great era calls for ideological and theoretical innovation, and the great practice breeds a scientific theoretical system. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy adheres to the combination of theory and practice, and the unity of epistemology and methodology. It makes a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the overall situation of the party and the country's foreign affairs, and comprehensively pioneers and innovates China's diplomatic theories. It is a scientific, complete and logical ideological and theoretical system. The main line of this theoretical system is clear. It clarifies that major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era must firmly grasp the main line of serving national rejuvenation and promoting human progress, and points out the mission and direction of my country's foreign work in the new era. This theoretical system is logically rigorous, and the core essence of the "Ten Persistences" clarifies the fundamental guarantee, mission, purpose, strategic layout, and main tasks of China's diplomacy in the new era, forming a systematic and interlinked organic whole. This theoretical system is extensive and profound, profoundly revealing the essential requirements, internal laws and direction of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and greatly expanding the connotation and extension of China's diplomatic theory.

Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is a shining example of applying Marxist thinking and working methods. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy insists on using dialectical materialism and historical materialism. It is both a world outlook and a methodology, and contains rich Marxist thinking methods and working methods. This thought emphasizes that we must establish a correct view of history, the overall situation, and roles in order to grasp the international situation, which provides us with a scientific method for accurately analyzing the general trend of the world and the historical position of our country; The development law and interrelationship of the overall situation, unifying, combining and taking into account the two overall situations in actual work; emphasizing the strengthening of top-level design, strategic planning and strategy application; emphasizing adherence to bottom-line thinking, preparing from the disadvantages in everything, and striving for the best As a result, we firmly grasped the initiative in external work; emphasized the importance of work effectiveness, insisted on carrying forward the style of seeking truth and being pragmatic, and working hard, and clarified the direction of work with the spirit of nailing nails, and paid close attention to implementation.

full of deep feelings of the people

The masses of the people are the source of strength of our party and the source of strength of China's diplomacy. Only by being rooted in the people, with the people in mind, and benefiting the people, can the major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era win the trust and support of the people, have a deep foundation, vigorous strength, and drive forward. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy adheres to the fundamental stance of the supremacy of the people, adheres to the people-centered development thought, and insists on the dominant position of the people, which demonstrates the distinctive character of the people's nature of Marxism.

Adhere to the concept of diplomacy for the people and serve the people wholeheartedly. All the work of our party is to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. China's diplomacy is the diplomacy of the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that we must "adhere to diplomacy for the people and serve the people wholeheartedly." Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy insists on putting the people in the highest position in his heart, takes seeking happiness for the people as the fundamental task, puts safeguarding the interests of the country and the people at the top of the list, and regards the people's sense of happiness, security and satisfaction as an important measure of diplomatic work. The ruler always takes the hearts of the people at heart, thinks what the people think, is anxious about their needs, solves their worries, and manages diplomacy that satisfies the people so that Chinese citizens can feel the strength and warmth of the motherland everywhere in the world. Feel the dignity and glory of being a Chinese.

Take root in the masses and gather the wisdom and power of the people. The people are the creators of history and the real heroes. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "adhering to the dominant position of the people and fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of the people have always been the strong foundation for our party to remain invincible." Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy always relies on the people, listens to the people at all times, implements the party's mass line, respects the people's dominant position and pioneering spirit, welcomes the people to care about diplomacy, participate in diplomacy, and supervise diplomacy, and fully mobilizes the enthusiasm, initiative, and enthusiasm of the overwhelming majority of the people. Creativity, pooling the wisdom and strength of the people into the cause of diplomacy.

Pay attention to the well-being of the people and enhance the friendship of the people of the world. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "the Communist Party of China came from the people and relied on the people to develop and grow. We are also willing to benefit the people of all countries in the world." Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy always pays attention to the future and destiny of mankind, promotes the common well-being of all countries, unites people's friendship, combines the Chinese dream with the beautiful dreams of people around the world, combines China's development with the development of the world, and combines the interests of the Chinese people with the interests of people around the world. Common and fundamental interests are combined to promote peaceful coexistence, common development and win-win cooperation among all countries.

Demonstrate strong practical power

The practical point of view is the basic point of view of Marxist epistemology, and practicality is a distinctive feature that distinguishes Marxist theory from other theories. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy comes from practice and guides practice. It is not only a high-level summary and sublimation of China's diplomatic practice, but also a guide to our actions to promote major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era. It is a powerful ideological weapon that has been tested in practice and is full of practical power.

