中华人民共和国反外国不当域外管辖条例 [Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Countering Improper Extraterritorial Jurisdiction by Foreign States]

 

Pix credit here (The world's headquarters of reaction and corruption, the United States, is a degenerate imperialist country)

 Over the last decade or so China has been methodically building a cage of regulation  around the nation--the object of which is to protect China against the inward projection of regulatory, compliance, and monitoring/surveillance regimes within and into China, and especially with respect to the operation of political, economic, social and cultural collectives operating lawfully within China. These include 《中华人民共和国国家安全法》[National Security Law of the People's Republic of China]、《中华人民共和国对外关系法》[Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Relations]、and 《中华人民共和国反外国制裁法》[Countering Foreign Sanctions Law of the People's Republic of China].

The necessity for the construction of this cage of regulation around foreign intervention was a function of the transformation of global convergence globalization into regional aggregations, and of those regional aggregations into systems of sanctions and compliance regimes projected outward from the (especially) European and U.S. metropoles and into states along global production chains, including China. While China has few qualms about doing the same--outwardly projecting its own legal-normative regimes to its own ends and in its own way--it has intensified its preference for erecting strong borders against the inward projection of legal frameworks and their normative structures into China. 

Into this changing State-driven global regulatory environment through which law is reconstituted as borders,  that the Chinese State Council has adopted its 中华人民共和国反外国不当域外管辖条例  [Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Countering Improper Extraterritorial Jurisdiction by Foreign States]. It adds additional detail to the complex of regulatory measures already interposed to produce the State's new textual and virtual borders.  

 Its primary purpose is straightforward, at least as text:

外国国家违反国际法和国际关系基本准则，实施不当域外管辖措施，危害中国国家主权、安全、发展利益，损害中国公民、组织合法权益的，中国政府有权采取相应的措施。[Where a foreign state, in violation of international law and the basic norms governing international relations, implements improper extraterritorial measures that jeopardize China's national sovereignty, security, and development interests, or infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of Chinese citizens and organizations, the Chinese government shall have the right to take corresponding countermeasures.] (中华人民共和国反外国不当域外管辖条例, Art. 3)

And as in the US, the fundamental aim is to promote the development of the framework of national security. "反外国不当域外管辖工作贯彻总体国家安全观，统筹发展和安全，统筹国内国际，维护中国特色社会主义制度，推动构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系。"["Work regarding countering the improper extraterritorial application of foreign laws shall adhere to the holistic approach to national security, coordinate development with security, balance domestic and international imperatives, uphold the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and promote the construction of a more just and equitable global governance system"]. (中华人民共和国反外国不当域外管辖条例, Art. 2).

At the same time, there is no greater form of flattery than imitation. In this case while the assertion of extraterritorial jurisdiction (in the form of the direct and indirect projection  of national security and compliance rules inward into China) triggers the provision of these rules, thje rules also projevct Chinese legal regimes outward in ways that might be equally offensive (on Chinese grounds) to the Statesx into which they are projected.  "中国，* * * 有权对与中国存在适当联系的行为实施域外管辖措施，维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，保护中国公民、组织合法权益。" [China possesses the right to exercise extraterritorial jurisdiction over acts bearing an appropriate nexus with China, in order to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests, and to protect the lawful rights and interests of Chinese citizens and organizations.].  (中华人民共和国反外国不当域外管辖条例, Art. 4). To those ends a system of "working mechanisms [工作机制] are established that provide a structure of balancing factors (中华人民共和国反外国不当域外管辖条例, Arts. 5-6) to determine the existence and scope of actionable incursions. The Government then reserves to itself the scope of lawful responses.

中国政府可以对有关国家实施不当域外管辖措施行为进行评估，确定风险等级，依法采取外交外事、出境入境、贸易、投资、国际合作、对外援助等方面的反制和限制措施。[The Chinese government may assess acts by relevant countries involving the improper exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction, determine their risk levels, and, in accordance with the law, adopt countermeasures and restrictive measures in areas such as diplomacy and foreign affairs, exit and entry administration, trade, investment, international cooperation, and foreign aid.] (中华人民共和国反外国不当域外管辖条例, Art. 7).

