"Theory Before Theory, and the Trade War Before the Trade War: Qiushi writing in Qiushi Journal A Perspective on Sinification" Brief Thoughts on Autumn Stone, "On Correctly Handling Government and Market Relations" [论正确处理政府和市场关系]

(Pix © Larry Catá Backer 2018)

Over the course of the last several weeks the Coalition for Peace & Ethics Working Group on Empire has been focusing the ongoing reshaping of the global order through the dialogue between the two emerging imperial powers--China and the United States (CPE EmpireSeries). Like others, CPE-WGE has thought to better analyze the underlying premises that shape the communication between these two trade leadership cores through a more rigorous analysis of the writings of Chinese thought leaders not directly intended for Western audiences.

In our last post Larry Catá Backer considered Zheng Yongnian's  essay, "Is Marxism Really Revived in China? [马克思主义在中国真的复兴了吗？]. The engagement with Marxism within the evolving principles of Chinese engagement with the world might provide useful hints about the principles underlying Chinese discursive styles in its negotiations with the U.S. leadership core. (Brief Thoughts on Zheng Yongnian: Is Marxism Really Revived in China? [郑永年：马克思主义在中国真的复兴了吗？]). This is part of the larger project of theorizing empire from the perspectives of Chinese and U.S. critical actors.

In this post Flora Sapio examines the writing of the person writing under the pen name Autumn Stone [秋 石] in Quishi the theoretical journal of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and the Central Party School. More specifically, the post focuses on Autumn Stone's important article, "On Correctly Handling Government and Market Relations",  [论正确处理政府和市场关系] published on January 15, 2018.

Flora Sapio's essay, "Theory before Theory, and the Trade War Before the Trade War: Qiushi writing in Qiushi Journal: A Perspective on Sinification."

 

Theory Before Theory, and the Trade War Before the Trade War: Qiushi writing in Qiushi Journal

A Perspective on Sinification
Flora Sapio

Ten years ago, the official website of the State Council of the PRC announced the publication of an essay written by Qiushi for the Qiushi Journal. The article was entitled “The banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the banner of the unity of socialism and patriotism”, and it can still be found on the website of the theoretical journal of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and the Central Party School.

Qiushi – Autumn Stone – is a pen name that plays on the homophony with Qiushi – Seeking Truth. The deeper meaning of this name goes beyond a mere homophony. Intellectuals who do not seem to share the same position as Qiushi pointed out how this pen name is the same as the name of a Daoist remedy. Aside from this and other observations, the ‘Autumn Stone’ might be understood as a symbolic reference to the founding of the People’s Republic of China in the autumn of 1949.

The writings of Qiushi seem to have attracted attention among domestic and overseas Chinese intellectuals for a year or two. After the initial sensation, this figure then fell into oblivion. In the meantime, ‘Autumn Stone’ continued to publish essays on Seeking Truth and on the People’s Daily. The writings produced under this pen name are one of the many points of connection between the Hu Jintao Era (and the Obama Administration) and the Xi Jinping Era (and the Trump administration). ‘Autumn Stone’ is a mainstream thinker, and a writer who draws heavily on the formulations/codewords (tifa) used to articulate official ideological or policy positions. In the debate among Chinese intellectuals, his stance deserves attention because of the steadiness with which he has been publishing his writings, and for his ideas about the “Chinese character” of the governance principles adopted by the Chinese Communist Party, and the People’s Republic of China.

‘Autumn Stone’ was among the first authors to comment on the trade friction between the US and China, at a time when the ongoing barrage of reporting on tariffs had not yet begun. The importance of his writings, however, goes well beyond the occasional commentary on the trade war, and the attention such a commentary may attract among Western observers. The writings of ‘Autumn Stone’ are a longer term endeavor to contribute to the development of Marxism, and of Leninism, based on the world Chinese intellectuals live in.

In presenting his thoughts on the development of a political theory that is realistic, feasible and sustainable for China, ‘Autumn Stone’, does not use the conceptual category of ‘Sinification’. At least, he does not so in an article published in the early days of the trade war, and discussing the respective roles of State and market. This author is among those who, before 2010, wrote about a revival of China using the words of Deng Xiaoping

党的十一届三中全会以后，我们集中力量搞四个现代化，着眼于振兴中华民族

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, we concentrated on four modernizations and focused on revitalizing the Chinese nation.

