Flora Sapio and I recently participated in a day long set of events centered around China's "Social Credit" Initiative and related issues of big data management. Meeting with government officials and academics we exchanged ideas about the scope, character, and principles of an analogous project of "social credit" initiatives as they might exist outside of China. The events were organized by Capital Normal University and Professor Shi Xinzhong, director of the Credit Legislation and Credit Evaluation Research Center of Capital Normal University, who also moderated the event. We are grateful for his efforts in organizing a quite successful event. Special thanks as well to Shaoming Zhu, the President of the Foundation for Law and International Affairs, whose sensitive translation efforts were an essential element of the success of this event.
We very much appreciated the opportunity to exchange views with the participants at the Conference, whose names appear below. A critical task for policy makers and academics studying and participating in the construction of social credit systems within their own legal-political systems, is to understand both the legal basis and the political framework within which these initiatives may develop. As between the United States and China, a comparative perspective is essential in order to provide both a basis for cross cultural understanding of the efforts of each nation, and on that basis to usefully seek lessons form those efforts that might be of use domestically.
The Conference was attended by media representatives as well. To give a sense of public reaction, this post includes some of the coverage of that meeting by
Zhonghongwang (China Macroeconomic Network) Reporter Zhang Quan, as well as in “Macroeconomic Management” is the official journal of the National Development and Reform Commission.
The reporting that follows include both the中文版 (the original Chinese language version), and with thanks to the marvelous translation skills of Flora Sapio, the English version. The originals may be accessed here:
The reporting that follows include both the中文版 (the original Chinese language version), and with thanks to the marvelous translation skills of Flora Sapio, the English version. The originals may be accessed here:
http://www.zhonghongwang.com//show-94-90889-1.html?from=groupmessage
http://www.zhonghongwang.com//show-170-90767-1.html?from=groupmessage
http://www.zhonghongwang.com/show-170-90881-1.html
http://www.zhonghongwang.com/show-94-91131-1.html
My presentation PowerPoints will follow in a separate post.
Creating a New Pattern of Research on China’s Credit Legislation and Credit Rating From an International Perspective
Zhonghongwang, 25 April 2018
Zhonghongwang, 25 April 2018
The Seminar Venue
Photo: Zhonghongwang Reporter Zhang Quan
Photo: Zhonghongwang Reporter Zhang Quan
Zhonghongwang – Beijing, April 25 (Reporter Wang Jingyi). This morning, a seminar bringing toether a seminar bringing together senior experts in research on domestic and foreign credit legislation was held at Zhonghongwang. The seminar aimed at drawing from the European and American credit construction experience from an open perspective, and providing references for topics such as research on China’s credit construction, systems creation, and credit evaluation.
Foreign experts attending the seminar included Professor Larry Backer, and Professor Flora Sapio, formerly a honorary fellow at the CIW at the ANU. They respectively reported on the status of the construction of the U.S. and European credit system. Zhu Shaoming, the President of the Foundation for Law and International Affairs, was among the experts attending the seminar.
According to reports, Professor Backer’s presentation on the U.S. credit system was chaired by Professor Shi Xinzhong, director of the Credit Legislation and Credit Evaluation Research Center of Capital Normal University. In the afternoon, Professor Flora Sapio’s presentation on the European credit system was chaired by the director of the Beijing Municipal Academy of Social Sciences Survey and Research Center. Lu Xiaocheng moderated the presentation.
The Chinese experts participating to the seminar include:
Liu Zhaobin. President, China Quality Promotion Association, former General Engineer at AQSIQ
Fang Zhulan. Professor, School of Economics, Renmin University of China
Lin Yuyue. Director, Credit Academic Committee of China Market Society
Han Jiaping. Director, the Institute of Credit Research, Ministry of Commerce
Liu Weiguang. China International E-Commerce Center, Ministry of Commerce
Wang Yong. Researcher, Credit Department, Department of Market Order, Ministry of Commerce
Guo Wenbo. Department of Finance, Department of Credit, National Development and Reform Commission
Han Zhongliang. Researcher, Beijing Academy of Social Sciences
Dou Xiangxiang. Professor of Finance, Peking University
Jing Hua. Secretary General, Beijing Xinxin World Social Innovation Development Center
Sun Ping. Associate Research Fellow, Center for China Rule of Law, East China University of Political Science and Law
Sun Zhiwei. Professor, Beijing University of Materials Science
Xiao Weizhi. Deputy Dean of the Credit Risk Management College of Xiangtan University
Lian Guangyang. Lecturer at the Faculty of Law of Xiangtan University, former a doctoral student at the Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy.
Xie Wei. Lecturer at Xiangtan University Law School, Doctor of Law, at the Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy.
Jin Shanming. Associate Researcher, Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Fu Hongyu. Associate Dean, School of Law, Beijing Foreign Studies University.
Zhang Jinbo. Beijing Changping Science and Technology Park Development Co., Ltd.
