The Party as a State Asset and “新质生产力” (New Quality Productivity):《中国共产党纪律处分条例》 ["Regulations on Disciplinary Actions of the Communist Party of China"]

 

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 新华社研究院the Xinhua News Agency Research Institute has recently circulated ( 更好赋能中国繁荣世界——新质生产力的理论贡献和实践价值] (Better empowering China to prosper the world - the theoretical contribution and practical value of new productivity (20 June 2024))--a fairly detailed discussion of what is appearing to be a signature element of New Era ideology that may be an object of consideration for the upcoming 3rd Plenum--high (or new) quality development. The concept of “新质生产力” (New Quality Productivity) was first announced by Xi Jinping in 2023, as is customary, during the course of an inspection tour. It was quickly embraced by key CPC, political (CPPCC) and State (NPC) organs.  

On January 31, 2024, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a collective study on the solid promotion of high-quality development. General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech, in which he gave an in-depth explanation of the new concept of new quality productivity.

  "In a nutshell, new quality productivity is the advanced productivity quality state that innovation plays a leading role in breaking away from the traditional economic growth mode and productivity development path, and has the characteristics of high technology, high efficiency and high quality, which conforms to the new development concept. It is spawned by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep transformation and upgrading of industries. It has the leap of workers, labor materials, labor objects and their optimized combination as its basic connotation, and the substantial improvement of total factor productivity as its core symbol. Its characteristic is innovation, the key is high quality, and its essence is advanced productivity."

  High-quality development is the hard truth of the new era.

 2024年1月31日，中共中央政治局就扎实推进高质量发展进行集体学习，习近平总书记发表重要讲话，对新质生产力这一全新概念进行深入阐释——

  “概括地说，新质生产力是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。它由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生，以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，以全要素生产率大幅提升为核心标志，特点是创新，关键在质优，本质是先进生产力。”

  高质量发展是新时代的硬道理。[更好赋能中国繁荣世界——新质生产力的理论贡献和实践价值] § 1.1 (Better empowering China to prosper the world - the theoretical contribution and practical value of new productivity)

 Indeed, 习近平总书记提出的“新质生产力”成为最受关注的热词 [the "new quality productivity" proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping has become the most popular hot topic] (了解新质生产力，要读懂三个“不” (To understand the new quality productivity, we must understand three "nevers"))

Much of the focus has been on purely economic issues--that is, respecting issues touching on traditional productivity.  Yet it may be important to consider that in the New Era, China has taken a more comprehensive view of state assets-- This suggests a broader reading of the term in Article 12 of the Chinese constitution. That broader reading may suggest something else as well:  that theory may suggests, that the principle state asset in China under New Era theory is the Communist Party itself, including its institutions and members. That suggests, in turn, that the New Era's theorization of “新质生产力” [ "new quality productivity" ] may be incomplete unless it is turned inward as well. 

To that end, it may be a useful exercise, and the 3rd Plenum provides an excellent opportunity for direction in this respect, to make efforts for the development of more detailed connections between the enforcement and interpretation of the CPC's "Regulations on Disciplinary Actions of the Communist Party of China" [《中国共产党纪律处分条例》] in ways that align them to “新质生产力” [ "new quality productivity" ] in measurable and accountable ways. The connection to the "Three Nevers" (三个“不”) might drive home the point (never separate the people from the communist party, never accept teacher-like preaching from foreigners, and never allow bullying by external forces).

The text of "Regulations on Disciplinary Actions of the Communist Party of China" [《中国共产党纪律处分条例》] and 更好赋能中国繁荣世界——新质生产力的理论贡献和实践价值] (Better empowering China to prosper the world - the theoretical contribution and practical value of new productivity (20 June 2024) follow below in the original Chinese and crude English translations.

 

The CPC Central Committee issued the "Regulations on Disciplinary Actions of the Communist Party of China"

2023-12-27 22:48 Source: Xinhua News Agency

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Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 27. Recently, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the revised "Regulations on Disciplinary Punishment of the Communist Party of China" (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations") and issued a notice requiring all regions and departments to strictly follow and implement them.

The notice pointed out that the 20th CPC National Congress made strategic arrangements for comprehensively strengthening the Party's discipline. The CPC Central Committee revised the Regulations with a view to solving the unique problems of large parties and improving the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. The Regulations fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress, starting from the general source of the Party Constitution, adhering to the strict tone, combining problem-oriented and goal-oriented approaches, improving discipline norms in line with the times, further enforcing political discipline and political rules, driving all disciplines to be strictly enforced, sending a strong signal that discipline will be enforced more strictly in the future, giving play to the role of discipline construction in treating both the symptoms and the root causes, and providing a strong disciplinary guarantee for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization.

The notice requires that Party committees (Party groups) at all levels should shoulder the political responsibility of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, earnestly implement the Regulations, and resolutely investigate and deal with any violation of Party discipline, and effectively maintain the rigidity and seriousness of discipline. We must adhere to the Party spirit, Party style, and Party discipline, and include the Regulations in the compulsory training of Party members and cadres to enhance the awareness of abiding by rules and disciplines. We must insist on putting discipline first, promote the integration of discipline and law enforcement, accurately use the "four forms", implement the "three distinctions", and highly unify strict management and supervision with encouragement of responsibility. Discipline inspection committees (discipline inspection groups) at all levels must conscientiously perform the duties entrusted by the Party Constitution, strengthen supervision, discipline enforcement, accountability, dare to be good at struggle, strictly enforce discipline, and accurately enforce discipline, and continuously promote the in-depth development of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. All regions and departments should report important situations and suggestions in the implementation of the Regulations to the Party Central Committee in a timely manner.

The full text of the Regulations is as follows.

Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Actions
(Approved by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on December 23, 2003, issued by the CPC Central Committee on December 31, 2003, revised for the third time by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on December 8, 2023, and issued by the CPC Central Committee on December 19, 2023)

Part I. General Provisions

Chapter 1 General Requirements and Scope of Application

Article 1 These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the Communist Party of China in order to uphold the Party Constitution and other Party regulations, enforce Party discipline, purify Party organizations, safeguard the democratic rights of Party members, educate Party members to abide by discipline and laws, uphold the unity of the Party, and ensure the implementation of the Party's theories, lines, principles, policies, resolutions, and national laws and regulations.

Article 2 The party's discipline construction must adhere to the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of "Three Represents", the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and uphold and strengthen the party's overall leadership, resolutely safeguard the core status of General Secretary Xi Jinping as the core of the Party Central Committee and the entire party, resolutely safeguard the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, carry forward the great spirit of party building, persist in self-revolution, and implement the strategic policy of comprehensively and strictly governing the party, implement the general requirements for party building in the new era, promote the solution of unique problems of large parties, improve the system of comprehensive and strict party governance, comprehensively strengthen the party's discipline construction, and provide a strong disciplinary guarantee for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization .

Article 3 The Party Constitution is the most fundamental intra-Party regulation and the general rules for governing the Party. Party discipline are the rules of conduct to which  that party organizations at all levels and all party members must abide. Party organizations and party members must adhere to their original aspiration and mission, firmly establish political consciousness, overall situation consciousness, core consciousness, and alignment consciousness, always strengthen confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture, and practice the correct outlook on power, political performance, and career, consciously abide by and maintain the Party Constitution, strictly implement and maintain the Party's discipline, consciously accept the Party's disciplinary constraints, and model compliance with national laws and regulations.

Article 4 The Party’s disciplinary action shall follow the following principles:

(1) Adhere to the party’s need to manage the party and strictly govern the party in an all-round way. Maintain the strict tone, strict measures, and strict atmosphere for a long time, strengthen the education, management, and supervision of the party's organizations at all levels and all party members, keep discipline at the forefront, catch the small ones early, and prevent the subtle ones.

(2) All are equal before the Party discipline. Party organizations and members who violate Party discipline must be strictly and impartially enforced, and no Party organization or member within the Party is allowed to be unrestrained by discipline.

(3) Seek truth from facts. When dealing with violations of Party discipline by Party organizations and Party members, we must base our actions on facts, follow the Party Constitution, other Party regulations, and national laws and regulations, ensure that discipline and law enforcement are integrated, accurately identify the nature of the behavior, distinguish different situations, and deal with them appropriately.

(4) Democratic centralism. The implementation of party discipline sanctions shall be decided by collective discussion of the party organization in accordance with the prescribed procedures. No individual or minority is allowed to make decisions and approve them without authorization. Lower-level party organizations must implement the decisions made by higher-level party organizations on party organizations and members who violate party discipline.

(5) Punish past mistakes to prevent future ones and cure the illness to save the patient. In dealing with party organizations and members who violate party discipline, punishment should be combined with education, and leniency and severity should be balanced.

Article 5: Deepen the application of the "four forms" [“四种形态”] of supervision and discipline, carry out frequent criticism and self-criticism, carry out timely conversation reminders, criticism and education, order inspections, and admonitions, so that "red faces and sweating" become the norm; party discipline shall be light, Organizational adjustment has become the majority of those who violated disciplines; those who were severely punished by party discipline and major job adjustments have become a minority; those who have serious violations of discipline and suspected crimes and are held criminally responsible have become a very small minority.

Article 6 These regulations apply to party organizations and party members who violate party discipline and should be held accountable for party discipline.

Chapter II Violations and Disciplinary Actions

Article 7 Party organizations and members who violate the Party Constitution and other Party regulations, violate national laws and regulations, violate Party and state policies, violate socialist morality, and endanger the interests of the Party, the state and the people, and who should be subject to disciplinary action or sanctions in accordance with regulations, must be held accountable.

The focus is on investigating and punishing corruption cases that have not been curbed since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, cases where there are concentrated clues and strong public response, cases where political and economic issues are intertwined, and problems that violate the spirit of the Central Committee's eight regulations.

Article 8 Types of disciplinary sanctions against party members:

(1) Warning;

(2) Serious warning;

(3) Revocation of party positions;

(4) Keeping the Party on probation;

(5) Expulsion from the Party.

Article 9 For party organizations that violate party discipline, the superior party organization shall order them to make a written inspection or issue a notice of criticism. For party organizations that have seriously violated party discipline and are unable to correct themselves, the party committee at the next higher level may, after investigation and verification, depending on the seriousness of the case:

(1) Reorganization;

(2) Dissolution.

Article 10: Party members who have received a warning or a serious warning shall not be promoted or further used within the Party within one year, nor shall they be recommended to non-Party organizations to take up non-Party positions higher than their original positions or be further used within one and a half years.

Article 11 The removal of sanctions from intra-party positions refers to the removal of the sanctioned party member’s intra-party positions that were elected or appointed by the party. For those who hold more than two positions within the party, when making a decision on punishment, the party organization should clarify whether to remove all their positions or one or several positions. If it is decided to remove one of his positions, the highest position he holds must be removed. If it is decided to revoke more than two positions, they must be revoked sequentially starting from the highest position they hold. For those who hold positions in non-Party organizations, the non-Party organization should be recommended to revoke their non-Party positions.

For party members who are dismissed from their posts for suspected violations of party discipline during the investigation, if they should be dismissed from their posts in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations after the investigation, they should be dismissed from their posts in accordance with their original posts. For those who should be dismissed from their posts in the party but do not hold any posts in the party, they should be given a serious warning. At the same time, if they hold posts in non-party organizations, it should be recommended that the non-party organizations revoke their posts in the non-party organizations.

If a Party member is punished by being revoked from his or her position within the Party, or is given a serious warning in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, he or she shall not hold a position within the Party or be recommended to an organization outside the Party for a position that is equivalent to or higher than his or her original position within two years.

Article 12 The punishment of Party probation is divided into Party probation for one year and Party probation for two years. For party members who have been subject to probation for one year, if they still do not meet the conditions for restoration of party member rights after the expiration of the period, the period of probation for one year shall be extended. The maximum period of party probation shall not exceed two years.

During the period of probation, a party member has no right to vote, elect or be elected. If a party member shows true repentance during the probation period, his/her party membership rights will be restored after the expiration of the period; if he/she refuses to change or is found to have committed other disciplinary violations that should be punished by party discipline, he/she shall be expelled from the party.

If a party member is given a disciplinary punishment of probation, his/her party post will be automatically revoked. For those who hold non-party posts, it should be recommended that the non-party organization revoke their non-party posts. Within two years after the restoration of party membership rights, a party member who has been given a disciplinary punishment of probation may not hold a post within the party that is equivalent to or higher than his/her original post, or be recommended to a non-party organization to hold a post.

Article 13 A party member who is expelled from the party shall not be allowed to rejoin the party within five years, nor may he be recommended to hold non-party positions that are equivalent to or higher than his original position. If there are other regulations that prohibit re-joining the party, the regulations shall apply.

Article 14 If a Party member or cadre is subject to Party discipline sanctions and requires simultaneous organizational treatment, the Party organization shall provide organizational treatment in accordance with regulations.

If a representative of the party’s congresses at any level is punished by probation or above, the party organization shall terminate his or her qualifications as a representative.

Article 15: Members of the leading bodies of Party organizations who are subject to reorganization shall be automatically dismissed from their posts, unless they should be subject to a higher penalty of removal from their Party posts.

Article 16 Party members in the party organization that has been dissolved shall be examined one by one. Among them, those who meet the requirements of party members shall be re-registered and participate in the party life of the new organization; those who do not meet the requirements of party members shall be educated and given a time limit to correct themselves. If they still do not change after education, they shall be persuaded to leave or expelled; those who have violated disciplines shall be investigated in accordance with regulations.

Chapter 3 Rules for the Application of Disciplinary Punishments

Article 17 Anyone who falls under any of the following circumstances may be given a lighter or mitigated punishment:

(1) Take the initiative to explain issues for which you should be subject to Party disciplinary sanctions;

(2) During the process of organizing interviews, letter inquiries, preliminary verification, and case filing, he/she can cooperate with the verification and review work and truthfully explain the facts of his/her violation of discipline and law;

(3) Reporting issues concerning co-defendants or other persons who should be subject to Party discipline or legal prosecution, which are verified to be true, or having other meritorious service;

(4) Actively recovering losses, eliminating adverse effects, or effectively preventing harmful consequences from occurring;

(5) Take the initiative to hand over or refund any disciplinary gains;

(6) Other circumstances under which leniency or mitigation of punishment is warranted as provided for in Party regulations.

Article 18: Based on the special circumstances of a case, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection may decide, or the provincial (ministerial) commission for discipline inspection (excluding the commission for discipline inspection of a sub-provincial city) may decide and report to the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection for approval, to reduce the punishment of a party member who has violated discipline beyond the range of punishment prescribed in these regulations.

Article 19: Party members who violate party disciplines should be given a warning or a serious warning, but if they meet one of the circumstances specified in Article 17 of these Regulations or if otherwise specified in the separate provisions of these Regulations, they may be given criticism and education, ordered to conduct an inspection, admonished, or dealt with by the organization, and exempted from party discipline sanctions. A written justification shall be produced when exempting a party member who violates party disciplines from sanctions.

Party members who have signs or tendencies of problems in work style and discipline or who have committed minor violations of party discipline may be given a reminder talk, criticized and educated, ordered to conduct inspections, or given a warning, but shall not be subject to party discipline sanctions.

Although a party member's behavior causes losses or consequences, where that behavior is neither intentional nor negligent, but is caused by force majeure and other reasons, party disciplinary responsibility will not be imposed.

Article 20 In any of the following circumstances, a heavier or more severe punishment shall be imposed:

(1) Forcing or instigating others to violate discipline;

(2) Refusing to hand over or return proceeds from violations;

(3) After being punished for violating discipline, he should be punished for violating Party discipline again for intentionally violating discipline;

(4) After being punished for violating disciplines, other issues that he did not explain before being punished are found to be subject to party disciplinary sanctions;

(5) Other serious or aggravated punishments stipulated in intra-party regulations.

Article 21 If a Party member is subject to Party disciplinary sanctions again during the period of impact of Party discipline sanctions, the period of influence shall be the sum of the period of influence of the original punishment that has not yet been implemented and the period of influence of the new punishment.

Article 22: Lighter punishment means imposing a lighter punishment within the range of punishment that should be imposed for the violation of discipline as prescribed in these Regulations.

Severe sanctions refer to the imposition of heavier sanctions within the range of punishments for disciplinary violations stipulated in these regulations.

Article 23: Reduction of punishment means reducing the punishment by one level beyond the range of punishment that should be imposed for the violation of discipline as prescribed in these Regulations.

Aggravated punishment refers to a punishment that is one level higher than the punishment range for disciplinary violations stipulated in these regulations.

The provisions of the first paragraph on reducing penalties shall not apply to disciplinary violations for which the only disciplinary punishment under this Regulation is expulsion from the Party.

Article 24 If a person commits two or more disciplinary violations that are subject to Party discipline sanctions as stipulated in these Regulations, they shall be dealt with together, and the punishment shall be increased by one level according to the highest penalty among the several violations; one of the disciplinary violations shall be punished by one level. Those who are subject to the sanction of expulsion from the Party shall be given the sanction of expulsion from the Party.

Article 25 If a disciplinary violation violates two or more provisions of these Regulations at the same time, it shall be dealt with qualitatively according to the provision with more severe punishment.

The constitutive elements of a disciplinary violation stipulated in one clause are all included in the constitutive elements of a disciplinary violation stipulated in another clause. If the special provisions are inconsistent with the general provisions, the special provisions shall apply.

Article 26 Where two or more persons jointly and intentionally violate discipline, the leader shall be given a heavier punishment, except as otherwise provided in these Regulations; other members shall be punished separately according to their roles in the joint violation of discipline and the responsibilities they should bear.

For joint violations of discipline in economic matters, penalties will be imposed according to the amount of individual involvement and the role played. For the leader of a joint violation, if the circumstances are serious, penalties will be imposed according to the total amount of the joint violation.

Those who instigate others to violate discipline should be held accountable for party discipline in accordance with the role they play in the joint violation of discipline.

Article 27 If the leading body of a Party organization collectively makes a decision that violates Party discipline or commits other acts that violate Party discipline, members who have common intent shall be dealt with as jointly violating Party discipline; members who violate Party discipline by negligence shall be punished separately according to their respective roles in the collective violation of Party discipline and the responsibilities they should bear.

Chapter 4 Disciplinary sanctions against Party members who violate laws and commit crimes

Article 28 Party members who commit crimes should be given party disciplinary sanctions in accordance with regulations, so that the application of discipline and the application of law are organically integrated and party discipline and administrative sanctions match each other.

Article 29 If the party organization discovers during the disciplinary review that a party member has committed corruption, bribery, abuse of power, dereliction of duty, rent-seeking of power, transfer of interests, malpractice for personal gains, waste of state funds, or other suspected criminal behavior in violation of the law, the party organization shall be revoked from the party position. , stay on party probation or be expelled from the party.

Article 30 If the party organization discovers during the disciplinary review that a party member has committed acts stipulated in the criminal law, which does not constitute a crime but must be held accountable for party discipline, or has committed other illegal acts that undermine the order of the socialist market economy, violate public security management, and harm the party and the country, If it is against the interests of the people, a warning or even expulsion from the party shall be given depending on the specific circumstances.

Anyone who violates the state's financial discipline and commits illegal acts in financial activities such as public funds revenue and expenditure, tax management, state-owned assets management, government procurement management, financial management, and financial accounting management shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Party members who engage in prostitution or take or inject drugs, or engage in other behaviors that disqualify them from being party members and seriously undermine the party's image, should be expelled from the party.

Article 31 If a Party organization discovers during a disciplinary review that a Party member has seriously violated discipline and is suspected of committing a crime, in principle a decision on Party discipline shall be made first. The Party member shall then be given administrative sanctions by the supervisory authority or sanctioned by the appointing and removing authority (unit) in accordance with regulations. The case shall then be transferred to the relevant state organs for handling in accordance with the law.

Article 32: If a Party member is detained or arrested according to law, the Party organization shall, in accordance with its management authority, suspend his or her Party member rights such as the right to vote, the right to elect, and the right to be elected. If, based on the results of the handling by the supervisory or judicial organs, his or her Party member rights can be restored, they shall be restored in a timely manner.

Article 33: If a Party member commits a minor crime and the People's Procuratorate decides not to prosecute in accordance with the law, or if the People's Court makes a guilty verdict and exempts him from criminal punishment in accordance with the law, he shall be punished by removal from party positions, probation, or expulsion from the Party.

If a party member commits a crime and is fined, he shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 34: Party members who commit crimes under any of the following circumstances shall be expelled from the Party:

(1) Being sentenced to the main punishment stipulated in the criminal law (including suspended sentence) for intentional crime;

(2) Being deprived of political rights alone or in addition;

(3) Having been sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of three years or more (not including three years) in accordance with law due to a crime of negligence.

Those who are sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of less than three years or sentenced to control or detention for negligent crimes shall generally be expelled from the Party. For those who may not be expelled from the Party, the approval of the next higher level Party organization shall be sought in accordance with the provisions on the approval authority for disciplinary action against Party members who violate discipline.

Article 35 If a party member is investigated for criminal liability in accordance with the law, the party organization shall impose party disciplinary sanctions in accordance with the provisions of these regulations based on the effective judgment, ruling, decision and the facts, nature and circumstances of the judicial authority. The agency shall impose corresponding governmental sanctions or the appointing and removing agency (unit) shall impose corresponding sanctions.

If a party member is subject to government sanctions, sanctions or administrative penalties imposed by the appointment and removal authorities (units) in accordance with the law, and should be held accountable for party discipline, the party organization may determine the facts, nature and circumstances of the effective sanctions and administrative penalties, and after verification, give corresponding measures in accordance with regulations. Party disciplinary sanctions or organizational handling. Among them, if a party member is subject to a sanction of removal from office or above in accordance with the law, he shall be given a sanction of removal from internal party position or above in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations.

If a Party member violates national laws and regulations, or the rules and regulations of enterprises, institutions or other social organizations and is subject to other penalties, and should be held accountable for Party discipline, the Party organization shall, after verifying the facts, nature and circumstances confirmed by the relevant parties, impose corresponding Party discipline sanctions or organizational handling in accordance with the regulations.

After the party organization makes a decision on party disciplinary sanctions or organizational handling, if supervisory agencies, judicial organs, administrative agencies, etc. change the original effective judgments, rulings, decisions, etc. in accordance with the law, and have an impact on the original party disciplinary sanctions or organizational handling decisions, the party organization shall based on the changed Effective judgments, rulings, decisions, etc. will be processed accordingly.

Chapter V Other Provisions

Article 36 If a probationary Party member violates Party discipline and the circumstances are minor, and the probationary Party member's status can be retained, the Party organization shall criticize and educate the probationary Party member or extend the probationary period; if the circumstances are serious, the probationary Party member's status should be revoked.

Article 37: Party members who are missing after violating disciplines should be dealt with according to the circumstances:

(1) If a person has committed a serious violation of discipline and should be expelled from the Party, the Party organization shall make a decision to expel him from the Party;

(2) Except for the circumstances specified in the preceding paragraph, if a person’s whereabouts are unknown for more than six months, the Party organization shall expel him/her in accordance with the provisions of the Party Constitution.

Article 38 If a party member who has violated party discipline dies before the party organization makes a disciplinary decision, or if it is discovered after his death that he has committed serious disciplinary violations, if he should be expelled from the party, he shall be expelled from the party; if he should be given a disciplinary punishment of less than probation, a written conclusion of violation of party discipline shall be made and corresponding treatment shall be given.

Article 39: Classification of persons responsible for disciplinary violations:

(1) Directly responsible persons refer to Party members or Party leading cadres who fail to perform or incorrectly perform their duties within the scope of their responsibilities and play a decisive role in the losses or consequences caused;

(2) Persons with main leadership responsibility refer to party member leading cadres who, within the scope of their duties, fail to perform the work in charge or perform their duties incorrectly, and are directly responsible for the losses or consequences caused;

(3) Important persons in leadership responsibility refer to Party member leading cadres who fail to perform or incorrectly perform their duties within the scope of their duties for the work they are responsible for or the work they participate in deciding, and who bear secondary leadership responsibility for the losses or consequences caused.

The persons with leadership responsibility referred to in these Regulations include the persons with primary leadership responsibility and the persons with important leadership responsibility.

Article 40 The term "voluntary confession" as used in these regulations refers to a Party member suspected of disciplinary violations confessing his or her problems to the relevant organization before the organization conducts an interview or letter of inquiry or preliminary verification, or confessing problems that the organization is not aware of during the interview or letter of inquiry, preliminary verification, and case filing period.

Article 41: If party members and cadres who hold ranks and separate positions are punished for violating Party discipline and need to adjust their ranks and separate positions, the provisions of these Regulations on non-party positions shall be followed.

Article 42: When calculating economic losses, all property losses actually incurred at the time of filing a case shall be calculated, including all expenses and fees paid to recover the losses caused by the disciplinary violation. Economic losses that continue to occur after the case is filed and before the case is handled shall also be calculated.

Article 43: Economic benefits obtained from disciplinary violations shall be confiscated or ordered to be refunded. Proceeds from disciplinary violations and compensation for economic losses that are voluntarily handed over shall be accepted and collected or returned to relevant units and individuals in accordance with regulations.

The disciplinary inspection agency handling the case or its superior disciplinary inspection agency should recommend the relevant organizations, departments, and units to correct the positions, ranks, titles, academic qualifications, degrees, awards, qualifications, and other benefits obtained through disciplinary violations in accordance with the regulations.

For Party members who are dealt with in accordance with Article 37 and Article 38 of these Regulations, if investigation confirms that the benefits they obtained were due to their violation of discipline, they shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of this Article.

Article 44 After a decision on party disciplinary sanctions is made, it shall be announced to all party members and themselves in the grassroots party organization where the party member being punished is located within one month. If he is a member of the leadership team, he shall also announce it to the leadership team of the party organization where he is located, and follow the instructions. Cadre management authority and organizational relations will include the disciplinary decision materials in the files of the person being punished; for those who have been punished by revoking their internal party positions or above, they must also go through the corresponding change procedures for positions, wages, work and other related benefits within one month; if it involves revoking Or adjust their non-Party positions, they should recommend that non-Party organizations promptly cancel or adjust their non-Party positions. Under special circumstances, the processing period may be appropriately extended with the approval of the organization that made or approved the disciplinary decision. The maximum processing period shall not exceed six months.

Article 45: The agency that implements the party discipline decision or the unit where the party member is punished shall report the implementation status of the disciplinary decision to the agency that made or approved the disciplinary decision within six months.

If a Party member is dissatisfied with the disciplinary sanctions he or she has received, he or she may file an appeal in accordance with the Party Constitution and relevant regulations.

Article 46: If a party member is punished for violating party discipline, the party organization does not need to cancel the punishment after the expiration of the punishment.

Article 47 The terms “above and below” mentioned in these Regulations include the corresponding level and number unless otherwise specified.

Article 48 The general provisions of these Regulations apply to other intra-Party regulations that have provisions on disciplinary sanctions, except for other intra-Party regulations promulgated or approved for promulgation by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that have special provisions.

Part II

Chapter VI: Punishment for Violations of Political Discipline

Article 49. Those who do not maintain consistency with the Party Central Committee on major issues of principle and have actual remarks, behaviors, or cause adverse consequences shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are more serious, they shall be given a punishment of removal from party posts or probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the party.

Article 50: Through the Internet, radio, television, newspapers, leaflets, books, etc., or through lectures, forums, reports, symposiums, etc., publicly express the stance of adhering to bourgeois liberalization, opposing the Four Cardinal Principles, and opposing party reforms Articles, speeches, declarations, statements, etc. that open up decision-making will be punished by expulsion from the party.

Those who are directly responsible or have leadership responsibility for releasing, broadcasting, printing or publishing the articles, speeches, declarations, statements, etc. listed in the preceding paragraph, or for providing convenient conditions for the above-mentioned acts, shall be given a serious warning or be removed from their party posts; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a probationary period or be expelled from the party.

Article 51: If any of the following acts are committed through the Internet, radio, television, newspapers, leaflets, books, etc., or through lectures, forums, reports, seminars, etc., a warning or serious warning shall be given if the circumstances are minor; if the circumstances are serious, the party post shall be removed or the party shall be placed on probation; if the circumstances are serious, expulsion from the party shall be given:

(1) Publicly publishing articles, speeches, declarations, statements, etc. that violate the Four Cardinal Principles, violate or distort the Party's reform and opening-up decisions, or other articles, speeches, declarations, statements, etc. that have serious political problems;

(2) Arguing against the Party Central Committee’s major policies and undermining the Party’s centralization and unity;

(3) Defame the image of the party and the country, or slander or slander the party and country leaders, heroes and models, or distort the history of the party, the history of the People's Republic of China, and the history of the People's Army.

Anyone who publishes, broadcasts, publishes or publishes the contents listed in the preceding paragraph or provides facilities for the above-mentioned acts shall be given a serious warning or the person with leadership responsibility shall be given a serious warning or the party shall be revoked from their positions; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained in the party for probation or Expulsion from the party.

Article 52. Whoever produces, sells, or disseminates newspapers, books, audio-visual products, electronic reading materials, or online text, pictures, audio, or video materials containing any of the contents listed in Articles 50 and 51 shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are minor; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be given a punishment of removal from his party position or probation; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be given a punishment of expulsion from the party.

Anyone who privately carries or sends newspapers, periodicals, books, audio-visual products, electronic reading materials, etc. that are listed in Articles 50 and 51 into or out of the country, if the circumstances are serious, shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, a warning or a serious warning shall be given; Punishments include removal from party positions, probation, or expulsion from the party.

Anyone who privately reads, browses, or listens to any of the newspapers, books, audio-visual products, electronic reading materials, or online texts, pictures, audio, or video materials listed in Articles 50 and 51 shall be given a warning, a serious warning, or be removed from his or her party position if the circumstances are serious.

Article 53: Anyone who organizes a secret group within the party or organizes other activities to split the party shall be expelled from the party.

Anyone who joins a secret group or participates in other activities that split the Party will be subject to Party probation or expulsion from the Party.

Article 54. Those who engage in non-organizational activities such as forming cliques, forming factions for personal gain, forming gangs, political cronyism, cultivating personal influence, or seeking political capital through exchanging interests or building momentum for themselves, shall be given a serious warning or be removed from their party posts; if it causes the political ecology of the region, department, or unit to deteriorate, they shall be given probation or expelled from the party.

Article 55. Those who engage in opportunistic activities, make friends with political scammers, or are used by political scammers shall be given a serious warning or be removed from their party posts; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given probation or be expelled from the party.

Those who act as political fraudsters shall be punished by removal from party posts, probation or expulsion from the party.

Article 56: Party members and leading cadres who act on their own in the place or department they are in charge of, engage in cliqueism, refuse to implement the major political principles set by the Party Central Committee, or even go on to do something else behind the back of the Party Central Committee shall be revoked from their party positions. , stay on party probation or be expelled from the party.

Those who only make statements but do not implement the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee, or who are not resolute in implementing the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee, or who make concessions or make changes, thereby causing adverse political influence or serious consequences, shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from party posts, probation or expulsion from the party.

Those who disregard the overall interests of the party and the country and engage in departmental or local protectionism shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 57: Party member leading cadres who have a misplaced view of political achievements, violate the new development concept, deviate from the requirements of high-quality development, and cause major losses to the interests of the Party, the state, and the people shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a punishment of removal from party posts or probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the party.

Those who engage in "image projects" or "political achievement projects" that waste people's money and time will be subject to heavier or more severe penalties.

Article 58: Anyone who is disloyal and dishonest to the Party, is inconsistent with what he says, acts in a secretive manner, deceives superiors and deceives subordinates, engages in double-dealing, acts as a two-faced person, and causes adverse effects on politics, shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are more serious, he shall be given a warning or a serious warning. , be given the sanction of removal from party positions or probation; if the circumstances are serious, the sanction of expulsion from the party shall be given.

Article 59: Those who create, disseminate, or spread political rumors and undermine the unity of the Party shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are more serious, they shall be given a punishment of removal from Party posts or probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the Party.

Those who have bad political conduct, make anonymous false accusations, intentionally frame or create other rumors, causing damage or adverse effects, shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 60: Anyone who makes decisions on major policy issues that should be decided by the Party Central Committee without authorization or expresses opinions to the outside world, those directly responsible and those with leadership responsibilities will be given a serious warning or dismissed from their posts within the party; if the circumstances are serious, they will be suspended from the party for probation. Or be expelled from the party.

Article 61: Those who fail to consult and report major matters to the organization in accordance with relevant regulations shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are serious; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from party posts or probation within the party.

Article 62: Those who interfere with inspection and supervision work or fail to implement the rectification requirements of inspection and supervision shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are minor; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a punishment of removal from party posts or probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the party.

Article 63: Anyone who resists organizational review and commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are more serious, he shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from his internal party position or probation; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be given a disciplinary sanction of expulsion from the party:

(1) Conspiracy to confess or forge, destroy, transfer or conceal evidence;

(2) Prevent others from reporting and providing evidence;

(3) shielding persons involved in the same crime;

(4) Providing false information to the organization to cover up the facts;

(5) Other acts of resistance to organizational censorship.

Article 64: Anyone who organizes or participates in rallies, marches, demonstrations, or other activities that oppose the party's basic theory, basic line, basic strategy, or major policies and guidelines, or who organizes lectures, forums, reports, seminars, etc. to oppose the party's basic theory, basic line, basic strategy, or major policies and guidelines, and causes serious adverse effects, shall be expelled from the party for the planners, organizers, and core members.

For other participants or those who support the above-mentioned activities by providing information, materials, property, venues, etc., if the circumstances are minor, they will be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they will be dismissed from their party positions or placed on probation; In serious cases, the punishment will be expulsion from the party.

Those who were coerced into participating without knowing the truth and who truly show remorse after criticism and education may be exempted from punishment or not punished.

Those who participate in other assemblies, processions, demonstrations and other activities without the approval of the organization, if the circumstances are minor, will be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they will be dismissed from their party positions or placed on probation; if the circumstances are serious, they will be expelled from the party .

Article 65: Those who organize or participate in organizations aimed at opposing the Party’s leadership, the socialist system, or being hostile to the government shall be expelled from the Party for the planners, organizers, and core members.

For other participants, if the circumstances are minor, they will be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they will be dismissed from their party positions or placed on probation; if the circumstances are serious, they will be expelled from the party.

Article 66: Those who organize or participate in secret societies or cults shall be expelled from the Party if they are the planners, organizers or core members.

For other participants, if the circumstances are minor, they will be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they will be dismissed from their party positions or placed on probation; if the circumstances are serious, they will be expelled from the party.

Participants who are unaware of the truth and who truly show remorse after criticism and education may be exempted from punishment or not punished.

Article 67: Anyone who engages in or participates in instigating and disrupting ethnic relations to create trouble or participating in ethnic separatist activities shall be punished by expulsion from the party for the planners, organizers and key elements.

For other participants, if the circumstances are minor, they will be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they will be dismissed from their party positions or placed on probation; if the circumstances are serious, they will be expelled from the party.

Those who were coerced into participating without knowing the truth and who truly show remorse after criticism and education may be exempted from punishment or not punished.

If there are other acts that violate the ethnic policies of the Party and the country, if the circumstances are minor, a warning or a serious warning will be given; if the circumstances are serious, a sanction of removal from party positions or probation will be given; if the circumstances are serious, a sanction of expulsion from the Party will be given.

Article 68: If a person organizes or uses religious activities to oppose the Party's theories, lines, principles, policies and resolutions, and undermines national unity, the planners, organizers and key members shall be expelled from the Party.

    Other participants shall be dismissed from their posts within the Party or given probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the Party.

    Those who were coerced into participating without knowing the truth and who truly repent after criticism and education may be exempted from punishment or not punished.

    For other acts that violate the religious policies of the Party and the State, if the circumstances are minor, they shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be dismissed from their posts within the Party or given probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the Party.

Article 69: Party members who believe in religion should be strengthened in ideological education and required to correct themselves within a time limit. If they still do not change after help and education from the Party organization, they should be persuaded to quit the Party. If they refuse to quit after persuasion, they should be expelled. If they participate in inciting activities using religion, they should be expelled from the Party.

Article 70: Those who organize superstitious activities shall be dismissed from their posts within the Party or given probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the Party.

    Those who participate in superstitious activities or engage in superstitious activities by themselves and cause adverse effects shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be dismissed from their posts within the Party or given probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the Party.

    Participants who are unaware of the truth and who truly repent after criticism and education may be exempted from punishment or not punished.

Article 71: Those who organize or use clan forces to oppose the Party and the government, hinder the implementation of the Party and the state’s policies and decisions, or undermine the construction of the Party’s grassroots organizations shall be expelled from the Party for the planners, organizers, and core members.

Other participants will be given the punishment of removal from party posts or probation; if the circumstances are serious, they will be expelled from the party.

Those who were coerced into participating without knowing the truth and who truly show remorse after criticism and education may be exempted from punishment or not punished.

Article 72 Anyone who applies for political asylum abroad or at a foreign embassy or consulate in China, or who flees abroad or to a foreign embassy or consulate in China after violating disciplines, shall be expelled from the Party.

Publicly publishing articles, speeches, declarations, statements, etc. that oppose the party or the government outside the country (territory) shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Anyone who deliberately provides convenient conditions for the above-mentioned acts shall be subject to party probation or expulsion from the party.

Article 73: In foreign-related activities, those whose words and deeds have a negative impact on politics and harm the dignity and interests of the party and the country shall be punished by removal from party positions or probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the party.

Article 74: Those who fail to fulfill the main responsibility and supervisory responsibility for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, or who perform the main responsibility and supervisory responsibility for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party poorly, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects to the Party organization, shall be given a warning or a serious warning as a sanction to the direct responsible persons and the leading responsible persons; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a sanction of removal from Party posts or probation.

Article 75: Party member leading cadres who fail to report, resist, or fight against erroneous thoughts and behaviors that violate political discipline and political rules, turn a blind eye to them, and engage in unprincipled harmony, thereby causing adverse effects, shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from their party posts or probation within the party.

Article 76: Anyone who violates the Party’s rules, such as the Party’s fine traditions and work practices, and causes adverse political influence or serious consequences, shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are more serious, he shall be given a punishment of removal from his Party post or probation; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be expelled from the Party.

Chapter VII: Punishment for Violations of Organizational Discipline

Article 77 Anyone who violates the principle of democratic centralism and commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be given a sanction of removal from party positions or probation:

(1) Refusing to implement or arbitrarily changing a major decision made by a Party organization;

(2) Violating the rules of procedure, an individual or a small number of people decide on major issues;

(3) Deliberately circumventing collective decision-making to decide on major matters, the appointment and removal of important cadres, the arrangement of important projects, and the use of large sums of funds;

(4) Collective violations of regulations under the guise of collective decision-making.