To this author, the fact that ideas, institutions and practices created in England by a German, and then developed by a Russian must be adapted to China is given. ‘Sinification’ therefore does not deserve an abstract discussion, because there seems to be no direct causal relation between ‘Sinification’ and the revival of China. More important than a discussion of processes of adaptation are the concrete parameters within which a reflection on the development of political theory occurs.

‘Autumn Stone’ may start his reflection on the roles of State and market from the West. He may acknowledge debates between different Western schools of thought. He may know the history of economic thought very well. Yet, in thinking about state and market the right point of departure needs not be Western theory, or the history of Western countries. That history is useful to understand how the debate on the roles of State and market is a long-standing one, and to observe both the failures of the State and those of the market from a broader perspective.

In the place and time where the author lives, the problem of the relation between State and market is an entirely new topic, one that cannot be approached from a Western perspective, a classical Marxist perspective, or through a direct borrowing of the experience of other countries. The respective role of State and market can be approached only by exploring China’s  practice (实践), and through the author’s use of dialecticism. From this perspective, the call for exploring China’s practice is nothing less than a call for ‘practice innovation’. Those with a penchant for the hermeneutics of Chinese tifa might find it useful to start considering notions of 理论创新与实践创新相结合.

One of the essays penned by ‘Autumn Stone’ follows, in Chinese and in English (automated translation) is presented for consideration by readers of this blog.

论正确处理政府和市场关系

2018年01月15日 09:00:00 来源： 《求是》2018/2　作者： 秋 石

[复制全文]

　　今年我们将迎来改革开放40周年。40年来，中国的改革开放事业波澜壮阔，取得了巨大成就。总结成功经验，关键一条就是我们坚持在社会主义制度下发展市场经济，不断理顺政府和市场的关系。使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，这是党的十八大以来我们对社会主义市场经济规律认识的一个新突破，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义经济思想的重要内容。更好认识和处理政府和市场的关系，对于在新时代推进全面深化改革、全面建设社会主义现代化国家具有重大意义。

　　一、处理好政府和市场关系是经济体制改革的核心问题

　　社会主义制度建立以后，选择什么样的经济体制，是一个重大的理论和实践问题，核心是如何认识政府和市场的关系。

　　处理好政府和市场关系是经济体制改革的主线。众所周知，传统高度集中的计划经济体制是以排斥市场的作用为特征的。党的十一届三中全会之后，我们党开始探索把计划和市场有机结合起来的体制机制。党的十四大提出我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制，使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用。这一重大理论突破，对我国改革开放和经济社会发展发挥了极为重要的作用。党的十四大以来的20多年，对政府和市场关系，我们党一直在根据实践拓展和认识深化寻找新的科学定位。党的十八届三中全会提出使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用，实现了我们党在理论和实践上的又一次重大突破。党的十九大进一步回答了如何加快完善社会主义市场经济体制、什么是经济体制改革的重点等重大问题，为我们在“两个一百年”奋斗目标的历史交汇期进一步理顺政府和市场的关系指明了方向。正是在对政府和市场关系的持续探索中，我国的经济体制改革不断深化，并通过其牵引作用，带动其他领域改革不断向前推进。

　　进一步理顺政府和市场关系是深化经济体制改革的“牛鼻子”。深化经济体制改革是一个系统工程，涉及市场体系、企业制度、宏观管理、财政金融、劳动就业、社会保障、对外经济等诸多方面。其中，政府和市场关系居于核心位置。我国的改革开放和经济发展已经取得了历史性成就，中国特色社会主义进入了新时代。但也要看到，我国发展还存在一些不平衡不充分的突出问题，例如：发展质量和效益还不高，创新能力不够强，民生领域还有不少短板，城乡区域发展和收入分配差距依然较大，等等。理顺政府和市场关系，是解决发展不平衡不充分问题的关键，是进一步推动经济体制改革的“牛鼻子”。只有把政府和市场关系这个具有全局性和牵引作用的改革牢牢抓在手上，才能全面推动各领域改革向纵深迈进，解决好经济体制中的深层次问题。

