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I have been writing about education in China through the lens of Socialist or "Chinese Style" Modernization, what I call the semiotic meta-signifier of the Chinese cognitive Lebenswelt. See (1) "Modernization (现代化) as the Lebenswelt of Chinese Constitutionalism" [现代化作为中国宪政的生活世界 ]); (2) "Education as Productive Force and Ideological Apparatus: A Dialectical Analysis of China's Modernization-Driven Knowledge System" [作为生产力与意识形态机制的教育：中国现代化驱动型知识体系的辩证分析]; and (3) Reflections on 张冠梓: 从世界历史纵深把握中国式现代化的时代价值 [Zhang Guanzi, Grasping the Contemporary Value of Chinese Modernization from the Depth of World History ]--The Marxist Variation on Leninism and the Constitution/Realization of Modernization.
Its current forms have had a long arc of development during the time of the leadership of the current General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (see eg (1) Legal and Political Education With Chinese Characteristics (通过法学院将法律教育专业化，通过政策学院将政治教育制度化) (2013) and (2) Focusing on Civic Education in China--The CCP's Ideological Work Comes to the Universities: 关于进一步加强和改进新形势下高校宣传思想工作的意见 (2015).
These reflections provide an analytic foundation for reading 《中央宣传部、司法部关于开展法治宣传教育的第九个五年规划（2026－2030年）》["Ninth Five-Year Plan for Legal Publicity and Education (2026-2030)"] which was released at the end of July 2026. The 9th Five-Year Plan for Legal Publicity and Education (2026-2030) was forwarded on July 27, 2026 by the CPC Central Committee and the State
Council jointly issued by the Publicity Department of the CPC Central
Committee and the Ministry of Justice. The plan covers the period 2026–2030 and
sets out a comprehensive framework for nationwide legal education. Below is a
neutral summary of its principal contents.
The plan identifies legal-system public education as a long-term foundational element of China's strategy of comprehensive governance according to law. It aims to foster a society-wide culture of respecting, studying, observing, and applying the law. By 2030, the plan envisions measurable improvements in the legal literacy of citizens and leading cadres, deeper integration of legal education with governance and law-enforcement practice, and fuller implementation of the principle that every law-enforcing body bears responsibility for public legal education.
Section II introduces a central pillar of the plan, which is the dissemination of XiJinping Thought on the Rule of Law. This includes building a national instructor pool, developing standardized courses, and incorporating the doctrine into Party training programs and all levels of formal education—from primary school through university law programs. The plan also calls for strengthened international communication of this framework, including through academic forums and multilateral dialogues, to present China's rule-of-law narrative abroad.
Section II (Constitutional and Legal Publicity) mandates intensified publicity across five areas:
· The Constitution, with emphasis on key groups (cadres, civil servants, youth) and activities such as National Constitution Day, as well as publicity related to the Basic Laws of Hong Kong and Macao and the Anti-Secession Law.
· Laws supporting high-quality development, covering the business environment, the private economy, rural revitalization, the digital and platform economies, financial regulation, intellectual property, and foreign trade and investment.
· National security and social stability, encompassing the holistic national-security concept, patriotic education, defense, social governance, dispute resolution, criminal law, cybersecurity, counterespionage, emergency response, ethnic unity, and religious affairs.
· People's livelihoods and environmental protection, including the Civil Code, cultural heritage, consumer protection, personal information security, anti-fraud measures, internet governance, and the Ecological and Environmental Code.
· Intra-Party regulations, integrating Party disciplinary rules into routine cadre and member training.
Section IV (Lifelong Legal Education for Citizens) establishes a system of lifelong legal education organized into four tracks:
1. General public — mass campaigns to build rule consciousness and contractual awareness, with development of citizen legal-literacy benchmarks.Section V (Targeted and Technology-Driven Approaches) calls for a shift toward precision legal education driven by big data, using government, judicial, and internet-enterprise data to identify knowledge gaps and tailor content to specific populations. It promotes new dissemination formats—short videos, animation, mini-dramas—and the integration of legal-education elements into cultural tourism, sporting events, and traditional festivals. It also endorses the use of artificial intelligence for content generation and distribution, and the construction of a national "Digital-Intelligence Legal Education" platform linked to existing judicial databases.
2. Cadres and state employees — legal testing in recruitment, mandatory legal-knowledge lists for leading cadres, and requirements for officials to observe court proceedings and deliver rule-of-law lectures.
3. Youth — classroom-based legal education coordinated with families and society, revision of the national youth legal-education outline, full deployment of deputy principals for legal affairs in schools, and establishment of "Parents' Rule-of-Law Classrooms."
4. Specific social groups — tailored programs for private entrepreneurs, platform-economy workers, women, the elderly, persons with disabilities, rural migrants, village cadres, media practitioners, internet users, Chinese citizens and enterprises abroad, and foreign nationals residing in China.
Section VI (Socialist Rule-of-Law Culture)devotes a section to cultural development, including the preservation of "red" (revolutionary) rule-of-law heritage, the study and digitization of traditional Chinese legal culture, the creation of rule-of-law cultural products and brands, and the establishment and maintenance of a directory of physical and online rule-of-law cultural venues.
· Full implementation of the "whoever enforces the law is responsible for legal education" principle, extended to "whoever manages" and "whoever provides services."Lastly, Section VIII (Organizational Implementation) directs local Party committees and governments at or above the county level to incorporate legal education into their rule-of-law construction plans and allocate necessary funding. People's congresses are tasked with oversight, and judicial-administrative departments serve as the lead coordinating bodies. Mid-term and final evaluations of the plan's implementation are required, with an explicit instruction to emphasize practical results and avoid formalism. The military is directed to arrange its own legal-education work in accordance with the plan.
· Integration of legal education into every stage of the legislative and judicial process, including case-based public education.
· Requirements for news media and internet platforms—especially large platforms—to maintain dedicated public-interest legal-education content and provide preferential traffic for authoritative legal commentary on prominent cases.
· Expansion of the "Legally Informed Person" program, aiming for at least five trained individuals per qualifying village or community, plus a national online training school and a volunteer corps drawn from legal professionals and law students.
· Risk-control measures to prevent the dissemination of erroneous legal interpretations, with particular attention to self-media accounts.
The plan simultaneously instantiates the system's theoretical architecture and demonstrates the recursive logic of that system: legal education is both a productive force developing citizens' legal consciousness and itself a productive force subject to the high-quality development imperative—the system applying its own modernization logic to itself.
1. The Plan as a Third-Level Encoding of Political Line. In "Education as Productive Force and Ideological Apparatus" I identify a four-level naturalization model through which contradictions detected in social reality are processed into doctrinal formation: (1) contradiction detection via the mass line, (2) political-line formulation through democratic centralism, (3) encoding of political line into institutional form through law, regulation, and programmatic statements, and (4) implementation through governance practice and subject-formation. The Ninth Five-Year Plan is, in these terms, a paradigmatic instance of third-level encoding. It takes the political line formulated at the 20th Party Congress, the Third and Fourth Plenums, and the broader doctrinal architecture of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, and translates that line into operational institutional structures—specific targets, mechanisms, responsible bodies, evaluation criteria, and temporal parameters. The plan does not merely restate doctrine; it converts it into the "binding force of institutional structure" which can be understood as a hallmark of the encoding stage.
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Mass/popular education is addressed through the plan's provisions for broad-coverage legal publicity campaigns, the "whoever enforces the law is responsible for legal education" principle, and the targeting of the entire population through media, internet platforms, and community-level programming. The plan's call for "precision analysis" using big data to identify public knowledge gaps mirrors mass education's "broadcast with sectoral filtering" character—a single signal transmitted to all receivers but decoded into different behavioral outputs depending on the audience.
Social education is reflected in the plan's extensive provisions for workplace-embedded legal training directed at specific professional groups: enterprise managers, platform-economy workers, village cadres, media practitioners, internet service providers, and Chinese citizens operating abroad. Social education can be understood as operating through "specialized co-processors for domain-specific tasks," and the plan's meticulous differentiation of legal-education content by occupational category fits this description precisely.
Cultural education appears in the plan's Section VI on "Promoting the Flourishing Development of Socialist Rule-of-Law Culture," which addresses the creation of rule-of-law cultural products, the preservation of "red rule-of-law heritage," the integration of legal elements into cultural tourism and traditional festivals, and the establishment of rule-of-law cultural venues. Here one encounters cultural education as operating through "ambient conditioning"—not the transmission of discrete propositions but the establishment of environmental parameters within which all other processing occurs. The plan's embedding of legal themes into the cultural landscape is a textbook illustration of this modality.
Patriotic education is the most pervasive modality within the plan. The primacy of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, the centrality of constitutional publicity, the emphasis on national security and the Anti-Secession Law, and the explicit framing of legal education as serving "Chinese-style modernization" all position the plan within what Backer terms the "operating system" layer—the foundational normative orientation upon which all other educational activities depend. Patriotic education "produces the subject-position from which all other education becomes meaningful" ("Education as Productive Force and Ideological Apparatus" ). The plan's insistence that legal consciousness be grounded in love of country, commitment to Party leadership, and identification with the national rejuvenation project is not incidental but structurally necessary within the system's architecture.
3. The Metasignifier of Modernization. In "Modernization (现代化) as the Lebenswelt of Chinese Constitutionalism" I argue that modernization functions as a "metasignifier"—the horizon of intelligibility within which all political, economic, cultural, and educational phenomena acquire meaning. The Ninth Five-Year Plan is explicitly organized around this metasignifier. Its General Requirements section declares the plan's purpose as creating "a favorable legal environment for comprehensively promoting the building of a strong nation and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernization." Every category of law publicized in the plan—from the business environment and the digital economy to financial regulation, national security, and ecological protection—is framed as serving the modernization imperative. The plan does not present legal education as an autonomous professional domain pursuing its own internal logic; it presents it as a functional element within the broader project of Chinese-style modernization, subject to the same normalization parameters that Backer identifies across the entire educational apparatus.
