One ought to expect an increasing flow of critical policy papers from meetings leading up ti the next Chinese Communist Party Congress. I have considered a profoundly key element--the elaboration of whole process democracy (全过程民主) as the socialist approach to democratic legitimacy (Linking People to Governing Institutions Through Leninist Political Parties: 全过程民主 (Whole Process Democracy), Socialist Consultative Democracy, and 《中国新型政党制度》 (China's New Political Party System)).
An equally important element of Chinese socialist reform--and the development of a conceptual autonomy for a Leninist approach to governance--touches on the conceptual development of Chinese Marxist Market ideology. That project focuses on the development of a maturing theorization of markets-based economic organization that is both coordinated through state organs and directed toward public policy objectives, one undertaken since the time of the Era of Reform and Opening Up (see my discussion in "Central Planning versus Markets Marxism," (2016) 32 Conn. J. Int'l L. 1). The Leninist market is one in which markets decision making is guided by the political vanguard in the service of its Basic Line as it changes through the stages of historical development of the state.
At the time no one was playing attention in the liberal democratic West whose elites were at the time convinced that this Chinese Leninist project was a passing phase in China's relentless march toward liberal democracy.
People are paying attention now.
What was already understood in the theory of Markets Marxism almost a decade ago by anyone paying attention is now bearing frt in ways that may challenge the strategic interests of liberal democratic systems.
President Xi Jinping on Tuesday stressed improving a new system for mobilizing the resources nationwide to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields and comprehensively strengthening efforts to conserve resources.
Xi, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks while presiding over the 27th meeting of the Central Commission for Comprehensively Deepening Reform.
At the meeting, the commission reviewed and adopted the guideline on improving a new system for mobilizing the resources nationwide to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields under the socialist market economy, the guideline on deepening reforms of the academician system, the guideline on strengthening resource conservation, the guideline on deepening the pilot of the marketization of rural collective land designated for business-related construction, and the guideline on deepening reform to promote the healthy development of the rural medical and health care system.
Xi, also head of the commission, said the country should leverage the marked advantages of socialism which has the ability to mobilize resources to accomplish major initiatives, strengthen the leadership of the CPC and the government on major scientific and technological innovation, and give full play to the role of the market.
China should optimize the allocation of innovation resources based on the country's strategic needs, strengthen the country's strategic scientific and technological strength, greatly improve the systematic ability to tackle key scientific and technological problems, and cultivate competitive advantages and seize the strategic initiative in a number of important areas, Xi said. (Xi stresses improving system for achieving breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields).
The announcement represents an effort at a comprehensive application of the principles of Markets Marxism, where markets are understood as an instrument of state policy--and economic activity is a means to political objectives in line with the normative goals of Marxism--the eventual establishment of a communist society. That, in a sense explains the movement from the principal contradiction of Reform and Opening Up (socialist modernization) to that of the New Era (more equitable distribution; the "contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people's ever-growing needs for a better life").
the guideline on improving a new system for mobilizing the resources nationwide to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields under the socialist market economy
the guideline on deepening reforms of the academician system
the guideline on strengthening resource conservation
the guideline on deepening the pilot of the marketization of rural collective land designated for business-related construction
the guideline on deepening reform to promote the healthy development of the rural medical and health care system (Tracking People's Daily)
Note the focus of coordination: technology, academic institutions, sustainability, land collectivization (a sensitive topic), and rural healthcare. These are key areas not merely for the implementation of self-sustaining (self-reflexive really) markets Marxism, but also for the establishment of a self sufficient and detached economic system, one insulated from the global markets into which China will continue to project power--and to consolidate along its Silk Roads--but also one which will not threaten internal markets and its development forces. For an interesting commentary on the challenges of dual circulation policies see here. A more detailed summary follows in the original Chinese. One can expect that the final version of this project will make it way into Xi Jinping's Report to the 20th Party Congress in October.