　　政府和市场关系也是市场经济体制演变的主题。纵观西方资本主义国家市场经济体制演变发展的历史，国家干预主义和自由放任主义的经济理论交替占据主导地位。以亚当·斯密为代表的古典经济学派崇尚通过自由市场竞争的方式来配置资源，主张政府只充当“守夜人”的角色。但是20世纪30年代经济大危机的爆发，彻底暴露了自由放任市场的严重弊端。作为对完全自由市场的反思，凯恩斯主义主张用以总需求管理为核心的政策对经济实行干预。然而，伴随70年代严重“滞胀”现象的出现，否定政府作用的新自由主义经济学重新兴起。2008年国际金融危机之后，对新自由主义的反思又成为了经济学的潮流。因此，从一定意义上说，一部市场经济理论史就是一部政府和市场关系争论的历史。

　　二、使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用是进一步完善社会主义市场经济体制的关键

　　在社会主义制度下、特别是在中国这样一个处在发展中的社会主义大国，如何处理好政府和市场关系，是一个新的课题。我们不可能从马克思主义经典著作中找到现成的答案，也不可能从其他国家找到可直接借鉴的经验，只能在中国特色社会主义的实践中进行探索。使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，是社会主义市场经济理论的一个重大突破，反映了我们党对市场作用的认识不断深化。

　　市场经济本质上是市场决定资源配置的经济。市场决定资源配置是市场经济的一般规律，是价值规律发挥作用的基本要求。具体内容包括：企业是市场配置资源的主体，生产什么、生产多少、怎样生产和为谁生产由企业根据市场需要自主决定；价格机制是市场配置资源的核心，价格形成机制以市场竞争为主，使价格充分反映资源的供求状况；市场体系是市场配置资源的基础，现代市场体系让企业自主经营、公平竞争，消费者自由选择、自主消费，商品和要素自由流动、平等交换；完善的市场秩序是市场配置资源的保障，政府建立公平、开放、透明的市场规则，实行统一的市场监管。

　　市场是配置资源最有效的形式。经济发展就是要提高资源配置效率，以尽可能少的资源生产尽可能多的产品、获得尽可能大的效益。理论和实践都证明，市场是配置资源最有效率的形式。首先，市场能够有效处理和传递经济信息，在处理和传递有关生产与消费、供给与需求的巨量信息方面，有着其他机制无法比拟的优势。其次，市场能够自动协调利益关系，使各个经济活动主体相互间的利益关系通过市场得到平衡，从而调动各方面的积极性。第三，市场能够有效校正供求失衡，从而形成社会劳动在各个生产部门按比例合理分配的长期趋势。此外，市场还能够鼓励创新、优胜劣汰，有助于提高经济发展的质量和效益，推动经济发展质量变革、效率变革、动力变革。

　　使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用突出了问题导向。改革开放40年来，我国社会主义市场经济体制经历了逐步确立和不断完善的过程。但当前仍然存在不少束缚市场主体活力、阻碍市场和价值规律充分发挥作用的弊端。比如，市场秩序不规范，以不正当手段谋取经济利益的现象广泛存在；生产要素市场发展滞后，要素闲置和大量有效需求得不到满足并存；市场规则不统一，部门和地方保护主义大量存在；市场竞争不充分，阻碍优胜劣汰和结构调整，等等。这些问题不解决好，完善的社会主义市场经济体制是难以形成的，转变发展方式、调整经济结构也是难以推进的。使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，有利于从广度和深度上推进市场化改革，建设现代化经济体系。

　　三、更好发挥政府作用是社会主义市场经济的突出优势

　　政府和市场关系在不同的社会制度和不同的国家具有各不相同的情况。我国是在中国共产党领导和社会主义制度的大前提下发展市场经济，什么时候都不能忘了“社会主义”这个定语。既然我国的经济体制是社会主义市场经济体制，就必须充分发挥社会主义制度的优越性，坚持党的领导，更好发挥政府的作用，有效防范资本主义市场经济的弊端。