Article 78 If a lower-level party organization refuses to implement or changes the decision of a higher-level party organization without authorization, those directly responsible and those with leadership responsibilities will be given a warning or a serious warning; if the case is serious, they will be dismissed from their party positions or placed on probation. .

Article 79: Anyone who refuses to carry out the decisions of the Party organization on allocation, transfer, exchange, etc. shall be given a warning, a serious warning, or be removed from his or her Party position.

During special periods or emergency situations, those who refuse to implement the above decisions of the Party organization shall be given probation or expelled from the Party.

Article 80: During the disciplinary review by a Party organization, if a Party member who is obliged to testify in accordance with the law and regulations refuses to testify or deliberately provides false information, he shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are serious; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from his Party position, probation or expulsion from the Party.

Article 81 Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are serious:

(1) Violating the provisions on reporting personal matters and concealing or failing to report;

(2) Failure to explain the problem to the organization truthfully when the organization conducts interviews and inquiries;

(3) Failure to report personal whereabouts as required or failure to report truthfully;

(4) Failure to truthfully fill in personal file information.

Anyone who commits the acts specified in Item 2 of the preceding paragraph while providing false information to the organization or covering up facts shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Article 63 of these Regulations.

Those who tamper with or forge personal archival materials shall be given a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a punishment of removal from party posts or probation.

Those who conceal serious mistakes before joining the party should generally be removed from the party; those who have been members of the party for many years and have consistently performed well, or who have made outstanding contributions in their work, will be given a serious warning, removed from their party positions, or placed on probation.

Article 82: If a party member leading cadre organizes or participates in spontaneously formed hometown associations, alumni associations, comrades-in-arms associations, etc. in violation of relevant regulations, and the circumstances are serious, he shall be given a warning, a serious warning, or be removed from his party position.

Article 83 Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are more serious, he shall be dismissed from his position within the Party or given probation; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be expelled from the Party:

(1) Engage in non-organized activities such as canvassing and election support in democratic recommendations, democratic assessments, organizational inspections, and intra-party elections;

(2) Conducting non-organizational activities in violation of organizational principles during voting or election activities prescribed by law, or organizing, instigating, or inducing others to vote or vote;

(3) Conduct other activities that violate the Party Constitution, other intra-Party regulations and relevant charters during the election.

Those who engage in organized canvassing and bribery of votes, or use public funds to canvass and bribe votes, shall be severely or aggravatedly punished.

Article 84 In the process of cadre selection and appointment, if there are any violations of the regulations on cadre selection and appointment, such as nepotism, exclusion of dissidents, appointment of officials, intercession, intercession, promotion or adjustment of cadres, etc., those directly responsible and leaders will be punished. Those responsible, if the circumstances are minor, will be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they will be dismissed from their party positions or placed on probation; if the circumstances are serious, they will be expelled from the party.

If negligence and mistakes in employment cause serious consequences, the direct responsible persons and the persons with leadership responsibility shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 85 When promoting the work of leading cadres to be promoted or demoted, and to do a good job in humanism and commit one of the following acts, those directly responsible and those responsible for leadership, if the circumstances are more serious, will be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, , be given sanctions of removal from party positions or probation:

(1) Using Party discipline and government sanctions to avoid organizational adjustments;

(2) Replacing Party discipline and administrative sanctions with organizational adjustments;

(3) Other actions that evade the main issue and focus on the trivial one.

Article 86. Anyone who conceals or distorts the truth, or uses his or her power or influence to seek benefits for himself or others in violation of relevant regulations in the recruitment, assessment, promotion of positions and ranks, evaluation and appointment of professional titles, honorary commendations, awarding of academic titles, conscription, and resettlement of retired soldiers of cadres and employees shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are more serious, he or she shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from Party posts or probation; if the circumstances are serious, he or she shall be given a disciplinary sanction of expulsion from the Party.

Anyone who commits fraud to obtain position, rank, title, benefits, qualifications, academic qualifications, degree, honor, title or other benefits shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 87 If a party member's right to vote, elect or stand for election is infringed upon, and the circumstances are relatively serious, a warning or a serious warning will be given; if the circumstances are serious, a sanction of removal from the party's position will be given.

Anyone who uses coercion, threats, deception, solicitation or other means to hinder party members from independently exercising their right to vote, elect or stand for election shall be punished by removal from party positions, probation or expulsion from the party.

Article 88: Where any of the following acts are committed, the direct responsible persons and the persons responsible for leadership shall be given a warning or a serious warning; where the circumstances are more serious, they shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from their internal Party posts or probation; where the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a disciplinary sanction of expulsion from the Party:

(1) Obstructing or suppressing criticism, reporting or accusation, or privately withholding or destroying criticism, reporting or accusation materials, or intentionally leaking them to others;

(2) Suppressing party members’ defense, testimony, etc., causing adverse consequences;

(3) Suppressing party members’ complaints, causing adverse consequences, or failing to handle party members’ complaints in accordance with relevant regulations;

(4) Other acts that infringe upon the rights of Party members and cause adverse consequences.

Those who retaliate against critics, informants, accusers, witnesses and other persons shall be subject to heavier or more severe punishment.

Article 89: If anyone violates the provisions of the Party Constitution and other Party regulations by adopting fraud or other means to develop people who do not meet the requirements for Party membership, or by issuing Party membership certificates to non-Party members, the direct responsible persons and the leading responsible persons shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from their Party posts.

If the Party members are recruited in violation of relevant stipulated procedures, those directly responsible and those responsible for leadership shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 90: Where anyone obtains foreign nationality or permanent residence status or a long-term residence permit abroad in violation of relevant regulations, the sanction shall be removal from party posts, placed on probation, or expelled from the party.

Article 91 Anyone who violates relevant regulations when applying for documents to travel abroad (border) for private purposes, or passes to Hong Kong and Macao, or enters or exits the country (border) without approval, will be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are relatively minor; if the circumstances are serious, it will be revoked Party positions or probation; if the circumstances are serious, the person may be expelled from the Party.

Although you have been approved to leave the country (border) for private purposes, but you change the route without authorization, fail to return after the expiry date without justifiable reasons, etc. and go abroad (border) beyond the approved scope, if the circumstances are serious, you will be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, you will be revoked from the party. Internal job sanctions.

Article 92: Party members stationed abroad or in temporary delegations going abroad who leave the organization without authorization, or party members engaged in foreign affairs, confidential affairs, military affairs, etc. who contact and communicate with foreign institutions or personnel in violation of relevant regulations, shall be given a warning, a serious warning, or be removed from their party positions.

Article 93: Party members stationed abroad or in temporary overseas (overseas) tours (groups) who leave the organization for less than six months and then voluntarily return will be punished with removal from their party positions or probation; Those who exceed six months will be treated as voluntarily quitting the party and will be removed from the party.

Anyone who intentionally provides convenience for others to leave the organization shall be given a warning, a serious warning, or be removed from his or her party position.

Chapter 8: Punishment for Violations of Integrity Discipline

Article 94 Party members and cadres must correctly exercise the power granted by the people, be honest and upright, oppose the idea and phenomenon of privilege, and oppose any abuse of power and pursuit of personal gain.

If a party member uses his or her power or influence to seek benefits for others, and his or her spouse, children, spouse of children, other relatives, or other persons with whom he or she has a specific relationship accepts money or property from the other party, he or she shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are serious. If the circumstances are serious, he or she shall be given a disciplinary punishment of removal from party posts, probation, or expulsion from the party.

Article 95: Those who use their authority or the influence of their office to seek benefits and engage in power-for-power transactions for their spouses, children, spouses of their children, relatives, immediate staff, and other persons with whom they have a special relationship shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are more serious, they shall be given a removal from their party posts or a probationary period; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the party.

Article 96: If a Party member or cadre condones or acquiesces in his or her spouse, children, their spouses, other relatives, close staff, or other persons with a specific relationship using his or her power or influence to seek personal gain, he or she shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are minor; if the circumstances are serious, he or she shall be given a punishment of removal from Party posts or probation; if the circumstances are serious, he or she shall be expelled from the Party.

If the spouse, children, their spouses, other relatives and other persons with specific relationships of Party members and cadres receive salaries without actually working, or receive salaries that clearly exceed the standard salaries for people of the same rank while actually working, and the Party members and cadres are aware of this and fail to correct the situation, they shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 97 Anyone who accepts gifts, gifts, consumer cards (coupons), securities, equity, other financial products and other property that may affect the fair execution of official duties, and the circumstances are relatively minor, shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are more serious, , be given the sanction of removal from party positions or probation; if the circumstances are serious, the sanction of expulsion from the party shall be given.

Acceptance of other property that obviously exceeds normal courtesy exchanges shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 98: If a person gives gifts, cash gifts, consumption cards (vouchers), securities, equity, other financial products and other property that clearly exceed normal gift-giving and receiving to public officials, their spouses, children and their spouses, other relatives and other persons with whom they have a specific relationship, and the circumstances are serious, he shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from his party position or probation within the party.

Anyone who gives gifts in disguised form in the name of lecture fees, project fees, consulting fees, etc. shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 99: Borrowing money, housing, vehicles, etc. from management and service objects may affect the fair execution of official duties. If the circumstances are serious, a warning or a serious warning shall be given; if the circumstances are serious, the person shall be dismissed from the party position or placed on probation. Or be expelled from the party.

If large returns are obtained through financial activities such as private lending, which may affect the impartial performance of official duties, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be followed.

Article 100: Anyone who takes advantage of his power or the influence of his position to arrange weddings and funerals, causing adverse effects, shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be given a sanction of removal from his position within the party; taking the opportunity to make money or other violations of the state or collective Those who act in the interests of the people shall be severely punished or aggravated, up to and including expulsion from the party.

Article 101. If the circumstances are serious, banquets or travel, fitness, entertainment and other activity arrangements that may affect the fair execution of official duties are accepted or provided, a warning or a serious warning shall be given; if the circumstances are serious, a person may be dismissed from the party's position or be retained in the party. Observe and punish.

Article 102: Anyone who obtains, holds, or actually uses various consumer cards (vouchers) such as sports and fitness cards, club membership cards, golf cards, etc. in violation of relevant regulations, or enters and exits private clubs in violation of relevant regulations, shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are serious; if the circumstances are serious, the person shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from party posts or probation.

Article 103: Those who violate relevant regulations by engaging in profit-making activities and commit any of the following acts shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are minor; dismissal from party posts or probation if the circumstances are serious; expulsion from the party if the circumstances are serious:

(1) Doing business and running enterprises;

(2) Owning shares or securities of unlisted companies (enterprises);

(3) Buying and selling stocks or making other securities investments;

(4) engaging in paid intermediary activities;

(5) Register a company or invest in shares abroad;

(6) Other behaviors that violate relevant regulations and engage in profit-making activities.

Anyone who uses the information acquired while participating in corporate restructuring, private placement, merger and investment, land use rights transfer, etc. to buy and sell stocks, or uses his power or influence in office to make abnormal profits by purchasing trust products, funds, etc., shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Anyone who violates relevant regulations by working part-time in an economic organization, social organization or other unit, or who is approved to work part-time but obtains additional benefits such as salary, bonuses, allowances, etc. shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1.

Article 104: Use the authority or influence of one’s position to provide services to spouses, children, spouses and other relatives and other specifically related persons in matters such as review and approval, supervision, resource development, financial credit, bulk procurement, transfer of land use rights, real estate development, and projects. For seeking benefits in bidding and public finance revenue and expenditure, if the circumstances are relatively minor, a warning or a serious warning will be given; if the circumstances are serious, a sanction of removal from party positions or probation will be given; if the circumstances are serious, a sanction of expulsion from the party will be given.

Anyone who takes advantage of his authority or the influence of his position to provide assistance to obtain benefits for his spouse, children, relatives such as spouses and other persons with special relationships, to promote financial products, to operate special resources such as valuable specialties, etc. shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 105: After resigning or retiring (retiring) in violation of relevant regulations, he accepts employment from enterprises, intermediaries and other units within the jurisdiction and business scope of the original position or directly related to the original work business, or an individual engages in work related to the original job. If the circumstances are relatively minor, a warning or a serious warning will be given; if the circumstances are serious, a sanction of removal from the party's position will be imposed; if the circumstances are serious, a sanction of probation will be given.

Party members and leading cadres who violate relevant regulations after resigning or retiring (retiring) from serving as independent directors or independent supervisors of listed companies or fund management companies will be given a warning or serious warning if the circumstances are relatively minor; if the circumstances are serious, they will be revoked from the party Job sanctions; if the circumstances are serious, the punishment of probation will be given.

Article 106. If you leave your job or after retirement (retirement), use the original power or influence of your position to seek benefits for your spouse, children, spouses and other relatives and other specific related parties, if the circumstances are relatively minor, you will be given a warning. Or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, the punishment of removal from party positions or probation; if the circumstances are serious, the punishment of expulsion from the party.

If a party member uses his or her original power or influence to seek benefits for others after leaving office or retiring, and his or her spouse, children, their spouse, other relatives, and other persons with a specific relationship accept money or property from them, he or she shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are serious. If the circumstances are serious, he or she shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from party posts, probation, or expulsion from the party.

Article 107: If the spouse, children, or their spouse, of a Party member leading cadre, violates relevant regulations by engaging in business activities that may affect the impartial performance of their duties in the area and business scope under the jurisdiction of the Party member leading cadre, or engages in other acts that violate prohibitions on business operations, the Party member leading cadre shall correct the situation in accordance with regulations; if he refuses to correct the situation, he shall resign from his current position or have his position adjusted by the organization; if he does not resign from his current position or refuses to obey the organization's adjustment of his position, he shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from his Party position.

Article 108 If the party or state organs violate relevant regulations when engaging in business operations, those directly responsible and those with leadership responsibilities will be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they will be given a sanction of removal from their party positions.

Article 109: If a Party member leading cadre violates the work and life security system and seeks special treatment in terms of transportation, medical care, security, etc. for himself, his spouse, children and their spouses, other relatives, immediate staff and other persons with whom he has a special relationship, and the circumstances are serious, he shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from his Party position or probation.

Article 110: If the interests of the state or the collective are infringed upon in the allocation or purchase of housing, and the circumstances are relatively minor, a warning or a serious warning shall be given; if the circumstances are serious, a sanction of removal from party positions or probation shall be given; if the circumstances are serious, be given the sanction of expulsion from the party.

Article 111: Taking advantage of one's power or influence of one's position to misappropriate public or private property that is not under one's control, or to misappropriate public or private property by means of symbolic payment of money, or to accept services or use labor services without compensation or by paying symbolic remuneration. , if the circumstances are minor, a warning or a serious warning will be given; if the circumstances are serious, a sanction of removal from party positions or probation will be given; if the circumstances are serious, a sanction of expulsion from the party will be given.

Anyone who uses his or her power or the influence of his or her position to have subordinate units, other units or other persons pay or reimburse expenses that should be paid by himself or herself, his or her spouse, children and their spouses, other relatives, immediate staff and other persons with whom he or she has a specific relationship, shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 112. Anyone who takes advantage of his power or the influence of his position to occupy public property for personal use in violation of relevant regulations for more than six months, and the circumstances are serious, shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be revoked from the Party Committee. Job sanctions.

Those who occupy public property for profit-making activities shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be removed from their party posts or given probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the party.

Lending public property to others for profit-making activities shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 113: If a person directly responsible or has leadership responsibility for organizing or participating in banquets, entertainment, or fitness activities paid for with public funds in violation of relevant regulations, or using public funds to purchase, give away, or distribute gifts, consumption cards (vouchers), etc., if the circumstances are minor, he or she shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, he or she shall be given a punishment of removal from party posts or probation; if the circumstances are serious, he or she shall be given a punishment of expulsion from the party.

Article 114. Those who violate relevant regulations by setting their own salaries or indiscriminately issuing allowances, subsidies, bonuses, benefits, etc., those directly responsible and those with leadership responsibilities, if the circumstances are minor, shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, , be given the sanction of removal from party positions or probation; if the circumstances are serious, the sanction of expulsion from the party shall be given.

Article 115: For any of the following conduct, the direct responsible persons and the persons with leadership responsibility shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are relatively minor; if the circumstances are relatively serious, they shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from their internal Party posts or probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a disciplinary sanction of expulsion from the Party:

(1) Traveling on public funds or traveling on public funds in disguise under the guise of study and training, investigation and research, employee recuperation, etc.;

(2) Change official schedule and take the opportunity to travel;

(3) Participate in inspection activities organized by the enterprises and subordinate units under your management and take the opportunity to travel.

If public funds are used to travel abroad in disguised forms such as inspection, study, training, seminars, investment promotion, and exhibitions, the direct persons responsible and the persons with leadership responsibilities shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 116: Those who violate the reception management regulations, provide reception beyond the standards or scope, or take the opportunity to eat and drink excessively, shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are serious; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from their party posts.

Article 117: Where anyone violates relevant provisions in equipping, purchasing, replacing, decorating, or using official vehicles, or commits other acts that violate provisions on the management of official vehicles, the direct responsible persons and the persons in leadership responsibility shall, if the circumstances are relatively serious, be given a warning or a serious warning; where the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from their party posts or probation within the party.

Article 118 Violates the regulations on the management of conference activities and commits one of the following acts. If the circumstances are serious, the person directly responsible or the person responsible for leadership shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, the penalty of removal from the party's position shall be given: :

(1) Hold meetings in scenic spots where meetings are prohibited;

(2) Decide or approve the holding of various festivals and celebrations;

(3) Other acts that violate the regulations on conference and activity management.

Those who organize, commend, and create demonstration activities without authorization, or collect fees through appraisals and commend or create demonstration activities, those directly responsible and those with leadership responsibilities shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 119: Where any of the following acts are committed in violation of the provisions on office space management, the direct responsible persons and the persons in leadership responsibility shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are more serious; in serious cases, the punishment of removal from internal party posts shall be:

(1) Deciding on or approving the construction and renovation of office buildings, training centers and other facilities;

(2) Providing or using office space beyond the standard;

(3) Renting or borrowing office space without approval;

(4) Using public funds to rent or occupy guest rooms or other places for personal use;

(5) Other violations of office space management and other regulations.

Article 120 Anyone who engages in power-for-sex transactions or gives property for money-sex transactions shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, the punishment of removal from party positions or probation; if the circumstances are serious, the punishment shall be expulsion from the Party. .

Article 121. Anyone who violates the disciplinary provisions on integrity shall be given a warning or even be expelled from the Party depending on the specific circumstances.

Chapter IX: Punishment for Violations of Mass Discipline

Article 122: Those who commit any of the following acts shall be given a warning or a serious warning to those directly responsible and those with leadership responsibilities if the circumstances are minor; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be dismissed from their positions within the Party or placed on Party probation; If the circumstances are serious, the punishment will be expulsion from the party:

(1) Raising funds, labor, and apportioning expenses from the masses beyond the standards and scope, thereby increasing the burden on the masses;

(2) Detaining and collecting money and property from the masses or punishing the masses in violation of relevant regulations;

(3) Withholding the property of the public, or defaulting on payments to the public in violation of relevant regulations;

(4) Collecting fees in violation of relevant regulations in management or service activities;

(5) Making things difficult for the masses and taking advantage of them when handling matters involving the masses;

(6) Other acts that infringe upon the interests of the masses.

Anyone who commits the above acts in the field of rural revitalization shall be severely punished or aggravated.

Article 123. If the autonomy of production and operation is interfered with, resulting in greater losses to the property of the masses, those directly responsible and those with leadership responsibilities shall be given warnings or serious warnings; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be dismissed from their positions within the Party or retained in the Party. Observe and punish.

Article 124: Those who favor relatives and friends and are obviously unfair in the distribution of social security, social assistance, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials, etc. shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a punishment of removal from party posts or probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the party.

Article 125: Those who use clans or criminal gangs to oppress the masses, or condone criminal gangs and serve as "protective umbrellas" for criminal gangs, shall be given the punishment of removal from party posts or probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the party.

Article 126: Where any of the following acts is committed, the direct responsible persons and the persons responsible for leadership shall, if the circumstances are more serious, be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from their internal Party posts or probation:

(1) Problems involving the production, life and other vital interests of the masses can be solved in accordance with policies or relevant regulations but are not solved in a timely manner, resulting in inaction and low efficiency, causing adverse effects;

(2) Passively responding to the demands of the masses that are in line with policy, shirking responsibility, and wrangling over issues, thus damaging the relationship between the Party and the masses, and between cadres and the masses;

(3) Treating the masses with a bad attitude, being simple and rude, causing adverse effects;

(4) engaging in fraud, deceiving superiors and concealing the truth from subordinates, and harming the interests of the masses;

(5) Other acts of omission, disorderly conduct, slow conduct, false conduct, etc. that harm the interests of the masses.

Article 127: When encountering a serious threat to state property and people's lives and property, if the situation is serious, a warning, a serious warning, or removal from the party's position will be given; if the circumstances are serious, the party will be suspended. Probation or expulsion from the party.

Article 128: Failure to disclose Party affairs, government affairs, factory affairs, village (neighborhood) affairs, etc. in accordance with regulations infringes upon the people’s right to know. For serious circumstances, the direct responsible persons and the leadership responsible persons shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a disciplinary punishment of removal from Party posts or probation.

Article 129. Anyone who violates mass discipline regulations shall be given a warning or even expelled from the Party depending on the specific circumstances.

Chapter 10: Punishment for Violations of Work Discipline

Article 130: Those who are irresponsible or negligent in their work, fail to implement, inspect and supervise the implementation of the decisions and arrangements of their superiors, and cause major losses to the interests of the Party, the State, the people, and public property, shall be given a warning or a serious warning as a disciplinary measure for the direct responsible persons and the persons in charge of leadership; if major losses are caused, they shall be given a disciplinary measure of removal from their Party posts, probation within the Party, or expulsion from the Party.

If a Party member leading cadre passively avoids or shirks responsibility for problems that already existed before he took office and that fall within the scope of his responsibilities, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects, he shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 131. Any person who dares not to struggle or is unwilling to take responsibility in his or her work, or who retreats in the face of major contradictions, conflicts, crises, or difficulties, thereby causing adverse effects or serious consequences, shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, he or she shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from his or her party position, probation, or expulsion from the party.

Article 132: Whoever commits any of the following acts, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects, those directly responsible and those responsible for leadership shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are more serious, they shall be dismissed from their party positions or retained Party probation; in serious cases, expulsion from the Party:

(1) Being keen on creating public opinion and staying on the surface;

(2) Simply implementing meetings with meetings and implementing documents with documents, without taking action in actual work;

(3) Being divorced from reality, failing to conduct in-depth investigation and research, and making arbitrary decisions and mechanically executing them;

(iv) Violating relevant provisions on reducing documents and meetings and creating an endless amount of documents and meetings;

(5) In the process of supervision, inspection, assessment, etc., adding layers of requirements and leaving excessive records, thus increasing the workload at the grassroots level;

(6) Other formalistic and bureaucratic behaviors at work.

Article 133: If anyone fails to perform or incorrectly performs the publicity and education, supervision and management duties in the management of meals for official activities or meals in unit canteens, resulting in food waste and serious adverse effects, the direct responsible persons and the persons in charge of leadership shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from their party posts.

Article 134 In the process of organizational establishment, if any of the following behaviors are committed, causing adverse effects or serious consequences, those directly responsible and those with leadership responsibilities will be given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are more serious, they will be revoked In-party positions or probation; in serious cases, expulsion from the party:

(1) Adjusting responsibilities, setting up institutions, approving the number of leadership positions and assigning personnel without authorization beyond the scope of the "three determinations";

(2) Interfering with the establishment of local institutions in violation of regulations;

(3) Other acts that violate the regulations on institutional establishment management.

Article 135. During the petition work, if any of the following behaviors are committed, causing adverse effects or serious consequences, those directly responsible and those with leadership responsibilities will be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are more serious, they will be revoked from the party. or be kept in the Party for probation; if the circumstances are serious, the punishment will be expulsion from the Party:

(1) Failure to accept and handle letters and visits in accordance with regulations;

(2) Ineffective handling of large-scale collective visits, etc., leading to the expansion of the situation;

(3) Insufficient attention and poor implementation of suggestions put forward by the party committee and government petition departments to improve work and improve policies, resulting in long-term unresolved problems;

(4) Other behaviors of not performing or incorrectly performing the duties of petition work.

If a person fails to perform his or her duties or performs his or her duties incorrectly, resulting in the occurrence of letters and visits and causing adverse effects or serious consequences, the direct persons responsible and the persons with leadership responsibility shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 136 If a party organization commits one of the following acts, those directly responsible or those with leadership responsibilities will be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are serious; if the circumstances are serious, they will be dismissed from their party positions or placed on probation. :

(1) During the period when a Party member is under investigation, arbitrarily approving him/her to go on a business trip, go abroad, or resign, or transferring, promoting him/her to a higher position, raising his/her rank, further employing him/her, rewarding him/her, or handling his/her retirement procedures;

(2) After a party member is held criminally responsible in accordance with the law, party disciplinary sanctions are not imposed in accordance with regulations, or party members who violate national laws and regulations should be given party disciplinary sanctions but not punished;

(3) After a decision on a Party discipline sanction or a decision on an appeal review is made, failure to follow the relevant provisions regarding the Party membership, position, rank, treatment, etc. of the person being sanctioned;

(4) After a Party member is disciplined by the Party, daily education, management and supervision of the disciplined Party member is not carried out in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationship.

Article 137: Whoever abuses accountability or is seriously irresponsible in accountability work, causing adverse effects, those directly responsible and those with leadership responsibilities will be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they will be revoked from the party. Internal job sanctions.

Article 138 If irresponsible work leads to the defection of the personnel under their supervision, those directly responsible and those with leadership responsibilities shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, the penalty of removal from the party's position shall be given.

If the direct responsible persons and the leadership responsible persons cause the people under their management to flee or leave due to irresponsibility in their work, they shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are serious; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from their party posts.

Article 139: Those who are directly responsible or have leadership responsibility for statistical fraud shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are minor; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a punishment of removal from party posts or probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a punishment of expulsion from the party.

If statistical fraud is neglected and causes serious consequences, the direct responsible persons and the leadership responsible persons will be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they will be given a disciplinary measure of removal from their party posts, probation or expulsion from the party.

Article 140: If a superior fails to report matters that should be reported or does not report truthfully when inspecting or inspecting work or reporting work to a superior, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects, those directly responsible and those with leadership responsibility shall be punished. A warning or a serious warning shall be given; if the circumstances are serious, the punishment of removal from party positions or probation shall be given.

Those who condone, instigate, hint or force their subordinates to tell lies or report false information when their superiors inspect or supervise their work or when they report or report their work to their superiors shall be subject to heavier or more severe punishment.

Article 141. Violate relevant regulations to intervene in and interfere with market economic activities, and commit any of the following acts. If the circumstances are relatively minor, a warning or a serious warning shall be given; if the circumstances are serious, a sanction of removal from party positions or probation shall be given. ; If the circumstances are serious, the punishment will be expulsion from the party:

(1) Intervening in and intervening in construction project contracting, land use rights transfer, government procurement, real estate development and operation, mineral resource development and utilization, intermediary agency services and other activities;

(2) Intervene in matters such as state-owned enterprise restructuring, mergers, bankruptcies, property rights transactions, liquidation and capital verification, asset appraisals, asset transfers, major project investments, and other major business activities;

(3) Intervene and intervene in the approval of various administrative licensing and fund lending matters;

(4) Intervening and meddling in economic disputes;

(5) Interfere with or meddle in the use, allocation, contracting, leasing, etc. of collective funds, assets, and resources.

Article 142: Anyone who, in violation of relevant regulations, interferes with or meddles in judicial activities, disciplinary and law enforcement activities, inquires about case details, makes introductions, intercedes, or influences judicial activities, disciplinary and law enforcement activities in other ways shall be given a serious warning if the circumstances are minor; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be given a removal from his party position or a probationary period; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be expelled from the party.

Anyone who violates relevant regulations by intervening in public financial fund allocation, project review, commendation and awards for meritorious service and other activities, causing heavy losses or adverse effects, shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 143: If a person who is asked to do something is obliged to report and register any interference or meddling in accordance with relevant regulations, but fails to do so, he shall be given a warning or a serious warning if the circumstances are serious; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from his party position.

Article 144: Anyone who leaks, spreads, or inquires about or steals the party organization’s matters concerning the selection and appointment of cadres, disciplinary review, inspections, inspections, etc. that have not yet been made public or other content that should be kept confidential shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are more serious, The punishment of removal from party positions or probation; if the circumstances are serious, the punishment of expulsion from the party.

If the party organization secretly retains information related to the selection and appointment of cadres, disciplinary review, inspections and inspections, etc., if the circumstances are serious, a warning or a serious warning will be given; if the circumstances are serious, a sanction of removal from the party's position will be given.

Article 145. During examinations and admissions, whoever violates relevant regulations by leaking test questions, cheating in examination rooms, altering examination papers, or illegal admissions shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be dismissed from his party position. Or he may be detained in the Party for probation; if the circumstances are serious, he may be expelled from the Party.

Article 146: Anyone who improperly seeks to use public funds to leave the country (territory) for himself or others, and the circumstances are relatively minor, shall be given a warning; if the circumstances are serious, a serious warning shall be given; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be revoked from the party Job sanctions.

Article 147 If a party member of a group or personnel temporarily going abroad (outside the country) extends the period of stay abroad (outside the country) without authorization, or changes the route without authorization, those directly responsible and those with leadership responsibility shall be given a warning or Severe warnings will be given; if the circumstances are serious, the punishment will be removal from party positions.

Article 148 Party members stationed abroad or in temporary overseas (overseas) delegations (groups) violate the laws and regulations of the country or region where they are stationed, or do not respect the religious customs of the country or region where they are stationed, and the circumstances are relatively serious. , a warning or a serious warning will be given; if the circumstances are serious, the punishment will be removal from party positions, probation in the party, or expulsion from the party.

Article 149. Anyone who fails to perform or incorrectly performs his or her duties during the Party's disciplinary inspection, organization, propaganda, united front work, agency work and other work, causing losses or adverse effects, shall be given a warning or even dismissed depending on the specific circumstances. Party membership sanctions.

Chapter 11: Punishment for Violations of Life Discipline

Article 150. Anyone who leads an extravagant and wasteful life, indulges in pleasure, or pursues vulgar interests, thereby causing adverse effects, shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from his Party post.

Article 151. Anyone who has an improper sexual relationship with another person and causes adverse effects shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are of a more serious nature, he shall be removed from his party position or given probation; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be expelled from the party.

Anyone who takes advantage of power, educational relationship, subordinate relationship or other similar relationship to have sexual relations with others shall be subject to heavier punishment.

Article 152: Party member leading cadres who fail to attach importance to the construction of family traditions, fail to supervise and educate their spouses, children and their spouses, and cause adverse effects or serious consequences shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be given a disciplinary sanction of removal from their party posts.

Article 153: Those who violate social public order and good morals, make inappropriate remarks or engage in inappropriate behavior in public places or in cyberspace, and cause adverse effects, shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are more serious, they shall be given a punishment of removal from party posts or probation; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the party.

Article 154: Anyone who commits other serious violations of social morality and family virtues shall be given a warning or even be expelled from the Party, depending on the specific circumstances.

Part III Supplementary Provisions

Article 155 The party committees of each province, autonomous region, and municipality directly under the Central Government may formulate individual implementation regulations based on these regulations and in combination with the actual conditions of their respective work.

Article 156 The Central Military Commission may, in accordance with these Regulations and in light of the actual situation of the People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force, formulate supplementary provisions or individual provisions.

Article 157 The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection shall be responsible for interpreting these Regulations.

Article 158 These Regulations shall come into effect on January 1, 2024.

If a case that has been closed before the implementation of this Regulation needs to be reviewed or reconsidered, the regulations or policies at the time shall apply. For cases that have not yet been closed, if the regulations or policies at the time of the occurrence of the behavior did not consider it a violation of discipline, but this Regulation considers it a violation of discipline, it shall be handled in accordance with the regulations or policies at the time; if the regulations or policies at the time of the occurrence of the behavior considered it a violation of discipline, it shall be handled in accordance with the regulations or policies at the time, but if this Regulation does not consider it a violation of discipline or the punishment is lighter, it shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of this Regulation.

中共中央印发《中国共产党纪律处分条例》

2023-12-27 22:48 来源： 新华社

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新华社北京12月27日电 近日，中共中央印发了修订后的《中国共产党纪律处分条例》（以下简称《条例》），并发出通知，要求各地区各部门认真遵照执行。

通知指出，党的二十大对全面加强党的纪律建设作出战略部署。党中央着眼解决大党独有难题、健全全面从严治党体系，对《条例》作了修订。《条例》全面贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的二十大精神，从党章这个总源头出发，坚持严的基调，坚持问题导向和目标导向相结合，与时俱进完善纪律规范，进一步严明政治纪律和政治规矩，带动各项纪律全面从严，释放越往后执纪越严的强烈信号，发挥纪律建设标本兼治作用，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业提供坚强纪律保障。

通知要求，各级党委（党组）要担负起全面从严治党政治责任，认真抓好《条例》的贯彻执行，对违反党纪的问题，发现一起坚决查处一起，切实维护纪律的刚性、严肃性。要坚持党性党风党纪一起抓，把《条例》纳入党员、干部培训必修课，增强遵规守纪的自觉。要坚持把纪律挺在前面，促进执纪执法贯通，准确运用“四种形态”，落实“三个区分开来”，把从严管理监督和鼓励担当作为高度统一起来。各级纪委（纪检组）要认真履行党章赋予的职责，强化监督执纪问责，敢于善于斗争，严格执纪、精准执纪，不断推动全面从严治党向纵深发展。各地区各部门在执行《条例》中的重要情况和建议，要及时报告党中央。

《条例》全文如下。

中国共产党纪律处分条例
（2003年12月23日中共中央政治局会议审议批准　2003年12月31日中共中央发布　2023年12月8日中共中央政治局会议第三次修订　2023年12月19日中共中央发布）

第一编　总则

第一章　总体要求和适用范围

第一条　为了维护党章和其他党内法规，严肃党的纪律，纯洁党的组织，保障党员民主权利，教育党员遵纪守法，维护党的团结统一，保证党的理论、路线、方针、政策、决议和国家法律法规的贯彻执行，根据《中国共产党章程》，制定本条例。

第二条　党的纪律建设必须坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，坚持和加强党的全面领导，坚决维护习近平总书记党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，坚决维护以习近平同志为核心的党中央权威和集中统一领导，弘扬伟大建党精神，坚持自我革命，贯彻全面从严治党战略方针，落实新时代党的建设总要求，推动解决大党独有难题、健全全面从严治党体系，全面加强党的纪律建设，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业提供坚强纪律保障。

第三条　党章是最根本的党内法规，是管党治党的总规矩。党的纪律是党的各级组织和全体党员必须遵守的行为规则。党组织和党员必须坚守初心使命，牢固树立政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识，始终坚定道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信，切实践行正确的权力观、政绩观、事业观，自觉遵守和维护党章，严格执行和维护党的纪律，自觉接受党的纪律约束，模范遵守国家法律法规。

第四条　党的纪律处分工作遵循下列原则：

（一）坚持党要管党、全面从严治党。把严的基调、严的措施、严的氛围长期坚持下去，加强对党的各级组织和全体党员的教育、管理和监督，把纪律挺在前面，抓早抓小、防微杜渐。

（二）党纪面前一律平等。对违犯党纪的党组织和党员必须严肃、公正执行纪律，党内不允许有任何不受纪律约束的党组织和党员。

（三）实事求是。对党组织和党员违犯党纪的行为，应当以事实为依据，以党章、其他党内法规和国家法律法规为准绳，执纪执法贯通，准确认定行为性质，区别不同情况，恰当予以处理。

（四）民主集中制。实施党纪处分，应当按照规定程序经党组织集体讨论决定，不允许任何个人或者少数人擅自决定和批准。上级党组织对违犯党纪的党组织和党员作出的处理决定，下级党组织必须执行。

（五）惩前毖后、治病救人。处理违犯党纪的党组织和党员，应当实行惩戒与教育相结合，做到宽严相济。

第五条　深化运用监督执纪“四种形态”，经常开展批评和自我批评，及时进行谈话提醒、批评教育、责令检查、诫勉，让“红红脸、出出汗”成为常态；党纪轻处分、组织调整成为违纪处理的大多数；党纪重处分、重大职务调整的成为少数；严重违纪涉嫌犯罪追究刑事责任的成为极少数。

第六条　本条例适用于违犯党纪应当受到党纪责任追究的党组织和党员。

第二章　违纪与纪律处分

第七条　党组织和党员违反党章和其他党内法规，违反国家法律法规，违反党和国家政策，违反社会主义道德，危害党、国家和人民利益的行为，依照规定应当给予纪律处理或者处分的，都必须受到追究。

重点查处党的十八大以来不收敛、不收手，问题线索反映集中、群众反映强烈，政治问题和经济问题交织的腐败案件，违反中央八项规定精神的问题。

第八条　对党员的纪律处分种类：

（一）警告；

（二）严重警告；

（三）撤销党内职务；

（四）留党察看；

（五）开除党籍。

第九条　对于违犯党纪的党组织，上级党组织应当责令其作出书面检查或者给予通报批评。对于严重违犯党纪、本身又不能纠正的党组织，上一级党的委员会在查明核实后，根据情节严重的程度，可以予以：

（一）改组；

（二）解散。

第十条　党员受到警告处分一年内、受到严重警告处分一年半内，不得在党内提拔职务或者进一步使用，也不得向党外组织推荐担任高于其原任职务的党外职务或者进一步使用。

第十一条　撤销党内职务处分，是指撤销受处分党员由党内选举或者组织任命的党内职务。对于在党内担任两个以上职务的，党组织在作处分决定时，应当明确是撤销其一切职务还是一个或者几个职务。如果决定撤销其一个职务，必须撤销其担任的最高职务。如果决定撤销其两个以上职务，则必须从其担任的最高职务开始依次撤销。对于在党外组织担任职务的，应当建议党外组织撤销其党外职务。

对于在立案审查中因涉嫌违犯党纪被免职的党员，审查后依照本条例规定应当给予撤销党内职务处分的，应当按照其原任职务给予撤销党内职务处分。对于应当受到撤销党内职务处分，但是本人没有担任党内职务的，应当给予其严重警告处分。同时，在党外组织担任职务的，应当建议党外组织撤销其党外职务。