4. Legal Education as Productive Force. The Ninth Five-Year Plan can be understood as an institutional crystallization of this imperative, noting that it "establishes specific targets, mechanisms, and evaluation criteria for the production and dissemination of legal knowledge as a form of high-quality ideological output". The plan does not merely prescribe what legal knowledge should be transmitted; it establishes quality standards for the transmission process itself—the pedagogical methods, assessment instruments, and institutional arrangements through which legal consciousness is produced must meet standards of quality and innovation.
This analysis is strengthened by the plan's provisions on technological modernization of legal education. The mandated "Digital-Intelligence Legal Education" platform, the use of AI for content generation and distribution, and the integration of big-data-driven precision targeting all reflect what Backer calls the system's "computational metaphor becoming literal". Legal education is thereby treated not merely as a domain of ideological transmission but as a productive force that must itself be modernized—the recursive structure might be understood as a hallmark of the Third Plenum's innovation.
On the other hand, the plan equally addresses the "faith" dimension: legal education must be grounded in Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, must serve the holistic national-security concept, must promote patriotism, and must be conducted within the boundaries established by ideological correctness. It frames legal education as "explicitly patriotic education grounded in ideological correctness," requiring that the autonomous knowledge system for law serve both "reason" (technically competent legal professionals) and "faith" (ideologically aligned subjects committed to socialist rule of law) ("Education as Productive Force and Ideological Apparatus" ).
6. The "Whoever Enforces the Law" Principle as Distributed Production. The plan's cornerstone institutional mechanism—"whoever enforces the law is responsible for legal education," extended to "whoever manages is responsible" and "whoever provides services is responsible"—is a concrete instance of what Backer theorizes as ideology produced through circulation rather than merely transmitted from a central source. This principle distributes legal-education responsibility across every state organ, enterprise, and social organization, making each institutional actor a co-producer of legal consciousness rather than a passive recipient of centrally formulated doctrine. The system achieves "coherent ideological production at scale without either collapsing into rigid uniformity or dissolving into incoherent fragmentation" precisely through this mechanism of distributed production under shared normalization parameters.
Responsibility lists. The plan mandates that every state organ maintain a formal "responsibility list" (普法责任清单) specifying that organ's concrete legal-education obligations. This is not a general exhortation but an administrative requirement: each organ must identify which laws it enforces and what corresponding publicity it must produce. The fulfillment of these obligations is then incorporated into two evaluation instruments—reports on rule-of-law government construction and the year-end rule-of-law accountability statements (述法) of principal heads of local Party and government organs at the municipal and county levels. The effect is to make legal-education performance a reviewable component of cadre assessment, tying it to the career consequences that the system's evaluation architecture imposes.
Extension beyond enforcement. The plan does not stop at "whoever enforces." It extends the logic to "whoever manages is responsible for legal education" (谁管理谁普法) and "whoever provides services is responsible for legal education" (谁服务谁普法). This triple formula distributes the legal-education function across all institutional actors that interact with the public in any governance capacity—not only courts and police but regulatory agencies, service providers, mass organizations, industry associations, grassroots self-governance bodies, legal service institutions, and enterprises. In Backer's terms, this transforms legal education from a centrally broadcast signal into a distributed production process in which "editors, cadres, researchers, teachers, and students are not merely passive recipients of a fixed doctrine but active co-producers within a system of differentiated ideological production".
Integration with legislative and judicial process. The plan goes further by embedding legal education into the full lifecycle of lawmaking and law enforcement. It mandates publicity and interpretation throughout the entire legislative process—initiation, drafting, review, deliberation, promulgation, and implementation—and requires that administrative enforcement and judicial documents include legal reasoning and explanation. Guidelines are to be formulated for conducting legal-system public education throughout the entire process of case handling. Exemplary cases published by administrative, supervisory, and judicial organs, together with open judicial review and hearing procedures, constitute what the plan calls "case-based legal education" (以案普法). This operationalizes the principle not as an add-on to governance but as an embedded function: every act of law enforcement or adjudication simultaneously produces legal consciousness.
Accountability mechanisms. The plan establishes a system of "legal-education reminders and accountability" (普法提示和责任追究), under which judicial-administrative agencies issue formal prompts to organs that are falling short and pursue accountability when obligations remain unfulfilled. This creates what Backer's framework would identify as an error-detection mechanism within the feedback loop—a means of identifying where the distributed production system is failing to produce adequate outputs and applying corrective pressure.
Coordinated military-civilian extension. The plan also calls for exploring "coordinated mechanisms for inter-departmental and military-civilian legal education" (部门普法、军地普法协同联动机制), extending the distributed-responsibility principle across the civil-military boundary.
In sum, the plan does not treat legal education as the project of a single dedicated bureaucracy. It converts every enforcement act, every management decision, and every service interaction into an occasion for legal-consciousness production, and it backstops this distributed architecture with accountability instruments that monitor whether each node in the network is performing its assigned function. Backer's analysis of mass education as operating through "the Party's capillary presence in every social unit" applies here: the "whoever enforces" principle makes every state organ a legal-education delivery node within a capillary network of juridical consciousness production.
Citizen legal-literacy baseline and indicator system. The plan's most direct measurement commitment is the mandate to "research and establish a baseline and evaluation indicator system for citizens' legal literacy" (公民法治素养基准和测评指标体系). This is a new instrument to be developed during the plan period. It contemplates both a defined standard (what citizens should know and be able to do with respect to the law) and a measurement apparatus (how to test whether citizens meet that standard). The plan does not specify the indicators in detail—this is delegated to the research process—but the language signals an intention to move from qualitative aspiration to quantifiable benchmarks.
Cadre-specific assessment instruments. For state employees and leading cadres, the plan deploys multiple measurement mechanisms already embedded in the governance system:
-Routine legal-study systems: State employees are subject to "routine legal study" (日常学法) requirements incorporated into education and training plans, with completion presumably tracked through institutional reporting.
-Mandatory knowledge lists: The plan calls for full implementation of "the list system for intra-Party regulations and national laws and regulations that leading cadres are expected to know and understand" (应知应会党内法规和法律法规清单制度). This establishes a defined corpus of legal knowledge against which individual cadres' competence can be assessed.
-Court observation and litigation participation: State employees are required to observe court proceedings (旁听庭审), and heads of administrative agencies must appear in court to respond to lawsuits (行政机关负责人出庭应诉). These are behavioral indicators: the system measures not only what cadres know but whether they participate in legal processes.
-Comprehensive rule-of-law evaluation mechanisms: The plan calls for improvement of "comprehensive rule-of-law evaluation work mechanisms" (综合性法治评价工作机制) to "raise the legal literacy and ability of leading cadres to handle affairs according to law." This signals an integrated assessment framework evaluating cadres' legal competence as part of their overall performance review.
Institutional reporting and plan evaluation. The plan mandates that fulfillment of legal-education responsibilities be incorporated into reports on rule-of-law government construction and into the year-end rule-of-law accountability statements of principal Party and government heads at the municipal and county levels. These reporting mechanisms generate data on institutional compliance that can serve as proxy indicators for system-wide progress. Additionally, the plan requires mid-term and final evaluations of the plan's own implementation—creating two structured assessment points (approximately 2028 and 2030) at which aggregate progress can be measured.
Big-data-driven dynamic assessment. The plan's provisions on precision targeting through big data (discussed in detail in section 3 below) have a measurement dimension: by "dynamically identifying public demands for legal-system public education and areas of weakness in legal literacy," the system creates a continuous monitoring apparatus that can track changes in legal-literacy indicators over time.
Nonetheless, one might approach these measurement mechanisms with caution. One can identify a structural problem inherent in all evaluation within the Chinese system: "the standard against which performance is measured is itself a product of the system being measured". When the plan proposes to establish a citizen legal-literacy baseline, the criteria defining "legal literacy" will inevitably be shaped by the ideological parameters within which the plan itself operates—producing "productive recursion" rather than independent verification. The system measures legal literacy by standards it has itself defined, and improvements in legal literacy as measured by those standards may reflect genuine cognitive and behavioral change, or they may reflect the system's progressive refinement of standards to match the outputs it is already producing. Here one might explicitly acknowledge that "[w]hether the system actually produces the subjects it claims to produce—whether graduates genuinely exhibit the 'comprehensive development' that policy mandates, whether ideological education actually generates durable commitment or merely surface compliance—remains unverified" by structural analysis alone" ("Education as Productive Force and Ideological Apparatus" ).
Historical Legitimation and Institutional Continuity. The Q&A's first question—"Why formulate a ninth plan when eight have already been completed?"—elicits a revealing self-characterization of the legal-education enterprise. The officials frame the forty-year history of five-year legal-education planning (dating from 1986) as "a great pioneering achievement in the history of human rule of law" (人类法治史上的一大创举), arguing that "in a country of such enormous population scale, continuously conducting universal legal education, putting the law in the hands of the people, and allowing the people to have faith in the rule of law" demonstrates "the superiority of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics".
In terms of the working paper's framework, this framing is significant. It suggests the "sedimentary ontology of doctrinal formation" in which each era's contributions accumulate upon prior layers rather than replacing them ("Modernization (现代化) as the Lebenswelt of Chinese Constitutionalism"). The Q&A explicitly performs this sedimentation: the Ninth Plan is presented not as a fresh departure but as the latest stratum in an unbroken sequence of eight predecessors, each building on the achievements of the last. The officials' listing of those cumulative achievements—in-depth study of the Constitution and the socialist legal system, flourishing rule-of-law culture, widespread implementation of the "whoever enforces the law" principle, and "markedly enhanced" societal rule-of-law awareness—constitutes a retrospective validation of the entire forty-year program, establishing the base upon which the Ninth Plan is deposited.