 

 

 

中华人民共和国国务院令

第835号

《中华人民共和国反外国不当域外管辖条例》已经2026年3月27日国务院第82次常务会议通过，现予公布，自公布之日起施行。

总理　　李强

2026年4月7日

中华人民共和国反外国不当域外管辖条例

第一条　为了维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，保护中国公民、组织合法权益，维护以国际法为基础的国际秩序，根据《中华人民共和国国家安全法》、《中华人民共和国对外关系法》、《中华人民共和国反外国制裁法》等法律，制定本条例。

第二条　反外国不当域外管辖工作贯彻总体国家安全观，统筹发展和安全，统筹国内国际，维护中国特色社会主义制度，推动构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系。

第三条　中华人民共和国坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，反对霸权主义和强权政治，反对任何国家以任何借口、任何方式干涉中国内政。

外国国家违反国际法和国际关系基本准则，实施不当域外管辖措施，危害中国国家主权、安全、发展利益，损害中国公民、组织合法权益的，中国政府有权采取相应的措施。

第四条　中国政府根据中华人民共和国法律和中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约，或者按照对等原则，有权对与中国存在适当联系的行为实施域外管辖措施，维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，保护中国公民、组织合法权益。

中国政府按照前款规定对有关行为有权管辖，外国国家主张对同一行为实施管辖措施的，双方可以在共同遵守国际法和国际关系基本准则的基础上，通过缔结条约或者经外交途径、主管部门协商等解决。

第五条　国家建立健全应对外国不当域外管辖有关工作机制（以下简称工作机制），统筹协调应对外国不当域外管辖工作。

国务院有关部门按照职责分工承担应对外国不当域外管辖具体工作。国务院有关部门和其他有关机关应当加强外国不当域外管辖措施识别、应对工作的协同配合和信息共享。

第六条　国务院法治部门会同其他有关机关开展外国不当域外管辖措施识别工作，可以进行调查和对外磋商等。有关组织、个人可以向国务院法治部门提出开展识别工作的建议。

开展外国不当域外管辖措施识别工作应当综合考虑下列因素：

（一）是否违反国际法和国际关系基本准则；

（二）被外国国家域外管辖的行为与该国的联系是否适当；

（三）是否危害中国国家主权、安全、发展利益，损害中国公民、组织合法权益；

（四）其他应当考虑的因素。

经识别，有关措施构成外国不当域外管辖措施的，国务院法治部门可以予以公告。任何组织、个人不得执行或者协助执行外国不当域外管辖措施。

中国公民、组织因特殊情况确需执行或者协助执行外国不当域外管辖措施的，应当向国务院法治部门申请并提供相应的事实和理由、需要执行或者协助执行的范围等，按照工作机制决策程序经同意后可以在特定范围内执行或者协助执行有关措施。

第七条　中国政府可以对有关国家实施不当域外管辖措施行为进行评估，确定风险等级，依法采取外交外事、出境入境、贸易、投资、国际合作、对外援助等方面的反制和限制措施。

第八条　国务院有关部门按照工作机制决策程序，可以将推动实施或者参与实施外国不当域外管辖措施的外国组织、个人列入恶意实体清单，依照《中华人民共和国反外国制裁法》、《实施〈中华人民共和国反外国制裁法〉的规定》等，决定对其采取下列一种或者几种反制和限制措施，并予以公告：

（一）不予签发签证、不准入境、注销签证或者限期出境、遣送出境、驱逐出境；

（二）取消或者限制相关人员在中国境内工作、停留或者居留资格；

（三）查封、扣押、冻结其在中国境内的动产、不动产和其他各类财产；

（四）禁止或者限制中国境内的组织、个人向其提供数据、个人信息，与其进行有关交易、合作等活动；

（五）禁止或者限制其从事与中国有关的进出口活动；

（六）禁止或者限制其在中国境内投资；

（七）禁止或者限制其产品、交通运输工具等入境；

（八）罚款；

（九）其他必要措施。

前款规定措施还可以适用于列入恶意实体清单的组织、个人实际控制或者参与设立、运营的组织。

第九条　被采取反制和限制措施的组织、个人可以向作出采取反制和限制措施决定的国务院有关部门申请暂停、变更或者取消有关反制和限制措施，申请时应当提供其改正行为、采取措施消除行为后果等方面的事实和理由。

作出采取反制和限制措施决定的国务院有关部门可以根据实际情况组织评估反制和限制措施的实施情况和效果。

作出采取反制和限制措施决定的国务院有关部门根据评估结果或者根据对相关申请的审查情况，按照工作机制决策程序可以作出暂停、变更或者取消有关反制和限制措施的决定，并予以公告。

第十条　有关反制和限制措施需要国务院其他部门实施的，作出采取、暂停、变更或者取消反制和限制措施决定的国务院有关部门应当按照工作机制程序，将有关反制和限制措施决定通报负责实施的国务院有关部门。