党员受到撤销党内职务处分，或者依照前款规定受到严重警告处分的，二年内不得在党内担任和向党外组织推荐担任与其原任职务相当或者高于其原任职务的职务。

第十二条　留党察看处分，分为留党察看一年、留党察看二年。对于受到留党察看处分一年的党员，期满后仍不符合恢复党员权利条件的，应当延长一年留党察看期限。留党察看期限最长不得超过二年。

党员受留党察看处分期间，没有表决权、选举权和被选举权。留党察看期间，确有悔改表现的，期满后恢复其党员权利；坚持不改或者又发现其他应当受到党纪处分的违纪行为的，应当开除党籍。

党员受到留党察看处分，其党内职务自然撤销。对于担任党外职务的，应当建议党外组织撤销其党外职务。受到留党察看处分的党员，恢复党员权利后二年内，不得在党内担任和向党外组织推荐担任与其原任职务相当或者高于其原任职务的职务。

第十三条　党员受到开除党籍处分，五年内不得重新入党，也不得推荐担任与其原任职务相当或者高于其原任职务的党外职务。另有规定不准重新入党的，依照规定。

第十四条　党员干部受到党纪处分，需要同时进行组织处理的，党组织应当按照规定给予组织处理。

党的各级代表大会的代表受到留党察看以上处分的，党组织应当终止其代表资格。

第十五条　对于受到改组处理的党组织领导机构成员，除应当受到撤销党内职务以上处分的外，均自然免职。

第十六条　对于受到解散处理的党组织中的党员，应当逐个审查。其中，符合党员条件的，应当重新登记，并参加新的组织过党的生活；不符合党员条件的，应当对其进行教育、限期改正，经教育仍无转变的，予以劝退或者除名；有违纪行为的，依照规定予以追究。

第三章　纪律处分运用规则

第十七条　有下列情形之一的，可以从轻或者减轻处分：

（一）主动交代本人应当受到党纪处分的问题；

（二）在组织谈话函询、初步核实、立案审查过程中，能够配合核实审查工作，如实说明本人违纪违法事实；

（三）检举同案人或者其他人应当受到党纪处分或者法律追究的问题，经查证属实，或者有其他立功表现；

（四）主动挽回损失、消除不良影响或者有效阻止危害结果发生；

（五）主动上交或者退赔违纪所得；

（六）党内法规规定的其他从轻或者减轻处分情形。

第十八条　根据案件的特殊情况，由中央纪委决定或者经省（部）级纪委（不含副省级市纪委）决定并呈报中央纪委批准，对违纪党员也可以在本条例规定的处分幅度以外减轻处分。

第十九条　对于党员违犯党纪应当给予警告或者严重警告处分，但是具有本条例第十七条规定的情形之一或者本条例分则中另有规定的，可以给予批评教育、责令检查、诫勉或者组织处理，免予党纪处分。对违纪党员免予处分，应当作出书面结论。

党员有作风纪律方面的苗头性、倾向性问题或者违犯党纪情节轻微的，可以给予谈话提醒、批评教育、责令检查等，或者予以诫勉，不予党纪处分。

党员行为虽然造成损失或者后果，但不是出于故意或者过失，而是由于不可抗力等原因所引起的，不追究党纪责任。

第二十条　有下列情形之一的，应当从重或者加重处分：

（一）强迫、唆使他人违纪；

（二）拒不上交或者退赔违纪所得；

（三）违纪受处分后又因故意违纪应当受到党纪处分；

（四）违纪受处分后，又被发现其受处分前没有交代的其他应当受到党纪处分的问题；

（五）党内法规规定的其他从重或者加重处分情形。

第二十一条　党员在党纪处分影响期内又受到党纪处分的，其影响期为原处分尚未执行的影响期与新处分影响期之和。

第二十二条　从轻处分，是指在本条例规定的违纪行为应当受到的处分幅度以内，给予较轻的处分。

从重处分，是指在本条例规定的违纪行为应当受到的处分幅度以内，给予较重的处分。

第二十三条　减轻处分，是指在本条例规定的违纪行为应当受到的处分幅度以外，减轻一档给予处分。

加重处分，是指在本条例规定的违纪行为应当受到的处分幅度以外，加重一档给予处分。

本条例规定的只有开除党籍处分一个档次的违纪行为，不适用第一款减轻处分的规定。

第二十四条　一人有本条例规定的两种以上应当受到党纪处分的违纪行为，应当合并处理，按其数种违纪行为中应当受到的最高处分加重一档给予处分；其中一种违纪行为应当受到开除党籍处分的，应当给予开除党籍处分。

第二十五条　一个违纪行为同时触犯本条例两个以上条款的，依照处分较重的条款定性处理。

一个条款规定的违纪构成要件全部包含在另一个条款规定的违纪构成要件中，特别规定与一般规定不一致的，适用特别规定。

第二十六条　二人以上共同故意违纪的，对为首者，从重处分，本条例另有规定的除外；对其他成员，按照其在共同违纪中所起的作用和应负的责任，分别给予处分。

对于经济方面共同违纪的，按照个人参与数额及其所起作用，分别给予处分。对共同违纪的为首者，情节严重的，按照共同违纪的总数额处分。

教唆他人违纪的，应当按照其在共同违纪中所起的作用追究党纪责任。

第二十七条　党组织领导机构集体作出违犯党纪的决定或者实施其他违犯党纪的行为，对具有共同故意的成员，按共同违纪处理；对过失违纪的成员，按照各自在集体违纪中所起的作用和应负的责任分别给予处分。

第四章　对违法犯罪党员的纪律处分

第二十八条　对违法犯罪的党员，应当按照规定给予党纪处分，做到适用纪律和适用法律有机融合，党纪政务等处分相匹配。

第二十九条　党组织在纪律审查中发现党员有贪污贿赂、滥用职权、玩忽职守、权力寻租、利益输送、徇私舞弊、浪费国家资财等违反法律涉嫌犯罪行为的，应当给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第三十条　党组织在纪律审查中发现党员有刑法规定的行为，虽不构成犯罪但须追究党纪责任的，或者有其他破坏社会主义市场经济秩序、违反治安管理等违法行为，损害党、国家和人民利益的，应当视具体情节给予警告直至开除党籍处分。

违反国家财经纪律，在公共资金收支、税务管理、国有资产管理、政府采购管理、金融管理、财务会计管理等财经活动中有违法行为的，依照前款规定处理。

党员有嫖娼或者吸食、注射毒品等丧失党员条件，严重败坏党的形象行为的，应当给予开除党籍处分。

第三十一条　党组织在纪律审查中发现党员严重违纪涉嫌违法犯罪的，原则上先作出党纪处分决定，并按照规定由监察机关给予政务处分或者由任免机关（单位）给予处分后，再移送有关国家机关依法处理。

第三十二条　党员被依法留置、逮捕的，党组织应当按照管理权限中止其表决权、选举权和被选举权等党员权利。根据监察机关、司法机关处理结果，可以恢复其党员权利的，应当及时予以恢复。

第三十三条　党员犯罪情节轻微，人民检察院依法作出不起诉决定的，或者人民法院依法作出有罪判决并免予刑事处罚的，应当给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

党员犯罪，被单处罚金的，依照前款规定处理。

第三十四条　党员犯罪，有下列情形之一的，应当给予开除党籍处分：

（一）因故意犯罪被依法判处刑法规定的主刑（含宣告缓刑）；

（二）被单处或者附加剥夺政治权利；

（三）因过失犯罪，被依法判处三年以上（不含三年）有期徒刑。

因过失犯罪被判处三年以下有期徒刑或者被判处管制、拘役的，一般应当开除党籍。对于个别可以不开除党籍的，应当对照处分违纪党员批准权限的规定，报请再上一级党组织批准。

第三十五条　党员依法受到刑事责任追究的，党组织应当根据司法机关的生效判决、裁定、决定及其认定的事实、性质和情节，依照本条例规定给予党纪处分，是公职人员的由监察机关给予相应政务处分或者由任免机关（单位）给予相应处分。

党员依法受到政务处分、任免机关（单位）给予的处分、行政处罚，应当追究党纪责任的，党组织可以根据生效的处分、行政处罚决定认定的事实、性质和情节，经核实后依照规定给予相应党纪处分或者组织处理。其中，党员依法受到撤职以上处分的，应当依照本条例规定给予撤销党内职务以上处分。

党员违反国家法律法规、企事业单位或者其他社会组织的规章制度受到其他处分，应当追究党纪责任的，党组织在对有关方面认定的事实、性质和情节进行核实后，依照规定给予相应党纪处分或者组织处理。

党组织作出党纪处分或者组织处理决定后，监察机关、司法机关、行政机关等依法改变原生效判决、裁定、决定等，对原党纪处分或者组织处理决定产生影响的，党组织应当根据改变后的生效判决、裁定、决定等重新作出相应处理。

第五章　其他规定

第三十六条　预备党员违犯党纪，情节较轻，可以保留预备党员资格的，党组织应当对其批评教育或者延长预备期；情节较重的，应当取消其预备党员资格。

第三十七条　对违纪后下落不明的党员，应当区别情况作出处理：

（一）对有严重违纪行为，应当给予开除党籍处分的，党组织应当作出决定，开除其党籍；

（二）除前项规定的情况外，下落不明时间超过六个月的，党组织应当按照党章规定对其予以除名。

第三十八条　违纪党员在党组织作出处分决定前死亡，或者在死亡之后发现其曾有严重违纪行为，对于应当给予开除党籍处分的，开除其党籍；对于应当给予留党察看以下处分的，作出违犯党纪的书面结论和相应处理。

第三十九条　违纪行为有关责任人员的区分：

（一）直接责任者，是指在其职责范围内，不履行或者不正确履行自己的职责，对造成的损失或者后果起决定性作用的党员或者党员领导干部；

（二）主要领导责任者，是指在其职责范围内，对主管的工作不履行或者不正确履行职责，对造成的损失或者后果负直接领导责任的党员领导干部；

（三）重要领导责任者，是指在其职责范围内，对应管的工作或者参与决定的工作不履行或者不正确履行职责，对造成的损失或者后果负次要领导责任的党员领导干部。

本条例所称领导责任者，包括主要领导责任者和重要领导责任者。

第四十条　本条例所称主动交代，是指涉嫌违纪的党员在组织谈话函询、初步核实前向有关组织交代自己的问题，或者在谈话函询、初步核实和立案审查期间交代组织未掌握的问题。

第四十一条　担任职级、单独职务序列等级的党员干部违犯党纪受到处分，需要对其职级、单独职务序列等级进行调整的，参照本条例关于党外职务的规定执行。

第四十二条　计算经济损失应当计算立案时已经实际造成的全部财产损失，包括为挽回违纪行为所造成损失而支付的各种开支、费用。立案后至处理前持续发生的经济损失，应当一并计算在内。

第四十三条　对于违纪行为所获得的经济利益，应当收缴或者责令退赔。对于主动上交的违纪所得和经济损失赔偿，应当予以接收，并按照规定收缴或者返还有关单位、个人。

对于违纪行为所获得的职务、职级、职称、学历、学位、奖励、资格等其他利益，应当由承办案件的纪检机关或者由其上级纪检机关建议有关组织、部门、单位按照规定予以纠正。

对于依照本条例第三十七条、第三十八条规定处理的党员，经调查确属其实施违纪行为获得的利益，依照本条规定处理。

第四十四条　党纪处分决定作出后，应当在一个月内向受处分党员所在党的基层组织中的全体党员及其本人宣布，是领导班子成员的还应当向所在党组织领导班子宣布，并按照干部管理权限和组织关系将处分决定材料归入受处分者档案；对于受到撤销党内职务以上处分的，还应当在一个月内办理职务、工资、工作及其他有关待遇等相应变更手续；涉及撤销或者调整其党外职务的，应当建议党外组织及时撤销或者调整其党外职务。特殊情况下，经作出或者批准作出处分决定的组织批准，可以适当延长办理期限。办理期限最长不得超过六个月。

第四十五条　执行党纪处分决定的机关或者受处分党员所在单位，应当在六个月内将处分决定的执行情况向作出或者批准处分决定的机关报告。

党员对所受党纪处分不服的，可以依照党章及有关规定提出申诉。

第四十六条　党员因违犯党纪受到处分，影响期满后，党组织无需取消对其的处分。

第四十七条　本条例所称以上、以下，除有特别标明外均含本级、本数。

第四十八条　本条例总则适用于有党纪处分规定的其他党内法规，但是中共中央发布或者批准发布的其他党内法规有特别规定的除外。

第二编　分则

第六章　对违反政治纪律行为的处分

第四十九条　在重大原则问题上不同党中央保持一致且有实际言论、行为或者造成不良后果的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第五十条　通过网络、广播、电视、报刊、传单、书籍等，或者利用讲座、论坛、报告会、座谈会等方式，公开发表坚持资产阶级自由化立场、反对四项基本原则，反对党的改革开放决策的文章、演说、宣言、声明等的，给予开除党籍处分。

发布、播出、刊登、出版前款所列文章、演说、宣言、声明等或者为上述行为提供方便条件的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予严重警告或者撤销党内职务处分；情节严重的，给予留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第五十一条　通过网络、广播、电视、报刊、传单、书籍等，或者利用讲座、论坛、报告会、座谈会等方式，有下列行为之一，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分：

（一）公开发表违背四项基本原则，违背、歪曲党的改革开放决策，或者其他有严重政治问题的文章、演说、宣言、声明等；

（二）妄议党中央大政方针，破坏党的集中统一；

（三）丑化党和国家形象，或者诋毁、诬蔑党和国家领导人、英雄模范，或者歪曲党的历史、中华人民共和国历史、人民军队历史。

发布、播出、刊登、出版前款所列内容或者为上述行为提供方便条件的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予严重警告或者撤销党内职务处分；情节严重的，给予留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第五十二条　制作、贩卖、传播第五十条、第五十一条所列内容之一的报刊、书籍、音像制品、电子读物，以及网络文本、图片、音频、视频资料等，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

私自携带、寄递第五十条、第五十一条所列内容之一的报刊、书籍、音像制品、电子读物等入出境，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

私自阅看、浏览、收听第五十条、第五十一条所列内容之一的报刊、书籍、音像制品、电子读物，以及网络文本、图片、音频、视频资料等，情节严重的，给予警告、严重警告或者撤销党内职务处分。

第五十三条　在党内组织秘密集团或者组织其他分裂党的活动的，给予开除党籍处分。

参加秘密集团或者参加其他分裂党的活动的，给予留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第五十四条　在党内搞团团伙伙、结党营私、拉帮结派、政治攀附、培植个人势力等非组织活动，或者通过搞利益交换、为自己营造声势等活动捞取政治资本的，给予严重警告或者撤销党内职务处分；导致本地区、本部门、本单位政治生态恶化的，给予留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第五十五条　搞投机钻营，结交政治骗子或者被政治骗子利用的，给予严重警告或者撤销党内职务处分；情节严重的，给予留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

充当政治骗子的，给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第五十六条　党员领导干部在本人主政的地方或者分管的部门自行其是，搞山头主义，拒不执行党中央确定的大政方针，甚至背着党中央另搞一套的，给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

贯彻党中央决策部署只表态不落实，或者落实党中央决策部署不坚决，打折扣、搞变通，在政治上造成不良影响或者严重后果的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

不顾党和国家大局，搞部门或者地方保护主义的，依照前款规定处理。

第五十七条　党员领导干部政绩观错位，违背新发展理念、背离高质量发展要求，给党、国家和人民利益造成较大损失的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

搞劳民伤财的“形象工程”、“政绩工程”的，从重或者加重处分。

第五十八条　对党不忠诚不老实，表里不一，阳奉阴违，欺上瞒下，搞两面派，做两面人，在政治上造成不良影响的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第五十九条　制造、散布、传播政治谣言，破坏党的团结统一的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

政治品行恶劣，匿名诬告，有意陷害或者制造其他谣言，造成损害或者不良影响的，依照前款规定处理。

第六十条　擅自对应当由党中央决定的重大政策问题作出决定、对外发表主张的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予严重警告或者撤销党内职务处分；情节严重的，给予留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第六十一条　不按照有关规定向组织请示、报告重大事项，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分。

第六十二条　干扰巡视巡察工作或者不落实巡视巡察整改要求，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第六十三条　对抗组织审查，有下列行为之一的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分：

（一）串供或者伪造、销毁、转移、隐匿证据；

（二）阻止他人揭发检举、提供证据材料；

（三）包庇同案人员；

（四）向组织提供虚假情况，掩盖事实；

（五）其他对抗组织审查行为。

第六十四条　组织、参加反对党的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略或者重大方针政策的集会、游行、示威等活动的，或者以组织讲座、论坛、报告会、座谈会等方式，反对党的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略或者重大方针政策，造成严重不良影响的，对策划者、组织者和骨干分子，给予开除党籍处分。

对其他参加人员或者以提供信息、资料、财物、场地等方式支持上述活动者，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

对不明真相被裹挟参加，经批评教育后确有悔改表现的，可以免予处分或者不予处分。

未经组织批准参加其他集会、游行、示威等活动，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第六十五条　组织、参加旨在反对党的领导、反对社会主义制度或者敌视政府等组织的，对策划者、组织者和骨干分子，给予开除党籍处分。

对其他参加人员，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第六十六条　组织、参加会道门或者邪教组织的，对策划者、组织者和骨干分子，给予开除党籍处分。

对其他参加人员，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

对不明真相的参加人员，经批评教育后确有悔改表现的，可以免予处分或者不予处分。

第六十七条　从事、参与挑拨破坏民族关系制造事端或者参加民族分裂活动的，对策划者、组织者和骨干分子，给予开除党籍处分。

对其他参加人员，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

对不明真相被裹挟参加，经批评教育后确有悔改表现的，可以免予处分或者不予处分。

有其他违反党和国家民族政策的行为，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第六十八条　组织、利用宗教活动反对党的理论、路线、方针、政策和决议，破坏民族团结的，对策划者、组织者和骨干分子，给予开除党籍处分。

对其他参加人员，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

对不明真相被裹挟参加，经批评教育后确有悔改表现的，可以免予处分或者不予处分。

有其他违反党和国家宗教政策的行为，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第六十九条　对信仰宗教的党员，应当加强思想教育，要求其限期改正；经党组织帮助教育仍没有转变的，应当劝其退党；劝而不退的，予以除名；参与利用宗教搞煽动活动的，给予开除党籍处分。

第七十条　组织迷信活动的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

参加迷信活动或者个人搞迷信活动，造成不良影响的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

对不明真相的参加人员，经批评教育后确有悔改表现的，可以免予处分或者不予处分。

第七十一条　组织、利用宗族势力对抗党和政府，妨碍党和国家的方针政策以及决策部署的实施，或者破坏党的基层组织建设的，对策划者、组织者和骨干分子，给予开除党籍处分。

对其他参加人员，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

对不明真相被裹挟参加，经批评教育后确有悔改表现的，可以免予处分或者不予处分。

第七十二条　在国（境）外、外国驻华使（领）馆申请政治避难，或者违纪后逃往国（境）外、外国驻华使（领）馆的，给予开除党籍处分。

在国（境）外公开发表反对党和政府的文章、演说、宣言、声明等的，依照前款规定处理。

故意为上述行为提供方便条件的，给予留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第七十三条　在涉外活动中，其言行在政治上造成恶劣影响，损害党和国家尊严、利益的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第七十四条　不履行全面从严治党主体责任、监督责任或者履行全面从严治党主体责任、监督责任不力，给党组织造成严重损害或者严重不良影响的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分。

第七十五条　党员领导干部对违反政治纪律和政治规矩等错误思想和行为不报告、不抵制、不斗争，放任不管，搞无原则一团和气，造成不良影响的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分。

第七十六条　违反党的优良传统和工作惯例等党的规矩，在政治上造成不良影响或者严重后果的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第七章　对违反组织纪律行为的处分

第七十七条　违反民主集中制原则，有下列行为之一的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分：

（一）拒不执行或者擅自改变党组织作出的重大决定；

（二）违反议事规则，个人或者少数人决定重大问题；

（三）故意规避集体决策，决定重大事项、重要干部任免、重要项目安排和大额资金使用；

（四）借集体决策名义集体违规。

第七十八条　下级党组织拒不执行或者擅自改变上级党组织决定的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分。

第七十九条　拒不执行党组织的分配、调动、交流等决定的，给予警告、严重警告或者撤销党内职务处分。

在特殊时期或者紧急状况下，拒不执行党组织上述决定的，给予留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第八十条　在党组织纪律审查中，依法依规负有作证义务的党员拒绝作证或者故意提供虚假情况，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第八十一条　有下列行为之一，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分：

（一）违反个人有关事项报告规定，隐瞒不报；

（二）在组织进行谈话函询时，不如实向组织说明问题；

（三）不按要求报告或者不如实报告个人去向；

（四）不如实填报个人档案资料。

有前款第二项规定的行为，同时向组织提供虚假情况、掩盖事实的，依照本条例第六十三条规定处理。

篡改、伪造个人档案资料的，给予严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分。

隐瞒入党前严重错误的，一般应当予以除名；对入党多年且一贯表现好，或者在工作中作出突出贡献的，给予严重警告、撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分。

第八十二条　党员领导干部违反有关规定组织、参加自发成立的老乡会、校友会、战友会等，情节严重的，给予警告、严重警告或者撤销党内职务处分。

第八十三条　有下列行为之一的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分：

（一）在民主推荐、民主测评、组织考察和党内选举中搞拉票、助选等非组织活动；

（二）在法律规定的投票、选举活动中违背组织原则搞非组织活动，组织、怂恿、诱使他人投票、表决；

（三）在选举中进行其他违反党章、其他党内法规和有关章程活动。

搞有组织的拉票贿选，或者用公款拉票贿选的，从重或者加重处分。

第八十四条　在干部选拔任用工作中，有任人唯亲、排斥异己、封官许愿、说情干预、跑官要官、突击提拔或者调整干部等违反干部选拔任用规定行为，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

用人失察失误造成严重后果的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，依照前款规定处理。

第八十五条　在推进领导干部能上能下工作中，搞好人主义，有下列行为之一，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分：

（一）以党纪政务等处分规避组织调整；

（二）以组织调整代替党纪政务等处分；

（三）其他避重就轻作出处理行为。

第八十六条　在干部、职工的录用、考核、职务职级晋升、职称评聘、荣誉表彰，授予学术称号和征兵、安置退役军人等工作中，隐瞒、歪曲事实真相，或者利用职权或者职务上的影响违反有关规定为本人或者其他人谋取利益的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

弄虚作假，骗取职务、职级、职称、待遇、资格、学历、学位、荣誉、称号或者其他利益的，依照前款规定处理。

第八十七条　侵犯党员的表决权、选举权和被选举权，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

以强迫、威胁、欺骗、拉拢等手段，妨害党员自主行使表决权、选举权和被选举权的，给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第八十八条　有下列行为之一的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分：

（一）对批评、检举、控告进行阻挠、压制，或者将批评、检举、控告材料私自扣压、销毁，或者故意将其泄露给他人；

（二）对党员的申辩、辩护、作证等进行压制，造成不良后果；

（三）压制党员申诉，造成不良后果，或者不按照有关规定处理党员申诉；

（四）其他侵犯党员权利行为，造成不良后果。

对批评人、检举人、控告人、证人及其他人员打击报复的，从重或者加重处分。

第八十九条　违反党章和其他党内法规的规定，采取弄虚作假或者其他手段把不符合党员条件的人发展为党员，或者为非党员出具党员身份证明的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

违反有关规定程序发展党员的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，依照前款规定处理。

第九十条　违反有关规定取得外国国籍或者获取国（境）外永久居留资格、长期居留许可的，给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第九十一条　违反有关规定办理因私出国（境）证件、前往港澳通行证，或者未经批准出入国（边）境，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

虽经批准因私出国（境）但存在擅自变更路线、无正当理由超期未归等超出批准范围出国（境）行为，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

第九十二条　驻外机构或者临时出国（境）团（组）中的党员擅自脱离组织，或者从事外事、机要、军事等工作的党员违反有关规定同国（境）外机构、人员联系和交往的，给予警告、严重警告或者撤销党内职务处分。

第九十三条　驻外机构或者临时出国（境）团（组）中的党员，脱离组织出走时间不满六个月又自动回归的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；脱离组织出走时间超过六个月的，按照自行脱党处理，党内予以除名。

故意为他人脱离组织出走提供方便条件的，给予警告、严重警告或者撤销党内职务处分。

第八章　对违反廉洁纪律行为的处分

第九十四条　党员干部必须正确行使人民赋予的权力，清正廉洁，反对特权思想和特权现象，反对任何滥用职权、谋求私利的行为。

利用职权或者职务上的影响为他人谋取利益，本人的配偶、子女及其配偶等亲属和其他特定关系人收受对方财物，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第九十五条　相互利用职权或者职务上的影响为对方及其配偶、子女及其配偶等亲属、身边工作人员和其他特定关系人谋取利益搞权权交易的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第九十六条　纵容、默许配偶、子女及其配偶等亲属、身边工作人员和其他特定关系人利用党员干部本人职权或者职务上的影响谋取私利，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

党员干部的配偶、子女及其配偶等亲属和其他特定关系人不实际工作而获取薪酬或者虽实际工作但领取明显超出同职级标准薪酬，党员干部知情未予纠正的，依照前款规定处理。

第九十七条　收受可能影响公正执行公务的礼品、礼金、消费卡（券）和有价证券、股权、其他金融产品等财物，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

收受其他明显超出正常礼尚往来的财物的，依照前款规定处理。

第九十八条　向从事公务的人员及其配偶、子女及其配偶等亲属和其他特定关系人赠送明显超出正常礼尚往来的礼品、礼金、消费卡（券）和有价证券、股权、其他金融产品等财物，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分。

以讲课费、课题费、咨询费等名义变相送礼的，依照前款规定处理。

第九十九条　借用管理和服务对象的钱款、住房、车辆等，可能影响公正执行公务，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

通过民间借贷等金融活动获取大额回报，可能影响公正执行公务的，依照前款规定处理。

第一百条　利用职权或者职务上的影响操办婚丧喜庆事宜，造成不良影响的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分；借机敛财或者有其他侵犯国家、集体和人民利益行为的，从重或者加重处分，直至开除党籍。

第一百零一条　接受、提供可能影响公正执行公务的宴请或者旅游、健身、娱乐等活动安排，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分。

第一百零二条　违反有关规定取得、持有、实际使用运动健身卡、会所和俱乐部会员卡、高尔夫球卡等各种消费卡（券），或者违反有关规定出入私人会所，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分。

第一百零三条　违反有关规定从事营利活动，有下列行为之一，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分：

（一）经商办企业；

（二）拥有非上市公司（企业）的股份或者证券；

（三）买卖股票或者进行其他证券投资；

（四）从事有偿中介活动；

（五）在国（境）外注册公司或者投资入股；

（六）其他违反有关规定从事营利活动的行为。

利用参与企业重组改制、定向增发、兼并投资、土地使用权出让等工作中掌握的信息买卖股票，利用职权或者职务上的影响通过购买信托产品、基金等方式非正常获利的，依照前款规定处理。

违反有关规定在经济组织、社会组织等单位中兼职，或者经批准兼职但获取薪酬、奖金、津贴等额外利益的，依照第一款规定处理。

第一百零四条　利用职权或者职务上的影响，为配偶、子女及其配偶等亲属和其他特定关系人在审批监管、资源开发、金融信贷、大宗采购、土地使用权出让、房地产开发、工程招投标以及公共财政收支等方面谋取利益，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

利用职权或者职务上的影响，为配偶、子女及其配偶等亲属和其他特定关系人吸收存款、推销金融产品、经营名贵特产类特殊资源等提供帮助谋取利益的，依照前款规定处理。

第一百零五条　离职或者退（离）休后违反有关规定接受原任职务管辖的地区和业务范围内或者与原工作业务直接相关的企业和中介机构等单位的聘用，或者个人从事与原任职务管辖业务或者与原工作业务直接相关的营利活动，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务处分；情节严重的，给予留党察看处分。

党员领导干部离职或者退（离）休后违反有关规定担任上市公司、基金管理公司独立董事、独立监事等职务，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务处分；情节严重的，给予留党察看处分。

第一百零六条　离职或者退（离）休后利用原职权或者职务上的影响，为配偶、子女及其配偶等亲属和其他特定关系人从事经营活动谋取利益，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

离职或者退（离）休后利用原职权或者职务上的影响为他人谋取利益，本人的配偶、子女及其配偶等亲属和其他特定关系人收受对方财物，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第一百零七条　党员领导干部的配偶、子女及其配偶，违反有关规定在该党员领导干部管辖的地区和业务范围内从事可能影响其公正执行公务的经营活动，或者有其他违反经商办企业禁业规定行为的，该党员领导干部应当按照规定予以纠正；拒不纠正的，其本人应当辞去现任职务或者由组织予以调整职务；不辞去现任职务或者不服从组织调整职务的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

第一百零八条　党和国家机关违反有关规定经商办企业的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

第一百零九条　党员领导干部违反工作、生活保障制度，在交通、医疗、警卫等方面为本人、配偶、子女及其配偶等亲属、身边工作人员和其他特定关系人谋求特殊待遇，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分。

第一百一十条　在分配、购买住房中侵犯国家、集体利益，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第一百一十一条　利用职权或者职务上的影响，侵占非本人经管的公私财物，或者以象征性地支付钱款等方式侵占公私财物，或者无偿、象征性地支付报酬接受服务、使用劳务，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

利用职权或者职务上的影响，将应当由本人、配偶、子女及其配偶等亲属、身边工作人员和其他特定关系人个人支付的费用，由下属单位、其他单位或者他人支付、报销的，依照前款规定处理。

第一百一十二条　利用职权或者职务上的影响，违反有关规定占用公物归个人使用，时间超过六个月，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

占用公物进行营利活动的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

将公物借给他人进行营利活动的，依照前款规定处理。

第一百一十三条　违反有关规定组织、参加用公款支付的宴请、娱乐、健身活动，或者用公款购买赠送或者发放礼品、消费卡（券）等，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第一百一十四条　违反有关规定自定薪酬或者滥发津贴、补贴、奖金、福利等，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第一百一十五条　有下列行为之一，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分：

（一）公款旅游或者以学习培训、考察调研、职工疗养等为名变相公款旅游；

（二）改变公务行程，借机旅游；

（三）参加所管理企业、下属单位组织的考察活动，借机旅游。

以考察、学习、培训、研讨、招商、参展等名义变相用公款出国（境）旅游的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，依照前款规定处理。

第一百一十六条　违反接待管理规定，超标准、超范围接待或者借机大吃大喝，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

第一百一十七条　违反有关规定配备、购买、更换、装饰、使用公务交通工具或者有其他违反公务交通工具管理规定的行为，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分。

第一百一十八条　违反会议活动管理规定，有下列行为之一，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分：

（一）到禁止召开会议的风景名胜区开会；

（二）决定或者批准举办各类节会、庆典活动；

（三）其他违反会议活动管理规定行为。

擅自举办评比达标表彰、创建示范活动或者借评比达标表彰、创建示范活动收取费用的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，依照前款规定处理。

第一百一十九条　违反办公用房管理等规定，有下列行为之一，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分：

（一）决定或者批准兴建、装修办公楼、培训中心等楼堂馆所；

（二）超标准配备、使用办公用房；

（三）未经批准租用、借用办公用房；

（四）用公款包租、占用客房或者其他场所供个人使用；

（五）其他违反办公用房管理等规定行为。

第一百二十条　搞权色交易或者给予财物搞钱色交易的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第一百二十一条　有其他违反廉洁纪律规定行为的，应当视具体情节给予警告直至开除党籍处分。

第九章　对违反群众纪律行为的处分

第一百二十二条　有下列行为之一，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分：

（一）超标准、超范围向群众筹资筹劳、摊派费用，加重群众负担；

（二）违反有关规定扣留、收缴群众款物或者处罚群众；

（三）克扣群众财物，或者违反有关规定拖欠群众钱款；

（四）在管理、服务活动中违反有关规定收取费用；

（五）在办理涉及群众事务时刁难群众、吃拿卡要；

（六）其他侵害群众利益行为。

在乡村振兴领域有上述行为的，从重或者加重处分。

第一百二十三条　干涉生产经营自主权，致使群众财产遭受较大损失的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分。

第一百二十四条　在社会保障、社会救助、政策扶持、救灾救济款物分配等事项中优亲厚友、明显有失公平的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第一百二十五条　利用宗族或者黑恶势力等欺压群众，或者纵容涉黑涉恶活动、为黑恶势力充当“保护伞”的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第一百二十六条　有下列行为之一，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分：

（一）对涉及群众生产、生活等切身利益的问题依照政策或者有关规定能解决而不及时解决，庸懒无为、效率低下，造成不良影响；

（二）对符合政策的群众诉求消极应付、推诿扯皮，损害党群、干群关系；

（三）对待群众态度恶劣、简单粗暴，造成不良影响；

（四）弄虚作假，欺上瞒下，损害群众利益；

（五）其他不作为、乱作为、慢作为、假作为等损害群众利益行为。

第一百二十七条　遇到国家财产和群众生命财产受到严重威胁时，能救而不救，情节较重的，给予警告、严重警告或者撤销党内职务处分；情节严重的，给予留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第一百二十八条　不按照规定公开党务、政务、厂务、村（居）务等，侵犯群众知情权，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分。

第一百二十九条　有其他违反群众纪律规定行为的，应当视具体情节给予警告直至开除党籍处分。

第十章　对违反工作纪律行为的处分

第一百三十条　工作中不负责任或者疏于管理，贯彻执行、检查督促落实上级决策部署不力，给党、国家和人民利益以及公共财产造成较大损失的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；造成重大损失的，给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

党员领导干部对于到任前已经存在且属于其职责范围内的问题，消极回避、推卸责任，造成严重损害或者严重不良影响的，依照前款规定处理。

第一百三十一条　工作中不敢斗争、不愿担当，面对重大矛盾冲突、危机困难临阵退缩，造成不良影响或者严重后果的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第一百三十二条　有下列行为之一，造成严重损害或者严重不良影响的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分：

（一）热衷于搞舆论造势、浮在表面；

（二）单纯以会议贯彻会议、以文件落实文件，在实际工作中不见诸行动；

（三）脱离实际，不作深入调查研究，搞随意决策、机械执行；

（四）违反精文减会有关规定搞文山会海；

（五）在督查检查考核等工作中搞层层加码、过度留痕，增加基层工作负担；

（六）工作中其他形式主义、官僚主义行为。

第一百三十三条　在公务活动用餐、单位食堂用餐管理工作中不履行或者不正确履行宣传教育、监督管理职责，导致餐饮浪费，造成严重不良影响的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

第一百三十四条　在机构编制工作中，有下列行为之一，造成不良影响或者严重后果的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分：

（一）擅自超出“三定”规定范围调整职责、设置机构、核定领导职数和配备人员；

（二）违规干预地方机构设置；

（三）其他违反机构编制管理规定行为。

第一百三十五条　在信访工作中，有下列行为之一，造成不良影响或者严重后果的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分：

（一）不按照规定受理、办理信访事项；

（二）对规模性集体访等处置不力，导致事态扩大；

（三）对党委和政府信访部门提出的改进工作、完善政策等建议重视不够、落实不力，导致问题长期得不到解决；

（四）其他不履行或者不正确履行信访工作职责行为。

不履行或者不正确履行职责，导致信访事项发生，造成不良影响或者严重后果的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，依照前款规定处理。

第一百三十六条　党组织有下列行为之一，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分：

（一）党员被立案审查期间，擅自批准其出差、出国（境）、辞职，或者对其交流、提拔职务、晋升职级、进一步使用、奖励，或者办理退休手续；

（二）党员被依法追究刑事责任后，不按照规定给予党纪处分，或者对党员违反国家法律法规的行为，应当给予党纪处分而不处分；

（三）党纪处分决定或者申诉复查决定作出后，不按照规定落实决定中关于被处分人党籍、职务、职级、待遇等事项；

（四）党员受到党纪处分后，不按照干部管理权限和组织关系对受处分党员开展日常教育、管理和监督工作。

第一百三十七条　滥用问责，或者在问责工作中严重不负责任，造成不良影响的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

第一百三十八条　因工作不负责任致使所管理的人员叛逃的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

因工作不负责任致使所管理的人员出逃、出走，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

第一百三十九条　进行统计造假，对直接责任者和领导责任者，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

对统计造假失察，造成严重后果的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第一百四十条　在上级检查、视察工作或者向上级汇报、报告工作时对应当报告的事项不报告或者不如实报告，造成严重损害或者严重不良影响的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分。

在上级检查、视察工作或者向上级汇报、报告工作时纵容、唆使、暗示、强迫下级说假话、报假情的，从重或者加重处分。

第一百四十一条　违反有关规定干预和插手市场经济活动，有下列行为之一，情节较轻的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分：

（一）干预和插手建设工程项目承发包、土地使用权出让、政府采购、房地产开发与经营、矿产资源开发利用、中介机构服务等活动；

（二）干预和插手国有企业重组改制、兼并、破产、产权交易、清产核资、资产评估、资产转让、重大项目投资以及其他重大经营活动等事项；

（三）干预和插手批办各类行政许可和资金借贷等事项；

（四）干预和插手经济纠纷；

（五）干预和插手集体资金、资产和资源的使用、分配、承包、租赁等事项。

第一百四十二条　违反有关规定干预和插手司法活动、执纪执法活动，向有关地方或者部门打听案情、打招呼、说情，或者以其他方式对司法活动、执纪执法活动施加影响，情节较轻的，给予严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

违反有关规定干预和插手公共财政资金分配、项目立项评审、功勋荣誉表彰奖励等活动，造成重大损失或者不良影响的，依照前款规定处理。

第一百四十三条　按照有关规定对干预和插手行为负有报告和登记义务的受请托人，不按照规定报告或者登记，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

第一百四十四条　泄露、扩散或者打探、窃取党组织关于干部选拔任用、纪律审查、巡视巡察等尚未公开事项或者其他应当保密的内容的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

私自留存涉及党组织关于干部选拔任用、纪律审查、巡视巡察等方面资料，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

第一百四十五条　在考试、录取工作中，有泄露试题、考场舞弊、涂改考卷、违规录取等违反有关规定行为的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第一百四十六条　以不正当方式谋求本人或者其他人用公款出国（境），情节较轻的，给予警告处分；情节较重的，给予严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

第一百四十七条　临时出国（境）团（组）或者人员中的党员，擅自延长在国（境）外期限，或者擅自变更路线的，对直接责任者和领导责任者，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

第一百四十八条　驻外机构或者临时出国（境）团（组）中的党员，触犯驻在国家、地区的法律、法令或者不尊重驻在国家、地区的宗教习俗，情节较重的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务、留党察看或者开除党籍处分。

第一百四十九条　在党的纪律检查、组织、宣传、统一战线工作以及机关工作等其他工作中，不履行或者不正确履行职责，造成损失或者不良影响的，应当视具体情节给予警告直至开除党籍处分。

第十一章　对违反生活纪律行为的处分

第一百五十条　生活奢靡、铺张浪费、贪图享乐、追求低级趣味，造成不良影响的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

第一百五十一条　与他人发生不正当性关系，造成不良影响的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

利用职权、教养关系、从属关系或者其他相类似关系与他人发生性关系的，从重处分。

第一百五十二条　党员领导干部不重视家风建设，对配偶、子女及其配偶失管失教，造成不良影响或者严重后果的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节严重的，给予撤销党内职务处分。

第一百五十三条　违背社会公序良俗，在公共场所、网络空间有不当言行，造成不良影响的，给予警告或者严重警告处分；情节较重的，给予撤销党内职务或者留党察看处分；情节严重的，给予开除党籍处分。

第一百五十四条　有其他严重违反社会公德、家庭美德行为的，应当视具体情节给予警告直至开除党籍处分。

第三编　附则

第一百五十五条　各省、自治区、直辖市党委可以根据本条例，结合各自工作的实际情况，制定单项实施规定。

第一百五十六条　中央军事委员会可以根据本条例，结合中国人民解放军和中国人民武装警察部队的实际情况，制定补充规定或者单项规定。

第一百五十七条　本条例由中央纪委负责解释。

第一百五十八条　本条例自2024年1月1日起施行。

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Better empowering China to prosper the world - the theoretical contribution and practical value of new productivity

2024-06-19 16:22: 54Source: Xinhua News Agency Research Institute

  Table of contents

  Chapter 1: The Innovative Development of Marxist Theory of Productivity

  1.1 Theoretical Contribution of New Quality Productivity

  1.2 Several pairs of relationships that need to be grasped to understand the new quality of productivity

  1.3 The contemporary significance of developing new quality productivity

  Chapter 2: Developing new quality productivity with scientific and technological innovation as the core element

  2.1 Strengthen scientific and technological innovation, especially original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation

  2.2 Leading industrial innovation with technological innovation

  2.3 Develop new quality productivity according to local conditions

  Chapter 3: Shaping New Production Relations Adapting to New Quality of Productive Forces

  3.1 Further deepen reform in an all-round way to promote efficient and coordinated matching of new productivity factors

  3.2 Adhere to high-level opening up and create a first-class business environment

  Chapter 4: The World Significance of New Productivity

  4.1 Inject new impetus into the world economic recovery and share development opportunities

  4.2 Explore new production relations and expand new practices in economic governance

  4.3 Empowering Chinese-style modernization and opening up a new form of human civilization

  Chapter 5 Exploration and Practice of Developing New Productivity in Various Regions

  5.1 Seizing the “Crown Jewel” of the Shipbuilding Industry

  5.2 Anhui builds a quantum science and technology innovation highland

  5.3 Hangzhou West Science and Technology Innovation Corridor fosters new growth engines

  5.4 Beijing's "Star Valley" helps realize the dream of becoming a space power

  5.5 China Optics Valley is unique in the field of optoelectronic information industry

  5.6 China Western Science and Technology Innovation Port builds a "university without walls"

  5.7 Shandong accelerates the integration of digital and real industries to promote industrial digitalization

  5.8 Chongqing’s Practice in New Energy Vehicle Industry

  5.9 Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area builds an active technology cluster

  5.10 Chengdu and Chongqing jointly build the Western Science City and strive to form an innovation highland

  Conclusion

  Glossary

  references

  Writing instructions

 

  In 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping first proposed the important concept of "new quality productivity" during a local inspection. Since then, during the Central Economic Work Conference, the collective study of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and local inspections, General Secretary Xi Jinping has systematically explained and made major arrangements for the new quality productivity, and profoundly answered the important questions of "what is the new quality productivity, why should we develop the new quality productivity, and how to develop the new quality productivity".