　　更好发挥政府作用充分体现了社会主义制度的优越性。市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，并不是起全部作用。一方面，市场机制的作用是有条件的，包括法律体系、竞争规则、宏观环境、社会保障等，这些条件无法依靠市场自身的作用形成。另一方面，市场经济存在局部失灵问题以及盲目性、自发性和滞后性的弊端，容易产生贫富分化和经济波动等问题。资本主义市场经济受剩余价值规律的支配，由此带来劳动与资本的对立，造成贫富分化、生产过剩、经济虚拟化、生态危机突出等深刻弊端。社会主义制度以生产资料公有制为基础，坚持以人民为中心的价值取向。科学的宏观调控，有效的政府治理，是发挥社会主义市场经济体制优势的内在要求。在中国特色社会主义市场经济中，政府的职责和作用具体表现为：保持宏观经济稳定，加强和优化公共服务，保障公平竞争，加强市场监管，维护市场秩序，推动可持续发展，促进共同富裕，弥补市场失灵。从根本上说，更好发挥政府作用，就是在解放和发展社会生产力的基础上，着力解决好不平衡不充分的发展问题，更好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，不断促进人的全面发展和全体人民共同富裕。

　　转变发展理念、转变政府职能是更好发挥政府作用的关键环节。当前，我国在发挥政府作用上还存在两个方面的突出问题：一是一些地方和部门依然是“唯GDP论英雄”，因而制定的规划、出台的政策往往不适应、不适合甚至违背新发展理念；二是政府职能仍存在错位、越位、缺位现象，该放给市场和社会的权没有放足、放到位，该管的事情没有管好、管到位。正确处理政府和市场的关系，必须牢牢把握转变发展理念和转变政府职能这两个关键。这两个方面是相互联系的：不树立新发展理念，必然出现政府不作为、乱作为现象；不转变政府职能，新发展理念就不可能得到很好的贯彻落实。各级政府部门要牢牢树立新发展理念，努力提高统筹贯彻新发展理念的能力和水平，把工作着力点放到推动创新发展、协调发展、绿色发展、开放发展、共享发展上。同时要把新发展理念贯彻到深化经济体制改革中，努力建设法治政府和服务型政府，进一步简政放权，大幅度减少政府对资源的直接配置，把工作重点转向营造公平竞争市场环境、保护生态环境、支持创新等，增强经济发展动力和活力。

　　坚持党对经济工作的集中统一领导是更好发挥政府作用的根本保证。党政军民学，东西南北中，党是领导一切的。中国特色社会主义最本质的特征是中国共产党领导，中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势是中国共产党领导。坚持党的全面领导，发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，是我国社会主义市场经济体制的重要特征。经济工作是党的中心工作，党的领导要在中心工作中得到充分体现。必须充分认识和发挥党对经济工作领导的重要作用，包括把握方向、谋划全局、提出战略、制定政策、推动立法、营造良好环境等。党的领导，为更好发挥政府作用提供了根本保证。在各级党委和政府的职能划分和工作布局上，涉及经济社会发展规划、重大方针政策、工作总体部署以及关系国计民生的重要问题，由党委集体讨论决定；经常性工作则由政府及其部门按照职责权限进行决策和管理，各级党委要支持政府依法充分履行责任。

　　四、把“看不见的手”和“看得见的手”更好结合起来

　　使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，这是新时代党的基本方略的重要内容，也是建设现代化经济体系的必然要求。在如何发挥市场作用和政府作用的问题上，要坚持辩证法、两点论，着力形成市场作用和政府作用有机统一、相互补充、相互协调、相互促进的格局，努力提高党驾驭社会主义市场经济的能力和水平。进入新时代，我们要按照党的十九大提出的“构建市场机制有效、微观主体有活力、宏观调控有度的经济体制”的要求，继续在理顺政府和市场关系上下功夫。既要“有效市场”，又要“有为政府”，把“看不见的手”和“看得见的手”的优势都发挥好，更好地体现社会主义市场经济体制的特色和优势。

　　深刻认识有效市场和有为政府的统一性。使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用，二者是有机统一、相辅相成的，而不是相互割裂、相互否定的。市场有效，是发挥政府作用的重要目的，也是政府有为的重要表现。政府有为，是市场机制有效、微观主体有活力的重要保证，也是弥补市场失灵的必然要求。我国改革开放之所以取得巨大成就，主要是因为我们既充分发挥了市场的作用，同时又坚持了党的领导、发挥了政府的作用，使二者有机结合。我们可以看到，许多发展中国家市场经济的落后不仅表现为市场作用比较弱、市场体系不健全、市场秩序混乱、价格信号扭曲等，也表现为政府作用比较弱、能力不足、效率低下、缺乏权威等。发挥好政府和市场两方面的优势，才能保证经济的持续健康发展。