The Q&A also identifies the statutory basis for the new plan: the Law on Legal-System Public Education (法治宣传教育法) now requires the state to compile a national legal-education plan. This is a notable juridical development: what had been a policy practice since 1986 has been elevated to a statutory obligation. In my four-level naturalization model, this represents a passage from the governance-implementation level (level 4) back up to the institutional-encoding level (level 3)—the practice of five-year legal-education planning is itself being encoded into law, hardening a policy convention into a legal requirement.
Self-Characterization of Novelty: What Officials Identify as New. Question 5 asks directly how the Ninth Plan differs from the preceding eight. The officials' answer identifies three principal innovations:
The "lifelong legal education for citizens" system (公民终身法治教育制度). The officials present this as a deepening that goes beyond the traditional focus on state employees and youth. They specifically highlight the extension of legal education to enterprise managers, workers in new forms of employment (新就业形态劳动者), and internet users (网民). This confirms the analysis advanced in the prior discussion: the plan's Section IV is not merely a continuation of existing practice but a structural expansion of the addressable population, bringing groups that had previously fallen outside the primary targets of legal-education campaigns—particularly platform-economy workers and the digital public—within the system's formal reach.The Institutional Work-System: A Condensed Official Interpretation. Question 6 asks about the plan's work-system provisions. The officials' answer provides a condensed official reading of Section VII that confirms the structural architecture identified in the prior analysis. They emphasize four elements: (a) full implementation of the "whoever enforces the law" responsibility system, (b) integration of legal education with law-based governance and rule-of-law practice, (c) an institutional system for media and internet-provider public-interest legal education, and (d) guided and regulated participation by social forces. They also address risk-prevention mechanisms.
The "precision legal education" model (精准开展法治宣传教育新模式). The officials frame this in terms of three sub-dimensions: grasping new demands, exploring new methods, and expanding new platforms. This confirms that the big-data and AI provisions discussed in the prior analysis are not ancillary details but are officially regarded as one of the plan's defining innovations. The officials' characterization—"empowering the precision of legal-system public education from three dimensions" (从把握新需求、探索新方式、拓展新平台三个方面赋能法治宣传教育精准性)—positions technology-driven targeting as a structural upgrade to the system's operational architecture.
The flourishing development of socialist rule-of-law culture (繁荣发展社会主义法治文化). The officials specifically highlight the excavation and preservation of "red rule-of-law culture" and "outstanding traditional Chinese legal culture," as well as the strengthening of "new-era integrity culture" (新时代廉洁文化). One might be persuaded that this represents the cultural-education modality in operation: the plan is not only transmitting legal propositions (the school-education function) or mobilizing the population around legal themes (the mass-education function) but actively constructing the ambient cultural environment within which legal consciousness is formed—what I call "ambient conditioning" rather than "the transmission of discrete signals" ("Modernization (现代化) as the Lebenswelt of Chinese Constitutionalism").
The officials then restate the organizational-implementation requirements: local Party committees and governments at or above the county level must incorporate legal-education work into their rule-of-law construction plans and key priorities (spiritual civilization, Peaceful China initiative, rule-of-law inspections); people's congresses at all levels must exercise oversight; judicial-administrative departments serve as the lead coordinating bodies; and mid-term and final evaluations must be conducted.
What the Q&A Adds to the Analysis
The Q&A adds three things that the plan text alone does not fully provide:
First, an explicit hierarchy of innovation. The plan text presents its provisions without formal ranking; the Q&A isolates the three innovations the drafters themselves consider most significant. This is analytically valuable because it reveals the system's own self-understanding of where it has departed from prior practice. The fact that "precision legal education" (the technology-driven model) is ranked as one of only three headline innovations—alongside the lifelong-education system and rule-of-law cultural development—confirms that the digital-transformation provisions are not decorative but structurally central to the plan's design logic.
Second, a legitimation narrative. The Q&A situates the plan within a forty-year history presented as cumulative success, frames it as a statutory obligation under the new Law on Legal-System Public Education, and positions it as serving the 15th Five-Year Plan period's developmental objectives and the overarching project of "Chinese-style modernization." In my terminology, this press conference performs precisely the mass-education function his paper describes: it "mobilizes the population's capacity to identify" the plan "within the horizon of modernization," translating a technical policy document into a narrative of historical achievement and civilizational ambition. The press conference is itself an instance of the legal-education system it describes—officials explaining the plan to journalists is simultaneously an act of legal-publicity production.
Third, a drafting-process disclosure. The officials note that the plan was drafted from "the first half of 2025" onward, on the basis of "in-depth research and broad solicitation of opinions" (深入调研、广泛征求意见). This detail is significant for a mass-line analysis: it indicates that the plan was not produced by fiat but through a consultative process that, in the system's self-description, instantiates the mass-line methodology of "from the masses, to the masses". The detected "contradictions"—gaps in legal literacy, emerging populations outside the traditional legal-education framework, technological disruption of information environments—were processed through deliberation and produced as a plan that is then returned to the population as education. The Q&A thereby provides evidence of a recursive circuit: contradiction → diagnosis → political line → institutional encoding → governance implementation → new contradiction ("Modernization (现代化) as the Lebenswelt of Chinese Constitutionalism").
中央宣传部、司法部负责人就《关于开展法治宣传教育的第九个五年规划（2026－2030年）》答记者问 Officials from the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Justice Answer Questions from Reporters on the "Ninth Five-Year Plan for Legal Publicity and Education (2026-2030)"
来源：新华网 发布时间：2026-07-31 16:18 Source: Xinhua News Agency Published: 2026-07-31 16:18
新华社北京7月29日电 题：中央宣传部、司法部负责人就《关于开展法治宣传教育的第九个五年规划（2026－2030年）》答记者问 Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 29 – Title: Officials from the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Justice Answer Questions from Reporters on the "Ninth Five-Year Plan for Legal Publicity and Education (2026-2030)" Xinhua News Agency Reporter
1. Question: Currently, China has completed eight five-year plans for legal education. Why is a ninth five-year plan being formulated?1、问：目前，我国已实施完成了八个五年普法规划，为什么要制定第九个五年普法规划？
A: Legal publicity and education is a long-term and fundamental task for comprehensively governing the country according to law. Since 1986, my country has successively implemented eight five-year plans for legal education, achieving significant results. The study and publicity of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, with the Constitution at its core, has been carried out in depth; socialist legal culture has flourished; the responsibility system of "whoever enforces the law is responsible for publicizing it" has been widely implemented; the public's awareness of the rule of law has been significantly enhanced; the legal literacy of all citizens has been significantly improved; and the level of rule of law in social governance has been significantly raised. Continuing to carry out nationwide legal education in a country with such a large population, entrusting the law to the people and enabling them to believe in the rule of law, is a major innovation in the history of human legal education, fully demonstrating the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. The "Law of the People's Republic of China on Legal Publicity and Education" stipulates that the state formulates a national plan for legal publicity and education. To strengthen and improve legal publicity and education, and promote a social atmosphere of respecting, learning, abiding by, and applying the law, since the first half of 2025, the Central Propaganda Department and the Ministry of Justice have thoroughly studied and implemented Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law, and, based on in-depth research and extensive consultation, drafted the "Ninth Five-Year Plan for Legal Publicity and Education (2026-2030)". Formulating and implementing the Ninth Five-Year Plan for Legal Education is an important measure to deeply study, publicize, and implement Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law, and further consolidate the social foundation for comprehensively governing the country according to law; it is an objective need to serve the overall economic and social development during the Fifteenth Five-Year Plan period and promote high-quality development; and it is an inevitable requirement to create a favorable environment in which the whole society respects the rule of law, abides by rules, respects contracts, and safeguards justice, and to guarantee Chinese-style modernization with the rule of law. 答：法治宣传教育是全面依法治国的长期基础性工作。自1986年以来，我国已连续实施完成了八个五年普法规划，取得了重要成果，以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系学习宣传深入开展，社会主义法治文化蓬勃发展，“谁执法谁普法”普法责任制广泛实行，全社会法治观念明显增强，全民法治素养明显提升，社会治理法治化水平明显提高。在我们这样一个人口规模巨大的国家持续开展全民普法，把法律交给人民、让人民信仰法治，这是人类法治史上的一大创举，充分彰显了中国特色社会主义制度优势。《中华人民共和国法治宣传教育法》规定，国家编制全国法治宣传教育规划。为加强和改进法治宣传教育，推动尊法学法守法用法在全社会蔚然成风，2025年上半年以来，中央宣传部、司法部深入学习贯彻习近平法治思想，在深入调研、广泛征求意见的基础上，起草了《关于开展法治宣传教育的第九个五年规划（2026－2030年）》稿。制定和实施“九五”普法规划是深入学习宣传贯彻习近平法治思想，进一步夯实全面依法治国社会基础的重要举措；是服务“十五五”时期经济社会发展大局，推动高质量发展的客观需要；是营造全社会崇尚法治、恪守规则、尊重契约、维护公正的良好环境，以法治保障中国式现代化的必然要求。
2. Question: What are the overall requirements of the Plan? 2、问：《规划》有哪些总体要求？
A: In terms of guiding ideology, the Plan emphasizes adhering to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as guidance, thoroughly implementing the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress and its subsequent plenary sessions, earnestly implementing the arrangements of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, comprehensively implementing Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law, deeply understanding the decisive significance of the "two establishments," strengthening the "Four Consciousnesses," firming up the "Four Confidences," and achieving the "Two Upholds," upholding the Party's overall leadership, adhering to the principle of putting the people first, adhering to the rule of law in all aspects, and adhering to serving the overall economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. It prioritizes promoting the deep understanding of Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law, takes the implementation of the Law on Legal Publicity and Education as a key measure, relies on the prosperity and development of socialist legal culture, and ensures the improvement of the legal publicity and education system. It aims to practice socialist core values, promote the socialist spirit of the rule of law, advance the construction of a society governed by the rule of law, and create a sound legal environment for comprehensively advancing the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization. 答：在指导思想上，《规划》强调，坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻党的二十大和二十届历次全会精神，认真落实四中全会部署，全面贯彻习近平法治思想，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，坚持党的全面领导，坚持人民至上，坚持全面依法治国，坚持服务“十五五”时期经济社会发展大局，以推动习近平法治思想深入人心为首要任务，以贯彻实施法治宣传教育法为抓手，以繁荣发展社会主义法治文化为支撑，以健全法治宣传教育工作体系为保障，践行社会主义核心价值观，弘扬社会主义法治精神，推进法治社会建设，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业营造良好法治环境。
Regarding its main objectives, the Plan clearly states that by 2030, the ability of leading cadres to handle affairs according to law and the legal literacy of citizens will be continuously improved; a positive environment in which the whole society upholds the rule of law, abides by rules, respects contracts, and safeguards justice will be further formed; legal publicity and education will be deeply integrated with governance according to law and legal practice, further consolidating the social foundation for comprehensively governing the country according to law; the responsibility system of "whoever enforces the law is responsible for popularizing it" will be thoroughly implemented, and the institutionalization, standardization, and scientification of legal publicity and education work will be comprehensively improved. 在主要目标上，《规划》明确，到2030年，领导干部依法办事能力水平和公民法治素养持续提升，全社会崇尚法治、恪守规则、尊重契约、维护公正的良好环境进一步形成；法治宣传教育与依法治理、法治实践深度融合，全面依法治国的社会基础进一步夯实；“谁执法谁普法”普法责任制深入落实，法治宣传教育工作制度化规范化科学化水平全面提升。
3. Question: What are the requirements of the Plan regarding the study and publicity of Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law? 3、问：在学习宣传习近平法治思想方面，《规划》有哪些要求？
Answer: The Plan adheres to ideological guidance, clearly stating that promoting the deep understanding of Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law is the primary task of popularizing the rule of law among all citizens, and implementing Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law in all aspects of the entire process of popularizing the rule of law. 答：《规划》坚持思想引领，明确把推动习近平法治思想深入人心作为全民普法的首要任务，把习近平法治思想贯彻落实到全民普法全过程各方面。
Firstly, it will continuously deepen the study and publicity. A pool of lecturers on Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law will be established, and exemplary high-quality courses will be developed to deeply study and publicize Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law and its latest achievements in rich development. Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law will be included as an important part of the learning and training content of the Party Committee (Party Group) theoretical study center group, Party school (administrative college), and cadre college. The plan includes incorporating Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law into relevant courses in primary, secondary, and tertiary schools, promoting its comprehensive integration into textbooks, classrooms, and students' minds.