  General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of important expositions on developing new types of productive forces are an innovation and development of Marxist productivity theory, further enriching the connotation of Xi Jinping's economic thought. They provide fundamental guidelines and action guidelines for China to further liberate and develop productive forces, achieve high-quality development, and promote and expand Chinese-style modernization in the new era and new journey. They will also inject new wisdom and impetus into the prosperity and development of China and the world.

  Chapter 1: The Innovative Development of Marxist Theory of Productivity

  “In general, new quality productivity is the advanced productivity state in which innovation plays a leading role, breaks away from the traditional economic growth mode and productivity development path, has the characteristics of high technology, high efficiency and high quality, and conforms to the new development concept.”[1]

  --Xi Jinping

  1.1 Theoretical Contribution of New Quality Productivity

  1.1.1 The basic connotation of new quality productivity

  On January 31, 2024, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a collective study on the solid promotion of high-quality development. General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech, in which he gave an in-depth explanation of the new concept of new quality productivity.

  "In a nutshell, new quality productivity is the advanced productivity quality state that innovation plays a leading role in breaking away from the traditional economic growth mode and productivity development path, and has the characteristics of high technology, high efficiency and high quality, which conforms to the new development concept. It is spawned by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep transformation and upgrading of industries. It has the leap of workers, labor materials, labor objects and their optimized combination as its basic connotation, and the substantial improvement of total factor productivity as its core symbol. Its characteristic is innovation, the key is high quality, and its essence is advanced productivity."

  High-quality development is the hard truth of the new era. Since China entered the new era, the CPC Central Committee has made a series of major decisions and arrangements to promote high-quality development, which has become the consensus and conscious action of the whole party and society, and the main theme of economic and social development. In recent years, scientific and technological innovation has achieved fruitful results, and the results of innovation-driven development have become increasingly apparent; the coordination and balance of urban and rural regional development have been significantly enhanced; reform and opening up have been comprehensively deepened, and the driving force and vitality of development have burst out; the green and low-carbon transformation has achieved remarkable results, the pace of transformation of development mode has accelerated, and high-quality development has achieved remarkable results. At the same time, there are still a large number of factors that restrict high-quality development, which must be highly valued and effectively resolved.

  General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that high-quality development requires the guidance of new productivity theories, and new productivity has been formed in practice and demonstrated its strong driving force and support for high-quality development. We need to summarize and generalize it theoretically to guide new development practices. [2]

  New-quality productivity is innovation-driven productivity. Innovation, especially original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation, plays a key role in the development of new-quality productivity. Looking back at previous industrial revolutions, they were all based on new scientific theories, which led to the emergence of new production tools, major adjustments in economic structure and development methods, and important changes in social production and lifestyle. Revolutionary technological breakthroughs will promote the leap of workers, labor materials, labor objects and their optimized combination, thereby achieving a substantial leap in productivity.

  New productivity is the productivity that changes the growth mode. Economic growth driven by traditional productivity generally relies on the horizontal and replicative expansion of labor materials, labor objects and laborers, and is heavily dependent on factor input. New productivity is committed to improving the quality and labor efficiency of workers, improving production methods and production tools, just like establishing a new "production function", changing the correspondence between the "independent variable" factor input and the "dependent variable" output, and driving a significant increase in total factor productivity.

  New-quality productivity is productivity applied to industry. New-quality productivity satisfies and creates new demands with high-quality supply, and through new demands, it generates new products, new services, and new industries, bringing about changes in the industrial structure. From the perspective of industrial development, after the results of scientific and technological innovation are applied to specific industries and industrial chains, they can transform and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate and strengthen emerging industries, give birth to and build future industries, and promote the continuous iteration and upgrading of industries.

  New productivity is the productivity that realizes green development. New productivity gets rid of the excessive dependence of traditional economic growth mode on traditional resources and energy. It is an advanced productivity state that embodies the concept of green development. It is green productivity and environmentally friendly productivity for sustainable development. Developing new productivity means that we must accelerate the green transformation of development mode and take the path of ecological priority and green development.

  1.1.2 Innovation and development of Marxist productivity theory

  Productivity is people's ability to transform and utilize nature, and is the most active and revolutionary factor in promoting social progress.

  Before the emergence of Marxist productivity theory, Western economists such as Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Friedrich List had already conducted research and discussions on productivity.

  Marx and Engels systematically analyzed and profoundly explained productivity. In Capital, Marx pointed out that “productive forces are the development of productive capacity and its elements” [3] and “labor productivity is determined by many factors, including: the average skill level of the workers, the level of scientific development and its application in technology, the social combination of the production process, the scale and efficiency of the means of production, and natural conditions”. [4] Engels believed that the origin of productivity is the ability to transform nature formed by the combination of people with labor capacity and means of production. [5] In The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels pointed out that after the proletariat seizes power, it must “increase the total amount of productivity as rapidly as possible” [6].

  The theory of productivity is a classical Marxist theory. The Communist Party of China has always insisted on applying and developing the Marxist theory of productivity in combination with its own practice. Comrade Mao Zedong clearly pointed out that "the purpose of the socialist revolution is to liberate productivity." [7] Comrade Deng Xiaoping proposed that "socialism has many tasks, but the fundamental one is to develop productivity." [8]

  Since the 18th CPC National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to the role of productivity and made a series of important statements, emphasizing that "the most fundamental and urgent task for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, realizing socialist modernization, and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is to further liberate and develop social productivity" [9] "We must insist that science and technology are the primary productive force, talent is the primary resource, and innovation is the primary driving force. We must thoroughly implement the strategy of building a country with science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country with talent, and the strategy of innovation-driven development, open up new areas and tracks for development, and constantly create new momentum and new advantages for development" [10] "To uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, we must constantly adjust production relations to adapt to the development of social productivity." [11]

  In the face of a rapidly changing world and China, if we stick to the old ways, become rigid in our thinking, and lack the courage to innovate in theory, we will not be able to answer scientific questions about China, the world, the people, and the times. General Secretary Xi Jinping has coordinated the overall strategic plan for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the great changes in the world that have not been seen in a century. He has accurately perceived and grasped the trends in world science and technology and economic development, and creatively proposed the important theory of developing new productivity. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "developing new productivity is an inherent requirement and an important focus for promoting high-quality development. We must continue to do a good job in innovation and promote the accelerated development of new productivity"[12]. General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of important expositions systematically explain the rich connotation, core essence, practical path and scientific method of new productivity, and profoundly answer major theoretical and practical questions such as "what is new productivity, why should we develop new productivity, and how to develop new productivity", enriching and developing Marxist productivity theory, marking that the Communist Party of China has reached a new level in its understanding of the laws of productivity development.

  1.1.3 Further enriched Xi Jinping’s economic thought

  Marx pointed out: “The extent to which a theory is realized in a country always depends on the extent to which the theory meets the needs of that country.”[13]

  Xi Jinping's economic thought is rooted in the time and space of China's development, and is constantly enriched and developed in the great practice of Chinese-style modernization, pointing out the correct direction and providing fundamental guidance for the high-quality development of China's economy. General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on the new quality of productivity is the latest achievement of Xi Jinping's economic thought, which has great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance for promoting high-quality development and advancing Chinese-style modernization in the new era and new journey.

  Since the 18th CPC National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has proposed a series of new concepts, ideas and strategies for China's economic development, which contain an inherently unified logic. The "new normal of economic development" constitutes the basic context of China's economic development, and "high-quality development" puts forward the big logic for shaping China's future development. The "new development stage", "new development concept" and "new development pattern" clarify the historical orientation of China's development, the guiding principles of modernization construction and the path selection of China's economic modernization. "New quality productivity" reveals the evolution law of productivity, reflects the direction of productivity upgrading, and aims to release new impetus to drive high-quality development.

  At present, global scientific and technological innovation has entered an unprecedented period of intensive activity. General Secretary Xi Jinping has always grasped the general trend of productivity development, guided China to seize the opportunities of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and continuously promoted the transformation of production relations to adapt to the requirements of productivity development, ensuring that China's economic giant rides the wind and waves and keeps moving forward.

  The introduction of the theory of new quality productivity provides an important underlying logic for Xi Jinping's economic thought. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "innovation is the first driving force for development", which is clear and pointed out that the "bull nose" of economic and social development is innovation. In terms of "deepening supply-side structural reform", the core goal of the current reform is to achieve industrial innovation through scientific and technological innovation. Through scientific and technological innovation, the technical content of products and services is continuously increased, which can better meet people's material and psychological needs, so that supply and demand will have a new and higher level of matching. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the promotion of "high-quality development", clearly building a "modernized economic system", and proposed to accelerate the construction of a "modernized industrial system". Innovative development relies on new quality productivity to lead, the fundamental feature of the modern industrial system is the formation of new quality productivity, and the core competitiveness of the modern economic system is reflected in the development of new quality productivity. It can be said that the introduction of new quality productivity provides the underlying logic of innovation-led development and advanced productivity-enabled development for these important concepts, marking the further enrichment and development of Xi Jinping's economic thought, and further answering a series of major issues in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. It has rich theoretical connotations and important practical value, and constantly opens up new horizons for Marxist political economics.

  The development of new quality productivity is rooted in the vivid practice of Chinese-style modernization and socialist economic construction, reflects the great advantages and vitality of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, is the concrete embodiment of the fundamental tasks of socialism in the new era and new journey, and is the inevitable choice to promote high-quality development with more advanced productivity. This also means that China will take the path of innovation-driven development with greater determination, build new competitive advantages, and win the initiative in development.

  1.2 Several pairs of relationships that need to be grasped to understand the new quality of productivity

  1.2.1 Productivity and production relations

  Marxist political economics believes that when the productive forces develop to a certain stage, they will come into conflict with their existing production relations. When the existing production relations constitute a constraint on the development of the productive forces, the change of production relations becomes inevitable, and this change in turn promotes the development of the productive forces.

  In his important speech at the conference commemorating the 200th anniversary of Marx’s birth, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that “to study Marx, we must study and practice Marxist ideas on productivity and production relations” and “we must be brave in comprehensively deepening reform, consciously stimulate the vitality of social productivity by adjusting production relations, consciously adapt to the development requirements of the economic base by improving the superstructure, and make socialism with Chinese characteristics move forward in a more law-abiding manner.” [14]

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has carried out a series of explorations and practices in the ownership of means of production, income distribution system, socialist market economic system, etc., expanded the theory of Marxist political economics on production relations, and effectively promoted the development of productivity.

  The development of new productivity also requires the construction of new production relations that are compatible with it. This is an urgent proposition to promote high-quality development in the new era. It requires continuous deepening of reforms in the fields of economic system, scientific and technological system, etc., and efforts to clear the bottlenecks that restrict the development of new productivity, so that all kinds of advanced and high-quality production factors can flow smoothly and be efficiently allocated to the development of new productivity.

  1.2.2 Supply and Demand

  New quality productivity is oriented to balance supply and demand. Supply and demand are two sides of the same coin in economic development. The balance between the two is relative, while the imbalance is absolute. Meeting the people's growing needs for a better life with high-quality supply is an integral part of developing new quality productivity.

  The report of the 20th CPC National Congress proposed to “organically combine the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand with the deepening of supply-side structural reform.” [15] The new products, new services, and new industries formed by the new quality productivity will continuously meet the people’s growing needs for a better life and will actively create, stimulate, and meet new demands. At the same time, productivity cannot exist independently of demand. The supply of products or services by enterprises must be transformed into consumption through exchange to be meaningful. The development of new quality productivity must be guided by meeting the needs of people’s all-round development and give full play to the driving function of demand on the development of productivity.

  At present and in the future, the factors that constrain China's economic development are both on the supply and demand sides, but the main contradiction is on the supply side. To develop new quality productivity, we must give full play to the role of innovation as the first driving force, strive to break through the supply constraints and bottlenecks, and meet and create demand with high-quality and effective supply. In the process of continuously expanding domestic demand and continuously meeting the needs of the people for a better life, we must promote continuous upgrading and innovation on the supply side, promote the continuous emergence of new industries, new technologies, new products, and new formats, and form a higher level of dynamic balance in which demand drives supply and supply creates demand.

  1.2.3 Inheritance and Innovation

  Marxism believes that everything in the world is in motion and change, and labor productivity is always changing. New quality productivity is not fixed, but dynamically generated and constantly developing.

  If you keep improving, you will keep improving day by day. The continuous progress of science and technology will promote the emergence of new productive forces and industrial formats. To grasp the initiative of developing new productive forces, we must closely follow the latest developments in science and technology, grasp the development trends of science and technology, promote the emergence of original and subversive scientific and technological innovation results, and continuously form new momentum for the development of new productive forces.

  To develop new quality productivity, we must adhere to the principle of starting from reality, establishing first and then breaking, and adapting to local conditions. In terms of scientific and technological innovation, we must take the formation of real productivity as the basic orientation, avoid being unrealistic and "learning to walk by imitation"; in industrial development, we must prevent a rush and bubble formation, and also avoid "the yellow bell is destroyed and the earthen pot thunders". General Secretary Xi Jinping has a vivid metaphor: "You can't throw away the guy who eats in your hand first, and then you haven't got the new guy who eats. This won't work." While actively cultivating strategic emerging industries and developing future industries, all regions must not ignore or abandon traditional industries. It is necessary to organically unify the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, the cultivation and expansion of emerging industries, and the layout and development of future industries, and scientifically coordinate and promote them. At present, we must support the development of strategic emerging industries and future industries, and also use new technologies to transform and upgrade traditional industries, and move towards high-end, intelligent, and green development.

  1.2.4 Material and civilization

  The transition of social economic forms and civilizations is marked by productivity and production tools. From the perspective of human history, from the Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age to Steel Age, from Steam Age, Electric Age to Information Age, it reflects not only the changes in tools, but also the cultural development and civilization progress brought about by the development of productivity.

  The cultivation and generation of new productivity is an important force and an important symbol of cultural development and civilization progress. Culture is an active civilization, and civilization is a settled culture. The essence of civilization is a state of progress. Only by constantly mastering new scientific and technological means can we promote the continuous development of civilization. At present, the world is in a new stage of comprehensively leading innovation with informatization and reconstructing the core competitiveness of the country based on informatization. Whoever can better understand and grasp this general trend, better adapt to and lead the development direction of new productivity, and promote the transformation of production relations and superstructure, will be able to enhance the comprehensive national strength in all aspects. New productivity is proposed in an era where mobile Internet, big data, and artificial intelligence are increasingly generated and evolving. We must see the infinite possibilities of disruptive innovation and its application, and think about the development of civilization and the progress of the times from this perspective.

  1.3 The contemporary significance of developing new quality productivity

  1.3.1 Practical requirements for building a strong nation and achieving national rejuvenation

  Developing new quality productive forces is an inevitable choice for advancing Chinese-style modernization and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It is an inherent requirement and important focus for promoting high-quality development, and it is also a practical need for continuously realizing the people's yearning for a better life.

  At present, the world is undergoing a major change that has not been seen in a century. How can we respond to the situation, seize opportunities, and open up new situations, and firmly grasp the initiative of development and history? Developing new quality productivity is what the times require, what development is urgent, and what the general trend is.

  After 75 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially the rapid development of more than 40 years of reform and opening up, China's total economic output ranks second in the world, but there is still a big gap with the world's advanced level in terms of scientific and technological innovation and industrial core competitiveness. By 2035, we will basically realize socialist modernization and build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modern country by the middle of this century. Objectively, we need to promote changes in the quality, efficiency and driving force of economic development, improve total factor productivity and accelerate the formation of new quality productivity.

  China has completed the industrialization process that took Western developed countries hundreds of years in just a few decades, built the world's most complete and largest industrial system, entered the ranks of innovative countries, and laid a solid foundation for the development of new quality productivity. Embarking on a new journey, grasping the "bull's nose" of innovation, building a "green background" for development, taking the "first move" in reform, and creating a "strong engine" of talent, China will continue to open up new tracks, enhance new momentum, create new advantages, and expand new space to promote high-quality development to a new level.

  1.3.2 The call of the times for global sustainable development

  At present, the world economy is still struggling to recover and has not yet found effective new growth momentum. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF)'s forecast in April 2024, the global economic growth rate in 2024 will be 3.2%, which is 0.3 percentage points higher than the forecast in October 2023, but still far below the historical (2000-2019) average of 3.8%.

  For many years, China has been a driving force for global growth, contributing about 30% to global economic growth annually. China is accelerating the formation of new quality productivity supported and led by scientific and technological innovation, which will inject strong impetus into global economic development.

  China's development of new productivity will strongly promote global technological change. In 2023, China's annual research and experimental development expenditure will reach 3.3 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.1% over the previous year.[16] The absolute amount of R&D expenditure ranks second in the world. By the end of 2023, China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) will have 4.015 million invention patents, a year-on-year increase of 22.4%, making it the first country to have more than 4 million domestic valid invention patents. China has become a veritable intellectual property powerhouse and continues to make important contributions to global innovation and development.

  China's new productivity is going global and will boost global economic development. China's 5G technology provides support for communications and mobile Internet in many countries. China's production of desktop computers, laptops, mobile phones, etc. has long been the world's first. New models are also going abroad. Many software from China, such as Temu, have become the fastest-growing shopping applications in the global market. More and more people are beginning to enjoy the cost-effective products and services provided by Chinese companies.

  China is providing important support for global green and low-carbon development. China has established an efficient production and manufacturing system for solar energy equipment, electric vehicles, etc., which has effectively reduced the cost of the world's green and low-carbon transformation. In 2023, China's exports of "new three" products represented by new energy vehicles, lithium-ion batteries and solar cells grew against the trend against the backdrop of weak global trade, breaking through the trillion yuan mark, an increase of 29.9% year-on-year.

  China adheres to the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind, continues to expand high-level opening-up, promotes high-quality development of the joint construction of the "Belt and Road", provides other countries with more opportunities to participate in emerging industries, and share the dividends of new productivity development. This will play an important role in promoting international economic cooperation and promoting regional sustainable development.

  Chapter 2: Developing new quality productivity with scientific and technological innovation as the core element

  “Scientific and technological innovation can give rise to new industries, new models and new drivers, and is the core element in developing new quality productivity.”[17]

  --Xi Jinping

  2.1 Strengthen scientific and technological innovation, especially original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation

  Scientific and technological innovation is an important force driving the development of productivity. From “productive forces also include science”[18] to “science and technology are the primary productive forces”[19] and then to “scientific and technological innovation is the core element of developing new productive forces”[20], the Marxist understanding of the core and key role of science and technology in developing productivity has been continuously developed and evolved in theoretical and practical exploration.

  The transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productivity is manifested in the form of giving birth to new industries and promoting the deep transformation and upgrading of industries. At present, scientific and technological innovation has widely empowered economic and social development with its ubiquitous penetration, diffusion and driving force. China has unique advantages in developing new quality productivity. In recent years, China's overall scientific and technological innovation strength has steadily improved, and its basic research capabilities have been continuously enhanced. In 2023, the proportion of basic research funds in the total social R&D investment will increase to 6.65%; the number of mid- and high-end talents has gradually emerged; the domestic market size is huge and the application scenarios are rich; the industrial chain structure is complete and the chain is long, and the scale of manufacturing has ranked first in the world for 14 consecutive years.

  The proposal of new-quality productivity means that China will promote scientific and technological innovation with greater determination and strength, accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, fight the key core technology battle, produce more original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation results, and inject new impetus into economic and social development.

  2.1.1 Firmly grasp key core technologies

  Key core technologies occupy a core position in the industrial technology ecosystem. They are an important means to enhance the leading role of scientific and technological innovation, and a guarantee for achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.

  General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Key core technologies cannot be obtained, bought, or begged for.”[21] Only by accelerating breakthroughs in key core technologies can we firmly grasp the initiative in innovation and development.

  To win the battle of key core technologies, we must focus on breaking through key difficulties. We must proceed from the urgent and long-term needs of the country and make all-out efforts in the fields of basic raw materials, high-end chips, industrial software, etc. We must take key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technologies as breakthroughs, proactively deploy a number of strategic and reserve technology research and development projects, and implement major national scientific plans and scientific projects. We must optimize fiscal science and technology investment, guide enterprises and society to increase R&D investment, strengthen intellectual property protection, improve tax policies to promote enterprise technological innovation, increase capital market support for technology-based enterprises, actively develop venture capital, and strengthen patient capital.

  To win the battle of key core technologies, we must give full play to the significant advantages of the socialist system of concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks, strengthen the leadership of the Party and the state over major scientific and technological innovations, and improve the new national system. Focusing on national strategic needs, we must improve top-level design, scientifically allocate innovation resources, optimize the positioning and layout of national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading science and technology companies, and unite the forces of the government, the market, and society to form a powerful synergy for scientific and technological breakthroughs.

  2.1.2 Continue to strengthen basic research

  Basic research is at the beginning of the scientific research chain from research to application and then to production. Only when the foundation is solid can the science and technology building be built high. At present, the scientific research paradigm has undergone profound changes, and the global basic research transformation cycle has been significantly shortened. It is urgent to strengthen basic research and solve key technical problems from the source and bottom.

  On February 21, 2023, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a collective study session on strengthening basic research. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that strengthening basic research is an urgent requirement for achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and is the only way to build a world power in science and technology. [22]

  In recent years, China's original innovation capability from "0 to 1" has been continuously improved, and a number of major original achievements with international influence have been achieved: a number of national heavy equipment such as the "China Sky Eye" FAST, steady-state strong magnetic field, and spallation neutron source have been built, and breakthroughs have been achieved in quantum computing, artificial synthesis of starch, and nano-confined catalysis.

  Basic research is the source of achieving self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology. Only through basic research can we turn uncertainty into certainty and the unknown into the known. The world has entered the era of big science, with basic research becoming more and more organized, and institutional guarantees and policy guidance having an increasingly greater impact on the output of basic research.

  On the one hand, we should optimize the layout of basic discipline construction, support the development of key disciplines, emerging disciplines, unpopular disciplines and weak disciplines, and support basic research and original innovation with a high-quality discipline system. On the other hand, we should increase diversified investment in basic research, meet the needs of different types of basic research, and provide financial support for the continuous emergence of major original achievements in basic frontier directions.

  For major scientific issues and major strategic needs, we must make systematic plans and forward-looking arrangements, and coordinate the deployment of strategic-oriented systematic basic research, frontier-oriented exploratory basic research, and market-oriented applied basic research. With the goal of occupying the commanding heights of cutting-edge technology and with institutional and mechanism innovation as a guarantee, we must strengthen the full-chain design and integrated deployment from basic research, key technologies, equipment development to results transformation.

  2.1.3 Strengthening the leading role of enterprises in innovation

  Enterprises are the main organizers and participants of scientific and technological innovation activities, and are also an important support for the development of new quality productivity. Strengthening the leading role of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation is the key to promoting high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.

  Data shows that by the end of 2023, there will be 427,000 Chinese companies with valid invention patents, an increase of 72,000 from the previous year. Companies will have 2.909 million valid invention patents, accounting for 71.2%, exceeding 70% for the first time. The proportion of corporate R&D investment in the total social R&D investment has exceeded 75% for many consecutive years. The status of enterprises as the main body of innovation has been further highlighted.

  In the context of accelerating the development of new quality productivity, China has taken a number of measures to further strengthen the leading role of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation.

  Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation decision-making, and support enterprises to participate in national scientific and technological innovation decision-making on a larger scale and at a deeper level; strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in R&D investment, increase the implementation of policies such as additional deductions for enterprise R&D expenses, and open up the chain of science and technology, industry, and finance; strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific research organizations, and let enterprises play a leading role in key technology research projects such as major special projects and key projects.

  The key to opening up the "last mile" of scientific and technological achievements transformation lies in enterprises. China will continue to improve the laws and regulations on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, remove policy barriers such as the use, disposal and income rights of scientific and technological achievements; improve the docking and industrialization mechanism of industry-university-research achievements, support enterprises to build pilot verification platforms, and enhance the ability of enterprises to transform scientific and technological achievements; give play to the leading role of leading enterprises and the supporting role of small and medium-sized enterprises, promote the linkage and integrated development of the entire industrial chain, and form a complete industrial ecology.

  The development of new productivity requires a large number of high-quality compound science and technology entrepreneurs. They must not only have an innovative spirit, but also have scientific qualities, be able to see the important value of new scientific discoveries, and have the ability to combine production factors around innovation and coordinate industry, academia and research. China is creating a good environment for entrepreneurs who are familiar with scientific and technological innovation, business models and management methods to stand out.

  2.2 Leading industrial innovation with technological innovation

  Every leap forward in productivity in modern human history has been accompanied by scientific and technological revolutions and industrial revolutions. However, scientific and technological revolutions can only give rise to industrial changes under suitable economic conditions and social systems.

  At present, a new round of technological wave focusing on artificial intelligence, clean energy, biotechnology, etc. is coming. Countries have accelerated the implementation of national strategies to promote the new industrial revolution, such as the United States' "Advanced Manufacturing Partnership Program", Germany's "Industry 4.0", Japan's "Resurgence Strategy", France's "New Industrial France", and the United Kingdom's "High Value Manufacturing Strategy".

  In the process of China's modernization, the construction of a modern industrial system has become an inevitable requirement for accelerating the cultivation of new quality productive forces.

  2.2.1 Transform and upgrade traditional industries

  China's industrial system is relatively complete and plays a vital role in the global division of labor system and industrial chain and supply chain system. Some industries are in a leading position internationally, and this advantage must be consolidated and utilized well.

  Traditional manufacturing is an important foundation for supporting the development of the national economy and meeting the needs of people's lives. To give traditional industries "newness" and "quality" means to accelerate the upgrading of structural systems, innovation of technological paths, and optimization of development models in the direction of high-end, intelligent, and green development, so as to promote effective improvement of quality and reasonable growth of quantity.

  Install a "high-end" engine. Accelerate the promotion and application of advanced and applicable technologies, promote the strengths of traditional manufacturing industries, promote the strengthening, extension and supplementation of supply chains, support traditional manufacturing industries to deepen their presence in sub-sectors, incubate new technologies, open up new tracks and cultivate new industries. Deeply implement the industrial base reconstruction project and strengthen the basic support system for traditional manufacturing industries.

  Install a "smart" engine. Accelerate the empowerment of digital technology, vigorously promote the transformation of enterprises from intelligent to digital, and accelerate the deep integration of information technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, 5G, and the Internet of Things with the entire process and all factors of manufacturing. Promote the networked coordination of the industrial chain and supply chain, and promote the overall transformation and upgrading of industrial parks and clusters.

  Install a "green" engine. Accelerate green scientific and technological innovation and the promotion and application of advanced green technologies, strengthen green manufacturing, develop green services, expand green energy industries, develop green and low-carbon industries and supply chains, and build a green and low-carbon circular economic system, so as to increase the "new" content of development with the "green" content of industries.

  According to the goals set out in the guidance opinions jointly issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and other eight departments, by 2027, the high-end, intelligent, green and integrated development level of traditional manufacturing will be significantly improved, effectively supporting the basic stability of the proportion of manufacturing, and further consolidating and enhancing the position and competitiveness in the global industrial division of labor. The penetration rate of digital R&D and design tools and the CNC rate of key processes of industrial enterprises will exceed 90% and 70% respectively, the industrial energy consumption intensity and carbon dioxide emission intensity will continue to decline, the water consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial added value will decrease by about 13% compared with 2023, and the comprehensive utilization rate of bulk industrial solid waste will exceed 57%.

  At present, China is promoting a new round of large-scale equipment renewal and consumer goods replacement. According to the action plan issued by the State Council, China will focus on key industries such as petrochemicals, steel, nonferrous metals, building materials, machinery, automobiles, light industry, textiles, and electronics, and carry out four major actions: advanced equipment renewal, digital transformation, green equipment promotion, and safety level improvement, comprehensively promote equipment renewal and technological transformation, and lay a solid foundation for the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.

  2.2.2 Cultivate and expand emerging industries

  Strategic emerging industries are at the forefront of scientific and technological and economic development. They play a significant leading role in the long-term development of the economy and society, and to a large extent determine the comprehensive strength, especially the core competitiveness, of a country or region.

  Strategic emerging industries are important carriers of new quality productivity. In September 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the symposium on promoting the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China in the new era that "we should actively cultivate strategic emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, advanced manufacturing, and electronic information, actively cultivate future industries, accelerate the formation of new quality productivity, and enhance new development momentum." [23]

  Strategic emerging industries are leading industries, and integration and clustering are new models of industrial development. Strategic emerging industry clusters achieve the organic combination of talent, technology, and capital and maximize benefits through the agglomeration of industries in a certain geographical space, and have become an important trend in China's industrial development.

  In March 2024, Nanjing released 18 artificial intelligence application scenarios, focusing on five major areas: "AI+Industry", "AI+Electricity", "AI+Transportation", "AI+Medical" and "AI+Information Consumption", to create a "testing ground" for the collaboration of underlying technologies and applications, and explore more promising artificial intelligence innovation models and product directions.

  At present, China is seizing the development opportunities of strategic emerging industries to build a number of advanced industrial clusters with international competitiveness in the fields of new generation information technology, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, green environmental protection, etc., and to construct a number of new growth points with distinctive characteristics, complementary advantages and reasonable structure.

  To promote the development of integrated clusters of strategic emerging industries, we must continue to work hard in deploying innovation chains around the industrial chain, improving ecological construction and scenario applications, and strengthening digital platform construction.

  It is necessary to deploy the innovation chain around the industrial chain, give full play to the chain leader advantages, platform effects and demonstration and leading role of leading enterprises, and promote the integration of the innovation chain and the industrial chain and the coordinated development of the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain.

  We must improve ecological construction and scenario application, strengthen the guidance and promotion of government investment on investment in the whole society, support various regions to build iconic industries in subdivided fields based on their endowment advantages and focus on future development, and use industrial demand to drive the development of education, science and technology, and talents.

  We must promote the integration of digital and real through the construction of digital platforms. Based on digitalization, we will bring together innovative forces such as upstream and downstream related enterprises, industry research institutions, and government public departments to achieve system integration and resource sharing.

  2.2.3 Planning and developing future industries

  Future industries are the cutting-edge force that will reshape the global innovation landscape and economic structure, and are the key to firmly grasping the initiative in future development.

  General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the development of future industries and has made a series of important instructions and decision-making arrangements. The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Long-Term Objectives for 2035 clearly states that "in the fields of cutting-edge science and technology and industrial transformation such as brain-like intelligence, quantum information, genetic technology, future networks, deep-sea aerospace development, hydrogen energy and energy storage, we will organize and implement future industry incubation and acceleration plans, and plan and deploy a number of future industries." China's future industrial development ideas are becoming clearer, and the development blueprint for key areas is gradually unfolding.

  At present, future industries have become a key area for building new growth engines from the central to local levels. The development of future industries is not only expected to cultivate a number of new pillar industries and industrial clusters worth hundreds of billions or even trillions of yuan, but also to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional advantageous industries through extensive empowerment, and play a greater role in strengthening, supplementing and extending the industrial chain.

  In November 2022, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Education approved the "List of Pilot and Cultivation Projects for Future Industry Science and Technology Parks", and 10 future industry science and technology parks in eight provinces and cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hubei, Guangdong, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Heilongjiang, became the first batch of pilot projects for the construction of future industry science and technology parks. In August 2023, the General Office of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Notice on Organizing the Announcement and Appointment of the 2023 Future Industry Innovation Tasks", focusing on four key directions, including the metaverse, humanoid robots, brain-computer interfaces, and general artificial intelligence, to accelerate the implementation of new technologies and new products.

  Various regions are competing to "lay out" future industries by combining science and technology with industrial foundations. Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Shenzhen have taken the lead in issuing development plans, action plans, implementation plans and supporting policies for future industries, and have made forward-looking layout of future industries a key part of their long-term economic development.

  China's future industries are in a critical period of achieving a great leap in innovation vitality, radiation capacity, and comprehensive strength. We must constantly innovate ideas and measures to adapt to industrial development, and plan the spatial and temporal layout of future industries in a forward-looking manner. Since the technical route of future industries needs to be clarified and the business model urgently needs to mature, the cultivation of future industries cannot simply use flooding support, but requires sophisticated temperature, light, water, and air control support. Its support orientation should emphasize more on cultivating the soil for development, more on supporting small, new, and young enterprises, more on strengthening original innovation, more on scene market support, and innovate regulatory models, increase institutional supply, and create an innovative atmosphere and development space that encourages innovation, tolerates failure, and dares to take risks.

  2.3 Develop new quality productivity according to local conditions

  Whether it is scientific and technological innovation or industrial innovation, the key is to start from reality, to base ourselves on scientific and technological foundations, and to make good use of our own advantages.

  During the 2024 National People’s Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed during the review of the Jiangsu delegation that “we must firmly grasp the primary task of high-quality development and develop new quality productivity in accordance with local conditions” and that “developing new quality productivity does not mean ignoring or abandoning traditional industries. We must prevent a rush into it, bubbles, or a single model.” [24]

  General Secretary Xi Jinping’s emphasis on “adapting measures to local conditions” reflects Marxist epistemology and methodology, and points the way for different regions in China to develop new productive forces in light of their own advantages.

  "Adapting measures to local conditions" is not only an accurate grasp of China's national conditions, but also a profound understanding of the laws of innovation. The development of new quality productivity involves multiple levels such as scientific and technological innovation, industrial upgrading, organizational management, and talent introduction and cultivation. There are differences in resource endowments, main functions, industrial foundations, and scientific research conditions in various places, and the ways to develop new quality productivity will also be different. We cannot ignore the laws of innovation, industrial laws, and our own conditions and act blindly. We must insist on starting from reality, seeking truth from facts, and exploring the path of developing new quality productivity that suits our own reality.

  To develop new quality productive forces, we must seek "innovation" and pay more attention to "quality".

  Judging from the historical experience and current situation of promoting industrial innovation through scientific and technological innovation, there has never been a single development path, nor a development model that can be simply copied. We must focus on the national regional innovation layout, based on the unique advantages of various regions and grassroots exploration and practice, to find a scientific and reasonable innovation and development path, and avoid stereotyped and one-size-fits-all models.

  To develop new quality productivity, we must focus on the implementation and value transformation of innovative achievements. Innovative achievements cannot just stay in the laboratory, but must become products on the production line and commodities in the big market. In the process of accelerating the transformation and application of scientific and technological innovation achievements, we must pay more attention to solving practical problems in local economic and social development, deploy innovation chains around the industrial chain, and layout the industrial chain around the innovation chain, so as to accelerate the transformation into real productivity and enhance the endogenous driving force of local development.

  To develop new quality productivity, we must prevent "involutionary" homogeneous competition. When planning and promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, we do not have to pursue large and comprehensive, and we cannot just focus on certain fields and certain products, but we must give play to comparative advantages and form an overall pattern of patchwork, mutual complementation, and each with its own merits.

  To develop new quality productive forces, we must strengthen cross-departmental coordination and cooperation, open up the technology chain, industrial chain, policy chain, talent chain, and capital chain, avoid each region and department "sowing their own seeds and scattering their own fertilizers", adhere to the "one country, one chessboard" overall planning and optimization, and scientifically plan and give full play to the strengths of each from the perspective of highlighting the country's overall advantages.