　　紧紧围绕政府和市场的有机统一推动相关领域改革。坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，着力构建市场机制有效、微观主体有活力、宏观调控有度的经济体制。一方面，要通过深化经济体制改革进一步完善现代市场体系，增强微观经济主体活力，让企业和个人有更多活力和空间去发展经济、创造财富。另一方面，要通过深化经济体制改革进一步推进经济领域国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，加强和改善党对经济工作的领导，创新和完善宏观调控，发挥国家发展规划的战略导向作用，健全财政、货币、产业、区域等经济政策协调机制，加快建立现代财政制度，深化利率和汇率市场化改革，健全货币政策和宏观审慎政策双支柱调控框架。更好发挥政府作用，要把促进社会公平正义、增进民生福祉作为出发点和落脚点，加紧建设对保障社会公平正义具有重大作用的制度，保证全体人民在共建共享中有更多获得感，不断促进人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕。

　　牢牢把握完善产权制度和要素市场化配置这一重点。党的十九大强调，经济体制改革必须以完善产权制度和要素市场化配置为重点，实现产权有效激励、要素自由流动、价格反应灵活、竞争公平有序、企业优胜劣汰。理顺政府和市场关系，当前必须以完善产权制度和要素市场化配置为重点。在完善产权制度方面，要加快完善各类国有资产管理体制，改革国有资本授权经营体制；深化国有企业改革，发展混合所有制经济；完善产权保护制度，依法保护企业家财产权，积极引导民营企业利用产权市场组合民间资本。在推动要素市场化配置方面，要深化商事制度改革，打破行政垄断，防止市场垄断，加快要素价格市场化改革；深化投融资体制改革，发挥投资对优化供给结构的关键性作用；深化金融体制改革，促进多层次资本市场健康发展。

　　实践发展永无止境，理论创新永不停歇。立足新时代新方位，我们要继续在社会主义基本制度与市场经济的结合上下功夫，进一步处理好政府和市场的关系，努力使我国的经济体制更加符合现代化经济体系的要求，推动经济社会实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续的发展！

On Correctly Handling Government and Market Relations

January 15, 2018 09:00:00 Source: "Seeking Truth" 2018/2 Author: Autumn Stone

This year we will celebrate the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up . Over the past 40 years, China’s reform and opening up has been magnificent and has achieved great success. The key to summing up the successful experience is that we insist on developing a market economy under the socialist system and constantly rationalizing the relationship between the government and the market. Make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and give full play to the role of the government. This is a new breakthrough in our understanding of the law of socialist market economy since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and an important part of Xi Jinping’s socialist economic thought with Chinese characteristics in the new era. . A better understanding and handling of the relationship between the government and the market is of great significance for advancing comprehensive and deepening reforms in the new era and building a socialist modernized country in an all-round way.


1. Dealing with government and market relations is the core issue of economic system reform

After the establishment of the socialist system, what kind of economic system to choose is a major theoretical and practical issue. The core is how to understand the relationship between the government and the market.

Dealing with government and market relations is the main line of economic restructuring. It is well known that traditionally highly concentrated planned economic systems are characterized by the role of market exclusion. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, our party began to explore the institutional mechanism that organically combines plans and markets. The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that the goal of China's economic system reform is to establish a socialist market economic system, so that the market plays a fundamental role in resource allocation under the state's macroeconomic regulation and control. This major theoretical breakthrough has played an extremely important role in China's reform and opening up and economic and social development. For more than 20 years since the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has been pursuing a new scientific orientation based on the expansion and deepening of practice. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed that the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation and better plays the role of the government, achieving another major breakthrough in our theory and practice. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further answered the major issues of how to speed up the improvement of the socialist market economic system and what is the focus of the economic system reform, and further rationalize the government and the market for our historical exchange period of the " two hundred years " struggle goal. The relationship indicates the direction. It is in the continuous exploration of the relationship between the government and the market that China's economic system reform has continued to deepen, and through its traction, it has led to the continuous advancement of reforms in other fields.