Second, it strengthens the promotion of legal practice and achievements. Through the compilation of practical cases, media reports, and online thematic publicity, it deeply promotes the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee over the comprehensive rule of law, publicizes the Party's major measures and achievements in leading legislation, ensuring law enforcement, supporting the judiciary, and taking the lead in abiding by the law, and publicizes the landmark achievements of my country's socialist rule of law construction in the new era, inspiring the whole society's consciousness and initiative to believe in and practice the rule of law.
Third, it deepens international communication. It makes good use of various media cooperation mechanisms and platforms to deeply explain the common values of all mankind contained in Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law, tell the story of China's efforts to strengthen human rights and legal protection, uphold fairness and justice, abide by international rule of law, and promote human legal civilization, and publicize the superiority of the rule of law with Chinese characteristics. It strengthens foreign-related legal publicity and international exchanges and cooperation, showcasing a credible, endearing, and respectable image of China from a legal perspective.
一是持续深化学习宣传。组建习近平法治思想宣讲师资库，研发示范精品课程等，深入学习宣传习近平法治思想及其丰富发展的最新成果。将习近平法治思想纳入党委（党组）理论学习中心组、党校（行政学院）、干部学院学习培训重要内容。将习近平法治思想纳入大中小学相关课程，推动习近平法治思想全方位进教材、进课堂、进头脑。
二是强化法治实践和成就宣传。通过编写实践案例、组织媒体报道、网络主题宣传等，深入宣传党中央对全面依法治国的集中统一领导，宣传党在领导立法、保证执法、支持司法、带头守法等方面的重大举措和成效，宣传新时代我国社会主义法治建设的标志性成果，激发全社会信仰法治、厉行法治的自觉性主动性。
三是深入推进国际传播。用好各类媒体合作机制和平台渠道，深入阐释习近平法治思想蕴含的全人类共同价值，讲好中国加强人权法治保障、维护公平正义、遵守国际法治、促进人类法治文明的故事，宣传中国特色社会主义法治优越性。加强涉外法治宣传和国际交流合作，从法治角度展现可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象。
4. Question: What are the key publicity contents of the Ninth Five-Year Plan for Legal Education? 4、问：“九五”普法的重点宣传内容有哪些？
Answer: The Plan emphasizes in-depth study and publicity of the Constitution, laws and regulations, and Party regulations. First, it emphasizes constitutional publicity and education. Second, it deeply publicizes laws and regulations related to promoting high-quality development. Third, it deeply publicizes laws and regulations related to maintaining national security and social stability. Fourth, it deeply publicizes laws and regulations related to guaranteeing and improving people's livelihoods and building a beautiful China. Fifth, it deeply publicizes Party regulations. 答：《规划》强调深入学习宣传宪法、法律法规和党内法规。一是突出宪法宣传教育。二是深入宣传与推动高质量发展相关的法律法规。三是深入宣传与维护国家安全和社会稳定相关的法律法规。四是深入宣传与保障和改善民生、建设美丽中国相关的法律法规。五是深入宣传党内法规。
5. Question: Compared with the previous eight five-year plans for legal education, what new measures does this plan propose? 5、问：和前八个五年普法规划相比，《规划》提出了哪些新举措？
Answer: The plan adheres to upholding principles while innovating, adapting to the legal needs of the people, and proposing targeted measures to ensure that legal education keeps pace with the times and is close to the people. The main new measures are as follows: 答：《规划》坚持守正创新，适应人民群众的法治需求，提出有针对性的举措，推动普法工作紧跟时代，贴近群众，主要有以下新举措。
First, it deepens the implementation of a lifelong legal education system for citizens. While continuing to strengthen legal education for state personnel and youth, it proposes strengthening legal education for enterprise managers, workers in new employment forms, and netizens, focusing on key issues in current social governance. Second, it accelerates the formation of a new model for precise legal publicity and education. It empowers the precision of legal publicity and education from three aspects: grasping new needs, exploring new methods, and expanding new platforms. Third, it promotes the prosperity and development of socialist legal culture. The plan calls for strengthening the excavation, research, protection, and inheritance of red legal culture and excellent traditional Chinese legal culture, and strengthening the construction of a clean governance culture in the new era. It also clarifies the need to enrich the supply of legal culture products and strengthen and standardize the construction of legal culture platforms.