收到有关反制和限制措施决定的国务院有关部门，应当按照职责分工实施。

第十一条　有关组织、个人在特殊情况下确需与被采取反制和限制措施的组织、个人进行被禁止或者限制的相关活动的，应当向作出采取反制和限制措施决定的国务院有关部门申请并提供相应的事实和理由，按照工作机制决策程序经同意后可以与被采取反制和限制措施的组织、个人进行相关活动。

第十二条　国务院有关部门可以对涉嫌执行或者协助执行外国不当域外管辖措施的组织、个人采取现场检查、查阅和复制有关资料等措施。有关组织、个人应当予以协助、配合，不得拒绝、阻碍。

第十三条　国务院有关部门可以对执行或者协助执行外国不当域外管辖措施的组织、个人进行约谈、责令改正。

国务院法治部门按照工作机制决策程序，可以对执行或者协助执行外国不当域外管辖措施的组织、个人作出禁止执行外国不当域外管辖措施的决定（以下称禁执令）。有关组织、个人应当遵守禁执令。

第十四条　任何组织、个人执行或者协助执行外国不当域外管辖措施，侵害中国公民、组织合法权益的，中国公民、组织可以依法向人民法院提起诉讼，要求停止侵害、赔偿损失。

第十五条　省级以上人民政府有关部门按照职责分工，为中国公民、组织应对外国不当域外管辖提供指导和服务。

第十六条　行业协会商会依照法律法规和章程，发挥行业自律和协调作用，引导会员依法合规经营，及时反映行业诉求，为会员提供与应对外国不当域外管辖有关的市场拓展、权益保护、纠纷处理等方面的服务。

第十七条　拒不执行或者规避执行本条例规定的反制和限制措施，或者违反禁执令的，国务院有关部门可以责令改正，禁止或者限制其从事政府采购、招标投标以及有关货物、技术的进出口或者国际服务贸易等活动，禁止或者限制其从中国境外接收或者向中国境外提供数据、个人信息，禁止或者限制其出境入境、在中国境内停留居留，处以罚款等。

第十八条　违反本条例规定，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

第十九条　反外国不当域外管辖涉及反腐败、反垄断、反不正当竞争、出口管制、数据安全、司法协助等相关工作，法律法规另有规定的，依照其规定。

应对外国国家违反国际法和国际关系基本准则，不当禁止或者限制中国公民、组织与第三国（地区）及其公民、组织进行正常的经贸及相关活动的工作，国家另有规定的，依照其规定。

第二十条　本条例自公布之日起施行。

 

Order of the State Council of the People's Republic of China

No. 835

The *Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Countering Improper Extraterritorial Application of Foreign Laws* was adopted at the 82nd Executive Meeting of the State Council on March 27, 2026. It is hereby promulgated and shall enter into force on the date of its promulgation.

Premier: Li Qiang

April 7, 2026

Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Countering Improper Extraterritorial Application of Foreign Laws

**Article 1** These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the *National Security Law of the People's Republic of China*, the *Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Relations*, the *Countering Foreign Sanctions Law of the People's Republic of China*, and other relevant laws, for the purposes of safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests; protecting the lawful rights and interests of Chinese citizens and organizations; and upholding the international order based on international law.

**Article 2** Work regarding countering the improper extraterritorial application of foreign laws shall adhere to the holistic approach to national security, coordinate development with security, balance domestic and international imperatives, uphold the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and promote the construction of a more just and equitable global governance system.

**Article 3** The People's Republic of China adheres to an independent foreign policy of peace, opposes hegemonism and power politics, and opposes any country interfering in China's internal affairs under any pretext or in any manner.

Where a foreign state, in violation of international law and the basic norms governing international relations, implements improper extraterritorial measures that jeopardize China's national sovereignty, security, and development interests, or infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of Chinese citizens and organizations, the Chinese government shall have the right to take corresponding countermeasures.

**Article 4** In accordance with the laws of the People's Republic of China and the international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China, or based on the principle of reciprocity, the Chinese government shall have the right to exercise extraterritorial jurisdiction over acts that have an appropriate connection with China, in order to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests, and to protect the lawful rights and interests of Chinese citizens and organizations.

Where the Chinese government exercises jurisdiction over relevant acts pursuant to the preceding paragraph, and a foreign state asserts jurisdiction over the same acts, the parties concerned may resolve the matter—on the basis of mutual adherence to international law and the basic norms governing international relations—through the conclusion of treaties, diplomatic channels, or consultations between competent authorities.