  Scientific and technological innovation cannot wait, nor can it be rushed. To do a good job in innovation and development, we must insist on scientific and technological innovation as the core element, insist on industrial innovation as a strong support, and insist on overall planning and balancing, so that the results of scientific and technological innovation can burst out and make the pace of developing new quality productivity more stable and the driving force stronger.

  Chapter 3: Shaping New Production Relations Adapting to New Quality of Productive Forces

  “Production relations must adapt to the requirements of the development of productive forces. To develop new productive forces, we must further deepen reform in an all-round way and form new production relations that are compatible with them.”[25]

  --Xi Jinping

  Developing new quality productive forces is both a development proposition and a reform proposition.

  General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that “reform is the key to liberating and developing social productive forces and the fundamental driving force for national development”[26] and “to develop new productive forces, we must further deepen reform in an all-round way and form new production relations that are compatible with them.”

  From the history of human industrial development, any country that can lead the global technological wave and industrial revolution must have built a new system that can more effectively stimulate and protect innovation than other countries. This is an important carrier of a country's core competitiveness. Therefore, the competition among countries for new quality productivity is superficially a competition for new technologies and new industries, but in essence it is a competition among countries for systems. Whoever can take the lead in providing market mechanisms, industrial supervision, financial systems, and industrial policies that match the new technological wave and industrial changes will be able to win in the competition among countries for new quality productivity.

  3.1 Further deepen reform in an all-round way to promote efficient and coordinated matching of new productivity factors

  New-quality productivity requires not only forward-looking planning and guidance from the government and scientific policy support, but also market mechanism regulation and continuous innovation by micro-subjects such as enterprises. It is cultivated and driven jointly by the government's "visible hand" and the market's "invisible hand".

  Since the reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China has creatively proposed to develop a market economy under socialist conditions through continuous exploration and practice, and established and improved the socialist market economic system. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has focused on building a high-level socialist market economic system, accelerated the improvement of basic market economic systems such as property rights protection, market access, fair competition, and social credit, improved and implemented the institutional mechanism of "two unshakable" principles, and laid the institutional foundation for the efficient and coordinated matching of various production factors.

  3.1.1 Grasping the “new” characteristics of new quality productive forces

  Compared with traditional productivity, new productivity is a productivity that includes completely new qualitative elements. Driven by the wave of new technological revolution, in order to achieve overall leap, optimal combination and innovative configuration of laborers, labor tools and labor objects, it is necessary to accurately grasp the new characteristics of new productivity elements.

  Higher-quality workers are the first element of new productivity. New workers are the most active and decisive factor in new productivity. Different from ordinary technical workers who mainly perform simple repetitive labor, new workers represent the transformation of modern labor force. They are innovative strategic talents who can create new productivity and application talents who can master new means of production. They have higher education level and stronger learning ability. They not only master traditional professional skills, but also can adapt to digital and intelligent working environment and have comprehensive ability of cross-border integration.

  New types of workers include top scientific and technological talents who lead the world's technological frontiers, innovate and create new production tools, and especially make major breakthroughs in disruptive scientific knowledge and technological creation; first-class scientific and technological leaders who have made outstanding contributions in basic research and key core technologies; engineering and technical talents represented by outstanding engineers and technical workers represented by great country craftsmen; outstanding entrepreneurs who dare to take risks, have strategic thinking, can keenly grasp cutting-edge scientific and technological technologies and industrial trends, continuously invest in innovation, and can promote industrial innovation through technological innovation.

  More sophisticated labor tools are the driving force of new productivity. The integrated application of new-generation information technology, advanced manufacturing technology, and new material technology has spawned a large number of new production tools that are smarter, more efficient, lower carbon, and safer. Traditional mechanical production tools have undergone disruptive changes, and the widespread application of industrial Internet and industrial software has greatly enriched the forms of production tools. The labor process has shifted to platform-based, ecological, shared, and remote production collaboration, promoting the organic integration of the digital economy and the real economy, and greatly improving productivity and economic benefits.

  As an important aspect of labor tools, new infrastructure is the basic support for new quality productivity. With information network infrastructure as the core, new infrastructure is characterized by digitalization, networking and intelligence, including high-speed networks, big data centers, intelligent logistics systems, etc. China is accelerating the construction of a modern infrastructure system that is complete, efficient, practical, intelligent, green, safe and reliable, which will provide the necessary conditions for the generation of new labor objects and the application of new labor tools.

  A wider range of labor objects is the material basis of new productivity. Thanks to scientific and technological innovation, the objects of human labor have changed greatly. On the one hand, the means by which humans obtain materials and energy from nature have become more advanced, and the scope of utilizing and transforming nature has expanded to deep space, deep sea, deep earth, etc.; on the other hand, humans continuously create new material materials through labor and transform them into labor objects, which greatly improves productivity. The widespread penetration of new labor objects such as data in all walks of life will release huge productivity efficiency.

  Driven by a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, workers, labor tools, labor objects and production methods have undergone changes and adjustments, promoting the convenient flow, networked sharing, systematic integration, collaborative development and efficient utilization of factors such as labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management and data, and promoting the accelerated formation of new quality productivity.

  3.1.2 Innovating the way of allocating production factors

  On January 31, 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during a collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that efforts should be made to remove bottlenecks that hinder the development of new quality productive forces, establish a high-standard market system, and innovate the allocation of production factors so that all kinds of advanced and high-quality production factors can flow smoothly toward the development of new quality productive forces. [27]

  The key to achieving innovative allocation of production factors lies in deepening reform.

  ——Continue to deepen the market-oriented reform of factors.

  The 19th CPC National Congress clearly identified the market-based allocation of factors as one of the key points of economic system reform. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee further emphasized the need to promote the construction of factor market systems, realize market-determined factor prices, autonomous and orderly flow, and efficient and fair allocation. In 2020, the "Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Building a More Perfect System and Mechanism for Market-Based Allocation of Factors" was issued, which categorized the reform directions in the five factor areas of land, labor, capital, technology, and data.

  China's market-oriented reform of production factors is continuing to advance. At the beginning of 2024, China issued the "Three-Year Action Plan for Data Factors × (2024-2026)", which clearly proposed to "give play to the amplification, superposition and multiplication of data factors". Compared with the previous "Internet +" action, the "Data Factors ×" action fully reflects the consideration of innovative allocation of production factors.

  ——Accelerate the construction of a unified national market.

  Market is the scarcest resource in the world today. China's super-large-scale market has the advantages of rich application scenarios and amplified innovation benefits. Accelerating the construction of a unified national market can promote the orderly flow and rational allocation of innovation factors, support the accelerated transformation of scientific and technological innovation to industrial innovation; better play the advantages of economies of scale and agglomeration effects, further reduce market transaction costs; and allow higher-quality goods and services to stand out in market competition, creating favorable conditions for the continuous emergence of new quality productivity.

  In recent years, China has made positive progress in accelerating the construction of a unified national market, including the full implementation of the registration system reform for stock issuance, the comprehensive launch of the pilot program for deepening the market entry of rural collective commercial construction land, and the promotion of a unified national electricity market system and carbon market. At the same time, a number of policies and measures that hinder the unified market and fair competition have been abolished, revised and corrected, and a number of supporting policies have been introduced in terms of improving property rights, market access, fair competition, credit, etc.

  In the next step, China will continue to break down local protectionism and regional barriers to create a good environment for business entities; optimize the layout of innovation resources and industries, build a provincial-national-world-class cluster tiered cultivation and development system, and promote the orderly transfer of manufacturing in the country.

  ——Build a high-standard market system.

  We should strive to remove bottlenecks that hinder the development of new quality productive forces and provide basic institutional support for the optimal allocation of innovation resources.

  The high-standard market system that China is building is a fundamental reform, characterized by unified openness, orderly competition, complete systems, and sound governance. Its content covers high-standard basic systems of the market system, high-standard factor market system, high-standard market environment and quality, high-standard market infrastructure, high-standard market opening, and high-standard modern market supervision mechanisms.

  As far as the basic systems of the high-standard market system are concerned, strict property rights protection is the original driving force to stimulate the vitality of all types of business entities; the implementation of a nationwide unified negative list system for market access is a prerequisite for the formation of a national unified market; fair competition is an effective market operation mechanism that can promote full competition among business entities and the survival of the fittest.

  Building a high-standard market system places greater emphasis on the integrity of the system, fair competition, and the importance of the government maintaining market order and making up for market failures. In short, we must give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better play the role of the government, and promote a better combination of an effective market and an effective government.

  3.1.3 Improve the mechanism for factors to participate in income distribution

  Improving the mechanism for factors to participate in income distribution has important theoretical significance and practical value for mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of various production factors to participate in production and allowing the vitality of various production factors to burst forth.

  Under the conditions of new quality productivity, higher requirements are placed on the innovative allocation of traditional quantitative factors such as land, capital, and labor. New forms of factors such as artificial intelligence, green energy, data, aerospace, deep sea, and frequency are emerging rapidly, and quality factors such as knowledge, technology, and management are playing a more important role. Improving the mechanism for factor participation in income distribution is the key to shaping production relations that adapt to new quality productivity.

  The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee identified “distribution based on work as the mainstay and the coexistence of multiple distribution methods” as an important component of the socialist basic economic system. The 20th CPC National Congress emphasized the need to improve the policy system of distribution based on factors of production.

  At present, China is improving the mechanism for labor participation in distribution, increasing the proportion of labor remuneration in the primary distribution, and consolidating the dominant position of distribution according to work; improving the mechanism for capital participation in distribution, promoting capital market reform, and improving the return and risk matching mechanism; improving the mechanism for land participation in distribution, improving the accuracy of land factor allocation and utilization efficiency, and establishing and improving the land value-added income distribution mechanism; improving the mechanism for knowledge participation in distribution, and forming a virtuous circle in which knowledge creates value and value creators receive reasonable returns in the whole society; improving the mechanism for technology participation in distribution, and establishing and improving the mechanism for implementing equity, options and dividend incentives for scientific researchers; improving the mechanism for management participation in distribution, and making good use of medium- and long-term incentive measures such as employee stock ownership, equity incentives, and equity dividends; improving the mechanism for data participation in distribution, and establishing and improving data ownership, disclosure, sharing, and trading rules to enable data owners to obtain due benefits from data use.

  3.1.4 Promote a virtuous cycle of education, technology and talent

  General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that “we must promote a virtuous cycle of education, science and technology, and talent in accordance with the requirements of developing new productive forces”[28] and “deepen reforms in the science and technology system, the education system, and the talent system”[29].

  Education is an important foundation for developing new productivity, science and technology are the core elements of developing new productivity, and talent is the first resource for developing new productivity. China insists on giving priority to education development, self-reliance in science and technology, and talent-led drive, further strengthening the solid foundation of coordinated resource allocation and activating an important engine for shaping new momentum and new advantages.

  We must work hard to deepen the reform of the science and technology system. We must deepen the reform of the science and technology management system, give scientific research units more autonomy, and give scientists greater power to decide on technical routes and use funds. We must focus on "who to innovate for, who will innovate, what to innovate, and how to innovate", and make overall arrangements for the entire chain of technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization, and achievement transformation, and systematically lay out key innovation resources such as policies, funds, projects, platforms, and talents. We must improve the management system for the use, disposal, and income of scientific and technological achievements, and continuously improve the level of transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.

  We must continue to work hard to deepen the reform of the education system. We must focus on the in-depth development of human resources and innovation-driven development, coordinate the collaborative innovation of vocational education, higher education, and continuing education, and promote the integration of vocational and general education, industry-education integration, and science-education integration. We must closely focus on national strategies and industry needs, and adjust and optimize the discipline layout, discipline structure, and professional settings of colleges and universities. Whether it is basic education, higher education, or vocational education, we must focus on stimulating talents' innovative thinking and creative ability.

  We must promote continuous breakthroughs in the reform of talent systems and mechanisms. We must accelerate the formation of a training mechanism that is conducive to the growth of talents, a utilization mechanism that is conducive to the full use of talents, an incentive mechanism that is conducive to the development of talents, and a competition mechanism that is conducive to the emergence of talents. We must put an end to the "one yardstick to the end" and accelerate the construction of a talent evaluation system oriented towards innovative value, ability, and contribution. We must actively "reduce the burden and loosen the shackles" for talents, give them full trust and a relaxed growth environment, especially for some basic scientific research and technological applications with long R&D cycles, we must maintain strategic patience. We must implement the "unveiling the list and taking charge" and "horse racing" systems. We must implement a more open and inclusive international science and technology cooperation strategy, smooth the cross-regional circulation channels of education, science and technology, and talent elements, and gather talents from all over the world and use them.

  3.2 Adhere to high-level opening up and create a first-class business environment

  China's economic development achievements were made under the conditions of opening up. Developing new productivity and achieving high-quality development must also be done under the conditions of a high level of opening up.

  General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must expand high-level opening-up and create a good international environment for the development of new productive forces.”[30] Faced with an increasingly complex international situation and increasing uncertainties, China insists on high-level opening-up and continues to build a first-class market-oriented, law-based and internationalized business environment, providing important support for the development of new productive forces.

  3.2.1 Optimizing resource allocation globally

  High-quality capital, key resources, advanced technology, and top talents are the key to developing new quality productivity. At present, global resource allocation is showing a new development trend. China is promoting high-level opening up to the outside world, relying on the advantages of its ultra-large-scale market, attracting global resource elements through domestic circulation, enhancing the linkage effect of the two markets and two resources at home and abroad, and creating an innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness.

  Since the reform and opening up, China has assumed three important roles in the process of economic globalization: a deep participant - deeply participating in the global manufacturing value chain division of labor, an active promoter - making great contributions to promoting global economic growth, and a cooperative innovator - jointly promoting a new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation.

  Foreign media said that China is promoting the formation of a global technology ecosystem and is gradually growing into an indispensable participant in international scientific and technological cooperation and an important gravitational field for global innovation resources.

  China's position in the global industrial chain division of labor has steadily improved, laying a solid foundation for integrating into the international cycle at a higher level and attracting global resources and factors. Faced with a complex external environment, China has released a clearer signal of opening up with a series of powerful measures.

  China announced that it would carry out pilot access in areas such as value-added telecommunications, and completely abolish restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector; issued an action plan to promote high-level opening-up and attract and utilize foreign investment with greater efforts, and announced the national and free trade zone versions of the negative list for cross-border trade in services, the Regulations on Promoting and Regulating Cross-Border Data Flows, etc.; the Implementation Plan for the Comprehensive Reform Pilot of Pudong New Area (2023-2027) proposed exploring the implementation path of capital account convertibility, and piloting the use of digital RMB in trade settlement, e-commerce payment, carbon trading, green electricity trading and other fields; held major exhibitions such as the China International Import Expo, the Canton Fair, the China International Fair for Trade in Services, the China International Digital Commerce Fair, and the China International Consumer Products Expo to create a two-way open platform...

  China's door of opening up is opening wider and wider, promoting the optimization of resource allocation on a global scale and creating a better environment and conditions for the development of new quality productive forces.

  3.2.2 Further expand institutional opening

  Compared with the opening-up of commodity and factor flow, institutional opening-up is a higher level of opening-up. By breaking through various barriers at the institutional and regulatory levels, it can effectively enhance the linkage effect of the two markets and two resources at home and abroad, and further play a role in gathering high-quality global innovation factor resources.

  General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that we should build a new development pattern around services, focus on institutional opening-up, deepen institutional and mechanism reforms in key areas of foreign exchange and cooperation such as investment, trade, finance, and innovation, improve supporting policies and measures, and actively and proactively raise my country's opening-up to a new level[31].

  Focusing on further expanding institutional opening-up, in terms of opening-up layout, China insists on better combining coastal opening-up with inland and border opening-up, and explores opening-up institutional rules that are suitable for the coordinated development of the coast and the inland; in terms of opening-up methods, China insists on better combining "bringing in" and "going out" to create a new platform for international cooperation; in terms of opening-up level, China insists on better combining opening-up in the manufacturing sector with opening-up in the service sector, and constructs new rules and standards to promote opening-up in education, medical care, finance and other fields; in terms of governance mechanism, China insists on better combining multilateral opening-up with regional opening-up, participates in promoting global institutional opening-up, and becomes a builder and contributor to an open world economy.

  At present, China is accelerating the institutional opening up of rules, regulations, management and standards: the quality of free trade pilot zones has been upgraded and expanded to 22, and China has taken the lead in piloting the connection with relevant international high-standard economic and trade rules in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, Fujian, Beijing and other qualified free trade pilot zones and Hainan Free Trade Port; it has increased the opening-up of the modern service industry, and the comprehensive pilot projects for expanding the opening-up of the service industry have increased to 11; it has fully and high-quality implemented the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), and actively promoted joining the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA), making China's contribution to accelerating the formation of an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness.

  3.2.3 Continue to deepen international cooperation

  Developing new productivity is in line with China's vision of achieving high-quality development, and is also in line with the world's expectation that China will provide "dynamic variables". Especially in the fields of green environmental protection and digital revolution, there is huge room for cooperation between China and its international partners. Continuing to deepen international cooperation in the field of new productivity will not only help improve the energy level of the global industrial chain and supply chain, but will also further optimize global resource allocation, allowing all partner countries to share opportunities for industrial upgrading and high-quality development.

  China is working hard to deepen international cooperation and lay a solid foundation for cultivating new quality productivity. Specific measures include: continuing to promote high-quality development of the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" and achieving win-win cooperation on the basis of the principle of consultation, joint construction and sharing; accelerating the construction of major international trade and logistics channels such as the China-Europe Express and the New Western Land-Sea Corridor to further enhance the level of connectivity; firmly supporting the multilateral trading system, actively participating in and promoting necessary reforms of the WTO, and further improving the global network of high-standard free trade zones.

  In 2023, China's non-financial direct investment abroad will be US$130.1 billion, an increase of 11.4% year-on-year, ranking among the top three in the world for 11 consecutive years. The stock of outbound investment is US$2.8 trillion, covering more than 190 countries and regions around the world, and has remained among the top three in the world for 6 consecutive years. By the end of 2023, China's direct investment stock in the countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative will exceed US$300 billion, with more than 100 overseas economic and trade cooperation zones and nearly US$2 trillion in contracted projects in participating countries. The investment cooperation of the Belt and Road Initiative will go deeper and more practical. China continues to deepen cooperation in green development, digital economy and blue economy, and has signed 64 memorandums of investment cooperation in related fields with 38 countries; established 70 bilateral investment cooperation working groups with 60 countries; and established more than 150 overseas Chinese-funded enterprise associations in more than 120 countries and regions.

  General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that only when the world is good can China be good; and only when China is good can the world be better.[32]

  Creating opportunities through opening up and solving problems through cooperation is a valuable experience that China has gained in the process of expanding its opening up. International cooperation driven by the development of new-quality productivity will have broader space and more vivid practice.

  Chapter 4: The World Significance of New Productivity

  “The world today is not peaceful. China, as always, takes the future of mankind and the well-being of its people into consideration, strives to contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions to the cause of human peace and development, and advocates an equal and orderly multipolar world and an inclusive economic globalization.”[33]

  --Xi Jinping

  The development of productivity is a common feature of modernization in all countries. Over the past 200 years since the Industrial Revolution, a few countries that have achieved modernization have achieved productivity leaps to varying degrees. However, overall, the process of world modernization is not smooth sailing and still faces many challenges, including weak economic recovery, severe geopolitical situation, trade protectionism and countercurrents of globalization.

  Against this background, China's development of new productive forces is not only a proactive move aimed at the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, but also a responsible move to promote world peace, development, mutually beneficial cooperation and common prosperity through its own modernization practice.

  4.1 Inject new impetus into the world economic recovery and share development opportunities

  In the global economic landscape, China is playing an increasingly prominent role as an “engine” and “ballast stone”. Citing the latest economic forecast data from the International Monetary Fund, Bloomberg News predicts that from 2024 to 2029, 75% of global economic growth will be concentrated in 20 countries, with China making the largest contribution. During the same period, China’s share of global new economic activity will reach about 21%, higher than the 20% of the Group of Seven. [34]

  4.1.1 Playing a new role as an economic engine

  Why can China continue to play the role of an engine during the difficult transformation of the world economy?

  An important factor is that China actively embraces a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, takes the development of new quality productive forces as the driving force, strives to promote industrial innovation through revolutionary technological breakthroughs and innovative allocation of production factors, constantly explores new fields, new advantages, and new tracks, and cultivates new development momentum.

  At present, new quality productivity is stimulating the vitality and potential of the Chinese market and enhancing China's resilience as a world economic engine. In 2023, the output value of China's three major industries, biomedicine, artificial intelligence and nanotechnology applications, will exceed US$55 billion; it is expected that by 2027, the scale of the digital economy is expected to reach US$15.7 trillion. China's efforts to promote carbon peak and carbon neutrality are leading the construction of a new zero-carbon industrial system, triggering massive investment and industrial opportunities. In the field of renewable energy, China has become a veritable global leader. According to the Global Wind Energy Report 2024 released by the Global Wind Energy Council, in 2023, the world's new wind power installed capacity will reach a record 117 GW, a 50% increase from 2022, but if China is excluded, the growth of the global wind energy industry has actually stagnated[35].

  Research by the International Monetary Fund shows that China's economic growth has a positive spillover effect on the rest of the world. For every 1 percentage point increase in China's economy, the output level of other economies will increase by an average of 0.3 percentage points.[36] With the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and the vigorous rise of emerging industries, new quality productivity will continue to inject new impetus into the high-quality development of China's economy, leading to the continuous expansion of the middle-income group and the continued growth and upgrading of the consumer market. By then, the benefits that China's economic engine will bring to the world will be quite expected.

  4.1.2 Creating new opportunities for win-win development

  Accelerating the development of new quality productivity will further magnify the unique advantages of the Chinese market and create more development opportunities for international partners.

  First, the development of new quality productivity will lead to an increase in labor productivity, industrial added value, and workers' income and welfare levels. By 2035, China's middle-income population is expected to reach 800 million, forming a stronger purchasing power. With the continuous development of new quality productivity, consumption scenarios will continue to expand, and the Chinese people's production and lifestyle will rapidly transform towards digitalization and greening, stimulating new diversified and high-end consumption demands. Driven by both purchasing power and demand, China's import scale will expand accordingly, and China's trading partners will share the development opportunities of the Chinese market at a deeper and broader level.

  Accelerating the development of new quality productivity will also make China a more important link in the global innovation chain. More and more foreign-funded enterprises are participating in the creation of China's advanced industrial chain and the upgrading of the innovation chain, focusing more of their investment in China on the innovation track, and paying more attention to the research and development and development of innovative technologies and services with high added value. For many multinational companies, China is not only an important market, but also an "amplifier" of innovation benefits.

  Many multinational companies have cast a "vote of confidence" in China's innovative development by making additional investments. AstraZeneca, which has been rooted in China for more than 30 years, will invest $475 million to build a small molecule pharmaceutical factory in Wuxi and $700 million to establish an inhalation aerosol production and supply base in Qingdao; Valeo will establish a "comfort driving assistance system" production and R&D base in Shanghai; GE Healthcare (China) will double its R&D investment in China in the next three years. Looking around the world, it is difficult to find an investment highland as large and spacious as China. The accelerated development of new quality productivity will further consolidate the recognition of the foreign business community that "the next China is still China."

  China's irreplaceability can be seen from the financial reports of multinational companies. In fiscal 2023, Bosch Group's sales in China increased by more than 5%, among which smart travel was the main growth driver of its business in China. Apple's revenue in Greater China accounts for about one-fifth of the company's total revenue. The Shanghai Super Factory has become Tesla's main export center in the world, and its efficiency ranks among the top in the industry. In late April 2024, Tesla CEO Musk visited China again after less than a year. A large number of visionary foreign entrepreneurs have keenly sensed the new opportunities brought by China's development of new quality productivity.

  4.2 Explore new production relations and expand new practices in economic governance

  The new quality of productivity is the development and innovation of Marxist political economics by the Communist Party of China. It contains tremendous transformative power and also poses new challenges to China's economic governance capabilities.

  At present, China is working hard to improve its economic system and enhance its economic governance capabilities. This strategic initiative demonstrates China's confidence in its system and provides other developing countries with valuable experience and practical examples of economic governance.

  4.2.1 Proactively respond to global frontier challenges with strategies

  At present, China is overcoming the "comparative advantage trap" commonly encountered by latecomer countries, and is in a leading position in technology research and development and application in many new fields. It is facing the challenges brought by technological development at the same time as developed countries. To this end, China is actively improving policy planning, filling institutional gaps, tapping into institutional and mechanism advantages, opening up a new situation in the midst of change, and actively seizing strategic initiatives.

  China's institutional exploration in developing the digital economy is remarkable. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee, with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, has attached great importance to the development of the digital economy, and data has become a basic strategic resource for the country. In April 2020, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Building a More Perfect System and Mechanism for Market-based Allocation of Factors", and data was written into the central document for the first time as a new production factor. China has become the first country in the world to establish data as a production factor at the national policy level.

  Since 2022, the development of China's data factor market has entered the fast lane. In December 2022, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Building a Data Basic System to Better Play the Role of Data Factors", drawing up a blueprint for the development of the data factor market. In February 2023, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the "Overall Layout Plan for the Construction of Digital China", setting goals and tasks in stages, and proposing that "by 2035, the level of digital development will be among the best in the world". In March of the same year, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the "Reform Plan for Party and State Institutions", proposing the establishment of the National Data Bureau.

  China has elevated data to the status of a new type of production factor, conforming to the trend of digital economic development. China strives to consolidate the foundation of data-driven development, safeguard data sovereignty, promote the development of the digital economy, and actively build new advantages in data competition; at the same time, it actively participates in international cooperation in the digital economy and the formulation of relevant rules, so that the achievements and experience of China's data factor development can benefit more countries and people.

  China is at the forefront in addressing the current global digital governance deficit and governance challenges in emerging digital fields. In 2020, China proposed the Global Data Security Initiative, which clarified the norms of government behavior and promoted enterprises to share responsibilities and cooperate to address security risks. In 2023, China issued the Interim Measures for the Administration of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services, which is the world's first special legislation for generative artificial intelligence. In the same year, China also submitted the "China's Position on Issues Related to Global Digital Governance" to the United Nations, calling for the elimination of the digital divide and opposing technological monopoly.

  Actively and proactively carrying out various explorations and responses around new production factors has demonstrated China's determination and spirit of hard work to enhance its economic governance capabilities. This will promote changes in global economic governance and help further stimulate the potential and vitality of the global economy.

  4.2.2 New practices in economic governance have inspired global response

  China's development of new productive forces and promotion of institutional innovation and changes in production relations have aroused strong resonance internationally.

  Properly handling the relationship between the government and the market is the core issue of China's economic system reform. General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed "letting the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and better play the role of the government", leading to continuous innovation and breakthroughs in the theory and practice of the socialist market economy.

  In the fields of basic research and key core technology breakthroughs, China has focused on improving the system of unified leadership of the Party Central Committee over scientific and technological work, improving the new national system, strengthening the country's strategic scientific and technological strength, and optimizing the allocation of innovation resources; in terms of the implementation and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, it has placed more emphasis on the role of the market and strengthened the position of enterprises as the main body of innovation, which has brought useful inspiration for making good use of the "invisible hand" and the "visible hand."

  In the process of comprehensively deepening reform and improving economic governance, the methodologies contained in Xi Jinping's economic thoughts, such as "establishing before breaking", "seeking progress while maintaining stability", and "promoting stability through progress", have attracted increasing attention from the international community.

  Anna Malimbog-Uy, deputy director of the Asian Century Strategic Institute of the Philippines, spoke highly of President Xi Jinping’s remarks on “actively promoting the high-end, intelligent and green development of industries.” She believes that this deployment is forward-looking, emphasizing both the use of science and technology, digital economy, and green technology to empower economic development and the balance between economic growth, scientific and technological progress, and sustainable development.[37]

  The international community believes that China has placed great importance on the formation of new production relations that are compatible with new productivity, which is a reflection of the increasing maturity of economic governance. The formation and development of new productivity in China reflects the great advantages and vitality of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and will provide a Chinese solution for mankind to explore better economic governance methods.

  4.3 Empowering Chinese-style modernization and creating a new form of human civilization

  Every evolution of human civilization is inseparable from the promotion of productivity leaps. On the new journey of comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization, China's development of new quality productivity will promote cultural development and civilization progress.

  4.3.1 Deeply practice “Humans and nature are a community of life”

  Industrialization has created unprecedented material wealth, but it has also caused irreparable ecological damage. The contradiction between limited resources and unlimited human needs has become prominent, and climate change has become one of the most serious challenges facing mankind. Traditional productivity that relies on factor input and is characterized by low efficiency, high pollution, and extensive growth is difficult to support sustainable economic development.

  Compared with traditional productivity, new productivity focuses on achieving the connotation-based growth of productivity driven by innovation. One dimension is to promote the iterative upgrading of industries based on knowledge and information, data and computing power, so as to overcome the exclusivity and consumption of natural material resources and get rid of excessive dependence on resources. Promoting a new round of productivity leap is not only about technological innovation itself, but also about the deep understanding that "man and nature are a community of life."

  The idea that civilization will flourish when ecology thrives and will decline when ecology declines has become a widely accepted concept in China. One of the characteristics of Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. New quality productivity is conducive to promoting the formation of green and low-carbon industries and promoting the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. The development model of "polluting first, then governing" and "controlling nature and plundering nature" is becoming a thing of the past, and the road of civilization characterized by harmonious coexistence between man and nature and the pursuit of sustainable development is opening up.

  4.3.2 Strengthening humanistic care in the modernization process

  Chinese modernization is a new type of modernization that is people-oriented and future-oriented. As General Secretary Xi Jinping said, “The ultimate goal of modernization is to achieve the free and comprehensive development of people. Whether the path of modernization can be successful and stable depends on whether we insist on putting people at the center.”[38]

  China develops new productivity in order to make the fruits of modernization more equitable and beneficial to all people and promote and advance the all-round development of people. Therefore, developing new productivity is part of China's development and improvement of human rights.

  New quality productivity pays more attention to improving the quality of workers and cultivating new types of workers, so as to transform the economic development mode from investing in things to investing in people. China believes that only by achieving high-quality population development at a higher level and on a larger scale can a deeper foundation be provided for the continuous cultivation of new quality productivity.

  Chinese-style modernization is modernization for the common prosperity of all people. China has a large population and must create social wealth that matches its size. The development of new quality productivity will help cultivate new economic growth points and economic growth poles, thereby ensuring sustained growth and expanding the total amount of social wealth. China's sound income distribution mechanism around the development of new quality productivity will help narrow the gap between the rich and the poor and provide strong support for achieving common prosperity.

  The development of new productivity will also usher in a new economic form for human society, which will serve more "human modernization". This means that people will show stronger subjectivity, creativity and civilization in modern production and life. The development of new productivity provides greater possibilities for the realization of people's all-round development, and also adds stronger humanistic care to human modernization.

  4.3.3 Boosting the development confidence of the global South and promoting mutual learning among civilizations

  Science and technology belong to the times and the world. China's modernization practice empowered by new productivity is good news for the global South. China's experience in technological innovation, industrial upgrading and transformation will open up new realistic paths for the modernization of latecomer countries and will also promote the world economy towards a more diversified and balanced future.

  China is not pursuing modernization in isolation, but is looking forward to achieving modernization together with all countries, including the vast developing countries. This vision is attractive, but also full of challenges. On the one hand, the dominance of capital and the shift from industrial expansion to financial expansion have led to the economic decoupling of some countries and the widening of the gap between the rich and the poor. Some countries restrict the flow of innovative factors such as knowledge, technology, and talents, suppress the competitive industries of other countries, and hinder the development of the world. On the other hand, latecomer countries have long been in the "comparative advantage trap", and it is difficult to break through the bottleneck of "dependent modernization" and achieve equal and independent leaps in productivity development.

  If we cannot become important participants and contributors in the new round of global economic governance system and international economic and trade rules adjustment process, we will lose our voice and initiative in the new track of global economic and industrial development, which is particularly urgent for developing countries. In shaping the international innovation ecosystem, China insists on cheering for latecomers, jointly promoting the global flow of innovation factors, tapping the driving force of economic growth, and advocating that scientific and technological achievements should benefit all mankind, rather than becoming a means to restrict and contain the development of other countries. China issued the "International Science and Technology Cooperation Initiative", advocating the practice of open, fair, just and non-discriminatory international science and technology cooperation concepts, and promoting the construction of a global science and technology community; it put forward the "Global Artificial Intelligence Governance Initiative", calling on countries to strengthen information exchange and technical cooperation, and form an artificial intelligence framework and standard specifications with broad consensus.

  China is also committed to building the Belt and Road into an innovation road, cooperating to build science and technology innovation alliances and bases for co-construction countries, and creating opportunities and platforms for common development of all countries; it advocates actively making good use of the APEC SME mechanism, and running the APEC International Cooperation Forum on Specialized, Advanced and Innovative SMEs, to continuously build consensus on the specialized, advanced and innovative development of SMEs.

  Faced with the political backlash of deglobalization and anti-globalization, China has always insisted on promoting high-level institutional opening-up, scientific and technological innovation, and advocating a collective leap in productivity through deeper openness, exchanges, and integration. Standing at a new crossroads of human development and facing the world's century-old changes, China is an active participant and firm supporter of economic globalization. China's development of new productivity will bring broad new opportunities to the world. In the process of working together to build a community with a shared future for mankind, we firmly believe that the international community can embark on a path of productivity leap for cooperation and win-win, and open a new chapter of civilization with sustained prosperity and harmonious coexistence.

  Chapter 5 Exploration and Practice of Developing New Productivity in Various Regions

  “All localities should adhere to the principle of starting from reality, establishing first and then breaking down, taking local conditions into consideration, and providing classified guidance. Based on local resource endowments, industrial foundations, scientific research conditions, etc., they should selectively promote the development of new industries, new models, and new drivers, use new technologies to transform and upgrade traditional industries, and actively promote the high-end, intelligent, and green development of industries.”[39]

  --Xi Jinping

  In accordance with General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions on developing new quality productive forces and the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee, various parts of China have based themselves on the overall national development situation, insisted on starting from reality and adapting to local conditions, and dared to innovate and explore in accelerating the cultivation and formation of new quality productive forces. They have made continuous progress, and a number of typical cases and experiences have emerged, providing new inspiration and opening up new space for high-quality development.

  5.1 Seizing the “Crown Jewel” of the Shipbuilding Industry

  Good news has come from the construction of large cruise ships, the "crown jewel" of the shipbuilding industry. The second domestically-made large cruise ship has begun to be assembled and loaded, and the construction has entered an accelerated period.

  On April 20, 2024, the domestically-produced large cruise ship "Ship No. 2", which is 341 meters long, 37.2 meters wide and has a total tonnage of over 140,000 tons, entered the No. 2 Dock of Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. of China Shipbuilding Group, marking the basic formation of China's cruise ship mass design and construction capabilities.

  In November 2023, the first domestically-made large cruise ship, "Aida·Modu", was named and delivered, giving China a place in the field of global large cruise ship design and construction. In January 2024, "Aida·Modu" started its first commercial voyage and entered the lives of the people.

  Looking around the world, domestically-made large cruise ships have broken the long-term monopoly of European and American countries; looking back at the present, China's huge consumer market and rich application scenarios have made the industrial development of these major national weapons very promising.

  The importance of “heavy equipment” lies not only in the large volume of parts and components, which are in the millions or tens of millions, but also in the difficulty of comprehensive research and development, integrated innovation, and the driving force of key breakthroughs and industrial upgrading.

  Large cruise ships, large LNG ships, and aircraft carriers, the "three pearls" of the shipbuilding industry have all been gathered. From these advanced manufacturing high-end equipment and landmark achievements in scientific and technological innovation, we can sort out the internal logic of China's high-end manufacturing industry climbing up step by step and scaling new heights.

  First, we can see the practical ability. From the construction base of domestic large cruise ships, Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. of China State Shipbuilding Corporation, hundreds of large ships have sailed to the global shipping market, whether it is ultra-large container ships or offshore oil drilling platforms. These are the leading projects for the development of China's new industrialization. The design and construction of large cruise ships represent the Chinese shipbuilding industry's strength reaching a new level. Domestic large cruise ships have brought together 1,500 suppliers from around the world, forming a "map" of the cruise supply chain, laying a solid foundation for the mass construction of large cruise ships.

  Second, innovation. High-end equipment itself is a "testing ground" for innovation. Through large cruise ship projects, China has established the first national team for cruise ship design, trained a group of core talents in large cruise ship R&D and design, and mastered a number of key technologies such as overall layout, aesthetic design, safe return to port, and alternative design through cross-validation of basic scientific research and actual ship engineering.

  A ship is an innovation platform, an industrial chain, and an open window. In 2023, China's three major shipbuilding indicators will achieve comprehensive growth, and its international market share will exceed 50% for the first time. Statistics show that among the 18 major ship types in the world, China ranks first in the world in terms of new orders for 14 types of ship types.

  Third, look at the driving force. Large cruise ships have become the pinnacle of high-end equipment in the shipbuilding industry with their complex integration of "giant system" engineering and lean technology. High-end equipment itself is a test field for innovation capabilities. With the realization of mass production, domestic large cruise ships are becoming more and more localized. While continuing to strengthen international cooperation, Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. continues to improve the local supporting rate, promote the construction of local cruise supporting industry clusters, and create a complete cruise industry chain.

  At present, in addition to the domestically produced large cruise ship "No. 2", Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding is also accelerating the research and development of ultra-large, medium and small cruise ships, in order to form a systematic and large-scale development of cruise products and form a domestic large cruise fleet. Through the cruise project, it is helpful to build an industrial innovation system that integrates technical needs, product development, technological innovation, technological verification and industrialization.

  5.2 Anhui builds a quantum science and technology innovation highland

  In recent years, quantum technology has developed by leaps and bounds. In Anhui, which is committed to building a highland for quantum information science and innovation, the quantum industry is booming. Currently, more than 60 quantum technology industry chain companies have been gathered, ranking first in the country.

  In Hefei High-tech Zone, where the Advanced Technology Research Institute of USTC is located, Yunfei Road has become a well-known "Quantum Street" in China because it is dotted with dozens of quantum technology industry chain companies. The world's first thousand-kilometer-level quantum secure communication "Beijing-Shanghai Trunk Line", the world's first quantum science experimental satellite "Micius", and the "Jiuzhang" quantum computing prototype that achieved the milestone of "quantum computing superiority" were all born here and nearby.