习近平主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第二十七次会议
强调健全关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制 全面加强资源节约工作
李克强王沪宁韩正出席
《 人民日报 》（ 2022年09月07日 第 01 版）
■ 要发挥我国社会主义制度能够集中力量办大事的显著优势，强化党和国家对重大科技创新的领导，充分发挥市场机制作用，围绕国家战略需求，优化配置创新资源，强化国家战略科技力量，大幅提升科技攻关体系化能力，在若干重要领域形成竞争优势、赢得战略主动。要以完善制度、解决突出问题为重点，提高院士遴选质量，更好发挥院士作用，让院士称号进一步回归荣誉性、学术性。要完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，坚持把节约资源贯穿于经济社会发展全过程、各领域，推进资源总量管理、科学配置、全面节约、循环利用，提高能源、水、粮食、土地、矿产、原材料等资源利用效率，加快资源利用方式根本转变。要深化农村集体经营性建设用地入市试点工作，严格条件、规范程序，探索解决改革中的深层次问题。要健全适应乡村特点、优质高效的乡村医疗卫生体系，让广大农民群众能够就近获得更加公平可及、系统连续的医疗卫生服务
新华社北京9月6日电 中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央全面深化改革委员会主任习近平9月6日下午主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第二十七次会议，审议通过了《关于健全社会主义市场经济条件下关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制的意见》、《关于深化院士制度改革的若干意见》、《关于全面加强资源节约工作的意见》、《关于深化农村集体经营性建设用地入市试点工作的指导意见》、《关于进一步深化改革促进乡村医疗卫生体系健康发展的意见》。
习近平在主持会议时强调，要发挥我国社会主义制度能够集中力量办大事的显著优势，强化党和国家对重大科技创新的领导，充分发挥市场机制作用，围绕国家战略需求，优化配置创新资源，强化国家战略科技力量，大幅提升科技攻关体系化能力，在若干重要领域形成竞争优势、赢得战略主动。要以完善制度、解决突出问题为重点，提高院士遴选质量，更好发挥院士作用，让院士称号进一步回归荣誉性、学术性。要完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，坚持把节约资源贯穿于经济社会发展全过程、各领域，推进资源总量管理、科学配置、全面节约、循环利用，提高能源、水、粮食、土地、矿产、原材料等资源利用效率，加快资源利用方式根本转变。要深化农村集体经营性建设用地入市试点工作，严格条件、规范程序，探索解决改革中的深层次问题。要健全适应乡村特点、优质高效的乡村医疗卫生体系，让广大农民群众能够就近获得更加公平可及、系统连续的医疗卫生服务。
中共中央政治局常委、中央全面深化改革委员会副主任李克强、王沪宁、韩正出席会议。
会议指出，健全关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制，要把政府、市场、社会有机结合起来，科学统筹、集中力量、优化机制、协同攻关。要加强战略谋划和系统布局，坚持国家战略目标导向，瞄准事关我国产业、经济和国家安全的若干重点领域及重大任务，明确主攻方向和核心技术突破口，重点研发具有先发优势的关键技术和引领未来发展的基础前沿技术。要加强党中央集中统一领导，建立权威的决策指挥体系。要构建协同攻关的组织运行机制，高效配置科技力量和创新资源，强化跨领域跨学科协同攻关，形成关键核心技术攻关强大合力。要推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合，强化企业技术创新主体地位，加快转变政府科技管理职能，营造良好创新生态，激发创新主体活力。
会议强调，院士是我国科学技术方面和工程科技领域的最高荣誉称号，两院院士是推进高水平科技自立自强的重要力量。党的十八大以来，我们推动完善院士遴选评审机制、优化学科布局、实行退休退出制度、加强学风作风建设，院士制度不断完善。要注重在重大科学研究和国家重大工程中选拔院士，以重大贡献、学术水平、道德操守为准绳，防止增选中的不正之风。要加强引导规范，鼓励和支持院士专心致志开展科研工作，强化作风学风建设，排除非学术性因素干扰。要严格监督管理，强化院士科研伦理和学术规范责任，营造良好学术和科研环境。广大院士要提高政治站位，增强责任意识，在主动承担国家急难险重科研任务、解决重大原创科学问题、以身作则净化学术环境、培养青年科研人才等方面发挥好表率作用。
会议指出，节约资源是我国的基本国策，是维护国家资源安全、推进生态文明建设、推动高质量发展的一项重大任务。党的十八大以来，我们部署实施全面节约战略，大幅降低能源、水、土地利用强度，大力发展循环经济，在全社会倡导厉行节约、反对浪费，推动资源节约集约高效利用，取得积极成效。要突出抓好能源、工业、建筑、交通等重点领域资源节约，发挥科技创新支撑作用，促进生产领域节能降碳。要增强全民节约意识，推行简约适度、绿色低碳的生活方式，反对奢侈浪费和过度消费，努力形成全民崇尚节约的浓厚氛围。要综合运用好市场化、法治化手段，加快建立体现资源稀缺程度、生态损害成本、环境污染代价的资源价格形成机制，不断完善和逐步提高重点产业、重点产品的能耗、水耗、物耗标准，促进资源科学配置和节约高效利用。要处理好利用和节约、开发和保护、整体和局部、短期和长期的关系，既要坚持底线思维，从严监督管理，防范化解重大资源风险，也要考虑经济社会发展现实需要。
会议强调，推进农村集体经营性建设用地入市改革，事关农民切身利益，涉及各方面利益重大调整，必须审慎稳妥推进。试点县（市、区）数量要稳妥可控。要坚持同地同权同责，在符合规划、用途管制和依法取得前提下，推进农村集体经营性建设用地与国有建设用地同等入市、同权同价，在城乡统一的建设用地市场中交易，适用相同规则，接受市场监管。要坚持节约集约用地，坚持先规划后建设，合理布局各用途土地。要严守土地公有制性质不改变、耕地红线不突破、农民利益不受损，落实永久基本农田、生态保护红线、城镇开发边界等空间管控要求。