**Article 5** The State shall establish and improve relevant working mechanisms for responding to the improper extraterritorial application of foreign laws (hereinafter referred to as the "Working Mechanisms") to comprehensively coordinate such response efforts.

Relevant departments of the State Council shall undertake specific tasks regarding the response to the improper extraterritorial application of foreign laws in accordance with their respective divisions of responsibilities. Relevant departments under the State Council and other relevant agencies shall strengthen coordination and cooperation, as well as information sharing, regarding the identification of and response to improper extraterritorial jurisdictional measures taken by foreign states.

Article 6: The department responsible for legal affairs under the State Council shall, in conjunction with other relevant agencies, carry out the identification of improper extraterritorial jurisdictional measures taken by foreign states; such work may involve conducting investigations, engaging in diplomatic consultations, and other related activities. Relevant organizations and individuals may submit proposals to the department responsible for legal affairs under the State Council suggesting that such identification work be initiated.

In identifying improper extraterritorial jurisdictional measures taken by foreign states, the following factors shall be comprehensively taken into account:

(I) Whether such measures violate international law and the basic norms governing international relations;

(II) Whether the nexus between the conduct subject to the foreign state's extraterritorial jurisdiction and that foreign state is appropriate;

(III) Whether such measures jeopardize China's national sovereignty, security, or development interests, or infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of Chinese citizens or organizations;

(IV) Other factors that ought to be taken into account.

If, following such identification, specific measures are determined to constitute improper extraterritorial jurisdictional measures taken by a foreign state, the department responsible for legal affairs under the State Council may issue a public announcement to that effect. No organization or individual shall implement, or assist in the implementation of, such improper extraterritorial jurisdictional measures taken by a foreign state.

Where Chinese citizens or organizations, due to special circumstances, genuinely require to implement—or assist in the implementation of—improper extraterritorial jurisdictional measures taken by a foreign state, they shall submit an application to the department responsible for legal affairs under the State Council. Such applications shall set forth the relevant facts and grounds, the scope of the intended implementation or assistance, and other pertinent details. Upon obtaining approval in accordance with the decision-making procedures established under the relevant working mechanisms, they may proceed to implement—or assist in the implementation of—the measures in question within the specific scope authorized.

Article 7: The Chinese government may assess the conduct of foreign states that implement improper extraterritorial jurisdictional measures, determine the corresponding risk levels, and, in accordance with the law, adopt countermeasures and restrictive measures across various domains—including diplomacy and foreign affairs, exit and entry administration, trade, investment, international cooperation, and foreign aid. Article 8. Relevant departments of the State Council may, in accordance with the decision-making procedures of the working mechanism, include foreign organizations or individuals that promote or participate in the implementation of improper extraterritorial application measures of foreign countries in a "List of Malicious Entities." Pursuant to the *Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of the People's Republic of China*, the *Provisions on Implementing the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of the People's Republic of China*, and other relevant regulations, these departments may decide to adopt one or more of the following countermeasures and restrictive measures against such entities or individuals, and shall make an announcement to that effect:

(I) Refusal to issue visas, denial of entry, revocation of visas, or imposition of a time limit for departure, repatriation, or deportation;

(II) Revocation or restriction of the qualifications of relevant personnel to work, stay, or reside within the territory of China;

(III) Sealing up, seizing, or freezing their movable property, immovable property, and other types of assets located within the territory of China;

(IV) Prohibition or restriction of organizations or individuals within the territory of China from providing data or personal information to them, or from engaging in relevant transactions, cooperation, or other activities with them;

(V) Prohibition or restriction of their engagement in import and export activities related to China;

(VI) Prohibition or restriction of their investment within the territory of China;

(VII) Prohibition or restriction of the entry of their products, means of transport, or other items into the territory of China;

(VIII) Imposition of fines;

(IX) Other necessary measures.

The measures prescribed in the preceding paragraph may also be applied to organizations that are actually controlled by, or that were established or are operated with the participation of, the organizations or individuals included in the "List of Malicious Entities."

Article 9. Organizations or individuals subject to countermeasures and restrictive measures may apply to the relevant departments of the State Council that decided to adopt such measures for the suspension, modification, or revocation of said measures. When making such an application, they shall provide facts and grounds demonstrating that they have rectified their conduct or have taken measures to eliminate the consequences of their actions.