Wu Gaochen. Professor and Deputy Dean, School of Politics and Law, Capital Normal University
Xie Xinshui. Professor and Deputy Dean, School of Management, Capital Normal University
Dan Weili. Associate Professor, College of Political Science and Law, Capital Normal University
Foreign experts attending the seminar included Professor Larry Backer, and Professor Flora Sapio, formerly a honorary fellow at the CIW at the ANU. They respectively reported on the status of the construction of the U.S. and European credit system. Zhu Shaoming, the President of the Foundation for Law and International Affairs, was among the experts attending the seminar.
According to reports, Professor Backer’s presentation on the U.S. credit system was chaired by Professor Shi Xinzhong, director of the Credit Legislation and Credit Evaluation Research Center of Capital Normal University. In the afternoon, Professor Flora Sapio’s presentation on the European credit system was chaired by the director of the Beijing Municipal Academy of Social Sciences Survey and Research Center. Lu Xiaocheng moderated the presentation.
The Chinese experts participating to the seminar include:
Liu Zhaobin. President, China Quality Promotion Association, former General Engineer at AQSIQ
Fang Zhulan. Professor, School of Economics, Renmin University of China
Lin Yuyue. Director, Credit Academic Committee of China Market Society
Han Jiaping. Director, the Institute of Credit Research, Ministry of Commerce
Liu Weiguang. China International E-Commerce Center, Ministry of Commerce
Wang Yong. Researcher, Credit Department, Department of Market Order, Ministry of Commerce
Guo Wenbo. Department of Finance, Department of Credit, National Development and Reform Commission
Han Zhongliang. Researcher, Beijing Academy of Social Sciences
Dou Xiangxiang. Professor of Finance, Peking University
Jing Hua. Secretary General, Beijing Xinxin World Social Innovation Development Center
Sun Ping. Associate Research Fellow, Center for China Rule of Law, East China University of Political Science and Law
Sun Zhiwei. Professor, Beijing University of Materials Science
Xiao Weizhi. Deputy Dean of the Credit Risk Management College of Xiangtan University
Lian Guangyang. Lecturer at the Faculty of Law of Xiangtan University, former a doctoral student at the Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy.
Xie Wei. Lecturer at Xiangtan University Law School, Doctor of Law, at the Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy.
Jin Shanming. Associate Researcher, Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Fu Hongyu. Associate Dean, School of Law, Beijing Foreign Studies University.
Zhang Jinbo. Beijing Changping Science and Technology Park Development Co., Ltd.
Wu Gaochen. Professor and Deputy Dean, School of Politics and Law, Capital Normal University
Xie Xinshui. Professor and Deputy Dean, School of Management, Capital Normal University
Dan Weili. Associate Professor, College of Political Science and Law, Capital Normal University
以国际视野开创中国信用立法与信用评估研究新格局
来源:中宏网时间:2018-04-25 09:59:59
研讨会现场 摄影/中宏网记者 张泉
中宏网北京4月25日电(记者王镜榕)今天上午,一场荟萃国内外信用立法与评估研究领域资深专家的研讨会在中宏网召开,会议旨在以开放视野借鉴欧美信用建设经验,就我国信用建设研究与制度创建及信用评估等课题提供参考。
出席本次研讨会的外方专家有美国宾州州立大学法学专家Larry Backer教授、 国问题研究专家 Flora Sapia教授,他们将分别报告美国信用制度建设以及欧洲信用制度建设情况,参加本次研讨会的外方专家还有美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学SJD,法律与国际事务学会主席朱绍明。
据介绍,上午Backer教授的美国信用制度报告环节,将由首都师范大学信用立法与信用评估研究中心主任石新中主持;下午Flora教授的欧洲信用制度报告环节将由北京市社会科学院市情调查研究中心主任、研究员陆小成主持。
参加本次研讨环节的中方专家有:
刘兆斌 中国质量万里行促进会会长,原国家质检总局总工程师
方竹兰 中国人民大学经济学院教授
林钧跃 中国市场学会信用学术委员会主任
韩家平 商务部研究院信用研究所所长
刘伟光 商务部中国国际电子商务中心
王 勇 商务部市场秩序司信用处调研员
郭文波 国家发改委财金司信用处
韩忠亮 北京市社会科学院研究员
窦尔翔 北京大学金融学教授
井 华 北京信世界社会创新发展中心秘书长
孙 平 华东政法大学法治中国建设研究中心副研究员
孙志伟 北京物资学院教授
肖伟志 湘潭大学信用风险管理学院副院长
连光阳 湘潭大学法学院讲师,曾在意大利罗马第二大学修博士课程一年
谢 蔚 湘潭大学法学院讲师,意大利罗马第一大学法学博士。
金善明 中国社会科学院法学所副研究员
傅宏宇 北京外国语大学法学院副院长,美国宾州州立大学JD.