会议指出，党的十八大以来，党中央高度重视和加强乡村医疗卫生体系建设，从完善基础设施条件、人员队伍建设、机构运行机制等方面采取一系列举措，持续提升乡村医疗卫生服务能力，基本实现了农民群众公平享有基本医疗卫生服务。要重点强化县域内医疗卫生资源统筹和布局优化，合理配置乡村医疗资源。要加强人才培养和引进，统筹解决好乡村医生薪酬分配和待遇保障问题，打造一支专业化、规范化的乡村医生队伍。要提高农村地区医疗保障水平，强化乡村医疗卫生服务体系功能，加强疾病预防控制能力建设，加快构建起强大的公共卫生体系，为维护人民健康提供有力保障。
中央全面深化改革委员会委员出席会议，中央和国家机关有关部门负责同志列席会议。
Xi Jinping presided over the 27th meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform
Emphasis on improving the new nationwide system for tackling key core technologies and comprehensively strengthening resource conservation
Li Keqiang Wang Huning Han Zheng attended
"People's Daily" (page 01, September 07, 2022)
■ It is necessary to give full play to the obvious advantages of my country's socialist system in that it can concentrate its efforts on major affairs, strengthen the leadership of the party and the state over major scientific and technological innovations, give full play to the role of market mechanisms, optimize the allocation of innovation resources around national strategic needs, and strengthen national strategic scientific and technological strength. Improve the systematic ability of scientific and technological research, form competitive advantages in several important fields, and win strategic initiative. It is necessary to focus on improving the system and solving outstanding problems, improve the quality of academician selection, better play the role of academicians, and make the title of academician further return to honorary and academic. It is necessary to completely, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, insist on saving resources throughout the entire process of economic and social development and in all fields, promote total resource management, scientific allocation, comprehensive conservation and recycling, and improve energy, water, food, land, The efficiency of resource utilization such as minerals and raw materials shall be accelerated, and the fundamental transformation of resource utilization methods shall be accelerated. It is necessary to deepen the pilot work of entering the market for rural collectively-owned commercial construction land, strict conditions, standardize procedures, and explore and solve deep-seated problems in the reform. It is necessary to improve a high-quality and efficient rural medical and health system that adapts to the characteristics of the countryside, so that the majority of farmers can obtain more equitable, accessible, and systematic and continuous medical and health services nearby.