Further rationalizing the relationship between the government and the market is the " bovine nose " for deepening the reform of the economic system . Deepening economic system reform is a systematic project involving market system, enterprise system, macro management, finance and finance, labor and employment, social security, and foreign economy. Among them, government and market relations are at the core. China’s reform, opening up, and economic development have achieved historic achievements, and socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. However, we must also see that there are still some outstanding problems in China's development, such as: the quality and efficiency of development are not high, the ability to innovate is not strong enough, there are still many shortcomings in the field of people's livelihood, the gap between urban and rural development and income distribution. Still bigger, and so on. Rationalizing the relationship between the government and the market is the key to solving the problem of insufficient development imbalance, and is the " bovine nose " to further promote economic system reform . Only by firmly grasping the overall and traction reform of the government and market relations, can we comprehensively push forward reforms in various fields and solve the deep-seated problems in the economic system.

Government and market relations are also the theme of the evolution of the market economy system. Throughout the history of the evolution of the market economy system in Western capitalist countries, the economic theory of state interventionism and laissez-faire has dominated. Adam Smith as the representative of the classical school of economics respect to the allocation of resources by way of free market competition, advocate the government only act as a "night watchman" role. But the outbreak of the 1930s Great Depression of the economy, thoroughly exposed the serious shortcomings of laissez-faire market. As a reflection on a completely free market, Keynesian advocates the intervention of the economy with policies centered on total demand management. However, with the emergence of the severe “ stagflation ” phenomenon in the 1970s , neoliberal economics that denied the role of the government re-emerged. After the 2008 international financial crisis, the reflection on neoliberalism became the trend of economics. Therefore, in a certain sense, the history of a market economy theory is a history of disputes between the government and the market.

Second, making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation is the key to further improve the socialist market economic system

Under the socialist system, especially in China, a developing socialist country, how to handle the relationship between the government and the market is a new topic. It is impossible for us to find ready-made answers from the classic works of Marxism, nor to find lessons that can be directly borrowed from other countries. We can only explore them in the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation is a major breakthrough in the theory of socialist market economy, reflecting the deepening of our party's understanding of the role of the market.

The market economy is essentially the economy in which the market determines the allocation of resources. The market determines the resource allocation is the general law of the market economy, and is the basic requirement for the value law to play its role. The specific contents include: the enterprise is the main body of market allocation resources, what is produced, how much is produced, how is produced and for whom is produced by the enterprise according to market needs; the price mechanism is the core of market allocation resources, and the price formation mechanism is dominated by market competition. The price fully reflects the supply and demand of resources; the market system is the basis of market allocation resources, the modern market system allows enterprises to operate independently, fair competition, consumers free choice, independent consumption, free flow of goods and elements, equal exchange; perfect market order It is the guarantee of market allocation resources. The government establishes fair, open and transparent market rules and implements unified market supervision.

The market is the most effective form of resource allocation. Economic development is to improve the efficiency of resource allocation, to produce as many products as possible and to obtain the greatest possible benefits with as little resources as possible. Both theory and practice have proven that the market is the most efficient form of resource allocation. First, the market can effectively process and transmit economic information, and there are advantages that other mechanisms cannot match in handling and transmitting huge amounts of information about production and consumption, supply and demand. Secondly, the market can automatically coordinate the interests, so that the interests of the various economic activities are balanced by the market, thus mobilizing the enthusiasm of all parties. Third, the market can effectively correct the imbalance between supply and demand, thus forming a long-term trend of proportional distribution of social labor in various production sectors. In addition, the market can also encourage innovation, survival of the fittest, help to improve the quality and efficiency of economic development, and promote economic development quality change, efficiency change, and power change.

Making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation highlights the problem orientation. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up , China's socialist market economic system has undergone a process of gradual establishment and continuous improvement. However, there are still many shortcomings that constrain the vitality of market players and hinder the full play of the market and value laws. For example, the market order is not standardized, and the phenomenon of seeking economic benefits through improper means is widespread; the development of the production factor market lags behind, the idle elements and the large number of effective demands are not satisfied; the market rules are not uniform, and the department and local protectionism exist in large numbers; Insufficient market competition, hindering the survival of the fittest and structural adjustment, and so on. These problems are not solved well, and a sound socialist market economic system is difficult to form. It is also difficult to promote the transformation of development methods and adjustment of economic structure. Making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation is conducive to promoting market-oriented reforms and building a modern economic system in terms of breadth and depth.