It is rooted in the rich practice of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy was developed in the course of the magnificent Chinese diplomatic practice planned and led by General Secretary Xi Jinping, and in the process of solving one major problem after another in my country's diplomatic work. This thought focuses on the issues of the times, sums up practical experience, and scientifically answers a series of major theories and practices such as what kind of world China should promote, what kind of international relations it should build, what kind of diplomacy China needs under the new situation, and how to conduct diplomacy. Questions, at a new historical starting point, lay the foundation for China's diplomacy in the new era. This idea serves the national interests of China, which is approaching the center of the world stage, firmly grasps the development trend of the current era, accurately judges the new historical position of my country's development, and makes a conclusion that the world today is undergoing major changes unseen in a century, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered the key A series of major strategic conclusions such as the period of time have determined the strategic goals and strategic coordinates of my country's diplomatic work in the new era. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is an ever-evolving and open theory, and will continue to develop, enrich and improve along with the great practice of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

Demonstrated the great power to lead and promote China's diplomatic practice. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in the face of complex and severe international situations and unprecedented external risks and challenges, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has emphasized coordinating domestic and international situations, improving the leadership system and mechanism of the Party’s foreign affairs work, and strengthening the top-level leadership of foreign affairs. Design, make a strategic plan for major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, promote the common values ​​of all mankind, such as peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom, and lead the trend of human progress. Under the correct guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, we have blazed a new path of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, and my country's foreign work has achieved all-round and groundbreaking historical achievements. We comprehensively promote major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, firmly uphold international fairness and justice, advocate and practice genuine multilateralism, take a clear-cut stand against all hegemonism and power politics, and unswervingly oppose any unilateralism, protectionism, hegemony Ling Xing. We have improved the overall layout of our diplomacy, actively built a network of partnerships covering the world, and promoted the establishment of a new type of international relations. We have demonstrated our responsibility as a major country, actively participated in the reform and construction of the global governance system, and comprehensively carried out international cooperation in the fight against the new crown pneumonia epidemic, which has won wide international acclaim. my country's international influence, appeal, and shaping power have significantly increased.

Contains strong Chinese style

China must have its own distinctive major-country diplomacy. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "We must enrich and develop the concept of foreign affairs on the basis of summarizing practical experience, so that my country's foreign work has distinctive Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese style." Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy insists that the excellent traditional Chinese culture and the fine traditions of New China’s diplomacy should not be lost, adheres to integrity and innovation, and develops Chinese diplomatic theories that are full of Chinese characteristics, demonstrate the strength of the nation, and lead the trend of the times.

Persist in shaping the unique spiritual identity of the Chinese nation with excellent traditional Chinese culture. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "Chinese excellent traditional culture is the crystallization and essence of Chinese civilization, the root and soul of the Chinese nation, and the foundation for us to gain a firm foothold in the turbulent world culture." The Chinese culture has a long history, accumulates the deepest spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation, represents the unique spiritual identity of the Chinese nation, and provides rich nourishment for the endless growth and development of the Chinese nation. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is rooted in the profound Chinese traditional culture, absorbs the cultural nutrients accumulated by the Chinese nation over five thousand years of long struggle, combines the essence of traditional culture with the diplomatic practice of a major country with Chinese characteristics, and contributes a series of Chinese concepts and propositions to the world. For example, the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind demonstrates the broad-mindedness of "the world is one for all, and the world is a harmonious world", the correct concept of justice and benefit reflects the lofty pursuit of "integrating justice and benefit", and the concept of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusive neighborhood diplomacy extends The way of life, the global development initiative interprets the lofty ideal of "consolidating the world". These major concepts and propositions embody the spiritual pursuit, spiritual characteristics, and spiritual context of the Chinese nation. In the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture, the dialectical unity of the nation and the world has been realized, and it has provided a basis for solving the common problems faced by contemporary mankind. The Chinese plan has carried forward the Chinese spirit and contributed Chinese power in promoting world peace and development.

Adhere to the combination of the fine traditions of foreign affairs and the characteristics of the times to shape the unique style of China's diplomacy. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy dialectically unifies inheritance and development, inherits and carries forward the fine traditions of New China’s diplomacy, enriches the concept of developing a path of peaceful development, and clearly puts forward important ideas and major initiatives such as jointly building the “Belt and Road” and promoting the common values ​​​​of all mankind. Struggle, be good at struggle, endow an independent foreign policy of peace, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, promote the establishment of a new international political and economic order, and promote the construction of a harmonious world with new connotations of the times. With the characteristics of the times. This idea insists on principles, friendship, morality, and justice. It demonstrates the spirit of a big country that upholds integrity and innovation, the world sentiment of self-improvement, openness and tolerance, and the lofty character of empathy and righteousness. It has shaped China's diplomacy. His unique demeanor has won wide acclaim from the international community, greatly enhanced China's international reputation, and greatly inspired the hearts of the party, the army, and the people.

Through a firm strategic self-confidence

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "in today's world, if you want to say which political party, country, or nation can be confident, then the Communist Party of China, the People's Republic of China, and the Chinese nation have the most reason to be confident." Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is full of a high degree of strategic confidence, endowing my country with the root and soul of diplomatic work, and guiding the path of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics to become wider and wider.