  In 2023, the first national-level "Quantum Information Future Industry Science and Technology Park" was unveiled and put into operation in Hefei High-tech Zone. From laboratory results to "Quantum Street" applications, and then to the gathering of chains in the science and technology park, the three major directions of quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement industry chains are entering the "fast lane" of scientific and technological industrialization, improving the productivity level in the application field.

  How can a central province speed along on the new track of quantum information?

  Technological innovation is the key. Anhui has formed a quantum information basic research system including multiple research institutions. In recent years, it has successfully built a 255-photon quantum computing prototype "Jiuzhang No. 3" and a 66-bit programmable superconducting quantum computing prototype "Zu Chongzhi No. 2". At the same time, it has gradually established a "laying eggs along the way" mechanism for cutting-edge scientific research, laid out a number of scientific and technological achievement transformation platforms, and undertaken the on-site transformation and incubation of scientific and technological achievements from universities and research institutes, so that quantum technology can develop faster.

  Scenario innovation is an important exploration to shorten the distance between basic innovation and application. Anhui has opened up scenarios in various fields such as enterprise production and government applications to provide real application demonstration opportunities for new technologies, new products and innovative solutions for science and technology companies, accelerating the application and iteration of scientific and technological achievements.

  Thanks to the opening of government affairs scenarios, in 2012, KUST Guodun Quantum completed the construction of the Hefei metropolitan area quantum communication experimental demonstration network at the start-up stage of the enterprise. This is the world's first large-scale quantum communication network and an important node for KUST Guodun Quantum's quantum communication technology to move from laboratory to engineering. Today, the Hefei quantum metropolitan area network has been built and put into operation, laying 1,147 kilometers of network optical fiber, covering 8 core sites and 159 user nodes, and providing quantum security access services and data transmission services.

  Enterprises are the main body of innovation, and innovation is the source of vitality for enterprises. By implementing major science and technology projects, building innovation platforms, and introducing corporate talents to support the development of quantum enterprises, Hefei currently ranks first among cities in China in terms of the cumulative number of quantum patent applications.

  At Guoyi Quantum, the company's R&D investment accounted for nearly 30% in 2023, and R&D personnel accounted for nearly 70% of the more than 600 employees. It is precisely with the support of key R&D projects, talent policies and other types of support that Guoyi Quantum insists on original innovation and breaks through a number of key core technologies. Today, its quantum measurement technology has been applied to many fields such as oil exploration, life sciences, aerospace, etc. Last year, the company's order volume exceeded 500 million yuan.

  5.3 Hangzhou West Science and Technology Innovation Corridor fosters new growth engines

  Open the map of Hangzhou, and you will see a broad "corridor" stretching 39 kilometers from the Zijingang Campus of Zhejiang University in the east, through Zijingang Science and Technology City, Future Science and Technology City, Qingshan Lake Science and Technology City, and to Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University in the west. This is the Hangzhou West Science and Technology Innovation Corridor.

  Looking down at the Grand Corridor from a drone perspective, it has a futuristic feel. The "national heavy equipment" supergravity test site is like a spaceship with its wings spread. Five Zhejiang provincial laboratories, including the Zhijiang Laboratory and the West Lake Laboratory, are distributed around it. There are 3,354 national high-tech enterprises, 91 national science and technology innovation platforms, and 580,000 professional and technical personnel in the high-rise buildings. Starting from 2023, 80 new companies will be added here every working day, providing a continuous source of power for high-quality economic development.

  The "bionic hand" that lit the main torch at the opening ceremony of the Hangzhou Asian Para Games and the four-legged robot dog that silently patrolled 8 meters underground in the Asian Games Village, these high-tech products that have become popular all come from the Grand Corridor.

  Walking into the corridor, we came to the exhibition hall of Zhejiang Qiangnao Technology Co., Ltd., the only unicorn company in the field of brain-computer interface in China. "Good luck and good fortune!" Ni Mincheng, the product experience officer of Qiangnao Technology who lost both hands, wrote amazing calligraphy with a pair of intelligent bionic hands.

  At present, the Grand Corridor is committed to building a world-class digital technology industry cluster and a strategic emerging industry cluster. In the view of industry experts, over the years, the Grand Corridor has accumulated a deep market foundation for industrial development through relevant policies, encouraging the introduction of talents, technology research and development, and guiding market applications, and has built an industrial environment with obvious advantages.

  "The biggest feature of the Grand Corridor is that it has created an innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem that brings together five major elements: a proactive government, well-known universities, leading companies, and diverse and multi-level investors and entrepreneurs." Fang Yi, chairman of Daily Interactive, said that these five elements ensure that policy support, talent output, technological innovation, capital support, and entrepreneurial projects for industrial development can be sustained in the long term.

  In order to better serve enterprises and promote high-quality development, Hangzhou has introduced special policies on industry, talent and technology for the West City Science and Technology Innovation Corridor. Since last year, more than 30 municipal departments have successively gone to the corridor to provide docking services. Remarkable results have been achieved in the creation of a talent "reservoir", construction of public facilities and overall smart governance.

  In April 2023, it took only three days for 26-year-old Mu Haowen to win the first prize in a high-profile cybersecurity competition and lead his team to settle their startup in the Dream Town of the Great Corridor. In Mu Haowen's opinion, the Great Corridor's understanding of their team's project was amazing, and the entrepreneurial atmosphere, industrial supporting facilities, and enthusiastic service here made them unable to refuse.

  At present, the Grand Corridor is relying on its innovation foundation advantages to accelerate the cultivation of new engines of economic growth. In 2023, the Grand Corridor will achieve an industrial added value of 350 billion yuan, of which the added value contribution rate of high-tech industries will account for more than 85%.

  5.4 Beijing's "Star Valley" helps realize the dream of becoming a space power

  Along Beiqing Road, north of Houchang Village and south of Dongyu River in Beijing's Zhongguancun, many commercial satellite and industrial chain companies are scattered around, gathered in a hot land called "Star Valley". A batch of commercial satellites flew out from here and flew into space, creating many highlights in commercial aerospace.

  "3, 2, 1, ignition!" On April 28, 2024, at the Aerospace Technology Company located in Beijing's "Star Valley", the krypton gas electric propulsion engine specially designed for space satellites is conducting ignition tests in the intelligent manufacturing workshop.

  Liu Tongbo, R&D director of Aerospace Technology, said that this independently developed new energy engine specifically for satellites can save 90% of propellant and reduce satellite mass by 40%, and can help satellites enter orbit quickly with high reliability, high efficiency and low cost.

  Aerospace Technology, the technology company behind this technology, has only been established for 6 years, but has already achieved many leading positions in terms of on-orbit orders, product delivery, number of applications, and technology maturity. And this is just a microcosm of Beijing's "Star Valley" dream of pursuing space.

  Beijing is one of the birthplaces of China's aerospace industry. In Beijing's Haidian District, where the "Star Valley" is located, there are many institutions such as Aerospace Science and Technology, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is the main carrier of the "North Star" in Beijing's "Southern Arrow and Northern Star" industrial layout. There are nearly 200 commercial aerospace industry chain companies and institutions here, and a full industry chain ecosystem covering satellite development, satellite measurement and control, satellite operations, and other satellite-related industries has been initially formed.

  We persist in tackling the most cutting-edge technologies, target "bottleneck" areas and industry gaps, build core competitiveness with technological innovation, and shape the unique advantages of "Star Valley".

  Jiang Ke, chairman of Zhongguancun Yigu (Beijing) Technology Service Co., Ltd., the operator of "Star Valley", said that the companies in "Star Valley" have not been established for a long time, but many of them have "taken small steps and run fast" and completed the leap from "village high-tech" to "national high-tech" in just a few years.

  With its performance rising steadily and annual operating income exceeding 500 million yuan, Guoke Tiancheng has tasted the sweetness of independent research and development. Not long ago, its independently developed infrared components received urgent orders from overseas markets due to their extremely high cost performance.

  The popularity of the products is closely related to the company's deep cultivation in the optoelectronics field and its emphasis on independent research and development. Luo Juedian, chairman of Guoke Tiancheng, said that the road to innovation is a marathon with no end. Only by moving forward step by step can we achieve breakthroughs one after another.

  The mechanism innovation of trial and error and the proactive service of taking a step forward will allow the innovation subjects to focus on their development without distractions. In 2024, Beijing issued the Action Plan for Accelerating the Innovation and Development of Commercial Space (2024-2028), and Haidian District issued the Action Plan for Building a Commercial Space Innovation Highland (2024-2028), coordinating the resources at both the city and district levels to promote the improvement of the industrial chain, the opening of application scenarios, and the optimization of the innovation ecosystem.

  Targeting key core areas such as satellite networking and communications, aerospace remote sensing and monitoring, Beijing has established the Beijing Natural Science Foundation Commercial Space Joint Fund to support original innovation. The total fund size has reached 380 million yuan. Currently, 39 enterprises from 7 districts in Beijing have participated.

  The influence of "Star Valley" is expanding day by day, consolidating the new advantages of regional development. Today, Beijing Haidian is moving towards the new goal of "double hundred and double thousand" - striving to build 1 million square meters of industrial space by 2028, cultivate 100 specialized and new enterprises, the number of satellites in orbit exceeds 1,000, and the scale of commercial aerospace industry exceeds 100 billion yuan, so as to accelerate the realization of innovative breakthroughs in the field of aerospace information technology and contribute new strength to the dream of becoming a space power.

  5.5 China Optics Valley is unique in the field of optoelectronic information industry

  Wuhan East Lake Hi-tech Zone, founded in 1988, is the birthplace of China's first optical fiber and a national optoelectronic information industry base. It is known as the "China Optical Valley" for its outstanding scale and innovation capabilities. At present, there are 16,000 optoelectronic information companies gathered here, covering the entire industry chain of optical core, screen, terminal and network extending from optical fiber applications, with a regional GDP of over 270 billion yuan.

  Many "firsts" were born here, such as the country's first 400G coherent commercial silicon photonic transceiver chip, the world's leading 232-layer three-dimensional flash memory chip, and the country's first industrial fiber laser with a maximum power of 100,000 watts.

  A single optical fiber has created a world-class optoelectronic information industry base. "China Optics Valley" focuses on "light" leadership, is determined to make breakthroughs in "cores", promotes the rise of "screens", promotes the growth of "terminals", strengthens "network" empowerment, and implements plans to build, supplement and extend supply chains to create an industrial cluster with international competitiveness.

  Targeting core technologies, a group of optoelectronic information companies located in the "China Optics Valley" have strengthened their awareness of independent innovation and paved the way with standards. They not only lead the Chinese market, but also successfully enter overseas markets and firmly grasp the initiative in industrial development.

  Wuhan Accelink Technologies Co., Ltd. is one of the largest suppliers of optical communication devices in China and a high-tech enterprise focusing on the systematic and strategic research and development of optoelectronic devices. The company's R&D personnel seized the trend of optical fiber communication bandwidth evolving towards the C++ band and developed optical fiber amplifier products in 2020, setting international standards in this field.

  China Information and Communications Technology Group, through its insistence on independent research and development, has more than 20,000 patents, 90% of which are invention patents. It has led the formulation of more than 80 relevant international standards and cultivated a team of standard talents with international vision and technical expertise.

  The "China Optics Valley" is committed to building a number of scientific research infrastructures, gathering talents from all over the world, establishing an innovative ecosystem, and creating an open and shared scientific research center. Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory is one of them.

  "Scientific and technological innovation must go from '0 to 1', and more importantly, achieve breakthroughs from '1 to 10'." Ding Qichao, director of Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory, introduced that the laboratory has built industry-leading compound semiconductor infrastructure, including a 9,000-square-meter clean room and first-class compound semiconductor processes, testing, and material platforms.

  Currently, hundreds of projects are running here at the same time, focusing not only on uniting academia and industry to conduct cutting-edge exploration and technical breakthroughs around the bottlenecks of common key technologies, but also on breaking through the breakpoints in the entire industrial chain and promoting the integrated development of industry, academia and research.

  Here, incubation acceleration and manufacturing bases have also emerged. To the south of Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory, R&D office buildings, pilot workshops, clean workshops, conference centers, talent apartments and other facilities have started construction, and the "government, industry, academia, research, finance and services" innovation community is expected to bear fruit again.

  5.6 China Western Science and Technology Innovation Port builds a "university without walls"

  At the Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port of Xi'an Jiaotong University, the research and development platform of the New Energy Storage and Energy Conversion Nanomaterials Research Center is conducting experiments on a variety of energy storage and energy conversion materials. Since its establishment, this shared technology platform has not only achieved a number of technological breakthroughs, but has also incubated five new energy companies, covering lithium batteries, sodium batteries, hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and other fields.

  Xi'an 1908 New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. is one of them. This high-tech enterprise, which was established based on the transformation of original scientific and technological achievements of Xi'an Jiaotong University, has developed a series of new high-density solid-state hydrogen storage materials to solve the pain points of the hydrogen energy storage and transportation industry. It can meet the needs of long-term storage and long-distance transportation of hydrogen, and can be widely used in industrial hydrogen supply, electric power, mobile applications and other scenarios. Its technology is at the forefront of the world.

  "Emerging companies cannot live without the support of universities in the early stages of development." Cheng Yonghong, the company's founder and professor at Xi'an Jiaotong University, said that before the pilot platform was built and put into use, the company had been working in a residential area separated from the Innovation Port by a wall, in order to ensure seamless connection of personnel, information and other factors. In these aspects, Xi'an Jiaotong University plays an important supporting role.

  China Western Science and Technology Innovation Port is an important platform for Shaanxi Province and Xi'an Jiaotong University to actively integrate into the "Belt and Road" initiative, implement innovation-driven development, and promote the development of the western region. The first phase of the port, located in Xixian New Area of ​​Xi'an, consists of a platform area, a college area and an incubation area. The platform area has established 8 platforms, 30 research institutes and more than 300 scientific research platforms in the four major directions of science, engineering, medicine and liberal arts, bringing together 30,000 scientific and technological talents.

  As a powerful carrier for Xi'an Jiaotong University's exploration of the concept of "breaking down walls to run a university", China's Western Science and Technology Innovation Port is actively exploring a new model of deep integration of industry, academia and research with "one center, one incubation, two focuses and one sharing", striving to gather global innovation resources, focus on national development strategies, connect with local industrial needs, introduce various types of financial capital, cultivate a good innovation ecology, and train outstanding innovative talents. So far, it has carried out pragmatic cooperation with more than 170 leading enterprises and research institutes.

  More explorations are being promoted: Emphasis on systematic and task-oriented innovation consortiums, anchoring major goals, and making the connection between academia and industry closer. By introducing financial capital, we will establish technology achievement transformation incubators carried by large enterprises, so as to achieve "mature a batch, incubate a batch". We will give full play to the attractiveness of "double first-class" universities, establish a mechanism for the introduction, training and use of overseas high-end talents jointly by schools and enterprises, and strive to achieve school recruitment, enterprise supply, government assistance, and a win-win situation for all parties.

  "In the innovation alliance, the university and the enterprise have broken the traditional cooperation model of 'Party A and Party B, one project, one contract, and one fund' by forming a team of 'scientists + engineers', and accelerated the deep integration of industry, academia, and research led by enterprises," said Lu Jianjun, Secretary of the Party Committee of Xi'an Jiaotong University.

  Since 2021, Xi'an Jiaotong University has sorted out 1,300 easily transformable results from more than 30,000 existing technological achievements and pushed them to enterprises. The school has transferred and licensed more than 1,000 patents and has transformed 204 technology-based enterprises.

  5.7 Shandong accelerates the integration of digital and real industries to promote industrial digitalization

  In the assembly workshop of Weichai Group's No. 1 Factory in Weifang High-tech Industrial Development Zone, industrial robots are "flying" rapidly and automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are running around. From material delivery to online testing and production rhythm improvement, real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment are carried out, and the automation rate of equipment has reached 99%. On the electronic display screens that can be seen everywhere, the numbers reflecting the production progress continue to jump, and on average, a diesel engine rolls off the production line every 85 seconds.

  As one of the first batch of national intelligent manufacturing pilot demonstration projects, Weichai is accelerating the integration and application of new generation information technology and manufacturing. Many intelligent manufacturing technologies such as visual recognition, online detection, and robots are widely used in the production process; the information support platform is like a "digital brain", covering the entire life cycle of the product, not only promoting the intelligentization, automation, and digitization of production, but also extending to the entire enterprise operation.

  Weichai is a typical representative of Shandong's efforts to accelerate the integration of digital and real industries, promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries, and develop new quality productivity.

  In recent years, Shandong has issued a series of policies, including the "Opinions on Accelerating the High-Quality Development of the Digital Economy" and the "Action Plan for the Digital Transformation of Shandong Manufacturing Industry (2022-2025)", established the first national digital transformation promotion center for small and medium-sized enterprises, launched the "Ten Major Projects" for digital industrialization and the "Eight Major Actions" for industrial digitalization, strengthened the construction of a digital talent team, and initiated the establishment of a 10 billion yuan special fund at the provincial level. The number of national industrial Internet platforms, industrial digitalization index, manufacturing digital transformation index, and digital-reality integration index are all among the best in the country.

  Building an industrial Internet platform is an important means to promote the digitalization of industries. Shandong continues to carry out the "Industrial Empowerment of Shandong" special action, accelerates the large-scale application of the industrial Internet, and strives to create a number of typical scenarios to drive the digital transformation of enterprises in batches.

  In Linqing City, Liaocheng, known as the "Hometown of Bearings in China", relying on the industrial Internet platform, the city's bearing industry has more than 400 "cloud" enterprises and more than 5,000 sets of equipment. The average labor and energy consumption of related enterprises have decreased by 20%, and their competitiveness has been greatly enhanced.

  At present, Shandong has 47 national-level industrial Internet platforms, and the provincial-level and above platforms have connected to more than 10 million industrial equipment and serve more than 3 million enterprises across the country.

  In order to realize the data aggregation, communication and use among the government, industry and enterprises, Shandong has vigorously promoted the construction of "Industrial Brain". At present, Shandong has cultivated 32 provincial "Industrial Brains". The provincial capability center of "Industrial Brain" has gathered 957 "small, fast, light and accurate" products and solutions, serving 49,500 small and medium-sized enterprises. The "Industrial Brain" of Shandong special vehicle complete vehicle built by Inspur Yunzhou has reduced the matching time of raw material supply and demand in the industry by 70%, and the production cost of many special vehicle parts has dropped by nearly a quarter.

  At the same time, Shandong continues to promote digital infrastructure. By the end of 2023, Shandong will have built and opened 202,000 5G base stations, 11,800 kilometers of deterministic networks, access to 29 national top nodes for industrial Internet identity resolution, and 230 million registered IoT terminals.

  In 2023, the digital transformation coverage rate of industrial enterprises above designated size in Shandong Province will reach 87.3%, and the penetration rate of industrial Internet applications in characteristic industrial clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises will reach 50%. Shandong plans to achieve a digital transformation coverage rate of about 90% for industrial enterprises above designated size in the province by 2024, and a digital economy share of more than 50% of the province's GDP by 2025.

  5.8 Chongqing’s Practice in New Energy Vehicle Industry

  In mid-April 2024, German Chancellor Scholz visited China, and his first stop was Chongqing, a municipality directly under the central government in southwest China. He visited Bosch Hydrogen Power Systems (Chongqing) Co., Ltd. with executives from automobile companies such as Mercedes-Benz and BMW.

  As an important city in China's automobile industry, Chongqing has seized the opportunity of the new energy vehicle industry in recent years and focused on building a new energy vehicle innovation highland. It has formed a full industry chain "map" based on 16 new energy vehicle companies and about 200 large-scale supporting companies, covering all technical routes such as pure electric, extended-range, hybrid, and hydrogen power, and integrating technologies such as intelligent networking and autonomous driving.

  In 2023, Bosch Hydrogen Powertrain (Chongqing) Co., Ltd. will ship more than 1,000 hydrogen powertrain products, ranking first in China. Based on these achievements, Qingling Motors, one of its parent companies, has launched hydrogen-powered commercial vehicles of different specifications ranging from 4.5 tons to 18 tons, taking the lead in promoting the industrialization of cutting-edge technologies.

  Walking into Changan Automobile's global R&D center, new energy vehicles with both a sense of technology and high appearance are lined up in order, and the latest scientific and technological achievements such as the all-electric digital platform and the high-computing central computing platform are also displayed. Zhu Huarong, chairman of Changan Automobile, said that the company has continued to increase its investment in research and development over the years and has mastered more than 600 technologies in the fields of intelligent interconnection and intelligent driving.

  In the process of building a highland for new energy vehicle innovation, Chongqing realized that it not only requires intensive cultivation and overtaking by vehicle and supporting enterprises, but also requires the support of ICT and Internet companies. Aiming at the development trend of cross-industry cooperation, Chongqing has introduced companies such as Huawei and Baidu in recent years to promote the trial and demonstration of cutting-edge technologies, which has effectively driven the development of the industry.

  Open the mobile app and "summon" it with one click. A driverless car will come immediately, take the passengers to their destination and leave on its own... Such smart travel scenes are played out every day in Yongchuan District, Chongqing. In 2022, Baidu took the lead in launching fully unmanned autonomous driving commercial operations in Yongchuan, and promoted the implementation of the industry with scene applications, attracting more than 10 companies such as Coolwa Technology and Jusu Millimeter Wave Radar to gather together.

  Technological innovation improves product competitiveness - In the first quarter of 2024, Chongqing's new energy vehicle production increased by more than 100% year-on-year, and the annual production is expected to reach 1 million vehicles. Among them, Chongqing Seres Automobile achieved a quarterly profit of 220 million yuan for the first time. Thanks to the joint creation of the high-end brand AITO with Huawei, Huawei's automotive software and hardware technologies have blossomed in Seres Automobile, and the cumulative sales of the AITO brand have reached nearly 300,000 units, of which the cumulative delivery of the new AITO M7 model has exceeded 120,000 units.

  "Currently, Chongqing is continuously making efforts in many aspects, such as vehicle R&D and manufacturing, supporting key components and application scenarios, and building charging and swapping infrastructure, to create a trillion-yuan intelligent connected new energy vehicle industry cluster." A relevant person in charge of the Chongqing Municipal Economic and Information Commission said that Chongqing is also actively promoting innovative applications of autonomous driving and vehicle networking, accelerating the deep integration of software, artificial intelligence and the automotive industry, and accumulating strength for the future development of the automotive industry.

  5.9 Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area builds an active technology cluster

  Thanks to the Guangzhou Tianhe-2 supercomputer and efficient and high-precision algorithm technical analysis, Associate Professor Lin Zanyu of the University of Hong Kong can more easily track the origin, spread and evolution of important pathogens in massive pathogen genetic data and other epidemiological and ecological data.

  Also with the help of Guangzhou supercomputer, Professor Gan Jianping's team from the Ocean Dynamics and Simulation Research Group of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology developed a new three-dimensional, high-resolution multi-scale ocean circulation model of the China Sea, and achieved major breakthroughs in scientific research results.

  "In the past five years, more than 200 teachers at HKUST have used the Guangzhou Supercomputing Center. The platform provided by the Guangzhou Supercomputing Center allows us to do things that we could not do before," said Gao Min, Dean of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology's Henry Fok Graduate School.

  The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is densely populated with scientific and technological innovation resources and active innovation and entrepreneurship. In recent years, the three places have worked together to promote the construction of the Greater Bay Area International Science and Technology Innovation Center and the Comprehensive National Science Center, promote the efficient connection of innovation elements, continuously enhance innovation efficiency, and vigorously develop innovative industries, and continuously release the "Bay Area power" of scientific and technological innovation.

  At the Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering (Guangzhou), the Greater Bay Area's marine science and technology forces are collaborating. The laboratory is headquartered in Nansha, Guangzhou, and has established branches in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, with RMB 38 million allocated to the Hong Kong branch.

  "The scientific and technological exchanges between Hong Kong and the mainland are constantly expanding, and all parties are creating conditions to encourage Hong Kong scientific and technological workers to participate in mainland scientific and technological programs." said Qian Peiyuan, director of the Hong Kong branch of the laboratory and founding director of the Department of Ocean Science at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.

  The collaborative talent attraction has also been fast-forwarded. The Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone has leveraged the advantages of the systems and resources of Hengqin and Macao to explore a new model of collaborative talent attraction, making full use of the talent "reservoir" of the University of Macau and the Macau University of Science and Technology, and introducing and gathering a group of talents with high professional qualities, familiar with international market operations, and aspiring to innovate and start businesses.

  Cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have their own outstanding advantages. Guangzhou is home to many universities and research institutes, with outstanding basic research capabilities. It has major national platforms such as national laboratories, comprehensive national technology innovation centers, and national major scientific and technological infrastructure. Shenzhen has outstanding advantages in corporate strength, with 94% of the society's R&D investment coming from enterprises. Hong Kong has five of the world's top 100 universities. The SAR government has announced the "Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Development Blueprint" and has invested more than HK$200 billion in the past few years to accelerate the vigorous development of the innovation ecosystem.

  Thanks to the complementary advantages between cities, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area continues to stimulate the huge potential for the development of science and technology clusters. The 2023 edition of the Global Innovation Index (GII) "Science and Technology Clusters" ranking released by the World Intellectual Property Organization in September 2023 shows that the Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou cluster ranks second, which is also the fourth consecutive year that the science and technology cluster has ranked second in the world.

  At present, the connection of rules and mechanism of scientific and technological innovation in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao is being further deepened, actively promoting the transit of money, the flow of people, the balance of taxes and the flow of goods, so as to better gather innovation elements. This also means that under the "one country, two systems", the interaction and openness between different systems and systems will be promoted, and more chemical reactions will be generated, so that the Greater Bay Area can achieve better integrated development in basic scientific research, applied technology and other aspects.

  5.10 Chengdu and Chongqing jointly build the Western Science City and strive to form an innovation highland

  "At present, the platform has put 272 sets of instruments and equipment online, released 232 technical service lists, and provided thousands of professional services to more than 100 integrated circuit design companies from Chengdu, Chongqing and across the country." said the person in charge of the Enterprise Operation and Development Center of the Tianfu New Area Integrated Circuit Design Innovation Public Platform.

  This public platform located in the Western (Chengdu) Science City, known as the "Chip Hospital", can help companies solve technical problems in concept verification, product development, and pilot production, allowing chip companies in Chengdu and Chongqing to significantly reduce R&D costs and shorten R&D cycles.

  In the four years since the proposal of building the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle, the two places have jointly built the Western Science City at a high level, focusing on building a science and technology innovation center with national influence.

  In recent years, the Western (Chengdu) Science City has formed a spatial layout of "one core, four districts and multiple bases", built a high-level laboratory system of "national laboratory + provincial laboratory + key laboratory", accelerated the construction of the first national laboratory in the west, and built a large device cluster with related disciplines and mutually supportive functions. The Western (Chongqing) Science City has focused on building four major scientific and technological innovation highlands, namely digital technology, life and health, new materials, and green and low-carbon, and has deepened its development in 16 important fields such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, and big data.

  Focusing on the joint construction of the Western Science City, Chengdu and Chongqing are moving towards each other, emphasizing the improvement and strengthening of the core functions of innovation source transformation, and cultivating and expanding the modern industrial system. A new pattern in which innovative resources are constantly gathered and innovative vitality is actively bursting out has taken shape.

  First, we will coordinate the layout of major innovation platforms. By the end of March this year, Sichuan and Chongqing had 27 national key laboratories, 319 major science and technology platforms, 22 new national science and technology innovation bases, and 316 national innovation platforms. At present, tens of thousands of large-scale instruments and equipment in the Western Science City have been open for sharing, and Sichuan and Chongqing have jointly implemented more than 160 core technology research projects, overcoming a number of difficult problems.

  Second, complementary advantages deepened the cooperation between industry and research. Enterprises in Sichuan Tianfu New Area jointly carried out 9 scientific research projects with Chongqing scientific research institutes, among which Aerospace Science and Industry Big Data and Yuanwang Exploration Company received support for Chengdu regional cooperation science and technology projects; Chengdu Supercomputing Center has established cooperative relations with more than 50 users including Chongqing Green Intelligence Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chongqing Seres Automobile.

  The third is to highlight the characteristics and focus on scientific and technological services. Chengdu and Chongqing regard scientific and technological services as an important means to promote technological innovation and achievement transformation. For example, the Tianfu International Technology Transfer Center cooperated with the Liangjiang New District Mingyue Lake Collaborative Innovation Research Institute to further innovate and explore in linking resources between the two places and promoting the interconnection of factors.

  Driven by the joint construction of the Western Science City, the energy for transformation of scientific and technological achievements in Sichuan and Chongqing is being fully released. The two places have gathered nearly 70,000 technology-based enterprises and 21,000 high-tech enterprises, and the registered transaction volume of technology contracts has exceeded 280 billion yuan.

  Conclusion

  Since its birth, the Communist Party of China has represented the requirements for the development of China's advanced productive forces and shouldered the historical mission of transforming old production relations and establishing new ones.

  Developing new quality productivity is an inherent requirement and an important focus for promoting high-quality development. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has regarded further liberating and developing social productivity as the most fundamental and urgent task for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and has guided China's economy into a stage of high-quality development. In the inevitable logical advancement of developing new quality productivity, achieving high-quality development, and building a socialist modern country, the formation and development of new quality productivity will provide important support for China to adapt to the trend of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, strive to achieve sustainable leapfrog development of social productivity, promote Chinese-style modernization with high-quality development, and build a socialist modern power in an all-round way.

  Productivity is the fundamental driving force for the development of human society. In the face of the common challenges facing global development, new-quality productivity will open up new ideas and new space for the development of productivity in human society, which will not only promote China's own modernization, but also benefit the modernization process of developing countries and even the entire human society.

  Notes

  [1] “Xi Jinping stressed at the 11th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that we should accelerate the development of new productive forces and solidly promote high-quality development,” Xinhua News Agency, February 1, 2024.

  [2] “Xi Jinping stressed at the 11th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that we should accelerate the development of new productive forces and solidly promote high-quality development,” Xinhua News Agency, February 1, 2024.

  [3] Collected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 7, People’s Publishing House, December 2009

  [4] Capital: Volume 1, People’s Publishing House, April 2018

  [5] Review of Contemporary Chinese Marxism (Volume 2), Social Sciences Academic Press, April 2018

  [6] The Communist Manifesto, People’s Publishing House, January 2015

  [7] Selected Works of Mao Zedong, Volume 7, People’s Publishing House, June 1999

  [8] Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Volume 3, People’s Publishing House, April 2001

  [9] “Xi Jinping: We must truly align our thinking with the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee,” Xinhua News Agency, December 31, 2013

  [10] “Xi Jinping stressed that science and technology are the primary productive force, talent is the primary resource, and innovation is the primary driving force,” Xinhua News Agency, October 16, 2022

  [11] “Xi Jinping stressed at the 11th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that we should encourage the whole Party to study and master historical materialism so as to better understand the laws and advance work more proactively,” Xinhua News Agency, December 4, 2013.

  [12] “Xi Jinping stressed at the 11th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that we should accelerate the development of new productive forces and solidly promote high-quality development,” Xinhua News Agency, February 1, 2024.

  [13] The Complete Works of Marx and Engels (Volume 3), People’s Publishing House, October 2002

  [14] “Xi Jinping: Speech at the Conference Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of Karl Marx’s Birth”, Xinhua News Agency, May 4, 2018

  [15] “Xi Jinping: Hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and work together to build a modern socialist country in an all-round way—Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” Xinhua News Agency, October 25, 2022.

  [16] National Bureau of Statistics: Statistical Communiqué of the People’s Republic of China on National Economic and Social Development in 2023, February 2024

  [17] “Xi Jinping stressed at the 11th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that we should accelerate the development of new productive forces and solidly promote high-quality development,” Xinhua News Agency, February 1, 2024.

  [18] Selected Works of Marx and Engels, People’s Publishing House, 2009

  [19] Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (three volumes), People’s Publishing House, 1994

  [20] “Xi Jinping stressed during his inspection tour in Hunan that we must persist in reform and innovation, seek truth from facts and work hard to write a chapter of Hunan’s Chinese-style modernization; Cai Qi accompanied him on the inspection tour,” Xinhua News Agency, March 21, 2024

  [21] “Xi Jinping: Speech at the 19th General Assembly of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 14th General Assembly of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” Xinhua News Agency, May 28, 2018.

  [22] “Xi Jinping stressed at the third collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that we must strengthen basic research and lay a solid foundation for scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement,” Xinhua News Agency, February 22, 2023

  [23] “Xi Jinping presided over a symposium on promoting the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China in the new era and stressed: firmly grasp the important mission of Northeast China and strive to write a new chapter in the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China. Cai Qi, Ding and Xue Xiang attended the symposium,” Xinhua News Agency, September 9, 2023.

  [24] “Xi Jinping stressed during the Jiangsu delegation review: Develop new quality productivity in accordance with local conditions”, Xinhua News Agency, March 5, 2024

  [25] “Xi Jinping stressed at the 11th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that we should accelerate the development of new productive forces and solidly promote high-quality development,” Xinhua News Agency, February 1, 2024.

  [26] “Xi Jinping: Speech at the Economic and Social Experts Symposium”, Xinhua News Agency, August 24, 2020

  [27] “Xi Jinping stressed at the 11th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that we should accelerate the development of new productive forces and solidly promote high-quality development,” Xinhua News Agency, February 1, 2024.

  [28] “Xi Jinping stressed at the 11th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that we should accelerate the development of new productive forces and solidly promote high-quality development,” Xinhua News Agency, February 1, 2024.

  [29] “Xi Jinping stressed at the 11th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that we should accelerate the development of new productive forces and solidly promote high-quality development,” Xinhua News Agency, February 1, 2024.

  [30] “Xi Jinping stressed at the 11th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that we should accelerate the development of new productive forces and solidly promote high-quality development,” Xinhua News Agency, February 1, 2024.

  [31] “Xi Jinping presided over the second meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms and stressed the need to build a new open economic system at a higher level and promote the gradual shift from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of carbon emissions,” Xinhua News Agency, July 11, 2023.

  [32] “Xi Jinping’s keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation”, Xinhua News Agency, October 18, 2023

  [33] “Xi Jinping accepts credentials from new foreign ambassadors to China,” Xinhua News Agency, January 30, 2024

  [34] “Bloomberg: China will be the largest contributor to global economic growth in the next five years, exceeding the G7,” Xinhua News Agency, April 20, 2024.

  [35] “Foreign media: Exaggerating China’s ‘green overcapacity’ threatens global energy transition”, Xinhua News Agency, April 22, 2024

  [36] “China’s Economic Fundamentals in the World Coordinates”, Xinhua News Agency, February 8, 2024

  [37] “Building China’s economy towards a ‘new’ force and jointly building a prosperous and beautiful world – General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important remarks on developing new quality productivity sparked heated discussions among overseas people”, Xinhua News Agency, March 6, 2024

  [38] “Xi Jinping’s keynote speech at the High-level Dialogue between the Communist Party of China and World Political Parties”, Xinhua News Agency, March 15, 2023

  [39] “Xi Jinping stressed the need to develop new productivity in accordance with local conditions when attending the Jiangsu delegation review,” Xinhua News Agency, March 5, 2024.

  Glossary

  1. National Laboratory System

  It refers to a platform system with national laboratories as the core, national key laboratories as the support, and various scientific and technological innovation bases cooperating and interacting in a benign manner. To build a national laboratory system with a reasonable structure and efficient operation, on the one hand, we must be guided by national goals and strategic needs, accelerate the construction of national laboratories, and establish an interdisciplinary and large-scale collaborative scientific research organization model; on the other hand, we must optimize and integrate existing national key laboratories, and enhance the support capabilities of the innovation chain and industrial chain through adjustment, enrichment, integration, and cancellation.

  2. Future Industries

  It refers to a forward-looking emerging industry that is driven by cutting-edge scientific and technological innovation, is currently in its infancy or early stages of industrialization, has great development potential to grow into a leading and pillar industry, and plays a significant leading and transformative role in future economic and social development.

  3. Modern infrastructure system

  It refers to an organic whole with a complete facility network, strong hub node support, advanced equipment and technology, and efficient management and services formed on the basis of infrastructure development in various fields through improving layout, optimizing structure, expanding functions and system integration, centered on promoting Chinese-style modernization, ensuring overall national security, and building new advantages in international competition. It mainly includes transportation, energy, water conservancy, information (digital), ecology, environment, science and technology, finance and other infrastructure.

  4. New infrastructure

  It is based on information networks and driven by technological innovation, providing basic and public services in digital transformation, intelligent upgrading, integrated innovation, etc. Its connotation is constantly expanding with the mature application of new technologies. Currently, it mainly includes three categories: First, information infrastructure. It mainly refers to the infrastructure generated based on the evolution of new generation information technology, including 5G networks, data centers and other infrastructure. Second, integrated infrastructure. It mainly refers to the new form of infrastructure formed by the deep application of information technology to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional infrastructure, including intelligent transportation and logistics facilities. Third, innovative infrastructure. It mainly refers to the infrastructure that supports scientific research, technological development, product and service development, including scientific research facilities.

  5. Industrial Innovation Project

  It refers to an important means to promote the development of emerging industries and future industries. Focusing on actual needs such as major engineering project construction, strategic product development, and application scenario expansion, it organizes and implements key core technology research, pilot verification capability building, and independent innovation product application demonstration. It integrates the allocation of innovative resources such as projects, bases, talents, and funds, promotes innovation and integration among upstream, midstream, and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain, and large, medium, and small enterprises, to create an emerging industrial cluster with global competitiveness, and truly implement innovation to create new growth points.

  6. National Strategic Emerging Industry Cluster Development Project

  It refers to a systematic project deployed and promoted by the state to seize the commanding heights of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation and build new advantages in international competition. By cultivating a number of strategic emerging industry bases with global influence, deploying a number of strategic emerging industry clusters with international competitiveness, and guiding local construction and development of strategic emerging industry ecosystems with distinctive characteristics, it promotes the integrated, clustered and ecological development of strategic emerging industries, cultivates and expands new growth points and growth poles, and builds a hierarchical development system of strategic emerging industry clusters with distinctive characteristics, complementary advantages and reasonable structure.

  7. “AI+” Action

  The "AI+" action promotes the deep integration of AI technology with various economic and social fields, supports application innovation in various industries, enables the intelligent transformation and upgrading of various industries, improves production efficiency, stimulates innovation vitality, reshapes the industrial ecology, cultivates new momentum for economic development, and forms a broader new form of economic and social development with AI as an innovation factor.