The relevant departments of the State Council that decided to adopt countermeasures and restrictive measures may, based on actual circumstances, organize an assessment of the implementation and effectiveness of such measures.

Based on the results of such assessments or the findings of their review of relevant applications, the relevant departments of the State Council that decided to adopt countermeasures and restrictive measures may—in accordance with the decision-making procedures of the working mechanism—decide to suspend, modify, or revoke the relevant countermeasures and restrictive measures, and shall make an announcement to that effect. Article 10: Where countermeasures and restrictive measures require implementation by other departments of the State Council, the relevant department of the State Council that has decided to adopt, suspend, modify, or revoke such countermeasures and restrictive measures shall, in accordance with the procedures of the working mechanism, notify the relevant department of the State Council responsible for implementation of the decision regarding said countermeasures and restrictive measures.

Upon receiving a decision regarding countermeasures and restrictive measures, the relevant department of the State Council shall implement it in accordance with its division of responsibilities.

Article 11: Where relevant organizations or individuals, under special circumstances, genuinely need to engage in activities that are otherwise prohibited or restricted with organizations or individuals subject to countermeasures and restrictive measures, they shall apply to the relevant department of the State Council that decided to adopt such countermeasures and restrictive measures, providing the corresponding facts and grounds. Upon obtaining approval in accordance with the decision-making procedures of the working mechanism, they may engage in the relevant activities with the organizations or individuals subject to countermeasures and restrictive measures.

Article 12: Relevant departments of the State Council may take measures—such as on-site inspections, as well as the review and reproduction of relevant materials—against organizations or individuals suspected of implementing or assisting in the implementation of improper extraterritorial jurisdictional measures of foreign countries. The relevant organizations and individuals shall provide assistance and cooperation, and shall not refuse or obstruct such measures.

Article 13: Relevant departments of the State Council may conduct regulatory interviews with, or issue orders for rectification to, organizations or individuals that implement or assist in the implementation of improper extraterritorial jurisdictional measures of foreign countries.

In accordance with the decision-making procedures of the working mechanism, the State Council department responsible for legal affairs may issue a decision prohibiting the implementation of improper extraterritorial jurisdictional measures of foreign countries (hereinafter referred to as a "Prohibition Order") against organizations or individuals that implement or assist in the implementation of such measures. The relevant organizations and individuals shall comply with the Prohibition Order.

Article 14: Where any organization or individual implements or assists in the implementation of improper extraterritorial jurisdictional measures of foreign countries, thereby infringing upon the lawful rights and interests of Chinese citizens or organizations, such Chinese citizens or organizations may, in accordance with the law, file a lawsuit in a People's Court seeking the cessation of the infringement and compensation for losses.

Article 15: Relevant departments of people's governments at or above the provincial level shall, in accordance with their respective divisions of responsibilities, provide guidance and services to Chinese citizens and organizations in responding to improper extraterritorial jurisdictional measures of foreign countries. Article 16. Industry associations and chambers of commerce shall, in accordance with laws, regulations, and their respective charters, exercise their roles in industry self-regulation and coordination; guide their members to conduct business in compliance with laws and regulations; promptly convey the demands of the industry; and provide members with services related to market expansion, rights protection, and dispute resolution in the context of responding to improper extraterritorial application of foreign laws.

Article 17. Where an entity refuses to implement, or evades the implementation of, the countermeasures and restrictive measures prescribed by these Regulations, or violates a prohibition order, the relevant departments of the State Council may order rectification; prohibit or restrict such entity from engaging in activities such as government procurement, bidding and tendering, the import or export of relevant goods and technologies, or international trade in services; prohibit or restrict such entity from receiving data or personal information from outside China or providing such data or information to entities outside China; prohibit or restrict such entity from entering or exiting China, or from staying or residing within China; or impose fines, among other penalties.

Article 18. Where a violation of these Regulations constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law.

Article 19. Work regarding the countering of improper extraterritorial application of foreign laws involves related matters such as anti-corruption, anti-monopoly, anti-unfair competition, export control, data security, and judicial assistance; where laws or regulations provide otherwise regarding such matters, those provisions shall prevail.

Regarding work to counter instances where foreign states, in violation of international law and the basic norms governing international relations, improperly prohibit or restrict Chinese citizens or organizations from engaging in normal economic, trade, and related activities with third countries (regions) or their citizens and organizations—where the State has issued separate provisions regarding such work, those provisions shall prevail.

Article 20. These Regulations shall enter into force on the date of their promulgation.