Adhere to the socialism with Chinese characteristics as the foundation to enhance strategic confidence. To achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must strengthen our confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that the cause of the party and the country always advances in the right direction. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy unswervingly adheres to and develops socialism with Chinese characteristics. Socialism is a shining example of fundamentally enhancing strategic self-confidence. This idea fully demonstrates the remarkable advantages and strong vitality of my country's national system and national governance system, fully demonstrates the Chinese spirit, Chinese values, and Chinese power, and fully demonstrates that China has the ability and responsibility to play a greater role in global affairs. Countries will work together to make greater contributions to solving the problems of all mankind. Adhering to the foundation of socialism with Chinese characteristics to enhance strategic self-confidence embodies China's national will, national spirit and international image in the new era. It is the source of strength and the foundation of our belief in foreign affairs. The root cause of stronger confidence, stronger confidence, more powerful actions, and more outstanding achievements.

Maintain a strong strategic focus and concentrate on running your own affairs well. The development of a country or a nation depends on walking its own path well, and the key lies in running its own affairs well. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Maintaining strength, enhancing confidence, and concentrating on running our own affairs well are the key to our response to all kinds of problems.The key to risks and challenges”. In the face of the accelerated evolution of the world’s major changes unseen in a century, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that “my country’s development has entered a period where strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing.” Our greatest opportunity is As we continue to grow and develop, we must also pay attention to various risks and challenges, and be good at turning crises into opportunities and turning crises into safety. We must be good at insight into global trend changes from subtle marginal changes, and be good at strategic thinking from historical comparisons. We must assess the situation, To be prepared for danger in times of peace, we must not only have the strategic determination to seize and make good use of important strategic opportunities to promote reform and development, but also be keenly aware of changes in the internal and external environment, coordinate the overall domestic and international situations, and work together to do a good job in various tasks to solidly promote economic and social development. Development. These important expositions reflect the profound insight and scientific grasp of the overall domestic and international situation by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, endowing Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thinking with strong strategic determination, strategic confidence, and strategic patience.

Uphold a broad world mind

The Communist Party of China is a political party that seeks happiness for the Chinese people and a political party that strives for the cause of human progress. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy insists on keeping the world in mind, full of wise thinking and unique ideas on major issues of human development, providing Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to common global challenges and problems, leading China's diplomacy to contribute to the world, and promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, Unremitting efforts to promote human development and progress.

Pay attention to the future and destiny of mankind with a global perspective, and advance hand in hand with all progressive forces in the world. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has stood at the height of the historical development of mankind, with a broad international perspective and a broad world sentiment, thinking about issues from the perspective of the overall interests of the world and all mankind, and profoundly revealed the interdependence of countries in the world The objective reality and laws of development that are closely linked to the destiny of mankind clearly point out that "this world is increasingly becoming a community of shared future with me in you and you in me." Put forward global development initiatives and global security initiatives, propose to build a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, inclusiveness, cleanliness and beauty, and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Once this important concept was put forward, it has continuously demonstrated the power of truth in guiding practice, and has continuously gained extensive support in unity and cooperation. Promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind has become a clear banner of China's diplomacy in the new era and is the core concept of Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought. While advocating the important concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, General Secretary Xi Jinping pioneered the promotion of the establishment of a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness, justice, and win-win cooperation. The practice path creates fundamental conditions. Building a community with a shared future for mankind is the future of the people of all countries in the world. The proposal and development of this concept conforms to the general trend of the world and the direction of human development, reflects the excellent Chinese and foreign cultures and the common value pursuit of all mankind, and contributes to the development of the world and the future of mankind. The Chinese plan, It has pointed out the correct path for the common well-being of the people of the world.

Take it as your mission to make new and greater contributions to mankind. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the Communist Party of China will "as always contribute to world peace and tranquility", "as always contribute to the common development of the world" and "as always contribute to the exchange and mutual learning of world civilizations". Emphasizing that China has always been a builder of world peace, has firmly followed the path of peaceful development, and has always been a staunch force against hegemony. China insists on putting the development of the country and the nation on the basis of its own strength, and will never follow the old path of colonial expansion of traditional powers. China insists on treating all countries as equals and respecting each other. China will never seek hegemony, expansion, or sphere of influence; it will always be a contributor to global development, adhere to the path of common development, and continue to pursue a mutually beneficial and win-win opening strategy. Share its own development experience and opportunities with other countries in the world, so that China's development can better benefit the world; always be the defender of the international order, adhere to the path of cooperative development, and maintain the international system with the United Nations as the core and the international order based on international law. Resolutely support and safeguard multilateralism, uphold fairness, uphold justice, and practice equality in the international arena, safeguard and promote the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries, and firmly stand on the right side of history and the progress of human civilization.

At present, changes in the world, times, and history are unfolding in unprecedented ways. On the one hand, the historical trend of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win results is irresistible. The aspirations of the people and the general trend determine that the future of mankind will eventually be bright. On the other hand, hegemonic and bullying behaviors such as bullying, stealing, and zero-sum games are deeply harmful. The deficits in peace, development, security, and governance have intensified. Human society is facing unprecedented challenges. The world is once again standing at the crossroads of history, and the path to follow depends on the choices of the people of all countries. We believe that under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and under the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, China will better promote world peace and development, promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and join hands with the people of the world to create a better future for mankind. future.

(The author is vice president of the Central Party History and Literature Research Institute)

(Source: "Study Times" 1st Edition, November 18, 2022)