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 6th. General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, President of the State, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and Director of the Central Comprehensive Deepening Reform Commission, Xi Jinping presided over the 27th meeting of the Central Comprehensive Deepening Reform Committee on the afternoon of September 6. Opinions on Improving the New Nationwide System for Tackling Key Core Technologies under the Conditions of a Socialist Market Economy, Several Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Academician System, Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Resource Conservation, and Deepening the Rural Collective Commercial Construction Land Guiding Opinions on the Pilot Work of Entering the Market" and "Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform and Promoting the Healthy Development of the Rural Medical and Health System".
When presiding over the meeting, Xi Jinping emphasized that it is necessary to give full play to the significant advantage of my country's socialist system in that it can concentrate its efforts on major affairs, strengthen the leadership of the party and the state over major scientific and technological innovation, give full play to the role of the market mechanism, and optimize the allocation of innovation resources around the country's strategic needs. National strategic scientific and technological strength, greatly improve the systematic ability of scientific and technological research, form competitive advantages in several important fields, and win strategic initiative. It is necessary to focus on improving the system and solving outstanding problems, improve the quality of academician selection, better play the role of academicians, and make the title of academician further return to honorary and academic. It is necessary to completely, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, insist on saving resources throughout the entire process of economic and social development and in all fields, promote total resource management, scientific allocation, comprehensive conservation and recycling, and improve energy, water, food, land, The efficiency of resource utilization such as minerals and raw materials shall be accelerated, and the fundamental transformation of resource utilization methods shall be accelerated. It is necessary to deepen the pilot work of entering the market for rural collectively-owned commercial construction land, strict conditions, standardize procedures, and explore and solve deep-seated problems in the reform. It is necessary to improve a high-quality and efficient rural medical and health system that adapts to the characteristics of the countryside, so that the vast number of farmers can obtain more equitable, accessible, and systematic and continuous medical and health services nearby.
Li Keqiang, Wang Huning and Han Zheng, members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and deputy directors of the Central Comprehensive Deepening Reform Commission, attended the meeting.
The meeting pointed out that in order to improve the new nationwide system for tackling key and core technologies, it is necessary to organically combine the government, the market, and society, scientifically plan, concentrate, optimize the mechanism, and coordinate tackling problems. It is necessary to strengthen strategic planning and system layout, adhere to the orientation of national strategic goals, target several key areas and major tasks related to my country's industry, economy and national security, clarify the main direction of attack and breakthroughs in core technologies, and focus on research and development of key technologies with first-mover advantages and The basic cutting-edge technology that leads the future development. It is necessary to strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee and establish an authoritative decision-making command system. It is necessary to build an organizational operation mechanism for collaborative research, efficiently allocate scientific and technological strength and innovation resources, strengthen cross-field and interdisciplinary collaborative research, and form a strong synergy for key and core technology research. It is necessary to promote the better combination of effective market and promising government, strengthen the main position of enterprises in technological innovation, accelerate the transformation of government's scientific and technological management functions, create a good innovation ecology, and stimulate the vitality of innovation subjects.