一是深入实施公民终身法治教育制度。在持续加强国家工作人员、青少年法治宣传教育的基础上，围绕当前社会治理重点问题，提出加强对企业经营管理人员、新就业形态劳动者、网民等群体的法治宣传教育。 二是加快形成精准开展法治宣传教育新模式。从把握新需求、探索新方式、拓展新平台三个方面赋能法治宣传教育精准性。 三是繁荣发展社会主义法治文化。要求加强对红色法治文化、中华优秀传统法律文化的发掘、研究、保护和传承，加强新时代廉洁文化建设。明确丰富法治文化产品供给，加强和规范法治文化阵地建设。
6. Question: What new requirements does the "Plan" put forward regarding improving the legal publicity and education system? 6、问：《规划》在健全法治宣传教育工作体系方面提出了哪些新要求？
Answer: The "Plan" requires the full implementation of the "whoever enforces the law is responsible for popularizing it" system, and the improvement of the mechanism for integrating legal publicity and education with governance according to law and legal practice. It also calls for improving the public interest legal publicity and education system for media and network service providers, guiding and regulating the participation of social forces in legal publicity and education, and making arrangements for improving the risk prevention and control mechanism for legal publicity and education. 答：《规划》要求全面落实“谁执法谁普法”普法责任制，完善法治宣传教育与依法治理、法治实践融合机制。健全媒体和网络服务提供者公益法治宣传教育制度。引导规范社会力量参与法治宣传教育。对完善法治宣传教育风险防控机制作出安排。
The "Plan" requires local Party committees and governments at the county level and above to incorporate legal publicity and education into the overall deployment of legal construction in their respective regions, and into key areas such as spiritual civilization construction, safe city construction, and legal supervision, and to promptly study and resolve problems encountered in the work. The Standing Committees of the People's Congresses at all levels are required to strengthen supervision of legal publicity and education. The judicial and administrative departments at all levels are required to fulfill their responsibilities as competent departments, and work with Party publicity departments to strengthen the overall coordination and supervision of legal publicity and education. A mid-term evaluation and a summary evaluation of the implementation of the plan are required. 《规划》要求县级以上地方党委和政府把法治宣传教育工作纳入本地区法治建设总体部署，纳入精神文明建设、平安建设和法治督察等重点内容，及时研究解决工作中的问题。各级人大常委会加强对法治宣传教育工作的监督。各级司法行政部门履行主管部门职责，会同党委宣传部门等加强法治宣传教育工作统筹协调和督促指导。开展规划实施情况中期评估和总结评估。 (Officials from the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Justice Answer Questions from Reporters on the "Ninth Five-Year Plan for Legal Publicity and Education (2026-2030)" 中央宣传部、司法部负责人就《关于开展法治宣传教育的第九个五年规划（2026－2030年）》答记者问)
中共中央 国务院转发《中央宣传部、司法部关于开展法治宣传教育的第九个五年规划（2026－2030年）》
>新华社北京7月27日电 近日，中共中央、国务院转发了《中央宣传部、司法部关于开展法治宣传教育的第九个五年规划（2026－2030年）》，并发出通知，要求各地区各部门结合实际认真贯彻落实。《中央宣传部、司法部关于开展法治宣传教育的第九个五年规划（2026－2030年）》全文如下。
法治宣传教育是全面依法治国的长期基础性工作。为加强和改进法治宣传教育，推动尊法学法守法用法在全社会蔚然成风，制定本规划。
一、总体要求
坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻党的二十大和二十届历次全会精神，认真落实四中全会部署，全面贯彻习近平法治思想，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，坚持党的全面领导，坚持人民至上，坚持全面依法治国，坚持服务“十五五”时期经济社会发展大局，以推动习近平法治思想深入人心为首要任务，以贯彻实施法治宣传教育法为抓手，以繁荣发展社会主义法治文化为支撑，以健全法治宣传教育工作体系为保障，践行社会主义核心价值观，弘扬社会主义法治精神，推进法治社会建设，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业营造良好法治环境。
到2030年，领导干部依法办事能力水平和公民法治素养持续提升，全社会崇尚法治、恪守规则、尊重契约、维护公正的良好环境进一步形成；法治宣传教育与依法治理、法治实践深度融合，全面依法治国的社会基础进一步夯实；“谁执法谁普法”普法责任制深入落实，法治宣传教育工作制度化规范化科学化水平全面提升。
二、推动习近平法治思想深入人心
（一）持续深化学习宣传。组建习近平法治思想宣讲师资库，研发示范精品课程，用好《习近平法治文选》第一卷、习近平总书记《论坚持全面依法治国》和《习近平法治思想学习纲要（2025年版）》、《习近平法治思想学习问答》、《习近平法治思想系列讲读》等，深入学习宣传习近平法治思想及其丰富发展的最新成果。将习近平法治思想纳入党委（党组）理论学习中心组、党校（行政学院）、干部学院学习培训重要内容。将习近平法治思想纳入大中小学相关课程，在法学专业开好习近平法治思想必修课，支持有条件的高校在其他专业开设选修课，组织编写《习近平法治思想大学生读本》，用好《习近平法治思想概论》等教材，推动习近平法治思想全方位进教材、进课堂、进头脑。发挥习近平法治思想研究中心、全面依法治国研究中心等阵地作用，用好百名法学家百场报告会、中国法治实务大讲堂等平台，深化习近平法治思想研究阐释和大众化传播。
（二）强化法治实践和成就宣传。聚焦在习近平法治思想指引下全面依法治国的生动实践和取得的历史性成就，通过编写实践案例、组织媒体报道、网络主题宣传等，深入宣传党中央对全面依法治国的集中统一领导，宣传党在领导立法、保证执法、支持司法、带头守法等方面的重大举措和成效，宣传新时代我国社会主义法治建设的标志性成果，激发全社会信仰法治、厉行法治的自觉性主动性。
（三）深入推进国际传播。用好各类媒体合作机制和平台渠道，深入阐释习近平法治思想蕴含的全人类共同价值，讲好中国加强人权法治保障、维护公平正义、遵守国际法治、促进人类法治文明的故事，宣传中国特色社会主义法治优越性。加强涉外法治宣传和国际交流合作，通过举办学术论坛、开展多双边法治对话等，阐释中国特色涉外法治理念、主张和成功实践，从法治角度展现可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象。
三、深入学习宣传宪法、法律法规和党内法规
（一）突出宪法宣传教育。抓领导干部、新录用公务员、青少年等重点群体，抓宪法纪念、宪法宣誓、宪法教材建设等重点载体，抓学校、社区、媒体、网络等重点阵地，推动宪法宣传教育常态化长效化。组织好国家宪法日和年度法治人物宣传活动。持续深入开展全国学生“学宪法讲宪法”活动。加强宪法和特别行政区基本法宣传教育，增强港澳同胞维护宪法和基本法确定的特别行政区宪制秩序的意识。积极宣传反分裂国家法和推进祖国统一方针政策，增强包括台湾同胞在内的全中国人民对完成祖国统一大业神圣职责的认识。
（二）深入宣传与推动高质量发展相关的法律法规。大力宣传国家发展规划、优化营商环境、促进民营经济发展、推进乡村全面振兴等方面的法律法规，服务建设全国统一大市场，加快构建新发展格局。大力宣传数字经济、平台经济、低空经济、科技创新、知识产权保护等方面的法律法规，促进新兴产业和未来产业发展，服务发展新质生产力。深入宣传金融领域法律法规，强化金融机构依法合规经营意识，加强金融消费者、投资者合法权益保护，防范化解金融风险，推动金融高质量发展。深入宣传对外贸易、吸引利用外资、对外投资、国际商事争议解决以及人员出境入境等方面的法律法规，服务扩大高水平对外开放。
（三）深入宣传与维护国家安全和社会稳定相关的法律法规。大力宣传总体国家安全观和国家安全相关法律法规，深化全民国家安全教育日法治宣传教育活动。深入宣传爱国主义教育法，传承和弘扬爱国主义精神。深入宣传国防和军队建设、跨军地治理相关法律法规，增强全民国防安全意识，提升跨军地治理效能。加强社会治理相关法律法规宣传教育，推动建设人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社会治理共同体。坚持和发展新时代“枫桥经验”，深入宣传矛盾纠纷多元预防调处化解相关法律法规。深入宣传刑事、治安管理、反邪教、禁毒、网络安全、保密、反间谍等方面的法律法规，促进预防惩治违法犯罪。加强突发事件应对法治宣传教育，推动全社会提高突发事件预防应对能力。以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线，加强促进民族团结进步法治宣传教育，增强中华民族凝聚力，推进中华民族共同体建设。加强宗教事务方面的法治宣传教育，引导宗教界人士和信教群众自觉在法律法规规定范围内开展活动，提升全社会对非法宗教活动的鉴别力和免疫力。
（四）深入宣传与保障和改善民生、建设美丽中国相关的法律法规。创新开展“美好生活·民法典相伴”主题宣传活动。深入宣传文化遗产保护、全民阅读促进等文化领域法律法规。围绕交通、医疗、劳动、消费、婚姻家庭等群众法律需求较大领域，编制普法工作指南。围绕群众关心的热点问题，深入宣传促进就业创业、教育、社会保障、农村土地承包等相关法律法规。聚焦个人信息保护、防范电信网络诈骗等问题，针对网络谣言、网络暴力、“饭圈”等乱象，深入宣传网络治理相关法律法规。大力宣传生态环境法典，开展“美丽中国，我是行动者”系列活动，加强依法保护鸟类等野生动植物宣传教育。
（五）深入宣传党内法规。坚持依法治国和依规治党有机统一，一体加强党内法规和法律法规学习宣传教育。大力宣传党章和党的组织法规、领导法规、自身建设法规、监督保障法规，加强对新制定修订的党内法规的宣传解读，增强党内法规权威性和执行力。将党内法规纳入党委（党组）理论学习中心组学习、基层党组织“三会一课”必学内容和党员学习培训重点内容，常态化推进尊规学规守规用规，教育引导广大党员懂法纪、明规矩、知敬畏。
四、深入实施公民终身法治教育制度
（一）深化公民法治素养提升行动。广泛开展群众性法治宣传教育活动，强化规则意识，倡导契约精神，弘扬公序良俗，推动形成办事依法、遇事找法、解决问题用法、化解矛盾靠法的社会共识和行为习惯。研究建立公民法治素养基准和测评指标体系。大力宣传崇法向善、厉行法治的典型人物和事迹。
（二）把法治教育纳入干部教育体系，深化国家工作人员法治宣传教育。健全国家工作人员录用考法、日常学法制度，将法治教育纳入教育培训规划计划。全面落实领导干部应知应会党内法规和法律法规清单制度。深入落实国家工作人员旁听庭审、行政机关负责人出庭应诉等制度。发挥领导干部示范带头作用，鼓励党政主要负责人带头讲授法治课。完善综合性法治评价工作机制，提升领导干部法治素养和依法办事能力。
（三）把法治教育纳入国民教育体系，加强青少年法治宣传教育。以青少年身心特点和成长需求为导向，加强正面引导，构建课堂为主、家庭协同、社会联动的青少年法治教育格局。修订《青少年法治教育大纲》。将法治素养纳入学生综合素质评价范围。推动中小学法治副校长配备全覆盖并有效履职。推动有条件的中小学配备具有法学专业背景的法治课教师，实现法治课教师法治培训全覆盖。实施多样化的法治实践教育。加强对各类法治教育进校园活动的统筹。在矫治教育、专门教育和专门矫治教育中重点加强法治教育。探索建立“家长法治课堂”，提升家长对未成年人进行法治教育的意识能力。
（四）把法治教育纳入社会教育体系，加强各类群体法治宣传教育。完善企业经营管理人员学法用法制度，实施新时代民营企业家法治素养提升计划。加强平台企业和新就业形态劳动者法治宣传教育，推动平台企业依法规范用工、保障新就业形态劳动者合法权益，引导新就业形态劳动者遵规守法、依法维权。根据妇女、老年人、残疾人、进城务工人员等群体特点，开展有针对性的法治宣传教育。加强村干部、社区工作者法治宣传教育，提高其服务基层依法治理能力。加强新闻媒体从业人员法治宣传教育，引导其运用法治思维解读社会问题，依法规范报道案事件。加强网络服务提供者、网络从业人员和网民法治宣传教育，促进网络服务提供者、网络从业人员依法经营、履行义务，引导网民文明上网、理性表达。加强“走出去”中国公民、企业法治宣传教育，引导其遵守我国和当地法律，防范和应对法律风险。加强对在华工作生活外国人法治宣传教育，帮助其了解并遵守我国法律法规，保障其在华各项合法权益。
五、加快形成精准开展法治宣传教育新模式
（一）把握法治宣传教育新需求。探索建立基于大数据的精准研判机制，依托政务数据、司法数据、互联网企业数据等，动态识别群众法治宣传教育需求和法治素养薄弱环节，针对不同群体精准开展法治宣传教育。及时了解受众反馈，动态调整法治宣传教育内容和方式。
（二）探索法治宣传教育新方式。在利用好传统法治宣传教育方式的同时，深化全媒体法治传播体系建设，运用微视频、微电影、微短剧、动漫等形式，提升法治宣传教育传播力影响力。持续办好全国法治动漫微视频作品征集展播等活动。实施“法治+非遗”，将法治元素嵌入文化旅游、体育赛事、传统节日、民俗活动等。实施“人工智能+普法”，推动法治宣传教育内容的人工智能辅助生成、智能分发、实时互动。推动社会热点案事件舆论引导与法治宣传教育相结合，引导执法司法机关、媒体、专家等及时开展法治解读。
（三）拓展法治宣传教育新平台。依托现有资源建设“数智普法”平台，加强与中国裁判文书网、人民法院案例库、地方法治宣传教育网站、互联网平台等的资源共享。建设全国统一的法律法规规章和规范性文件信息平台。结合工作实际，在政务服务平台、公共交通设施和社区智能终端等嵌入智能法治宣传教育模块。延展法治宣传教育新媒体矩阵，打造一批高质量法治宣传教育新媒体账号。
六、繁荣发展社会主义法治文化
（一）弘扬红色法治文化。深入发掘、研究、保护红色法治资源，加强中国共产党人精神谱系中法治元素的研究阐释宣传。开展红色法治遗址遗迹和文物普查登记，强化保护措施。把红色法治元素融入党史展览馆、博物馆等文化阵地，打造高质量精品展陈。加强新时代廉洁文化建设，推动廉洁文化走进各行各业、千家万户，弘扬崇廉拒腐社会风尚。
（二）传承中华优秀传统法律文化。鼓励支持高校、研究机构、媒体、智库等加强对中国古代法律典籍、文物、遗迹等的整理研究。依托现有资源建设中华优秀传统法律文化数字图书馆和资源数据库。出版传统法律智慧与新时代法治实践系列丛书。发布中华优秀传统法律文化传承发展典型案例。
（三）丰富法治文化产品供给。加强法治文化品牌培育，鼓励结合特定地域、行业、群体实际，打造特色鲜明的法治文化品牌。实施优秀法治文化作品创作扶持计划，建设法治文化精品库，组织开展全国性交流展示活动。
