The Costs of the Russo-Ukraine War on Russia's Allies: The Case of Cuba

 

The U.S. led sanctions strategy against Russia appears to be working well--but not against Russia.  Marc Frank for Reuters recently reported on the effect of anti-Russian sanctions on a Cuba, a key Russian ally in the Western Hemisphere.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine is making Cuba's three-year-old foreign exchange crisis worse as import costs jump, undermining an incipient recovery and threatening more hardship for residents, according to economic experts and businessmen. Vital imports including fuel and grains have seen prices soar between 25% and 40% this year, putting new pressure on a government chronically short of dollars, said the businessmen, who include three foreigners with years of working in joint ventures as well as the head of a Cuban factory. "The Cuban government is feeling the pain, as is the general population and the nascent sector of private Cuban entrepreneurs. Things are looking very difficult for Cuba in the short and medium term," said Canadian lawyer Gregory Biniowsky, who has been a consultant on business and investment in Cuba for decades. (Analysis: Ukraine-related price jolts threaten Cuba's already tepid recovery)

 The essay appears below.  What is noteworthy here is the way that targeted sanctions can have ripple effects along lines of dependence in global economic interactions. Part of that ripple effect has recieved substantial attention--the effect of sanctions on Russian adversaries--especially European states dependent on Russian natural gas.  Less well reported has been the effects of Russian dependencies.  In this case the effect on Cuba is substantial.  Even more interesting might be the effect on Russian allies in Central Asia, on Syria and on Iran. This is not to suggest that sanctions are either good or bad; it is to suggest, however that sanctions as an instrument of policy can have multi-directional effect and that may change both the use and construction of specific sanctions.

 

Analysis: Ukraine-related price jolts threaten Cuba's already tepid recovery

By Marc Frank

HAVANA, April 18 (Reuters) - The Russian invasion of Ukraine is making Cuba's three-year-old foreign exchange crisis worse as import costs jump, undermining an incipient recovery and threatening more hardship for residents, according to economic experts and businessmen.

Vital imports including fuel and grains have seen prices soar between 25% and 40% this year, putting new pressure on a government chronically short of dollars, said the businessmen, who include three foreigners with years of working in joint ventures as well as the head of a Cuban factory.

"The Cuban government is feeling the pain, as is the general population and the nascent sector of private Cuban entrepreneurs. Things are looking very difficult for Cuba in the short and medium term," said Canadian lawyer Gregory Biniowsky, who has been a consultant on business and investment in Cuba for decades.

The Cuban businessman, who like his foreign peers requested anonymity, said state companies were already working in difficult conditions before Havana's long-time ally Russia attacked Ukraine in February and those conditions were deteriorating.

"We are getting hit with power, fuel and other reductions to our allocated plans. We were already scraping the barrel to keep going and now it is getting worse,” he said.

Communist-run Cuba imports around 60% of the fuel and 65% of the food it consumes, according to the government. The spike in import costs risks worsening shortages already forcing citizens to line up for food, medicine and other basic goods.

Economy Minister Alejandro Gil in late March said higher prices were undermining plans to cut import costs, adding that gas shortage and power outages were in part due to higher fuel prices and shipping disruptions.

"Until the month before last ... a 40,000-ton diesel tanker cost us $35-36 million," he said, "and today that same ship costs $58 million."

Cuban gasoline and electricity prices are fixed by the state which absorbs higher import costs. The same is true of some food, which the government distributes through a ration system, leading to shortages and soaring prices on the informal market when it is cash short.

"The collapse of the Russian economy will severely impact trade and financial relations with Cuba. And you also have more indirect impacts through increased prices," said Cuban economist Ricardo Torres.

WHERE IS THE MONEY?

The price spikes caused by the war are just the latest blow to the country’s finances, which have already suffered from former U.S. President Donald Trump's sanctions on U.S. tourism and remittances and from the coronavirus pandemic, which shuttered tourism from elsewhere.

“They are taking one blow after another on the chin,” one of the foreign businessmen said.

The Cuban government did not respond to a request for comment for this story.

Cuba is not a member of the International Monetary Fund or any other global lending organizations from which it could seek aid to cushion the crisis.

Cuban pesos are not exchangeable outside of the Caribbean island nation, making it dependent on dollars earned from exports and services such as tourism to pay for everything from fuel, food and medicine to agricultural supplies, machinery and spare parts.

The cash crunch led to a 40% drop in imports during the 2020-21 period, the government reported, even as it failed to meet countless payments to creditors and suppliers more than a dozen diplomats and businessmen told Reuters at the time, and stopped exchanging foreign currency for pesos on the domestic market.

The Cuban economy shrank 9% during the first two years of the pandemic, according to official numbers, with shortages caused by the government's tight budget leading to blackouts and unprecedented protests last July.

The government forecast 4% growth this year, but tourism and some other sectors such as sugar fell well short of expectations the first quarter, according to state media reports.

“Investors are all very worried because higher prices can only worsen shortages, power outages, transportation woes and our state partners’ ability to pay us,” one of the foreign businessmen said.

Reporting by Marc Frank; Editing by Christian Plumb and Grant McCool