The meeting emphasized that an academician is the highest honorary title in my country's science and technology and engineering science and technology fields, and that academicians of the two academies are an important force in promoting high-level scientific and technological self-reliance. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have promoted the improvement of the selection and evaluation mechanism of academicians, optimized the layout of disciplines, implemented the retirement and withdrawal system, and strengthened the construction of academic style and work style, and the academician system has been continuously improved. It is necessary to pay attention to the selection of academicians in major scientific research and major national projects, and take the major contributions, academic level, and ethics as the yardstick to prevent the unhealthy trend of co-selection. It is necessary to strengthen guidance and norms, encourage and support academicians to concentrate on scientific research work, strengthen the construction of work style and study style, and eliminate the interference of non-academic factors. It is necessary to strictly supervise and manage, strengthen the responsibilities of academicians in scientific research ethics and academic norms, and create a good academic and scientific research environment. The majority of academicians should improve their political positions, enhance their sense of responsibility, and play an exemplary role in taking the initiative to undertake national urgent and dangerous scientific research tasks, solve major original scientific problems, lead by example to purify the academic environment, and cultivate young scientific research talents.
The meeting pointed out that saving resources is my country's basic national policy, and it is a major task to maintain national resource security, promote the construction of ecological civilization, and promote high-quality development. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have deployed and implemented a comprehensive conservation strategy, greatly reduced the intensity of energy, water, and land use, vigorously developed a circular economy, advocated strict conservation and opposed waste in the whole society, and promoted the economical, intensive and efficient use of resources, and achieved positive results. It is necessary to focus on resource conservation in key areas such as energy, industry, construction, and transportation, give play to the supporting role of scientific and technological innovation, and promote energy conservation and carbon reduction in the production field. It is necessary to enhance the national awareness of saving, promote a simple, moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle, oppose extravagance, waste and excessive consumption, and strive to create a strong atmosphere for the whole people to advocate saving. It is necessary to make good use of market-oriented and legalized means, accelerate the establishment of a resource price formation mechanism that reflects the degree of resource scarcity, ecological damage costs, and environmental pollution costs, and continuously improve and gradually improve the energy consumption, water consumption, and material consumption standards of key industries and products. , to promote the scientific allocation of resources and the economical and efficient use of resources. To properly handle the relationship between utilization and conservation, development and protection, overall and partial, short-term and long-term, we must adhere to bottom-line thinking, strictly supervise and manage, prevent and resolve major resource risks, and consider the practical needs of economic and social development.
The meeting emphasized that the promotion of the reform of rural collective commercial construction land into the market is related to the vital interests of farmers and involves major adjustments to the interests of all parties, which must be carried out prudently and prudently. The number of pilot counties (cities, districts) should be kept under control. It is necessary to adhere to the same rights and responsibilities for the same land, and under the premise of compliance with planning, use control and legal acquisition, promote rural collectively-owned construction land and state-owned construction land to enter the market with the same rights and prices, and trade in the unified urban and rural construction land market. The same rules apply and are subject to market supervision. It is necessary to adhere to the economical and intensive use of land, insist on planning before construction, and rationally distribute land for various purposes. It is necessary to strictly abide by the fact that the nature of public ownership of land will not change, the red line of cultivated land will not be broken, and the interests of farmers will not be damaged.
The meeting pointed out that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has attached great importance to and strengthened the construction of the rural medical and health system, and has taken a series of measures in terms of improving infrastructure conditions, personnel team building, and institutional operation mechanisms to continuously improve the capacity of rural medical and health services. The peasants have basically achieved equal access to basic medical and health services. It is necessary to focus on strengthening the overall planning and layout optimization of medical and health resources within the county, and rationally allocate rural medical resources. It is necessary to strengthen the training and introduction of talents, coordinate and solve the problem of salary distribution and treatment guarantee for rural doctors, and build a professional and standardized team of rural doctors. It is necessary to improve the level of medical security in rural areas, strengthen the functions of the rural medical and health service system, strengthen the construction of disease prevention and control capabilities, and accelerate the construction of a strong public health system to provide a strong guarantee for maintaining people's health.
Members of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms attended the meeting, and responsible comrades from relevant departments of the central and state organs attended the meeting as nonvoting delegates.
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