Third, better play the role of the government is the outstanding advantage of the socialist market economy

Government and market relations have different situations in different social systems and in different countries. China is developing the market economy under the premise of the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the socialist system. When can we forget the term " socialism " . Since China's economic system is a socialist market economic system, we must give full play to the superiority of the socialist system, uphold the party's leadership, give better play to the role of the government, and effectively prevent the drawbacks of the capitalist market economy.

Better playing the role of the government fully reflects the superiority of the socialist system. The market plays a decisive role in resource allocation and does not play a full role. On the one hand, the role of the market mechanism is conditional, including the legal system, competition rules, macro environment, social security, etc. These conditions cannot be formed by the role of the market itself. On the other hand, the market economy has local failure problems and the drawbacks of blindness, spontaneity and lag, which are prone to problems such as polarization between the rich and the poor and economic fluctuations. The capitalist market economy is dominated by the law of surplus value, which brings about the opposition between labor and capital, and causes profound shortcomings such as polarization between rich and poor, overproduction, economic virtualization, and ecological crisis. The socialist system is based on public ownership of the means of production and adheres to the value orientation centered on the people. Scientific macroeconomic regulation and control and effective government governance are the inherent requirements for exerting the advantages of the socialist market economic system. In the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, the government's responsibilities and roles are embodied in: maintaining macroeconomic stability, strengthening and optimizing public services, ensuring fair competition, strengthening market supervision, maintaining market order, promoting sustainable development, and promoting common prosperity. Make up for market failures. Fundamentally speaking, to give full play to the role of the government, on the basis of liberating and developing social productive forces, we will focus on solving the problem of inadequate and uneven development, better meet the people’s growing needs for a better life, and constantly promote the all-round development of people. All the people are wealthy together.

Transforming the development concept and transforming government functions is a key link to better play the role of the government. At present, there are still two outstanding problems in the role of the government in China: First, some localities and departments are still “ only heroes of GDP ” . Therefore, the policies formulated and introduced are often unsuitable, unsuitable or even contrary to new developments. The second is that the government functions still have misplacement, offside, and absence. The right to the market and the society has not been put in place and put in place. The management of the matter is not well managed and managed. To correctly handle the relationship between the government and the market, we must firmly grasp the two keys of transforming the development concept and transforming government functions. These two aspects are interrelated: if we do not establish a new development concept, there will inevitably be a phenomenon of government inaction and chaos; without changing government functions, the new development concept will not be well implemented. Government departments at all levels must firmly establish new development concepts, strive to improve the ability and level of coordinating and implementing new development concepts, and focus their efforts on promoting innovation, coordinated development, green development, open development, and shared development. At the same time, we must implement the new development concept in deepening the reform of the economic system, strive to build a government under the rule of law and a service-oriented government, further simplify administration and decentralization, substantially reduce the direct allocation of resources by the government, and shift the focus of work to creating a fair competitive market environment and protecting the ecology. The environment, support for innovation, etc., enhance the momentum and vitality of economic development.

Upholding the party's centralized and unified leadership over economic work is the fundamental guarantee for better playing the role of the government. Party, government, and the people's studies, the East and the West, the party, is leading everything. The most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Upholding the party's overall leadership, giving full play to the party's overall role in overall planning and coordinating the leadership, is an important feature of China's socialist market economic system. Economic work is the central task of the party, and party leadership must be fully reflected in the work of the center. We must fully understand and give play to the important role of the party in leading economic work, including grasping the direction, planning the overall situation, proposing strategies, formulating policies, promoting legislation, and creating a good environment. The leadership of the party provides a fundamental guarantee for better playing the role of the government. In the division of functions and work layout of party committees and governments at all levels, economic and social development planning, major guidelines and policies, overall deployment of work, and important issues concerning the national economy and people's livelihood are collectively discussed and decided by the party committee; regular work is followed by the government and its departments. Responsibility and authority to make decisions and management, party committees at all levels must support the government to fully fulfill its responsibilities according to law.