  8. Counting here and there

  In 2022, in accordance with the deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, focusing on the implementation of major national regional development strategies, and based on the energy structure, industrial layout, market development, climate and environment, national computing hub nodes will be built in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Chengdu-Chongqing, as well as Inner Mongolia, Guizhou, Gansu, Ningxia and other places, and data center clusters will be developed to guide the intensive, large-scale and green development of data centers. The "East Data West Computing" project is to coordinate the construction of computing infrastructure in an integrated manner across the country, which is conducive to giving full play to the advantages of the system and mechanism, optimizing the allocation of computing resources, and deepening the coordination of computing power between the east and the west.

  9. “Data Element ×” Action

  It means focusing on key industries and fields, promoting the coordination of data elements with labor, capital, technology and other factors, promoting the multi-scenario application of data and multi-subject reuse, accelerating the integration of diversified data, improving total factor productivity, opening up new space for economic growth, and cultivating new momentum for economic development.

  10. Market access construction for unmanned systems in all space including sea, land and air

  The full-space unmanned system for sea, land and air is a new logistics and transportation system that integrates the operation and supervision of various unmanned equipment on land, sea and air, such as drones, unmanned vehicles, unmanned ships, electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft, and their supporting infrastructure. Improve market access rules, systematically build systems and mechanisms such as policies and regulations for unmanned systems, standard testing and certification, data management, and operation supervision, optimize the allocation of airspace resources, data computing power, communication frequency, road rights allocation, and national space, and form new momentum for the integrated development of low-altitude economy, logistics and transportation, and vehicle-road collaboration. In January 2022, with the approval of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission promoted the construction of the full-space unmanned system for sea, land and air in the form of special market access measures. In September 2023, Hefei City, Anhui Province, completed the world's first city-level application demonstration project for the full-space unmanned system. According to relevant work arrangements, a number of technical standards for the full-space unmanned system for sea, land and air will be released in 2024, and a testing and certification platform will be built to promote demonstration experience in Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone, Guangzhou Nansha New District and other places.

  references

  1. Han Wenxiu, “Consolidating and strengthening the positive trend of economic recovery”, People’s Daily, January 2024

  2. National Development and Reform Commission, “Accelerating the construction of a unified national market to provide strong support for building a new development pattern”, Qiushi, June 2022

  3. Huai Jinpeng, “Accelerating the Construction of an Education Powerhouse”, People’s Daily, December 2022

  4. Xi Jinping Economic Thought Research Center, “The Connotation, Characteristics and Development Priorities of New Productivity”, People’s Daily, March 2024

  5. Sun Xuegong and Rong Chen, “China’s new productivity injects new impetus into global development”, Guangming Daily, March 2024

  6. Lu Yanchun, "Strengthening the foundation of data factor driving and cultivating the data asset price chain", Price Theory and Practice, No. 3, 2023

  7. Hu Yongjun, “Forward-looking layout of future industries: advantageous conditions, practical exploration and policy orientation”, Reform, No. 9, 2023

  8. Zhang Yuzhe, “Accelerating the development of strategic emerging industry integration clusters”, Economic Daily, June 2024

  9. He Jun, "The Economic Essence and Core Propositions of New Productivity", People's Forum Magazine, 2024

  10. Yan Lianfu, “Coordinating education, science and technology talent work to promote the development of new quality productivity”, Guangming Daily, April 2024

  11. Chen Qiqing, “Improve and perfect the mechanism for production factors to participate in distribution”, People’s Daily Online, March 2020

  12. Liu Zhibiao, “Developing new quality productivity to inject new vitality into the world economy”, Guangming Daily, April 2024

  13. Wu Wen, “Accelerating the formation of new quality productivity is related to the overall situation of China’s modernization”, Beijing Daily, October 2023

  14. Xi Weijian, “New Productivity Will Change the Geopolitical Landscape”, Global Times, December 2023

  Writing instructions

  The research team of the think tank report "Better Empowering China to Prosper the World - Theoretical Contribution and Practical Value of New Productivity" is headed by Fu Hua, President of Xinhua News Agency and Director of the Academic Committee of Xinhua News Agency's National High-end Think Tank, Lv Yansong, Editor-in-Chief of Xinhua News Agency, and Ren Weidong, Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Xinhua News Agency, as Executive Deputy Leader. The research team members include Liu Gang, Zhang Xudong, Zou Wei, An Bei, Fu Yan, Cheng Yunjie, Yuan Junbao, Shang Yiying, Zhang Ziyun, Hu Zhe, Zhang Xinxin, Dai Xiaohe, Chen Weiwei, Li Yanxia, ​​He Huiyuan, Liang Jin, Chen Yongrong, Jia Yuankun, Zhang Manzi, Ma Xiaocheng, Wang Zichen, Zheng Xin, Huang Xing, Yang Siqi, Li Like, etc. The research team members are drawn from multiple departments of Xinhua News Agency and domestic branches, and are all backbone forces engaged in news reporting and research.

  Since the project was launched in September 2023, it has taken 9 months of study, research, writing, revision and proofreading. All members of the research team carefully studied General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of important expositions on new quality productivity, interviewed authoritative departments and institutions, experts and scholars, business people, scientific researchers, etc., sorted out the theoretical context and practical path of new quality productivity, excavated typical cases and vivid stories, carefully researched and wrote, and went through multiple versions of revisions, and solicited opinions from authoritative departments and relevant experts and scholars, and finally formed this report.

  Click the link below to download the report:

  Better empowering China to prosper the world: the theoretical contribution and practical value of new productivity

【Correction】 【Editor: Zhang Qiaosu】

 

 

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全文｜更好赋能中国繁荣世界——新质生产力的理论贡献和实践价值

来源：新华社研究院 2024-06-20 14:26:22

　　目 录

　　第一章 马克思主义生产力理论的创新发展

　　1.1 新质生产力的理论贡献

　　1.2 理解新质生产力需要把握的几对关系

　　1.3 发展新质生产力的时代意义

　　第二章 以科技创新为核心要素发展新质生产力

　　2.1 加强科技创新特别是原创性、颠覆性科技创新

　　2.2 以科技创新引领产业创新

　　2.3 因地制宜发展新质生产力

　　第三章 塑造适应新质生产力的新型生产关系

　　3.1进一步全面深化改革，促进新质生产力诸要素实现高效协同匹配

　　3.2 坚持高水平开放，打造一流营商环境

　　第四章 新质生产力的世界意义

　　4.1 为世界经济复苏注入新动力，分享发展机遇

　　4.2 探索新型生产关系，拓展经济治理新实践

　　4.3赋能中国式现代化，开拓人类文明新形态

　　第五章 各地发展新质生产力的探索实践

　　5.1 摘取造船工业“皇冠上的明珠”

　　5.2 安徽打造量子科创高地

　　5.3 杭州城西科创大走廊培育增长新引擎

　　5.4 北京“星谷”助力航天强国梦

　　5.5 在光电子信息产业领域独树一帜的“中国光谷”

　　5.6 中国西部科技创新港打造“没有围墙的大学”

　　5.7 山东加速数实融合推动产业数字化

　　5.8 新能源汽车产业的重庆实践

　　5.9 粤港澳大湾区建设活跃科技集群

　　5.10 成渝共建西部科学城努力形成创新高地

　　结 语

　　名词解释

　　参考文献

　　编写说明

　　2023年，习近平总书记在地方考察期间首次提出“新质生产力”这一重大概念。此后，在中央经济工作会议、中央政治局集体学习、全国两会和赴地方考察中，习近平总书记对新质生产力作出系统阐释和重大部署，深刻回答了“什么是新质生产力、为什么要发展新质生产力、怎样发展新质生产力”的重大问题。

　　习近平总书记关于发展新质生产力的一系列重要论述，是对马克思主义生产力理论的创新和发展，进一步丰富了习近平经济思想的内涵，为中国在新时代新征程上进一步解放和发展生产力、实现高质量发展、推进和拓展中国式现代化提供了根本遵循和行动指南，也将为中国和世界的繁荣发展注入新的智慧和动力。

　　第一章 马克思主义生产力理论的创新发展

　　“概括地说，新质生产力是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。”[1]

　　——习近平

　　1.1 新质生产力的理论贡献

　　1.1.1 新质生产力的基本内涵

　　2024年1月31日，中共中央政治局就扎实推进高质量发展进行集体学习，习近平总书记发表重要讲话，对新质生产力这一全新概念进行深入阐释——

　　“概括地说，新质生产力是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。它由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生，以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，以全要素生产率大幅提升为核心标志，特点是创新，关键在质优，本质是先进生产力。”

　　高质量发展是新时代的硬道理。中国进入新时代以来，中共中央作出一系列重大决策部署，推动高质量发展成为全党全社会的共识和自觉行动，成为经济社会发展的主旋律。近年来，科技创新成果丰硕，创新驱动发展成效日益显现；城乡区域发展协调性、平衡性明显增强；改革开放全面深化，发展动力活力竞相迸发；绿色低碳转型成效显著，发展方式转变步伐加快，高质量发展取得明显成效。同时，制约高质量发展因素还大量存在，要高度重视，切实解决。

　　习近平总书记指出，高质量发展需要新的生产力理论来指导，而新质生产力已经在实践中形成并展示出对高质量发展的强劲推动力、支撑力，需要我们从理论上进行总结、概括，用以指导新的发展实践。[2]

　　新质生产力是创新驱动主导的生产力。创新特别是原创性、颠覆性科技创新，在发展新质生产力中发挥关键作用。回顾历次产业革命，都是新的科学理论作为基础，由此带来新生产工具的出现、经济结构和发展方式的重大调整、社会生产生活方式的重要变革。技术革命性突破将推动劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升，进而实现生产力的大幅跃升。

　　新质生产力是变革增长方式的生产力。传统生产力推动的经济增长普遍依靠劳动资料、劳动对象和劳动者大量投入的水平型、复制型扩张，严重依赖要素投入。新质生产力致力于提高劳动者的素质与劳动效率、改进生产方式和生产工具，犹如建立一种新的“生产函数”，改变“自变量”要素投入与“因变量”产出之间的对应法则，带动全要素生产率大幅提升。

　　新质生产力是应用于产业的生产力。新质生产力以高质量供给满足和创造新需求，又通过新需求催生新产品、新服务、新产业，带来产业结构的变革。从产业发展梯次看，科技创新成果应用到具体产业和产业链上后，能够改造提升传统产业，培育壮大新兴产业，催生构建未来产业，推动产业的不断迭代升级。

　　新质生产力是实现绿色发展的生产力。新质生产力摆脱传统经济增长方式对传统资源、能源的过度依赖，是体现绿色发展理念的先进生产力质态，本身就是绿色生产力、可持续发展的环境友好型生产力。发展新质生产力意味着必须加快发展方式绿色转型，走生态优先、绿色发展之路。

　　1.1.2 对马克思主义生产力理论的创新和发展

　　生产力是人们改造自然、利用自然的能力，是推动社会进步最活跃、最革命的因素。

　　在马克思主义生产力理论产生前，亚当·斯密、大卫·李嘉图、弗里德里希·李斯特等西方经济学家，已经对生产力进行了研究和论述。

　　马克思、恩格斯对生产力进行了系统分析和深刻阐释。马克思在《资本论》中指出，“生产力，即生产能力及其要素的发展”[3]“劳动生产力是由多种情况决定的，其中包括：工人的平均熟练程度，科学的发展水平和它在工艺上应用的程度，生产过程的社会结合，生产资料的规模和效能，以及自然条件”。[4]恩格斯认为，生产力的本原是具有劳动能力的人和生产资料相结合而形成的改造自然的能力。[5]在《共产党宣言》中，马克思和恩格斯指出，无产阶级取得政权后，要“尽可能快地增加生产力的总量”[6]。

　　生产力理论是马克思主义经典理论。中国共产党始终坚持运用并结合自身实践不断发展马克思主义生产力理论。毛泽东同志明确指出，“社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力”。[7]邓小平同志提出，“社会主义的任务很多，但根本一条就是发展生产力”。[8]

　　中共十八大以来，习近平总书记高度重视生产力的作用，作出一系列重要论述，强调“全面建成小康社会，实现社会主义现代化，实现中华民族伟大复兴，最根本最紧迫的任务还是进一步解放和发展社会生产力”[9]“必须坚持科技是第一生产力、人才是第一资源、创新是第一动力，深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略，开辟发展新领域新赛道，不断塑造发展新动能新优势”[10]“坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，必须不断适应社会生产力发展调整生产关系”。[11]

　　面对快速变化的世界和中国，如果墨守成规、思想僵化，没有理论创新的勇气，就不能科学回答中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问。习近平总书记统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，准确洞察和把握世界科技和经济发展趋势，创造性提出发展新质生产力这一重大理论。习近平总书记指出，“发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点，必须继续做好创新这篇大文章，推动新质生产力加快发展”[12]。习近平总书记的一系列重要论述，系统阐明新质生产力的丰富内涵、核心要义、实践路径和科学方法，深刻回答了“什么是新质生产力、为什么要发展新质生产力、怎样发展新质生产力”等重大理论和实践问题，丰富和发展了马克思主义生产力理论，标志着中国共产党对生产力发展规律的认识达到新境界。

　　1.1.3 进一步丰富了习近平经济思想

　　马克思指出：“理论在一个国家实现的程度，总是取决于理论满足这个国家的需要的程度。”[13]

　　习近平经济思想植根中国发展的时空方位，在中国式现代化伟大实践中不断丰富发展，为中国经济高质量发展指明正确方向、提供根本遵循。习近平总书记关于新质生产力的重要论述，是习近平经济思想的最新成果，对新时代新征程推动高质量发展、推进中国式现代化具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义。

　　中共十八大以来，习近平总书记围绕中国经济发展提出一系列新理念新思想新战略，其中蕴含着内在统一的逻辑性。“经济发展新常态”构成了中国经济发展的基本语境，“高质量发展”提出了塑造中国未来发展的大逻辑，“新发展阶段”“新发展理念”“新发展格局”明确了中国发展的历史方位、现代化建设的指导原则和中国经济现代化的路径选择。“新质生产力”揭示了生产力演变规律，体现了生产力升级方向，旨在释放驱动高质量发展的新动力。

　　当前，全球科技创新进入空前密集活跃的时期。习近平总书记始终把握生产力发展大势，指引中国抓住新一轮科技革命和产业变革的机遇，不断推动生产关系变革适应生产力发展要求，确保中国经济巨轮乘风破浪、不断向前。

　　新质生产力理论的提出为习近平经济思想提供了重要的底层逻辑。习近平总书记强调“创新是引领发展的第一动力”，开宗明义、一语道破，指明经济社会发展的“牛鼻子”就是创新。“深化供给侧结构性改革”方面，当前改革的核心目标就是实现以科技创新推动产业创新。通过科技创新不断增加产品和服务的技术含量，更能适应人的物质需要和心理需要，让供给与需求出现一个新的更高水平的匹配度。习近平总书记强调推进“高质量发展”，明确建设“现代化经济体系”，提出加快建设“现代化产业体系”。创新发展依靠新质生产力来引领，现代化产业体系的根本特征在于形成新质生产力，现代化经济体系的核心竞争力体现为发展新质生产力。可以说，新质生产力的提出为这些重要概念提供了创新引领发展、以先进生产力赋能发展的底层逻辑，标志着习近平经济思想的进一步丰富和发展，进一步回答了新时代中国特色社会主义经济建设一系列重大问题，具有丰富的理论内涵和重要的实践价值，不断开拓着马克思主义政治经济学新境界。

　　发展新质生产力，根植于中国式现代化和社会主义经济建设的生动实践，反映了中国特色社会主义制度的巨大优势与生机活力，是社会主义根本任务在新时代新征程的具体体现，是以更先进的生产力推进高质量发展的必然选择。这也意味着中国将以更大决心走创新驱动发展之路，构筑新竞争优势、赢得发展主动权。

　　1.2 理解新质生产力需要把握的几对关系

　　1.2.1 生产力与生产关系

　　马克思主义政治经济学认为，生产力发展到一定阶段便与其现存的生产关系发生矛盾，当现有生产关系构成生产力发展的制约时，生产关系的变革成为必然，这种变革又反过来促进生产力的发展。

　　习近平总书记在纪念马克思诞辰200周年大会上发表重要讲话时指出，“学习马克思，就要学习和实践马克思主义关于生产力和生产关系的思想”“我们要勇于全面深化改革，自觉通过调整生产关系激发社会生产力发展活力，自觉通过完善上层建筑适应经济基础发展要求，让中国特色社会主义更加符合规律地向前发展”。[14]

　　中共十八大以来，中国在生产资料所有制、收入分配制度、社会主义市场经济体制等方面进行了一系列探索和实践，拓展了马克思主义政治经济学关于生产关系的理论，有力推动生产力发展。

　　发展新质生产力同样需要构建与之相适应的新型生产关系。这是一个推动新时代高质量发展的紧迫命题，需要在经济体制、科技体制等领域不断深化改革，着力打通束缚新质生产力发展的堵点卡点，让各类先进优质生产要素向发展新质生产力顺畅流动和高效配置。

　　1.2.2 供给与需求

　　新质生产力以平衡供给和需求为目标导向。供给和需求是经济发展的一体两面，两者之间平衡是相对的，不平衡是绝对的。以优质供给满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，是发展新质生产力的题中必有之义。

　　中共二十大报告提出，“把实施扩大内需战略同深化供给侧结构性改革有机结合起来”。[15]新质生产力形成的新产品、新服务、新产业，不断满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，将主动创造、激发并满足新的需求。与此同时，生产力不能脱离需求而单独存在，企业的产品或服务供给，必须通过交换转化为消费才具有意义。发展新质生产力必须以满足人的全面发展需要为导向，充分发挥需求对生产力发展的牵引功能。

　　当前和今后一个时期，制约中国经济发展的因素，供给和需求两侧都有，但矛盾的主要方面在供给侧。发展新质生产力，就是要发挥创新第一动力作用，着力突破供给约束堵点，以优质有效的供给满足和创造需求。在持续扩大内需、不断满足人民美好生活需要的过程中，要促进供给侧不断升级创新，推动新产业、新技术、新产品、新业态不断涌现，形成需求牵引供给、供给创造需求的更高水平动态平衡。

　　1.2.3 传承与创新

　　马克思主义认为，世界上的一切事物都处于运动和变化之中，劳动生产力总是在不断地变化。新质生产力也并非固定不变，而是动态生成、不断发展的。

　　苟日新，日日新，又日新。科技的不断进步，将推动新的生产力质态、产业业态次第产生。掌握发展新质生产力的主动权，必须密切跟踪科技前沿动态，把握科技发展趋势，推动原创性、颠覆性科技创新成果竞相涌现，持续形成发展新质生产力的新动能。

　　发展新质生产力要坚持从实际出发，先立后破、因地制宜。在科技创新上，要以形成现实生产力为基本导向，避免不切实际、“邯郸学步”；在产业发展上，要防止一哄而上、泡沫化，也要避免“黄钟毁弃，瓦釜雷鸣”。习近平总书记有一句形象生动的比喻：“不能把手里吃饭的家伙先扔了，结果新的吃饭家伙还没拿到手，这不行。”各地在积极培育战略性新兴产业、发展未来产业的同时，不能忽视、放弃传统产业。要将改造提升传统产业、培育壮大新兴产业、布局发展未来产业有机统一起来，科学统筹推进。当前，既要支持战略性新兴产业和未来产业发展，也要用新技术改造提升传统产业，向高端化、智能化、绿色化迈进。

　　1.2.4 物质与文明

　　社会经济形态及文明的跃迁，生产力和生产工具都是重要标志。从人类历史看，从石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代到钢器时代，从蒸汽时代、电气时代到信息时代，既反映出工具的变迁，又反映出生产力发展带来的文化发展、文明进步。

　　新质生产力的培育生成是文化发展、文明进步的重要力量、重要标志。文化是活跃着的文明，文明是沉淀下来的文化。文明的本质是一种进步状态，不断掌握新的科技手段，才能推动文明的不断发展。当前，世界正处于以信息化全面引领创新、以信息化为基础重构国家核心竞争力的新阶段。谁能更好认识和把握这一大势，更好适应和引领新生产力发展方向、推动生产关系和上层建筑变革，谁就能全方位提升综合国力。新质生产力是在移动互联网、大数据、人工智能日益生成、不断演进的时代提出的。要看到颠覆性创新及其应用的无限可能性，从这个角度来思考文明的发展、时代的进步。

　　1.3 发展新质生产力的时代意义

　　1.3.1 强国建设、民族复兴的实践要求

　　发展新质生产力是推进中国式现代化、实现中华民族伟大复兴的必然选择，是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点，也是不断实现人民群众对美好生活向往的现实需要。

　　当下，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进。如何应变局、育先机、开新局，牢牢把握发展主动和历史主动？发展新质生产力，是时代所需、发展所急、大势所趋。

　　经过新中国成立75年特别是改革开放40多年来的快速发展，中国经济总量稳居世界第二，但在科技创新、产业核心竞争力等方面与世界先进水平还有不小的差距。到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化，到本世纪中叶把中国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国，客观上要求推动经济发展质量变革、效率变革、动力变革，提高全要素生产率，加快形成新质生产力。

　　中国用几十年的时间走完了西方发达国家几百年走过的工业化历程，建成全球最完整、规模最大的工业体系，进入创新型国家的行列，为发展新质生产力奠定坚实基础。踏上新征程，扭住创新“牛鼻子”，厚植发展“绿底色”，下好改革“先手棋”，打造人才“强引擎”，中国将不断开辟新赛道、增强新动能、塑造新优势、拓展新空间，推动高质量发展不断迈上新台阶。

　　1.3.2 全球可持续发展的时代呼唤

　　当前，世界经济仍在艰难复苏中，尚未找到有效的新增长动能。根据国际货币基金组织（IMF）2024年4月的预测，2024年全球经济增速为3.2%，相比2023年10月的预测值上调了0.3个百分点，但仍远低于3.8%的历史（2000-2019年）平均水平。

　　多年来，中国一直是全球增长的动力源，对全球经济增长的年均贡献约30%。中国加快形成以科技创新支撑引领的新质生产力，将为全球经济发展注入强劲动力。

　　中国发展新质生产力将有力助推全球技术变革。2023年，中国全年研究与试验发展经费支出3.3万亿元，比上年增长8.1%，[16]研发支出绝对额居世界第二位；截至2023年年底，中国国内（不含港澳台）发明专利拥有量达401.5万件，同比增长22.4%，成为首个国内有效发明专利数量突破400万件的国家。中国已成为名副其实的知识产权大国，持续为全球创新发展贡献重要力量。

　　中国新质生产力走向世界，将助推全球经济发展。中国的5G技术为多国通信与移动互联网提供支撑。中国的台式计算机、笔记本电脑、手机等产量长期保持世界第一。新模式也在走出国门，来自中国的Temu等多款软件成为全球市场下载量增速最快的购物应用，越来越多人开始享受由中国企业提供的高性价比商品与服务。

　　中国正在为全球绿色低碳发展提供重要支持。中国建立起高效的太阳能装备、电动汽车等生产制造体系，有效降低了世界绿色低碳转型的成本。2023年，中国以新能源汽车、锂离子蓄电池和太阳能电池为代表的“新三样”产品出口在全球贸易疲软的大背景下逆势增长，突破万亿元大关，同比增长29.9%。

　　中国秉持人类命运共同体理念，持续扩大高水平对外开放，推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展，为其他国家提供更多参与新兴产业的机遇，共享新质生产力发展红利，这将对推进国际经济合作、促进地区可持续发展起到重要作用。

　　第二章 以科技创新为核心要素发展新质生产力

　　“科技创新能够催生新产业、新模式、新动能，是发展新质生产力的核心要素。”[17]

　　——习近平

　　2.1 加强科技创新特别是原创性、颠覆性科技创新

　　科技创新是推动生产力发展的重要力量。从“生产力中也包括科学”[18]到“科学技术是第一生产力”[19]再到“科技创新是发展新质生产力的核心要素”[20]，马克思主义者对科学技术之于发展生产力核心关键作用的认识，在理论和实践探索中不断发展演进。

　　科技成果转化为现实生产力，表现形式为催生新产业、推动产业深度转型升级。当前，科技创新以无处不在的渗透性、扩散性、带动性，广泛赋能经济社会发展。发展新质生产力，中国具有得天独厚的优势。近年来，中国科技创新整体实力稳步提升，基础研究能力不断增强，2023年基础研究经费占全社会研发投入比重提高到6.65%；中高端人才数量红利逐步显现；国内市场规模巨大，应用场景丰富；产业链结构全、链条长，制造业规模连续14年位居全球第一。

　　新质生产力的提出，意味着中国将以更大决心和力度推动科技创新，加快实现高水平科技自立自强，打好关键核心技术攻坚战，产出更多原创性、颠覆性科技创新成果，为经济社会发展注入新动能。

　　2.1.1 牢牢掌握关键核心技术

　　关键核心技术在产业技术生态体系中居于核心地位，是增强科技创新引领作用的重要抓手，也是实现高水平科技自立自强的保证。

　　习近平总书记强调:“关键核心技术是要不来、买不来、讨不来的。”[21]只有加快突破关键核心技术，才能把创新主动权、发展主动权牢牢掌握在自己手中。

　　打好关键核心技术攻坚战，必须聚力突破重点难点。要从国家急迫需要和长远需求出发，在基础原材料、高端芯片、工业软件等领域全力攻坚。要以关键共性技术、前沿引领技术、现代工程技术、颠覆性技术为突破口，前瞻部署一批战略性、储备性技术研发项目，实施好国家重大科学计划和科学工程。要优化财政科技投入，引导企业和社会增加研发投入，加强知识产权保护，完善推动企业技术创新的税收政策，加大资本市场对科技型企业的支持力度，积极发展风险投资，壮大耐心资本。

　　打好关键核心技术攻坚战，要发挥社会主义制度集中力量办大事的显著优势，强化党和国家对重大科技创新的领导，健全新型举国体制。围绕国家战略需求，完善顶层设计，科学配置创新资源，优化国家科研机构、高水平研究型大学、科技领军企业定位和布局，把政府、市场、社会等各方面力量拧成一股绳，形成科技攻关的强大合力。

　　2.1.2 持之以恒加强基础研究

　　基础研究处于从研究到应用、再到生产的科研链条起始端，地基打得牢，科技事业大厦才能建得高。当前，科学研究范式发生深刻变革，全球基础研究转化周期明显缩短，迫切需要加强基础研究，从源头和底层解决关键技术问题。

　　2023年2月21日，中共中央政治局就加强基础研究进行集体学习。习近平总书记强调，加强基础研究，是实现高水平科技自立自强的迫切要求，是建设世界科技强国的必由之路。[22]

　　近年来，中国“从0到1”的原始创新能力不断提升，取得一批有国际影响力的重大原创成果：建成“中国天眼”FAST、稳态强磁场、散裂中子源等一批国之重器，在量子计算、人工合成淀粉、纳米限域催化等方面实现突破。

　　基础研究是实现科技自立自强的源头。通过基础研究才能变不确定性为确定性，变未知为已知。世界已经进入大科学时代，基础研究组织化程度越来越高，制度保障和政策引导对基础研究产出的影响越来越大。

　　一方面，要优化基础学科建设布局，支持重点学科、新兴学科、冷门学科和薄弱学科发展，以高质量学科体系支撑基础研究和原始创新。另一方面，要增加基础研究多元投入，满足不同类型基础研究的需求，为基础前沿方向重大原创成果的持续涌现提供资金支持。

　　对重大科学问题和重大战略需求，必须系统谋划、前瞻布局，统筹部署战略导向的体系化基础研究、前沿导向的探索性基础研究、市场导向的应用性基础研究，以占据前沿技术制高点为目标，以体制机制创新为保障，加强从基础研究、关键技术、装备研制到成果转化的全链条设计、一体化部署。

　　2.1.3 强化企业创新主体地位

　　企业是科技创新活动的主要组织者和参与者，也是发展新质生产力的重要支撑。强化企业科技创新主体地位，是推动实现高水平科技自立自强的关键。

　　数据显示，截至2023年底，中国拥有有效发明专利的企业达42.7万家，较上年增加7.2万家，企业拥有有效发明专利290.9万件，占比增至71.2%，首次超过七成。企业研发投入占全社会研发投入的比重连续多年超过75%。企业创新主体地位进一步凸显。

　　在加快发展新质生产力的背景下，中国多措并举进一步强化企业科技创新主体地位——

　　强化企业在科技创新决策方面的主体地位，支持企业在更大范围、更深程度参与国家科技创新决策；强化企业在研发投入中的主体地位，加大企业研发费用加计扣除等政策落实力度，打通科技、产业、金融的链条；强化企业在科研组织中的主体地位，在重大专项、重点工程等关键技术攻关项目中，让企业唱主角。

　　打通科技成果转化的“最后一公里”，关键在企业。中国将继续完善科技成果转化法律法规，破除科技成果使用、处置和收益权等政策障碍；健全产学研成果对接和产业化机制，支持企业建设中试验证平台，提升企业科技成果转化的能力；发挥领军企业的牵引推动作用、中小企业的配套支撑作用，促进全产业链上下联动、融合发展，形成完善的产业生态。

　　发展新质生产力需要一大批高素质复合型科技企业家。他们不仅要具备创新精神，还要具有科学素质，能够洞察科学新发现的重要价值，并具有围绕创新组合生产要素、协调产学研各方的能力。中国正在创造良好环境，让通晓科技创新、商业模式和管理方法的企业家脱颖而出。

　　2.2 以科技创新引领产业创新

　　人类近现代史上历次生产力的跨越式进步都伴随着科技革命和产业革命的发生。但科技革命只有在适宜的经济条件与社会体制下才能催生产业变革。

　　当前，以人工智能、清洁能源、生物技术等为重点的新一轮科技浪潮扑面而来，各国纷纷加快实施推动新产业革命的国家战略，比如美国的“先进制造业伙伴计划”、德国的“工业4.0”、日本的“再兴战略”、法国的“新工业法国”、英国的“高价值制造战略”等。

　　在中国式现代化进程中，现代化产业体系建设成为加快培育新质生产力的必然要求。

　　2.2.1 改造提升传统产业

　　中国产业体系较为完备，在全球分工体系和产业链供应链体系中具有举足轻重的地位，一些产业在国际上处于领先地位，必须把这个优势巩固好、发挥好。

　　传统制造业是支撑国民经济发展和满足人民生活需要的重要基础。为传统产业赋予“新”和“质”，就是要以高端化、智能化、绿色化为方向，加快结构体系升级、技术路径创新、发展模式优化，促进实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长。

　　加装“高端”引擎。加快先进适用技术推广应用，推动传统制造业优势领域锻长板，推进强链延链补链，支持传统制造业深耕细分领域，孵化新技术、开拓新赛道、培育新产业。深入实施产业基础再造工程，强化传统制造业基础支撑体系。

　　加装“智能”引擎。加快数字技术赋能，大力推进企业智改数转网联，加快人工智能、大数据、云计算、5G、物联网等信息技术与制造全过程、全要素深度融合。促进产业链供应链网络化协同，推动产业园区和集群整体改造升级。

　　加装“绿色”引擎。加快绿色科技创新和先进绿色技术推广应用，做强绿色制造业，发展绿色服务业，壮大绿色能源产业，发展绿色低碳产业和供应链，构建绿色低碳循环经济体系，以产业含“绿”量提升发展含“新”量。

　　根据工业和信息化部、国家发展改革委等八部门联合印发的指导意见提出的目标，到2027年，传统制造业高端化、智能化、绿色化、融合化发展水平明显提升，有效支撑制造业比重保持基本稳定，在全球产业分工中的地位和竞争力进一步巩固增强。工业企业数字化研发设计工具普及率、关键工序数控化率分别超过90%、70%，工业能耗强度和二氧化碳排放强度持续下降，万元工业增加值用水量较2023年下降13%左右，大宗工业固体废物综合利用率超过57%。

　　当前，中国正在推进新一轮大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新。根据国务院印发的行动方案，中国将聚焦石化化工、钢铁、有色、建材、机械、汽车、轻工、纺织、电子等重点行业，开展先进设备更新、数字化转型、绿色装备推广、安全水平提升四大行动，全面推动设备更新和技术改造，为改造提升传统产业奠定坚实基础。

　　2.2.2 培育壮大新兴产业

　　战略性新兴产业处在科技和经济发展前沿，对经济社会的长远发展具有重大引领作用，在很大程度上决定着一个国家或地区的综合实力特别是核心竞争力。

　　战略性新兴产业是新质生产力的重要载体。2023年9月，习近平总书记在新时代推动东北全面振兴座谈会上指出，“积极培育新能源、新材料、先进制造、电子信息等战略性新兴产业，积极培育未来产业，加快形成新质生产力，增强发展新动能。”[23]

　　战略性新兴产业具有先导性，融合化集群化是产业发展的新模式。战略性新兴产业集群通过产业在一定地理空间的集聚，实现人才、技术、资金的有机结合和效益最大化，已成为中国产业发展的重要趋势。

　　2024年3月，南京发布18个人工智能应用场景，聚焦“AI+工业”“AI+电力”“AI+交通”“AI+医疗”“AI+信息消费”五大领域，打造底层技术和应用协同的“试验场”，探索落地更具前景的人工智能创新模式和产品方向。

　　当前，中国把握战略性新兴产业发展机遇，在新一代信息技术、人工智能、生物技术、新能源、新材料、高端装备、绿色环保等领域打造一批具有国际竞争力的先进产业集群，构建一批各具特色、优势互补、结构合理的新增长点。

　　推动战略性新兴产业融合集群发展，还需在围绕产业链部署创新链、完善生态构建和场景应用、加强数字平台建设等方面持续发力。

　　要围绕产业链部署创新链，充分发挥龙头企业链主优势、平台效应和示范引领作用，促进创新链与产业链的共融和产业链上下游协同发展。

　　要完善生态构建和场景应用，强化政府投资对全社会投资的引导带动，支持各地围绕禀赋优势、着眼未来发展，打造细分领域的标志性产业，以产业需求牵引教育、科技、人才发展。

　　要以数字平台建设促进数实融合，以数字化为基础，集合行业上下游相关企业、行业科研机构和政府公共部门等创新力量，实现系统集成、资源共享。

　　2.2.3 布局发展未来产业

　　未来产业是重塑全球创新版图与经济格局的前沿力量，是牢牢把握未来发展主动权的关键所在。

　　习近平总书记高度重视发展未来产业，作出一系列重要指示和决策部署。《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》明确，“在类脑智能、量子信息、基因技术、未来网络、深海空天开发、氢能与储能等前沿科技和产业变革领域，组织实施未来产业孵化与加速计划，谋划布局一批未来产业”。中国未来产业发展思路不断明晰，重点领域发展蓝图逐渐展开。

　　当前，未来产业已成为从中央到地方打造新增长引擎的关键领域，发展未来产业不仅有望培育形成一批千亿级甚至万亿级新支柱产业与产业集群，还能通过广泛赋能推动传统优势产业转型升级，在强链补链延链上发挥更大作为。

　　2022年11月，科学技术部、教育部批复《未来产业科技园试点及培育名单》，北京市、上海市、江苏省、湖北省、广东省、四川省、陕西省、黑龙江省等8省市的10家未来产业科技园成为首批未来产业科技园建设试点。2023年8月，工业和信息化部办公厅印发《关于组织开展2023年未来产业创新任务揭榜挂帅工作的通知》，面向元宇宙、人形机器人、脑机接口、通用人工智能等四个重点方向，加速新技术、新产品落地应用。

　　各地结合科技与产业基础竞相“落子”未来产业。北京、上海、浙江、广东深圳等地率先出台关于未来产业的发展规划、行动计划、实施方案与配套政策，把前瞻布局未来产业作为拼经济谋长远的重头戏。

　　中国未来产业正处于创新活力、辐射能力、综合实力实现大跨越的关键时期，要不断创新适应产业发展的思路和举措，前瞻谋划未来产业时空布局。由于未来产业的技术路线有待清晰、商业模式亟需成熟，培育未来产业不能简单使用大水漫灌式支持，需要精细的温光水气调控式支持，其支持导向要更加突出厚植发展土壤、更加突出扶小扶新扶幼、更加突出强化原始创新、更加突出场景市场支持，创新监管模式，加大制度供给，营造鼓励创新、宽容失败、敢闯敢试的创新氛围和发展空间。

　　2.3 因地制宜发展新质生产力

　　不论是科技创新还是产业创新，关键都是从实际出发，都要立足科技基础，用好用足自身优势。

　　2024年全国两会期间，习近平总书记在参加江苏代表团审议时强调，“要牢牢把握高质量发展这个首要任务，因地制宜发展新质生产力”“发展新质生产力不是忽视、放弃传统产业，要防止一哄而上、泡沫化，也不要搞一种模式”。[24]

　　习近平总书记强调的“因地制宜”，体现了马克思主义的认识论和方法论，为中国不同地区结合自身优势发展新质生产力指明了方向。

　　“因地制宜”，既是对中国国情的准确把握，也是对创新规律的深刻理解。发展新质生产力涉及科技创新、产业升级、组织管理、人才引育等多个层面，各地资源禀赋、主体功能、产业基础、科研条件等存在差异，发展新质生产力的打法也会不尽相同。不能忽视创新规律、产业规律和自身条件盲目行动，要坚持一切从实际出发，实事求是，探索符合自身实际的新质生产力发展之路。

　　发展新质生产力要谋“新”，更要重“质”。

　　从以科技创新推动产业创新的历史经验和现实情况看，从来没有相同的发展路径，也没有可以简单照搬照抄的发展模式。要着眼国家区域创新布局，立足各地特色优势和基层探索实践，找到科学合理的创新发展路径，避免千篇一律、搞一种模式。

　　发展新质生产力，要注重创新成果的落地应用和价值转化。创新成果不能只停留在实验室，更要成为生产线上的产品、大市场里的商品。在加快科技创新成果转化应用过程中，要更加注重解决本地经济社会发展实际问题，围绕产业链部署创新链，围绕创新链布局产业链，加快转化为现实生产力，增强地方发展内生动力。

　　发展新质生产力，要防止“内卷式”同质化竞争。在谋划和推进产业转型升级时，不必一味追求大而全，不能只盯着某些领域、某些产品，而要发挥比较优势，形成错落有致、互嵌互补、各有千秋的整体格局。

　　发展新质生产力，要加强跨部门协调合作，打通科技链、产业链、政策链、人才链、资金链，避免各地区各部门“各播各的种，各撒各的肥”，坚持“全国一盘棋”统筹优化，从彰显国家整体优势的角度科学布局、各展其长。

　　科技创新等不得，也急不得。做好创新发展这篇大文章，必须坚持以科技创新为核心要素，坚持以产业创新为有力支撑，坚持统筹兼顾，才能让科技创新成果迸发涌流，使发展新质生产力的步伐更稳健、动力更强劲。

　　第三章 塑造适应新质生产力的新型生产关系

　　“生产关系必须与生产力发展要求相适应。发展新质生产力，必须进一步全面深化改革，形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。”[25]