（四）加强和规范法治文化阵地建设。建立法治文化场所名录，向社会公布并动态更新。加强网络法治文化阵地建设，打造一批网络法治文化传播品牌。加强法治文化阵地设施、内容维护更新，依托阵地广泛开展群众性法治文化活动。
七、健全法治宣传教育工作体系
（一）全面落实“谁执法谁普法”普法责任制。完善国家机关“谁执法谁普法”普法责任清单制度，将履行普法责任情况纳入法治政府建设情况报告、市县级地方党政主要负责人年终述法重要内容。落实“谁管理谁普法”、“谁服务谁普法”，推动群团组织、行业组织、基层群众性自治组织、法律服务机构、企业等积极开展法治宣传教育。探索建立部门普法、军地普法协同联动机制。落实普法提示和责任追究制度，完善司法行政机关普法提示工作相关规定。
（二）完善法治宣传教育与依法治理、法治实践融合机制。深化基层和行业依法治理，引导人民群众在参与法治实践、解决身边实际问题中提升法治素养。加强立法立项、起草、审查、审议、公布、施行等全过程宣传解读，扩大社会参与，推动法律法规实施。加强行政执法、司法文书释法说理，制定执法司法办案全过程开展法治宣传教育工作指引。完善行政机关、监察机关、司法机关典型案例发布制度，落实司法案件公开审查、听证制度，加强以案普法。推动法治宣传教育与加强基层治理、倡导移风易俗相结合，持续整治高额彩礼、低俗婚闹、人情攀比、薄养厚葬等问题。
（三）健全媒体和网络服务提供者公益法治宣传教育制度。推动新闻媒体开设法治专栏专题、刊播法治公益广告、报道法治新闻等，履行公益法治宣传教育责任。市地级以上党报、都市报要合理确定公益法治宣传教育版面比重，广播电台、电视台要加大公益法治宣传教育节目制播力度。推动网络服务提供者特别是大型网络平台设置固定公益法治宣传教育栏目，积极组织网络法治宣传教育活动，对社会热点案事件的权威法治解读给予流量倾斜和推送支持。
（四）引导规范社会力量参与法治宣传教育。深入实施“法律明白人”培养工程，稳步实现有条件的村（社区）至少有5名“法律明白人”，探索在行业领域培养“法律明白人”，发挥其社情民意信息员、法律政策宣传员、矛盾纠纷化解员、法治实践引导员作用。建设全国“法律明白人”网校。鼓励引导国家工作人员、法学教育研究者、法律服务工作者和法学专业学生等担任普法志愿者，研究制定普法志愿者工作指引。打造大学生法治宣讲团品牌。完善社会力量参与法治宣传教育激励保障机制。建立全国法治宣传教育专家库，加强法治宣传教育研究与人才培养。
（五）完善法治宣传教育风险防控机制。严格落实意识形态工作责任制，加强法治宣传教育阵地管理，不给涉法治错误思想和观点提供传播渠道。法治宣传教育的内容应当准确、清楚，避免误导群众。压实网络服务提供者责任，严防“自媒体”账号错误解读。
八、加强组织实施
县级以上地方党委和政府要把法治宣传教育工作纳入本地区法治建设总体部署，纳入精神文明建设、平安建设和法治督察等重点内容，及时研究解决工作中的问题。各级人大常委会要加强对法治宣传教育工作的监督。各级司法行政部门要履行主管部门职责，会同党委宣传部门等加强法治宣传教育工作统筹协调和督促指导。县级以上地方政府结合经济社会发展水平和自身实际，为法治宣传教育提供必要经费，加强对社会资金参与支持法治宣传教育工作的鼓励引导和规范管理，保障法治宣传教育工作开展。开展规划实施情况中期评估和总结评估。规划实施要注重实效，力戒形式主义、官僚主义，避免增加基层负担。
军队的第九个五年法治宣传教育工作，参照本规划进行安排部署。
The CPC Central Committee and the State Council Forward the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Justice on Conducting Legal-System Public Education (2026–2030)
July 27, 2026, 17:55 | Source: Xinhua News Agency
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 27 — The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have recently forwarded the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Justice on Conducting Legal-System Public Education (2026–2030), and have issued a notice requiring all regions and departments to conscientiously implement the plan in light of their actual conditions.
The full text of the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Justice on Conducting Legal-System Public Education (2026–2030) is as follows.
Legal-system public education is a long-term foundational component of comprehensively advancing governance according to law. This plan is formulated in order to strengthen and improve legal-system public education and to promote a prevailing social ethos of respecting, studying, observing, and applying the law.
I. General Requirements
We shall adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC and the successive plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, earnestly carry out the arrangements of the Fourth Plenary Session, and comprehensively implement Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law. We shall deeply appreciate the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments," strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," firm up the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Upholds." We shall uphold the Party's overall leadership, put the people first, comprehensively advance governance according to law, and serve the overall situation of economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Taking the promotion of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law so that it takes deep root in the hearts of the people as the primary task, and taking the implementation of the Law on Legal-System Public Education as the lever, the flourishing development of socialist rule-of-law culture as the support, and the improvement of the legal-system public-education work system as the guarantee, we shall practice the core socialist values, carry forward the spirit of the socialist rule of law, advance the construction of a law-based society, and create a favorable legal environment for comprehensively promoting the building of a strong nation and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernization.
By 2030, the ability and level of leading cadres to handle affairs according to law and the legal literacy of citizens shall continue to improve, and a favorable environment in which the whole of society venerates the rule of law, abides by rules, respects contracts, and upholds fairness shall be further established. Legal-system public education shall be deeply integrated with law-based governance and rule-of-law practice, and the social foundation for comprehensively advancing governance according to law shall be further consolidated. The "whoever enforces the law is responsible for legal education" responsibility system shall be thoroughly implemented, and the level of institutionalization, standardization, and scientific rigor of legal-system public-education work shall be comprehensively raised.
II. Promoting Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law So That It Takes Deep Root in the Hearts of the People
(1) Continuously deepening study and publicity.
A pool of instructors for lecturing on Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law shall be established, and model high-quality courses shall be developed. Making good use of Volume 1 of the Selected Works of Xi Jinping on the Rule of Law, General Secretary Xi Jinping's On Upholding Comprehensively Advancing Governance According to Law, the Study Outline of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law (2025 Edition), the Study Questions and Answers on Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, and the Lecture Series on Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, among others, we shall undertake in-depth study and publicity of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and the latest fruits of its enrichment and development. Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law shall be incorporated as important content in the study and training programs of Party committee (Party group) theoretical study center groups, Party schools (schools of administration), and cadre academies. Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law shall be incorporated into relevant courses at primary, secondary, and higher education institutions. A required course on Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law shall be offered in law programs, and qualified institutions of higher learning shall be supported in offering elective courses in other disciplines. The compilation of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law: A Reader for University Students shall be organized, and textbooks such as An Introduction to Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law shall be put to good use, to promote the comprehensive integration of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law into textbooks, classrooms, and minds. The role of such platforms as the Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law Research Center and the Comprehensively Advancing Governance According to Law Research Center shall be brought into play, and such platforms as the "One Hundred Legal Scholars, One Hundred Lectures" series and the China Rule-of-Law Practice Lecture Hall shall be effectively utilized, to deepen the research, interpretation, and popular dissemination of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law.