张金波 北京昌平科技园发展有限公司
吴高臣 首都师范大学政法学院教授、副院长
谢新水 首都师范大学管理学院教授、副院长
但未丽 首都师范大学政法学院副教授
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Similarities, Differences, Exchanges and Mutual Recognition Between the Chinese and American Credit Construction
Zhonghongwang, 25 April 2018
Zhonghongwang, 25 April 2018
Professor Larry Backer
Photo: Zhonghongwang Reporter Zhang Quan
Photo: Zhonghongwang Reporter Zhang Quan
Zhonghongwang – Beijing, April 25 (Reporter Wang Jingrong) "After the 19th Congress, social integrity (chengxin) and the integrity of the judiciary have become very important. Especially social integrity, is the component of China’s social credit system on which the largest part of Western studies focus”, stated Professor Larry Backer on April 25, during the Seminar on “The United States and European Credit Systems and their Implications for China”. [He] pointed out how “in China, within the construction of a credit system, social integrity constitutes only a small part. This is where Western countries misunderstand China’s social credit system”.
An American Perspective on the Construction of China's Integrity (chengxin) System
During the seminar, Professor Larry Backer first introduced the characteristics and achievements of China's credit system construction from the perspective of an American legal expert, and he emphasized that two core issued are involved in this system, from its leadership to its implementation. The first one is its systematic, comprehensive top-level design. The second one is strengthening and improving the implementation process through the demonstration and combinations of areas and fields. Larry Backer pointed out that the government is not merely a central leader in decision-making, but it will also play a key role in all key areas. Special attention must be paid to the Party’s core leadership position in the entire issue, and “social credit will become the government’s point of departure in key areas, [and so] government pledges will be respected, and [government] will further supervise the behavior of civil servants.”
The Core Content of the Hidden Construction of Credit in the United States
"In the United States there is no unified platform to collect and monitor credit information credit information.", Professor Larry Backer emphasized in the introduction of the US credit system construction, to provide a reference: "In observing the technical behavior of the US credit system, it should be noted that the issues in its superstructure and ideology (yishi xingtai) are hidden within its technology. This is the opposite of the situation in China”. Larry Backer pointed out that in the West, there is no model similar to China's emerging social credit system. [The Western social credit system] is mainly a model of governance risk management and compliance, which contains three core contents. The first is a data-driven management and control system; then a system for identifying and responding to targeted risks; and a system needed to identify and satisfy legal and social norms, but this is the purpose of the other two aspects. On this basis, technical developments, including supervision, reporting, data collection, integrity packaging and distribution of data, and the linkage between analysis and the principled behavior of targets, are used to formulate reward and punishment systems.
The Ultimate Purpose of the Operation of the U.S. Credit System
Professor Larry Backer combined a case in which a company in Wisconsin in the United States has implanted chips for credit information collection and behavior management in its employees. His analysis pointed out that the guidelines and ultimate purpose of establishing and operating the US credit system are for risk control and compliance. They include, first, at the law enforcement level, a system that can be applied to different aspects, such as a system generated by specific algorithms for different groups of people through data collection. For instance, in the field of law enforcement [such a system] can effectively supervise or control the illegal conducts of some sex offenders. Second, is promoting information transparency, and it is used to supervise the good performance of government and enterprises. Third, in terms of organizational and individual behavior control, behavior control is achieved through credit (xinyong). Fourth, is the influence and the promotion of a credit culture. Larry Backer pointed out that the ultimate goal of these efforts is clarify the responsibilities of individuals, governments or other actors.
The Challenges of U.S. Style Social Credit Construction
Talking about the issue of information collection in the U.S. social credit system, Larry Backer mentioned the management of the Pennsylvania State University through algorithm design and data analysis, pointing out how due to the need for risk management, the school’s hiking association can exist, but it cannot organize hikes. [He pointed out how] the data algorithm is is not neutral, and not biased. “In many cases, there is a supervisory goal behind the application and analysis of data, and it is hoped that a certain result can be achieved through the application of a certain part of the data.”
“Everyone may have discovered two typical characteristics of the US social credit system. One is that there is no unified government supervision; the other is that data analysis and application are entirely market-driven.” Professor Larry Backer also described an analysis of the challenges credit construction in the United States is facing. The first one is the challenge of system construction, including data collection and integrity. The second one is given by management issues, including the coherence of government behavior and the integration of private credit branches, and how to solve the problem of administrative abuse. The third one is given by political issues, such as the integration with political or regulatory standards outside of China, including their application to Chinese companies operating overseas, but also by data collection, data retention, and the integrity of data. The fourth one is an interpretive challenge, including data interpretation and the algorithm itself. The fifth one is whether the review system itself will be damaged by its embedding in the social credit system.
Larry Backer finally pointed out that the relevant components of credit development in the western society are already well developed, but there are still typical differences between the West and China, that is, data is mainly collected on individual business behavior data collection, and there is no unified government supervision. This point is very much different from China.
宾州州立大学专家:中美信用建设之异同、交流与互鉴
来源:中宏网时间:2018-04-25 15:55:19
来源:中宏网时间:2018-04-26 16:46:46
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