Fourth, better combine the " invisible hand " with the " visible hand "

Making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and giving full play to the role of the government is an important part of the basic strategy of the party in the new era and an inevitable requirement for building a modern economic system. On how to give play to the role of the market and the role of the government, we must adhere to the dialectics and the two-point theory, and strive to form a pattern of organic integration, complementarity, mutual coordination and mutual promotion of the role of the market and the role of the government, and strive to improve the party's ability to control the socialist market economy and Level. In the new era, we should according to "build an effective market mechanism, the main micro dynamic, there are degrees of macro-control economic system" proposed by the nineteenth big party, continue to work hard to straighten out the relationship between the government and the market. It is necessary to " effective market " and " proactive government " , and to take advantage of the " invisible hand " and " visible hand " to better reflect the characteristics and advantages of the socialist market economic system.

A deep understanding of the unity of effective markets and promising government. To make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and to give full play to the role of the government, the two are organically unified and mutually reinforcing, rather than being mutually separated and mutually negated. Effective market is an important purpose to play the role of the government and an important manifestation of the government's promising. The government's promising is an important guarantee for the effective market mechanism and the vitality of the micro-subject, and it is also an inevitable requirement to make up for the market failure. The reason why China's reform and opening up has made great achievements is mainly because we have fully exerted the role of the market, and at the same time, we have adhered to the party's leadership and played the role of the government, so that the two can be organically combined. We can see that the backwardness of the market economy in many developing countries is not only reflected in the weak market role, the imperfect market system, the disordered market order, the distortion of price signals, but also the weak role of the government, insufficient capacity, inefficiency and lack of Authority and so on. Only by taking advantage of both the government and the market can we ensure the sustained and healthy development of the economy.

Focusing on the organic unification of the government and the market to promote reforms in related fields. Adhere to the direction of socialist market economy reform, and focus on building an economic system with effective market mechanism, dynamic micro-mains, and macro-control. On the one hand, it is necessary to further improve the modern market system by deepening economic system reform, enhance the vitality of microeconomic entities, and allow enterprises and individuals to have more vitality and space to develop the economy and create wealth. On the other hand, it is necessary to further promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity in the economic field by deepening the reform of the economic system, strengthen and improve the party's leadership over economic work, innovate and improve macroeconomic regulation and control, give play to the strategic guiding role of national development planning, and improve finances. Economic, economic, and economic coordination mechanisms such as currency, industry, and region have accelerated the establishment of a modern fiscal system, deepened the reform of interest rate and exchange rate marketization, and improved the dual-pillar regulation framework of monetary policy and macro-prudential policy. To give full play to the role of the government, we must take the promotion of social fairness and justice and the improvement of people's livelihood and welfare as the starting point and the foothold, and step up the construction of a system that plays a major role in safeguarding social fairness and justice, ensuring that all people have more sense of sharing in the construction and sharing. Promote the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all people.

Firmly grasp the key point of improving the property rights system and the market-oriented allocation of factors. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that the reform of the economic system must focus on improving the property rights system and the marketization of factors, realizing effective incentives for property rights, free flow of factors, flexible price response, fair and orderly competition, and survival of the fittest. To rationalize the relationship between the government and the market, it is now necessary to focus on improving the property rights system and the marketization of factors. In terms of improving the property rights system, we must speed up the improvement of various state-owned asset management systems, reform the state-owned capital authorization management system, deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises, develop a mixed-ownership economy, improve the property rights protection system, protect entrepreneurial property rights according to law, and actively guide private enterprises to use property rights. Market portfolio of private capital. In promoting the marketization of factors, we must deepen the reform of commercial systems, break the administrative monopoly, prevent market monopoly, accelerate the market-oriented reform of factor prices, deepen the reform of investment and financing systems, and play a key role in the optimization of supply structure; deepen financial system reform. To promote the healthy development of multi-level capital markets.

There is no end to practical development, and theoretical innovation will never stop. Based on the new era and new orientation, we must continue to work hard on the combination of the basic socialist system and the market economy, further handle the relationship between the government and the market, and strive to make China's economic system more in line with the requirements of the modern economic system and promote economic and social realization. High quality, more efficient, fairer and more sustainable development!

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