(2) Strengthening publicity of rule-of-law practice and achievements.
Focusing on the vivid practice and historic achievements of comprehensively advancing governance according to law under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, through compiling practice-based case studies, organizing media coverage, online thematic publicity campaigns, and other means, we shall conduct in-depth publicity on the CPC Central Committee's centralized and unified leadership over comprehensively advancing governance according to law; publicize the Party's major measures and their effectiveness in leading legislation, ensuring law enforcement, supporting the judiciary, and taking the lead in observing the law; publicize the landmark accomplishments in socialist rule-of-law construction in the new era; and inspire the whole of society to consciously and proactively believe in and rigorously uphold the rule of law.
(3) Deeply advancing international communication.
Making good use of various media cooperation mechanisms and platform channels, we shall thoroughly explain the common values of all humanity embodied in Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, tell China's story of strengthening human-rights rule-of-law protections, upholding fairness and justice, observing the international rule of law, and promoting human civilization under the rule of law, and publicize the superiority of the socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics. We shall strengthen foreign-related rule-of-law publicity and international exchange and cooperation, and through hosting academic forums, conducting multilateral and bilateral rule-of-law dialogues, and other means, elucidate the concepts, propositions, and successful practices of foreign-related rule-of-law with Chinese characteristics, and present from a rule-of-law perspective a China that is trustworthy, lovable, and respectable.
III. Thoroughly Studying and Publicizing the Constitution, Laws and Regulations, and Intra-Party Regulations
(1) Highlighting constitutional education and publicity.
We shall focus on key groups such as leading cadres, newly recruited civil servants, and young people; on key vehicles such as constitutional commemorations, constitutional oath-taking, and constitutional textbook development; and on key platforms such as schools, communities, media, and the internet, to make constitutional education and publicity routine and sustained. National Constitution Day activities and annual rule-of-law role-model publicity campaigns shall be well organized. The national "Study the Constitution, Speak on the Constitution" activity for students shall continue in depth. Publicity and education on the Constitution and the Basic Laws of the Special Administrative Regions shall be strengthened, to enhance the awareness of Hong Kong and Macao compatriots in upholding the constitutional order of the Special Administrative Regions as established by the Constitution and the Basic Laws. The Anti-Secession Law and the policies and principles for advancing national reunification shall be actively publicized, to deepen the awareness of all Chinese people, including compatriots in Taiwan, of the sacred duty to achieve national reunification.
(2) Conducting in-depth publicity of laws and regulations related to promoting high-quality development.
We shall vigorously publicize laws and regulations on national development planning, optimizing the business environment, promoting the development of the private economy, and advancing comprehensive rural revitalization, in service of building a unified national market and accelerating the construction of a new development paradigm. We shall vigorously publicize laws and regulations on the digital economy, platform economy, low-altitude economy, scientific and technological innovation, and intellectual property protection, to promote the development of emerging and future industries and serve the development of new-quality productive forces. We shall conduct in-depth publicity of laws and regulations in the financial sector, strengthen the awareness of financial institutions regarding lawful and compliant operations, enhance the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of financial consumers and investors, guard against and defuse financial risks, and promote high-quality financial development. We shall conduct in-depth publicity of laws and regulations on foreign trade, attracting and utilizing foreign investment, outbound investment, international commercial dispute resolution, and entry and exit of persons, in service of expanding high-level opening up.
(3) Conducting in-depth publicity of laws and regulations related to safeguarding national security and social stability.
We shall vigorously publicize the holistic approach to national security and related laws and regulations, and deepen legal-system public-education activities on the National Security Education Day. We shall conduct in-depth publicity of the Patriotic Education Law, and pass on and carry forward the spirit of patriotism. We shall conduct in-depth publicity of laws and regulations on national defense and military development and cross-military-and-civilian governance, to strengthen the national defense and security awareness of the entire populace and enhance the effectiveness of cross-military-and-civilian governance. We shall strengthen publicity and education on laws and regulations related to social governance, and promote the construction of a social governance community in which everyone is responsible, everyone fulfills their duties, and everyone shares in the benefits. Upholding and developing the "Fengqiao Experience" in the new era, we shall conduct in-depth publicity of laws and regulations related to the pluralistic prevention, mediation, and resolution of disputes. We shall conduct in-depth publicity of laws and regulations in such areas as criminal law, public-security administration, anti-cult activities, drug control, cybersecurity, confidentiality, and counterespionage, to promote the prevention and punishment of illegal and criminal acts. We shall strengthen legal-system public education on emergency response, and promote the capacity of the entire society to prevent and respond to emergencies. With forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main theme, we shall strengthen legal-system public education on promoting ethnic solidarity and progress, enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation, and advance the construction of the community of the Chinese nation. We shall strengthen legal-system public education on religious affairs, guide religious figures and believers to voluntarily conduct activities within the scope prescribed by laws and regulations, and enhance the ability of the entire society to identify and resist illegal religious activities.
(4) Conducting in-depth publicity of laws and regulations related to safeguarding and improving people's livelihoods and building a beautiful China.
We shall innovatively carry out the "A Better Life, Accompanied by the Civil Code" themed publicity campaign. We shall conduct in-depth publicity of laws and regulations in cultural fields such as the protection of cultural heritage and the promotion of nationwide reading. We shall compile guides for legal-education work focused on areas of high public demand for legal services, such as transportation, healthcare, labor, consumer affairs, and marriage and family. We shall conduct in-depth publicity of related laws and regulations on topics of public concern, including employment and entrepreneurship, education, social security, and rural land contracting. Focusing on issues such as personal information protection and preventing telecom and internet fraud, and targeting such phenomena as online rumors, cyberbullying, and toxic fan-culture, we shall conduct in-depth publicity of laws and regulations related to internet governance. We shall vigorously publicize the Ecological and Environmental Code, carry out the "Beautiful China, I Am an Actor" series of activities, and strengthen publicity and education on the lawful protection of birds and other wildlife.
(5) Conducting in-depth publicity of intra-Party regulations.
We shall uphold the organic unity of governing the country according to law and governing the Party according to its regulations, and integrate the study and publicity of intra-Party regulations and national laws and regulations. We shall vigorously publicize the Party Constitution and Party organizational regulations, leadership regulations, self-building regulations, and supervision and safeguarding regulations, strengthen the publicity and interpretation of newly formulated or revised intra-Party regulations, and enhance the authority and enforcement of intra-Party regulations. Intra-Party regulations shall be incorporated as mandatory study content in Party committee (Party group) theoretical study center-group learning, in the "Three Meetings and One Lesson" system of grassroots Party organizations, and as a priority in Party member study and training, to promote on a routine basis the respecting, studying, observing, and applying of regulations, and to educate and guide all Party members to understand laws and discipline, be clear on the rules, and maintain a sense of reverence.
IV. Thoroughly Implementing a System of Lifelong Legal Education for Citizens
(1) Deepening the action to enhance citizens' legal literacy.
We shall extensively carry out mass legal-system public-education activities, strengthen rule consciousness, advocate the spirit of contract, promote public order and good morals, and foster the social consensus and behavioral habit of handling affairs according to law, seeking legal solutions when problems arise, resolving issues through the law, and resolving disputes by relying on the law. We shall research and establish a baseline and evaluation indicator system for citizens' legal literacy. We shall vigorously publicize exemplary individuals and deeds that uphold the law and pursue virtue and rigorously uphold the rule of law.
(2) Incorporating legal education into the cadre education system and deepening legal-system public education for state employees.
We shall improve systems for testing legal knowledge in the recruitment of state employees and for routine legal study, and incorporate legal education into education and training plans. We shall fully implement the list system for intra-Party regulations and national laws and regulations that leading cadres are expected to know and understand. We shall thoroughly implement such systems as state employees observing court proceedings and the heads of administrative agencies appearing in court to respond to lawsuits. We shall give full play to the demonstrative and leading role of leading cadres, and encourage the principal heads of Party and government organs to take the lead in delivering lectures on the rule of law. We shall improve comprehensive rule-of-law evaluation mechanisms, and raise the legal literacy and ability of leading cadres to handle affairs according to law.
(3) Incorporating legal education into the national education system and strengthening legal-system public education for young people.
Guided by the psychological characteristics and developmental needs of young people, we shall strengthen positive guidance and build a pattern of legal education for young people that is classroom-centered, coordinated with the family, and linked with society. We shall revise the Outline for Legal Education of Young People. Legal literacy shall be incorporated within the scope of comprehensive quality assessments for students. We shall promote full coverage in the appointment of deputy principals for legal affairs at primary and secondary schools and ensure they effectively perform their duties. We shall promote the assignment of teachers with a professional background in law to teach legal-affairs courses at qualified primary and secondary schools, and achieve full coverage of rule-of-law training for legal-affairs course teachers. We shall implement diverse forms of practical legal education. We shall strengthen coordination of various legal-education activities entering school campuses. Legal education shall be particularly strengthened in correctional education, specialized education, and specialized correctional education. We shall explore the establishment of "Parents' Rule-of-Law Classrooms" to enhance the awareness and capacity of parents to provide legal education to minors.
(4) Incorporating legal education into the social education system and strengthening legal-system public education for various groups.
