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I was delighted to have been asked to participate in the recently concluded 3rd WBC Wenzhou Entrepreneurs Forum, which was held 2 September 2024 at the campus of the Wenzhou Business College. I was asked to address briefly the Forum's theme: Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of New Quality Productive Forces and Chinese Modernization. The theme, of courser, echoed a significant focus that emerged from the Resolution/Declaration of the 3rd Plenum (introduced here). The event was part of the Mingde Strategic Dialogue (2024) hosted by Renmin University of China and organized by the Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies under the leadership of Wang Wen.
My remarks, entitled "Chinese Entrepreneurs as a leading force for new quality productive forces innovation" follows below in both the original English (the language of delivery) and in a crude Chinese translation I prepared. Both may also be accessed from my website, Backerinlaw (Remarks Text here).
Wenzhou Entrepreneurs Forum:
Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of New Quality Productive Forces
Larry Catá Backer (白 轲)
W. Richard and Mary Eshelman Faculty Scholar; Professor of Law and International Affairs
Pennsylvania State University | 239 Lewis Katz Building, University Park, PA 16802
Remarks: Chinese Entrepreneurs as a leading force for new quality productive forces innovation
2 September 2024
Thank you all very much for the invitation to attend this important event and for the privilege of addressing you briefly. As a foreigner observing the dynamic developments in China there is much to learn. I especially appreciate this opportunity study the ways in which entrepreneurs are actively participating in realizing socialist modernization in the new era through the acceleration of the cultivation of new quality productive forces.
The Resolution/Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reforms and Promoting Chinese-style Modernization” recently adopted at the 3rd Plenum of the 20th Congress focuses on entrepreneurship as a critical element for building a high level socialist market economic system.[1] The resolution speaks to improving the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics, promoting the entrepreneurial spirit, supporting and guiding all types of enterprises to improve the efficiency of resource utilization and management level, fulfill social responsibilities, and accelerate the construction of more world-class enterprises. The acceleration of the development of new quality entrepreneurship, then, appears to be an essential element of socialist modernization and a description of the means by which the nation can, in the words of the Resolution, “give better play to the role of the market mechanism.” In these ways, entrepreneurs in China appear to have a vital role to play to “implement the "two unshakable" principles. Unshakably consolidate and develop the public economy, unshakably encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public economy.”
These fundamental objectives are captured within its wider context in "four urgent needs" (迫切需要; Pòqiè xūyào)[2] emphasized by the General Secretary in his explanation of the 3rd Plenum Resolution/Decision.[3] These suggest a high level of coordination of all of the nation’s productive forces in ways that align the old project of Reform and Opening Up with its new era characteristics as the nation seeks to engage with the general contradiction of current times.
The third of these urgent needs may be particularly relevant--the urgent need to better adapt to the changes in the main contradictions in our society.[4] The General Secretary explained that the objective of promoting and accelerating new quality production is an essential element for the fulfillment of this need. In more concrete terms, it followed that to meet this need it will also be necessary to “optimize the policy environment for entrepreneurship and employment promotion.” Entrepreneurs, it is explained, may contribute to high quality development by focusing on high tech and high efficiency innovation—the former to carry the state of industrial development to new levels, the latter to augment and revitalize the productivity of traditional industry. Entrepreneurs can also contribute to the General Secretary’s emphasis on accelerating the construction of a focus on national strategic talent and especially on improving the mechanism for discovering, selecting, and cultivating young innovative talents.
Nonetheless, the General Secretary highlighted the tasks that must be accomplished to meet the goals and objectives identified in the 3rd Plenum Resolution with relevance new quality development among entrepreneurs. Focusing on promoting the development of the non-public economy, the General Secretary underlined a number of concrete measures that “will better stimulate the endogenous motivation and innovation vitality of the whole society.” These concrete measures are realized through the vigorous embrace of a proper entrepreneurial spirit; structural reform provides the necessary guidance for entrepreneurs to do their part as the embodiment of the spirit of new quality development.