We shall improve the system for enterprise management personnel to study and apply the law, and implement a plan to enhance the legal literacy of private entrepreneurs in the new era. We shall strengthen legal-system public education for platform enterprises and workers in new forms of employment, promote platform enterprises' lawful and standardized employment practices, protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers in new forms of employment, and guide such workers to abide by rules and laws and to protect their rights through legal channels. Targeted legal-system public education shall be conducted for groups such as women, the elderly, persons with disabilities, and rural migrant workers, in light of their respective characteristics. We shall strengthen legal-system public education for village cadres and community workers, to improve their capacity to serve grassroots law-based governance. We shall strengthen legal-system public education for media practitioners, guiding them to use rule-of-law thinking to interpret social issues and to report on cases and events in accordance with the law. We shall strengthen legal-system public education for internet service providers, internet practitioners, and internet users, promoting lawful operations and the fulfillment of obligations by internet service providers and practitioners, and guiding internet users toward civilized and rational online expression. We shall strengthen legal-system public education for Chinese citizens and enterprises "going abroad," guiding them to comply with both Chinese and local laws and to guard against and respond to legal risks. We shall strengthen legal-system public education for foreign nationals working and living in China, helping them understand and comply with Chinese laws and regulations and protecting their various legitimate rights and interests in China.
V. Accelerating the Formation of a New Model for Targeted Legal-System Public Education
(1) Grasping new demands in legal-system public education.
We shall explore the establishment of a precision analysis mechanism based on big data, relying on government affairs data, judicial data, internet enterprise data, and other sources to dynamically identify public demands for legal-system public education and areas of weakness in legal literacy, and to conduct targeted legal-system public education for different groups. We shall promptly gather audience feedback and dynamically adjust the content and methods of legal-system public education.
(2) Exploring new methods of legal-system public education.
While making good use of traditional methods of legal-system public education, we shall deepen the construction of an integrated-media rule-of-law communication system, employing formats such as short videos, micro-films, mini-dramas, and animation to enhance the reach and influence of legal-system public education. We shall continue to organize activities such as the national solicitation and broadcast of rule-of-law animation and short-video works. We shall implement "Rule of Law + Intangible Cultural Heritage," embedding rule-of-law elements into cultural tourism, sporting events, traditional festivals, and folk customs activities. We shall implement "Artificial Intelligence + Legal Education," promoting AI-assisted generation, intelligent distribution, and real-time interactive delivery of legal-system public-education content. We shall promote the combination of public-opinion guidance on socially prominent cases and events with legal-system public education, and guide law-enforcement and judicial agencies, media, and experts to conduct timely rule-of-law interpretations.
(3) Expanding new platforms for legal-system public education.
Relying on existing resources, we shall build a "Digital-Intelligence Legal Education" platform, and strengthen resource sharing with the China Judgments Online database, the People's Courts Case Library, local legal-system public-education websites, and internet platforms. We shall build a nationally unified information platform for laws, regulations, rules, and normative documents. In light of practical work needs, intelligent legal-system public-education modules shall be embedded in government service platforms, public transportation facilities, and community smart terminals. We shall extend the new-media matrix for legal-system public education and create a number of high-quality legal-system public-education new-media accounts.
VI. Promoting the Flourishing Development of Socialist Rule-of-Law Culture
(1) Carrying forward red rule-of-law culture.
We shall thoroughly excavate, research, and protect red rule-of-law resources, and strengthen the research, interpretation, and publicity of rule-of-law elements within the spiritual lineage of members of the Communist Party of China. We shall conduct surveys and registration of red rule-of-law sites, relics, and cultural artifacts, and strengthen protective measures. Red rule-of-law elements shall be integrated into cultural platforms such as Party history exhibition halls and museums, creating high-quality exhibitions. We shall strengthen the building of a culture of integrity in the new era, promote that culture across all industries and into every household, and foster a social ethos that values integrity and rejects corruption.
(2) Inheriting and carrying forward the outstanding traditional Chinese legal culture.
We shall encourage and support institutions of higher learning, research institutions, media, and think tanks in strengthening the compilation and study of ancient Chinese legal texts, artifacts, and sites. Relying on existing resources, a digital library and resource database for outstanding traditional Chinese legal culture shall be established. A series of books on traditional legal wisdom and rule-of-law practice in the new era shall be published. Exemplary cases of the inheritance and development of outstanding traditional Chinese legal culture shall be released.
(3) Enriching the supply of rule-of-law cultural products.
We shall strengthen the cultivation of rule-of-law cultural brands, and encourage the creation of distinctive rule-of-law cultural brands in light of specific regional, industry, and community conditions. We shall implement a support plan for the creation of outstanding rule-of-law cultural works, build a repository of fine rule-of-law cultural works, and organize nationwide exchange and exhibition activities.
(4) Strengthening and standardizing the construction of rule-of-law cultural platforms.
A directory of rule-of-law cultural venues shall be established, publicly released, and dynamically updated. We shall strengthen the construction of online rule-of-law cultural platforms, creating a number of online rule-of-law cultural communication brands. We shall strengthen the maintenance and updating of the facilities and content at rule-of-law cultural platforms, and rely on these platforms to extensively carry out mass rule-of-law cultural activities.
VII. Improving the Legal-System Public-Education Work System
(1) Fully implementing the "whoever enforces the law is responsible for legal education" responsibility system.
We shall improve the list system for the "whoever enforces the law is responsible for legal education" responsibility of state agencies, and incorporate the fulfillment of legal-education responsibilities as important content in reports on rule-of-law government construction and in the year-end rule-of-law accountability statements of principal heads of local Party and government organs at the municipal and county levels. We shall implement "whoever manages is responsible for legal education" and "whoever provides services is responsible for legal education," and promote active legal-system public education by mass organizations, industry organizations, grassroots mass self-governance organizations, legal service institutions, and enterprises. We shall explore the establishment of coordinated mechanisms for inter-departmental and military-civilian legal education. We shall implement the system of legal-education reminders and accountability, and improve relevant provisions on legal-education reminder work by judicial and administrative agencies.
(2) Improving the mechanism for integrating legal-system public education with law-based governance and rule-of-law practice.
We shall deepen law-based governance at the grassroots and industry levels, and guide the people to enhance their legal literacy through participation in rule-of-law practice and the resolution of everyday problems. We shall strengthen publicity and interpretation throughout the entire legislative process—including project initiation, drafting, review, deliberation, promulgation, and implementation—expand public participation, and promote the implementation of laws and regulations. We shall strengthen the reasoning and legal explanation in administrative enforcement and judicial instruments, and formulate guidelines for conducting legal-system public education throughout the entire process of law-enforcement and judicial case handling. We shall improve the system for the release of exemplary cases by administrative, supervisory, and judicial organs, implement the system of open review and hearings for judicial cases, and strengthen case-based legal education. We shall promote the integration of legal-system public education with strengthening grassroots governance and advocating the transformation of customs and habits, and continue to address such issues as excessively high bride prices, vulgar wedding disturbances, competitive gift-giving, and lavish funerals coupled with inadequate care for the elderly.
(3) Improving the public-interest legal-system public-education system for media and internet service providers.
We shall promote news media to establish rule-of-law columns and special features, broadcast public-interest rule-of-law advertisements, and report on rule-of-law news, fulfilling their public-interest legal-system public-education responsibilities. Party newspapers and metropolitan newspapers at the municipal level and above shall reasonably determine the proportion of space allocated to public-interest legal-system public education, and radio and television stations shall increase the production and broadcast of public-interest legal-system public-education programming. We shall promote internet service providers, particularly large internet platforms, to establish fixed public-interest legal-system public-education columns, actively organize online legal-system public-education activities, and provide traffic priority and push support for authoritative rule-of-law interpretations of socially prominent cases and events.
(4) Guiding and regulating the participation of social forces in legal-system public education.
We shall thoroughly implement the "Legally Informed Person" cultivation project, steadily achieve a minimum of five "Legally Informed Persons" in each qualified village (community), explore the cultivation of "Legally Informed Persons" within various industries and fields, and bring into play their roles as informants on public sentiment, publicists for legal policies, mediators of disputes, and guides for rule-of-law practice. A national online school for "Legally Informed Persons" shall be established. We shall encourage and guide state employees, legal education researchers, legal service practitioners, and law students to serve as legal-education volunteers, and research and formulate guidelines for legal-education volunteer work. We shall create a branded university-student legal-education lecture group. We shall improve the incentive and support mechanisms for the participation of social forces in legal-system public education. A national pool of legal-system public-education experts shall be established, and research and talent cultivation in legal-system public education shall be strengthened.
(5) Improving risk prevention and control mechanisms for legal-system public education.
We shall strictly implement the responsibility system for ideological work, strengthen the management of legal-system public-education platforms, and deny channels of dissemination for erroneous ideas and viewpoints concerning the rule of law. The content of legal-system public education shall be accurate and clear, so as to avoid misleading the public. We shall press home the responsibility of internet service providers and rigorously prevent erroneous interpretations by "self-media" accounts.
VIII. Strengthening Organizational Implementation
Local Party committees and governments at the county level and above shall incorporate legal-system public-education work into the overall plan for rule-of-law construction in their respective regions, and into key areas such as the development of spiritual civilization, the Peaceful China initiative, and rule-of-law inspections, and shall promptly study and resolve problems arising in this work. Standing committees of people's congresses at all levels shall strengthen their oversight of legal-system public-education work. Judicial and administrative departments at all levels shall fulfill their responsibilities as the competent authorities and, together with Party committee publicity departments and other bodies, strengthen the overall coordination, supervision, and guidance of legal-system public-education work. Local governments at the county level and above, taking into account the level of economic and social development and their own actual conditions, shall provide necessary funding for legal-system public education, strengthen the encouragement, guidance, and standardized management of social capital participating in and supporting legal-system public-education work, and ensure the carrying out of legal-system public-education work. Mid-term evaluations and final evaluations of the plan's implementation shall be conducted. The implementation of the plan shall emphasize practical results, guard against formalism and bureaucratism, and avoid increasing the burden on the grassroots.
The Ninth Five-Year legal-system public-education work of the military shall be arranged and deployed with reference to this plan.
(Editors: Wei Jia, Bai Yu)
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