To someone from outside of China, then, it is clear that there is much work to be done and that a pathways forward has been developed . It is also clear that Chinese entrepreneurial organs will contribute to these efforts. There are many insights and innovative ideas that these Chinese efforts may offer people outside of China. Certainly China’s friends within the Belt and Road Initiative community will likely feel the effects of these pathways to innovation. This objective appears in the Resolution and was emphasized in the General Secretary’s explanation. Others might also be able to take insights and successes in China and, giving them national characteristics, apply them to their own journeys along their own national paths. New quality development and innovation in the service of the nation appears to be a universal aspiration. I am grateful to have been able to learn from Chinese efforts in that respect.
Thank you.
温州企业家论坛
加快培育和发展新优质生产力
白 轲
致辞 中国企业家是新高质量生产力创新的引领力量
2024 年 9 月 2 日
非常感谢大家邀请我参加这一重要活动，并有幸向大家发表简短讲话。作为一个观察中国动态发展的外国人，有很多东西需要学习。我特别感谢这次机会，研究企业家如何通过加速培育新优质生产力，积极参与实现新时代的社会主义现代化。
最近在二十届三中全会上通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革推进中国式现代化的决议/决定》强调，企业家精神是建设高水平社会主义市场经济体制的关键要素。决议提出要完善中国特色现代企业制度，弘扬企业家精神，支持和引导各类企业提高资源利用效率和管理水平，履行社会责任，加快建设更多世界一流企业。因此，加快发展新型高素质企业家精神似乎是社会主义现代化建设的必要内容，也是决议中提到的“更好发挥市场机制作用”的体现。从这些方面看，中国企业家在“贯彻‘两个毫不动摇’，毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展”方面发挥着重要作用。
总书记在解释三中全会决议时强调了“四个迫切需要”，这些根本目标在更广泛的背景下得到了体现。这表明，在国家寻求应对当前时代总矛盾的同时，全国生产力必须高度协调，才能把改革开放的旧方案与新时代的特点结合起来。
这些迫切需要中的第三个可能尤其重要——迫切需要更好地适应我国社会主要矛盾的变化。总书记解释说，促进和提升高质量生产的目标是满足这一需求的必要条件。更具体地说，为了满足这一需求，还需要“优化创业就业的政策环境”。总书记解释说，企业家可以通过专注于高科技和高效率创新来促进高质量发展——前者将工业发展状态提升到新的水平，后者可以增强和振兴传统工业的生产力。企业家们也可以为总书记强调的加快建设国家战略人才强国，特别是完善发现、选拔和培养年轻创新人才的机制做出贡献。
尽管如此，总书记强调了实现三中全会决议确定的目标和任务，以及企业家素质新发展。总书记着眼于促进非公有制经济发展，强调了一些具体措施，“将更好地激发全社会内生动力和创新活力”。这些具体措施是通过大力弘扬企业家精神来实现的；结构性改革为企业家作为素质新发展精神的体现者发挥自己的作用提供了必要的指导。
因此，对于来自中国以外的人来说，显然还有很多工作要做，而且已经制定了前进的道路。同样明显的是，中国的企业家机构将为这些努力做出贡献。这些中国的努力可能会给中国以外的人提供许多见解和创新想法。当然，一带一路倡议社区内的中国朋友可能会感受到这些创新途径的影响。这一目标出现在决议中，并在总书记的解释中得到强调。其他国家也可能能够吸取中国的见解和成功经验，并赋予它们民族特色，将其应用于自己走民族道路的旅程中。为国家服务的新的高质量发展和创新似乎是一种普遍的愿望。我很高兴能够从中国在这方面的努力中学习。
谢谢。
[1] Resolution Part II. 5
[2] (( 1）实现新时代新征程党的中心任务的迫切需要；（2） 推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的迫切需要；（3）更好适应我国社会主要矛盾变化的迫切需要；（4） 推动党和国家事业行稳致远的迫切需要
[3] 习近平：关于《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》的说明 [Xi Jinping: Explanation on the "Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reforms and Promoting Chinese-style Modernization"] (http://cpc.people.com.cn/n1/2024/0721/c64094-40282038.html).
[4] The 4 urgent need include: ( 1）实现新时代新征程党的中心任务的迫切需要；（2） 推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的迫切需要；（3）更好适应我国社会主要矛盾变化的迫切需要；（4） 推动党和国家事业行稳致远的迫切需要
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