　　——习近平

　　发展新质生产力，既是发展命题，也是改革命题。

　　习近平总书记指出，“改革是解放和发展社会生产力的关键，是推动国家发展的根本动力”[26]“发展新质生产力，必须进一步全面深化改革，形成与之相适应的新型生产关系”。

　　从人类工业发展的历史来看，任何一个能够引领全球科技浪潮和工业革命的国家，一定是构建了新的、相对于其他国家能够更有效激励创新、保护创新的制度体系。这正是国家核心竞争力的重要载体。因此，新质生产力的国家间竞争表面上是新技术和新产业的竞争，本质上则是国家间的制度竞争，谁能率先提供与新科技浪潮和产业变革匹配的市场机制、产业监管、金融制度、产业政策，谁就能够在国家间的新质生产力竞争中胜出。

　　3.1 进一步全面深化改革，促进新质生产力诸要素实现高效协同匹配

　　新质生产力既需要政府超前规划引导、科学政策支持，也需要市场机制调节、企业等微观主体不断创新，是政府“有形之手”和市场“无形之手”共同培育和驱动形成的。

　　改革开放以来，中国共产党经过持续探索和实践，创造性地提出在社会主义条件下发展市场经济，建立并完善了社会主义市场经济体制。中共十八大以来，中国围绕构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，加快完善产权保护、市场准入、公平竞争、社会信用等市场经济基础制度，完善落实“两个毫不动摇”的体制机制，为各类生产要素高效协同匹配奠定制度基础。

　　3.1.1 把握新质生产力要素的“新”特征

　　与传统生产力相比，新质生产力是包容了全新质态要素的生产力。在新技术革命浪潮推动下，劳动者、劳动工具、劳动对象实现总体跃升、优化组合、创新性配置，必须准确把握新质生产力要素的新特征。

　　更高素质的劳动者是新质生产力的第一要素。新型劳动者是新质生产力中最活跃最具决定意义的因素。不同于传统以简单重复劳动为主的普通技术工人，新型劳动者代表现代劳动力的转变，是能够创造新质生产力的创新型战略人才和能够熟练掌握新质生产资料的应用型人才，拥有更高的教育水平、更强的学习能力，不仅掌握传统职业技能，更能适应数字化、智能化的工作环境，具备跨界融合的综合能力。

　　新型劳动者，包括引领世界科技前沿、创新创造新型生产工具，特别是在颠覆性科学认识和技术创造方面作出重大突破的顶尖科技人才，在基础研究和关键核心技术领域作出突出贡献的一流科技领军人才；以卓越工程师为代表的工程技术人才和以大国工匠为代表的技术工人；敢闯敢干，拥有战略思维，能够敏锐把握科技前沿技术和产业趋势，持续投入创新、能够以科技创新推动产业创新的优秀企业家。

　　更为高精尖的劳动工具是新质生产力的动力源泉。新一代信息技术、先进制造技术、新材料技术等融合应用，孕育出一大批更智能、更高效、更低碳、更安全的新型生产工具。传统机械为主的生产工具发生颠覆性变化，工业互联网、工业软件等广泛应用，极大丰富了生产工具的表现形态。劳动过程向平台化、生态化、共享化、远程化生产协作转变，促进数字经济与实体经济有机融合，极大提高了生产率和经济效益。

　　作为劳动工具的重要方面，新型基础设施是新质生产力的基础支撑。新型基础设施以信息网络基础设施为核心，以数字化、网络化和智能化为特征，包括高速网络、大数据中心、智能物流系统等。中国正在加快构建系统完备、高效实用、智能绿色、安全可靠的现代化基础设施体系，这将为新型劳动对象的生成和新型劳动工具的应用提供必要条件。

　　更广泛的劳动对象是新质生产力的物质基础。得益于科技创新，人类劳动对象发生极大变化。一方面，人类从自然界获取物质和能量的手段更加先进，利用和改造自然的范围扩展至深空、深海、深地等；另一方面，人类通过劳动不断创造新的物质资料，并转化为劳动对象，大幅提高了生产率。数据等新型劳动对象在各行各业中广泛渗透，将释放出巨大的生产力效能。

　　在新一轮科技革命和产业变革驱动下，劳动者、劳动工具、劳动对象和生产方式实现变革调整，推动劳动力、资本、土地、知识、技术、管理、数据等要素便捷化流动、网络化共享、系统化整合、协作化开发和高效化利用，促进新质生产力加快形成。

　　3.1.2 创新生产要素配置方式

　　2024年1月31日，习近平总书记在主持中共中央政治局集体学习时强调，着力打通束缚新质生产力发展的堵点卡点，建立高标准市场体系，创新生产要素配置方式，让各类先进优质生产要素向发展新质生产力顺畅流动。[27]

　　实现生产要素的创新性配置，核心还是靠深化改革。

　　——持续深化要素市场化改革。

　　中共十九大明确将要素市场化配置作为经济体制改革的重点之一。中共十九届四中全会进一步强调，推进要素市场制度建设，实现要素价格市场决定、流动自主有序、配置高效公平。2020年，《中共中央 国务院关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见》出台，分类提出土地、劳动力、资本、技术、数据五个要素领域的改革方向。

　　中国要素市场化改革正持续向深入推进。2024年开年，中国发布《“数据要素×”三年行动计划（2024—2026年）》，明确提出“发挥数据要素的放大、叠加、倍增作用”。与前期“互联网+”行动相比，“数据要素×”行动充分体现了生产要素创新性配置的考量。

　　——加快建设全国统一大市场。

　　市场，当今世界最稀缺的资源。中国超大规模市场具有丰富应用场景和放大创新收益的优势。加快建设全国统一大市场，可以促进创新要素有序流动和合理配置，支撑科技创新加快向产业创新转变；可以更好发挥规模经济优势和集聚效应，进一步降低市场交易成本；可以让更高质量的商品和服务在市场竞争中脱颖而出，为新质生产力持续迸发创造有利条件。

　　近年来，中国加快建设全国统一大市场取得积极进展，包括全面实行股票发行注册制改革，全面启动深化农村集体经营性建设用地入市试点，推进全国统一电力市场体系和碳市场等。同时，废止、修订和纠正了一批妨碍统一市场和公平竞争的政策措施，在完善产权、市场准入、公平竞争、信用等方面出台了一批配套政策。

　　下一步，中国将持续破除地方保护和区域壁垒，为经营主体构建良好环境；优化创新资源布局和产业布局，构建省级—国家级—世界级集群梯次培育发展体系，推动制造业在国内有序转移。

　　——建设高标准市场体系。

　　着力打通束缚新质生产力发展的堵点卡点，要从制度上为创新资源优化配置提供基础支撑。

　　中国正在建设的高标准市场体系是一项基础性改革，其特征是统一开放、竞争有序、制度完备、治理完善，内容涵盖高标准的市场体系基础制度、高标准的要素市场体系、高标准的市场环境和质量、高标准的市场基础设施、高标准的市场开放、高标准的现代市场监管机制。

　　就高标准的市场体系基础制度而言，严格的产权保护，是激发各类经营主体活力的原始动力；实施全国统一的市场准入负面清单制度，是形成全国统一市场的前提条件；公平竞争是有效的市场运行机制，可以促进经营主体充分竞争、优胜劣汰。

　　建设高标准的市场体系更加强调制度的完备性、更加强调公平竞争、更加强调政府维护市场秩序弥补市场失灵的重要性。总而言之，要充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合。

　　3.1.3 健全要素参与收入分配机制

　　健全要素参与收入分配机制，对于调动各类生产要素参与生产的积极性、主动性、创造性，让各类生产要素的活力竞相迸发，具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。

　　新质生产力条件下，对土地、资本、劳动力等传统数量型要素的创新性配置提出更高要求，人工智能、绿色能源、数据、空天、深海、频率等新型要素形态加快涌现，知识、技术、管理等质量型要素发挥着更为重要的作用。健全要素参与收入分配机制是塑造适应新质生产力的生产关系的题中之义。

　　中共十九届四中全会把“按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存”作为社会主义基本经济制度的重要组成部分。中共二十大强调，完善按要素分配政策制度。

　　当前，中国正在完善劳动参与分配的机制，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重，巩固按劳分配的主体地位；完善资本参与分配的机制，推进资本市场改革，完善收益与风险匹配机制；完善土地参与分配的机制，提高土地要素配置精准性和利用效率，建立健全土地增值收益分配机制；完善知识参与分配的机制，在全社会形成知识创造价值、价值创造者得到合理回报的良性循环；完善技术参与分配的机制，建立健全对科研人员实施股权、期权和分红激励的机制；完善管理参与分配的机制，统筹用好员工持股、股权激励、股权分红等中长期激励措施；完善数据参与分配的机制，建立健全数据权属、公开、共享、交易规则，让数据所有者能够从数据使用中获得应有收益。

　　3.1.4 畅通教育、科技、人才的良性循环

　　习近平总书记强调，“要按照发展新质生产力要求，畅通教育、科技、人才的良性循环”[28]“深化科技体制、教育体制、人才体制等改革”[29]。

　　教育是发展新质生产力的重要基础，科技是发展新质生产力的核心要素，人才是发展新质生产力的第一资源。中国坚持教育优先发展、科技自立自强、人才引领驱动，进一步强化资源协同配置的坚实基础，激活塑造新动能新优势的重要引擎。

　　必须在深化科技体制改革上下功夫。要深化科技管理体制改革，给予科研单位更多自主权，赋予科学家更大技术路线决定权和经费使用权。要围绕“为谁创新、谁来创新、创新什么、如何创新”，对技术创新决策、研发投入、科研组织、成果转化全链条整体部署，对政策、资金、项目、平台、人才等关键创新资源系统布局。要健全科技成果使用、处置和收益管理制度，不断提高科技成果转化和产业化水平。

　　必须在深化教育体制改革上持久发力。要围绕人力资源深度开发和创新驱动发展，统筹职业教育、高等教育、继续教育协同创新，推进职普融通、产教融合、科教融汇。要紧紧围绕国家战略和行业需求，调整优化高校学科布局、学科结构、专业设置。无论是基础教育、高等教育还是职业教育，都要注重激发人才的创新性思维和创造性能力。

　　必须推动人才体制机制改革持续突破。要加快形成有利于人才成长的培养机制、有利于人尽其才的使用机制、有利于人才各展其能的激励机制、有利于人才脱颖而出的竞争机制。要杜绝“一把尺子量到底”，加快构建以创新价值、能力、贡献为导向的人才评价体系。要积极为人才“减负松绑”，给予人才充分的信任、宽松的成长环境，特别是对于一些研发周期很长的基础科研和技术应用，要保持战略耐心。要落实好“揭榜挂帅”和“赛马”等制度。要实施更加开放包容的国际科技合作战略，畅通教育、科技、人才要素的跨区域循环通道，聚天下英才而用之。

　　3.2 坚持高水平开放，打造一流营商环境

　　中国取得的经济发展成就是在开放条件下取得的。发展新质生产力、实现高质量发展，也必须在高水平开放的条件下进行。

　　习近平总书记强调：“要扩大高水平对外开放，为发展新质生产力营造良好国际环境。”[30]面对日趋复杂的国际形势和日益增多的不确定因素，中国坚持高水平对外开放，持续建设市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境，为发展新质生产力构筑重要支撑。

　　3.2.1 在全球范围内优化资源配置

　　优质资本、关键资源、先进技术、拔尖人才等是发展新质生产力的关键。当前，全球资源配置呈现新的发展态势。中国推进高水平对外开放，依托超大规模市场优势，以国内大循环吸引全球资源要素，增强国内国际两个市场两种资源联动效应，营造具有全球竞争力的创新生态。

　　改革开放以来，中国在经济全球化进程中承担了三个重要角色，深度参与者——深度参与全球制造业价值链分工，积极促进者——为促进全球经济增长作出巨大贡献，合作创新者——共同推进全球新一轮科技革命和产业变革。

　　外媒称，中国正在推动形成一个全球性技术生态系统，逐步成长为国际科技合作不可忽视的参与者、全球创新资源要素重要的引力场。

　　中国在全球产业链分工中的位势稳步提升，为在更高层次融入国际循环、吸引全球资源要素奠定坚实基础。面对复杂的外部环境，中国以一系列有力措施释放更加鲜明的开放信号——

　　中国宣布在增值电信等领域开展准入试点，全面取消制造业领域外资准入限制措施；出台扎实推进高水平对外开放更大力度吸引和利用外资行动方案，公布全国版和自贸试验区版跨境服务贸易负面清单、《促进和规范数据跨境流动规定》等；《浦东新区综合改革试点实施方案（2023—2027年）》提出探索资本项目可兑换实施路径，在贸易结算、电商支付、碳交易、绿色电力交易等领域试点使用数字人民币等举措；举办进博会、广交会、服贸会、数贸会、消博会等重大展会，打造双向开放平台……

　　中国开放的大门正越开越大，促进在全球范围内优化资源要素配置，为发展新质生产力创造更好的环境和条件。

　　3.2.2 进一步扩大制度型开放

　　同商品和要素流动型开放相比，制度型开放是一种更高层次的开放。通过打通制度、规则等层面存在的各种壁垒，能够有效增强国内国际两个市场两种资源的联动效应，进一步发挥对全球优质创新要素资源的集聚作用。

　　习近平总书记强调，要围绕服务构建新发展格局，以制度型开放为重点，聚焦投资、贸易、金融、创新等对外交流合作的重点领域深化体制机制改革，完善配套政策措施，积极主动把我国对外开放提高到新水平[31]。

　　围绕进一步扩大制度型开放，在开放布局上，中国坚持沿海开放与内陆沿边开放更好结合，探索适应沿海内地联动发展的开放制度规则；在开放方式上，坚持“引进来”和“走出去”更好结合，打造国际合作新平台；在开放水平上，坚持制造领域开放与服务领域开放更好结合，构建推动教育、医疗、金融等开放新规则新标准；在治理机制上，坚持多边开放与区域开放更好结合，参与推动全球制度型开放，做开放型世界经济的建设者、贡献者。

　　当前，中国加快推动规则、规制、管理和标准等制度型开放：自贸试验区提质扩围至22个，率先在上海、广东、天津、福建、北京等具备条件的自由贸易试验区和海南自由贸易港，试点对接相关国际高标准经贸规则；加大现代服务业领域开放力度，服务业扩大开放综合试点增至11个；全面高质量实施《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》（RCEP），积极推动加入《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》（CPTPP）和《数字经济伙伴关系协定》（DEPA），为加快形成具有全球竞争力的开放创新生态作出中国贡献。

　　3.2.3 持续深化国际合作

　　发展新质生产力，符合中国实现高质量发展的愿景，也符合世界对中国提供“动能变量”的预期。尤其是在绿色环保、数字革命等领域，中国与国际合作伙伴存在巨大的合作空间。在新质生产力领域持续深化国际合作，不仅有助于全球产业链、供应链能级提升，也将进一步优化全球资源配置，让各个合作国共享产业升级和高质量发展机遇。

　　中国正努力深化国际合作，为培育新质生产力夯实基础，具体措施包括：继续推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展，在共商共建共享原则基础上实现合作共赢；加快建设中欧班列、西部陆海新通道等国际贸易和物流大通道，进一步提升互联互通水平；坚定支持多边贸易体制，积极参与并推动WTO进行必要改革，进一步完善面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络等。

　　2023年，中国对外非金融类直接投资1301亿美元，同比增长11.4%，连续11年稳居世界前三。对外投资存量2.8万亿美元，遍布全球190多个国家和地区，连续6年保持世界前三。截至2023年底，中国对“一带一路”共建国家直接投资存量超3000亿美元，境外经贸合作区超过100家，在共建国家承包工程完成额近2万亿美元，“一带一路”投资合作走深走实。中国持续深化绿色发展、数字经济和蓝色经济合作，与38个国家签署相关领域投资合作备忘录64份；与60个国家建立70个双边投资合作工作组；在120多个国家和地区建立了150多个境外中资企业商协会。

　　习近平总书记指出，世界好，中国才会好；中国好，世界会更好[32]。

　　在开放中创造机遇、在合作中破解难题，这是中国在扩大开放过程中形成的宝贵经验。以新质生产力发展为重要牵引的国际合作，将有更广阔的空间和更生动的实践。

　　第四章 新质生产力的世界意义

　　“当今世界并不太平，中国一如既往，以人类前途为怀、以人民福祉为念，努力为人类和平和发展事业贡献中国智慧、中国方案，倡导平等有序的世界多极化和普惠包容的经济全球化。”[33]

　　——习近平

　　生产力的发展是各国实现现代化的共同特征。工业革命迄今200多年来，少数已经实现现代化的国家均在不同程度上实现了生产力的跃迁。然而总体来看，世界现代化的进程并非一帆风顺，仍然面对诸多挑战，包括经济复苏乏力、地缘政治形势严峻、贸易保护主义和全球化逆流等。

　　在此背景下，中国发展新质生产力，既是着眼于中华民族伟大复兴的主动作为之举，也是以自身现代化实践推动世界和平发展、互利合作、共同繁荣的担当之举。

　　4.1 为世界经济复苏注入新动力，分享发展机遇

　　在全球经济版图中，中国发挥的“引擎”和“压舱石”作用越来越突出。彭博社援引国际货币基金组织最新经济预测数据，预计2024年到2029年，全球经济增长的75%将集中在20个国家，中国的贡献最大。同期，全球新增经济活动中，中国占比将达到21%左右，高于七国集团的20%。[34]

　　4.1.1 发挥经济引擎新作用

　　为什么中国能在世界经济艰难转型的过程中持续发挥引擎作用？

　　一个重要因素就在于中国积极拥抱新一轮科技革命和产业变革，以发展新质生产力为牵引，努力通过技术革命性突破、生产要素创新配置来推动产业创新，不断开拓新领域、新优势、新赛道，培育发展新动能。

　　当前，新质生产力正在激发中国市场的活力和潜力，增强了中国作为世界经济引擎的韧实力。2023年，中国生物医药、人工智能和纳米技术应用三大产业产值超550亿美元；预计到2027年，数字经济规模有望达到15.7万亿美元。中国推动碳达峰碳中和的努力正在引领构建全新的零碳产业体系，引发海量投资与产业机遇。在可再生能源领域，中国已成为名副其实的全球领导者。根据全球风能理事会发布的《2024年全球风能报告》，2023年，全球新增风力发电装机容量达到创纪录的117吉瓦，比2022年增长50%，但如果将中国排除在外的话，全球风能产业的增长实际已陷入停滞[35]。

　　国际货币基金组织的研究表明，中国经济增长对世界其他地区具有积极的溢出效应，中国经济每增长1个百分点，将使其他经济体的产出水平平均提高0.3个百分点[36]。随着传统产业转型升级、新兴产业蓬勃兴起，新质生产力将为中国经济高质量发展持续注入新动力，带来中等收入群体的不断扩大和消费市场的持续增长升级。届时，中国经济引擎给世界带来的利好将颇为可期。

　　4.1.2 创造共赢发展新机遇

　　加快发展新质生产力将进一步放大中国市场的独特优势，为国际合作伙伴创造更多发展机遇。

　　首先，新质生产力的发展将会带来劳动生产率、产业附加值水平、劳动者收入和福利水平的提高。到2035年，中国中等收入人群预计会达到8亿，形成更为强劲的购买力。随着新质生产力不断发展，消费场景也将不断拓展，中国人的生产生活方式迅速向数字化绿色化转型，激发出多样化、高端化的消费新需求。在购买力和需求的双重推动下，中国的进口规模会随之扩大，中国的贸易伙伴将在更深更广的层次上分享中国大市场的发展机遇。

　　加快发展新质生产力也将使中国成为全球创新链中更重要的环节。越来越多外资企业正在参与到中国先进产业链的打造和创新链的升级，把在华投资的更多精力放在创新赛道上，更加注重研发和开拓具有高附加值的创新技术和服务。对很多跨国公司来说，中国已不仅是一个重要的市场，还是创新收益的“放大器”。

　　不少跨国公司都用追加投资对中国的创新发展投下“信任票”。扎根中国30多年的阿斯利康将投资4.75亿美元在无锡新建小分子药厂，投资7亿美元在青岛建立吸入气雾剂生产供应基地；法雷奥在上海建立“舒适驾驶辅助系统”生产研发基地；GE医疗(中国)未来三年在中国的研发投入将再翻一番。放眼世界，很难找到像中国这样规模巨大、空间广阔的投资高地，新质生产力的加快发展将进一步巩固外国企业界对“下一个中国，还是中国”的认同。

　　中国的不可替代，可从跨国公司财报中管窥一二。2023财年，博世集团在华销售额增长超过5%，其中智能出行是其在华业务的主要增长动力。苹果公司大中华区营收约占公司总营收五分之一。上海超级工厂已成为特斯拉在全球主要的出口中心，效率稳居同业前列。2024年4月下旬，特斯拉首席执行官马斯克时隔不到一年再度访华。一大批有远见的外国企业家已敏锐感知到中国发展新质生产力带来的新机遇。

　　4.2 探索新型生产关系，拓展经济治理新实践

　　新质生产力，是中国共产党对马克思主义政治经济学的发展和创新，其中蕴含着巨大的变革力量，也对中国经济治理能力提出了新考验。

　　当前，中国着力完善自身经济制度、提升经济治理能力。这种战略主动性彰显了中国的制度自信，也为其他发展中国家提供了经济治理的宝贵经验和实践范例。

　　4.2.1 以战略主动应对全球前沿挑战

　　当前，中国正在跨越后发国家普遍遭遇的“比较优势陷阱”，在许多新领域的技术研发和应用上处于领先地位，与发达国家同时面临技术发展带来的挑战。为此，中国积极完善政策规划、填补制度空白、挖掘体制机制优势，在变局中开新局，积极把握战略主动。

　　中国在发展数字经济方面的制度探索令人瞩目。中共十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央对发展数字经济高度重视，数据成为国家基础性战略资源。2020年4月，中共中央、国务院发布《关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见》，数据作为一种新生产要素首次写入中央文件。中国成为全球第一个在国家政策层面将数据确立为生产要素的国家。

　　2022年以来，中国数据要素市场发展进入快车道。2022年12月，中共中央、国务院印发《关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见》，擘画数据要素市场发展蓝图。2023年2月，中共中央、国务院发布《数字中国建设整体布局规划》，分阶段制定目标任务，提出“到2035年数字化发展水平进入世界前列”。同年3月，中共中央、国务院发布《党和国家机构改革方案》，提出组建国家数据局。

　　中国将数据提升到新型生产要素的地位，顺应了数字经济发展潮流。中国努力夯实数据要素驱动基础，维护数据主权、促进数字经济发展，积极构筑数据竞争新优势；同时，积极参与数字经济国际合作及相关规则制定，让中国数据要素发展的成果和经验惠及更多国家和人民。

　　在应对当前全球数字治理赤字和新兴数字领域的治理挑战上，中国走在前列。2020年，中国提出的《全球数据安全倡议》，明确政府行为规范，推动企业共担责任、合作应对安全风险。2023年，中国发布的《生成式人工智能服务管理暂行办法》，是全球首部针对生成式人工智能的专门立法。同年，中国还向联合国提交了《中国关于全球数字治理有关问题的立场》，呼吁消除数字鸿沟、反对技术垄断。

　　围绕新型生产要素、积极主动开展各种探索与应对，展现了中国提升经济治理能力的决心和实干精神，将推动全球经济治理变革，有助于进一步激发全球经济潜能和活力。

　　4.2.2 经济治理新实践激发世界回响

　　中国发展新质生产力，推动制度创新和生产关系变革，在国际上引发强烈共鸣。

　　处理好政府和市场关系是中国经济体制改革的核心问题。习近平总书记提出“使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用、更好发挥政府作用”，引领社会主义市场经济理论和实践不断创新突破。

　　在基础研究和关键核心技术攻坚等领域，中国着力完善党中央对科技工作统一领导的体制，健全新型举国体制，强化国家战略科技力量，优化配置创新资源；在科技成果落地转化方面，更加强调市场作用，强化企业创新主体地位，这为用好“看不见的手”和“看得见的手”带来有益启示。

　　在全面深化改革、完善经济治理的过程中，习近平经济思想中蕴含的“先立后破”“稳中求进”“以进促稳”等方法论，受到国际社会越来越多的关注。

　　菲律宾“亚洲世纪”战略研究所副所长安娜·马林博格-乌伊对习近平主席谈到的“积极促进产业高端化、智能化、绿色化”给予高度评价。她认为，这一部署具有前瞻性，既强调以科技、数字经济、绿色技术等赋能经济发展，又强调平衡经济增长、科技进步与可持续发展的关系[37]。

　　国际社会评价，中国把形成与新质生产力相适应的新型生产关系摆在重要位置，是经济治理日益走向成熟的体现。新质生产力在中国的形成和发展，反映了中国特色社会主义制度的巨大优势与生机活力，将为人类探索更好经济治理方式提供中国方案。

　　4.3 赋能中国式现代化，开拓人类文明新形态

　　人类文明的每一次演进都离不开生产力跃迁的推动。在以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的新征程上，中国发展新质生产力将推动文化发展、文明进步。

　　4.3.1 深刻践行“人与自然是生命共同体”

　　工业化创造了前所未有的物质财富，也造成了难以弥补的生态创伤，资源有限和人类需求无限的矛盾凸显，气候变化已成为人类面临的最严峻的挑战之一。依赖要素投入驱动，以低效率、高污染、粗放式增长方式为特征的传统生产力难以支持经济可持续发展。

　　相较于传统生产力，新质生产力重在以创新驱动实现生产力内涵型增长。其中一个维度就是以知识和信息、数据和算力为基础来推动产业迭代升级，从而克服自然物质资源的排他性和消耗性，摆脱对资源的过度依赖。推动新一轮生产力跃迁，并不只在于科技创新本身，更在于对“人与自然是生命共同体”的深刻认知。

　　生态兴则文明兴、生态衰则文明衰，这一理念已在中国成为广泛共识。中国式现代化的特征之一就是人与自然和谐共生的现代化。新质生产力有利于促进绿色低碳产业形成，推动经济社会发展全面绿色转型。“先污染、后治理”“控制自然、掠夺自然”的发展模式正在成为过去，以人与自然和谐共生为特征、追求永续发展的文明之路正在开启。

　　4.3.2 增强现代化进程的人本主义关怀

　　中国式现代化是以人为本、着眼未来的新型现代化。正如习近平总书记所说：“现代化的最终目标是实现人自由而全面的发展。现代化道路最终能否走得通、行得稳，关键要看是否坚持以人民为中心。”[38]

　　中国发展新质生产力，是为了让现代化的成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，推动、促进人的全面发展。因此，发展新质生产力是中国发展和改善人权的一部分。

　　新质生产力更加重视提高劳动者素质和培育新型劳动者，使经济发展方式由投资于物向投资于人转变。中国认为，只有在更高水平、更大范围实现人口高质量发展，才能为持续培育新质生产力提供更深厚的基础。

　　中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化。中国人口规模庞大，必须创造出同人口规模相匹配的社会财富。发展新质生产力有助于培育新的经济增长点和经济增长极，进而保障持续性增长，扩大社会财富总量。中国围绕发展新质生产力健全收入分配机制，有助于缩小贫富差距，为实现共同富裕提供有力支撑。

　　新质生产力的发展还将使人类社会迎来新的经济形态，更多服务于“人的现代化”。这意味着人在现代化的生产生活中展现出更强的主体性、创造性和文明性。新质生产力的发展为实现人的全面发展提供了更大可能，也为人类的现代化增添了更强的人本主义关怀。

　　4.3.3 提振全球南方的发展自信推动文明互鉴

　　科学技术是时代的，也是世界的。新质生产力赋能下的中国式现代化实践对全球南方来说是个好消息。中国的技术创新、产业升级和变革经验将为后发国家的现代化开拓新的现实路径，还将推动世界经济走向更加多元平衡的未来。

　　中国追求的不是独善其身的现代化，而是期待同包括广大发展中国家在内的各国一道，共同实现现代化。这一愿景令人向往，也充满挑战。一方面，以资本为主宰、从产业扩张走向金融扩张，已导致一些国家经济脱实向虚，贫富差距拉大。个别国家制约知识、技术、人才等创新要素流动，打压别国具有竞争力的产业，阻碍世界发展。另一方面，后发国家长期处在“比较优势陷阱”之中，难以突破“依附式现代化”的瓶颈，在生产力发展上无法实现平等自主的跃升。

　　如果不能在新一轮全球经济治理体系和国际经贸规则调整过程中成为重要的参与者和贡献者，就会在全球经济和产业发展的新赛道上丧失话语权和主动权，这一点对发展中国家来说尤为迫切。在国际创新生态塑造上，中国坚持为后发国家鼓与呼，共同促进创新要素全球流动，挖掘经济增长动力，主张科技成果应该造福全人类，而不应该成为限制、遏制其他国家发展的手段。中国发布《国际科技合作倡议》，倡导践行开放、公平、公正、非歧视的国际科技合作理念，促进建设全球科技共同体；提出《全球人工智能治理倡议》，呼吁各国加强信息交流和技术合作，形成具有广泛共识的人工智能框架和标准规范。

　　中国还致力于把“一带一路”建成创新之路，合作建设面向共建国家的科技创新联盟和科技创新基地，为各国共同发展创造机遇和平台；主张积极用好亚太经合组织中小企业机制，办好亚太经合组织专精特新中小企业国际合作论坛，不断凝聚中小企业专精特新发展共识。

　　面对去全球化、逆全球化的政治逆流，中国一直坚持推进高水平制度型开放，坚持推进科技创新，倡导以更深层次的大开放、大交流、大融合来实现生产力的集体跃迁。站在人类发展新的十字路口，面对世界百年变局的风云际会，中国是经济全球化的积极参与者、坚定支持者，中国发展新质生产力将为世界带来广阔的新机遇。在同心打造人类命运共同体的过程中，坚信国际社会能走出一条合作共赢的生产力跃迁之路，开启持续繁荣、和谐共生的文明新篇章。

　　第五章 各地发展新质生产力的探索实践

　　“各地要坚持从实际出发，先立后破、因地制宜、分类指导，根据本地的资源禀赋、产业基础、科研条件等，有选择地推动新产业、新模式、新动能发展，用新技术改造提升传统产业，积极促进产业高端化、智能化、绿色化。”[39]

　　——习近平

　　按照习近平总书记关于发展新质生产力的重要指示和党中央决策部署，中国各地立足全国发展大局，坚持从实际出发、因地制宜，在加快培育和形成新质生产力上勇于创新探索，不断取得进展，涌现出一批典型案例和经验做法，为高质量发展提供新启示、打开新空间。

　　5.1 摘取造船工业“皇冠上的明珠”

　　造船工业“皇冠上的明珠”——大型邮轮建造又传来好消息。第二艘国产大型邮轮开始总装搭载，建造进入加速期。

　　2024年4月20日，长341米、宽37.2米、总吨位超14万吨的国产大型邮轮“2号船”，进入中国船舶集团上海外高桥造船有限公司的2号船坞，这标志着中国邮轮批量化设计建造能力基本形成。

　　2023年11月，首艘国产大型邮轮“爱达·魔都号”命名交付，让中国在全球大型邮轮设计建造领域有了一席之地。2024年1月，“爱达·魔都号”开启商业首航，驶入百姓生活。

　　放眼全球，国产大型邮轮打破了欧美国家的长期垄断；回看当下，中国巨大的消费市场和丰富的应用场景，让这些大国重器的产业化发展天高海阔。

　　“重器”自有乾坤大。这不仅在于百万级、千万级零部件的体量之大，更在于综合研制、集成创新的难度之大，还在于关键攻关、产业升级的带动之大。

　　大型邮轮、大型LNG船、航空母舰，造船工业的“三颗明珠”已经全部集齐，从这些先进制造高端装备、科技创新标志性成果中，可以梳理出中国高端制造业拾级而上、勇攀高峰的内在逻辑。

　　一看实践力。从国产大型邮轮的建造基地——中国船舶集团上海外高桥造船有限公司，驶向全球航运市场的大型船舶数以百计，无论是超大型集装箱船，还是海洋石油钻井平台都被一一攻克，这些都是中国新型工业化发展的引领性工程，设计建造大型邮轮，代表着中国造船工业实力再上新台阶。国产大型邮轮集纳了全球1500家供应商，形成的邮轮供应链“图谱”，为大型邮轮批量化建造打下坚实基础。

　　二看创新力。高端装备本身就是创新能力的“试炼场”。通过大型邮轮项目，中国建立了首支邮轮设计国家队，培养了一批大型邮轮研发设计的核心骨干人才，通过基础科研与实船工程的交叉验证，攻克了邮轮总体布置、美学设计、安全返港、替代设计等多项关键技术。

　　一艘船就是一个创新平台、一条产业链、一扇开放窗口。2023年，中国三大造船指标实现全面增长，国际市场份额首次全部超过50%。统计数据显示，全球18种主要船型中，中国共有14种船型新接订单量位列全球第一。

　　三看带动力。大型邮轮以其“巨系统”工程的复杂集成和精益工艺成为造船工业高端装备的巅峰产品。高端装备本身就是创新能力的试炼场。随着批量化生产的实现，国产大型邮轮越来越本土化。上海外高桥造船有限公司在持续加强国际合作的同时不断提升本土配套率，推动建设本土邮轮配套产业集群，打造完备的邮轮产业链条。

　　当前，除了国产大型邮轮“2号船”，上海外高桥造船还在加快研究超大型、中小型邮轮的设计研发，以期形成邮轮产品的谱系化、规模化发展，形成一支国产大型邮轮船队。通过邮轮项目，有助于构建起集技术需求、产品开发、技术创新、技术验证、产业化于一体的工业创新体系。

　　5.2 安徽打造量子科创高地

　　近年来，量子科技发展突飞猛进。在致力于打造量子信息科创高地的安徽，量子产业正在蓬勃而起，目前已集聚量子科技产业链企业60余家、居全国前列。

　　在中科大先进技术研究院所在的合肥高新区，云飞路因遍布着数十家量子科技产业链企业，已成为国内知名的“量子大街”。世界首条千公里级量子保密通信“京沪干线”、全球首颗量子科学实验卫星“墨子号”、实现“量子计算优越性”里程碑的“九章”量子计算原型机等均诞生于这里及附近。

　　2023年，首个国家级“量子信息未来产业科技园”在合肥高新区揭牌运行。从实验室成果，迈向“量子大街”应用，再到科技园聚链成势，量子通信、量子计算、量子精密测量产业链三大方向正步入科技产业化“快车道”，提高应用领域生产力水平。

　　一个中部省份，如何能在量子信息新赛道上一路疾驰？

　　技术创新是关键。安徽已经形成包括多个研究机构的量子信息基础研究体系，近年成功构建255个光子的量子计算原型机“九章三号”、66比特可编程超导量子计算原型机“祖冲之二号”等。同时，逐渐建立前沿科研“沿途下蛋”机制，布局一批科技成果转化平台，承接高校、科研院所的科技成果就地转化孵化，让量子技术得到更快发展。

　　场景创新是缩短基础创新和应用端距离的重要探索。安徽通过开放企业生产、政府应用等各领域的场景，为科技企业新技术、新产品和创新解决方案提供真实的应用示范机会，加速科技成果应用和迭代。

　　得益于政务场景的开放，2012年，科大国盾量子在企业起步阶段，完成了合肥城域量子通信试验示范网建设。这是全球首个规模化量子通信网络，也是科大国盾量子的量子通信技术从实验室走向工程化的重要节点。如今合肥量子城域网已经建成运行，铺设网络光纤1147公里，覆盖8个核心站点、159个用户节点，提供量子安全接入服务和数据传输服务。

　　企业是创新的主体，创新是企业生命活力的源泉。通过实施科技重大专项、建设创新平台、企业人才引进等方式支持量子企业发展，合肥目前的量子专利累计申请量居全国城市首位。

　　在国仪量子，2023年企业研发投入占比近30%，600多名员工中，研发人员占比近70%。正是有了重点研发项目、人才政策等各类支持，国仪量子坚持原始创新，突破一批关键核心技术。如今，其量子测量技术已应用至石油勘探、生命科学、航天航空等诸多领域，去年公司成交订单额超过5亿元。

　　5.3 杭州城西科创大走廊培育增长新引擎

　　打开杭州地图，东起浙江大学紫金港校区，经过紫金港科技城、未来科技城、青山湖科技城，西至浙江农林大学，绵延39公里、面积约416平方公里，形成了一条宽阔的“大走廊”。这就是杭州城西科创大走廊。

　　通过无人机视角俯瞰大走廊，这里颇具未来感。“国之重器”超重力实验场犹如展翼的宇宙飞船，之江实验室、西湖实验室等5个浙江省实验室环绕分布，鳞次栉比的高楼里有3354家国家级高新技术企业、91个国家级科创平台、58万名专业技术人才。2023年起，这里每个工作日都能新增80家企业，为经济高质量发展提供源源不断的动力。

　　杭州亚残运会开幕式上点燃主火炬的“仿生手”、在亚运村地下8米深处默默巡检的四足机器狗，这些“火爆出圈”的高科技产品都来自大走廊。

　　走进大走廊，来到国内唯一一家脑机接口领域独角兽企业浙江强脑科技有限公司的展厅，“吉祥如意！”失去双手的强脑科技产品体验官倪敏成靠一双智能仿生手，写出了让人赞叹的毛笔字。

　　目前，大走廊正在致力于打造世界级数字科技产业集群与战略性新兴产业集群。在业内专家看来，多年来大走廊通过相关政策，鼓励人才引入、技术研发与引导市场应用，为产业发展积累了深厚的市场基础，已经构建了优势明显的产业环境。

　　“大走廊最大的特点，在于打造一个创新创业生态系统，聚齐了5大要素，有为政府、知名高校、头部领军企业、多元多层次的投资人和创业者。”每日互动董事长方毅说，这五大要素保证了产业发展的政策支持、人才输出、技术创新、资本支撑、创业项目等能够长期持续。

　　为更好服务企业、促进高质量发展，杭州出台了城西科创大走廊产业、人才、科技专项政策，去年以来，30余个市直部门先后赴大走廊对接服务。在人才“蓄水池”打造、公共设施建设、整体智治方面均取得亮眼成效。

　　2023年4月，从斩获高规格网络安全大赛一等奖，到带领团队把初创公司落户于大走廊的梦想小镇，26岁的母浩文只用了3天。在母浩文看来，大走廊对他们团队项目的了解令人吃惊，这里的创业氛围、产业配套、热情服务都令他们无法拒绝。

　　目前，大走廊正依托创新基础优势，加速培育经济增长新引擎。2023年，大走廊实现产业增加值3500亿元，其中高新技术产业增加值贡献率占比超过85%。

　　5.4 北京“星谷”助力航天强国梦

　　北京中关村，后厂村以北、东玉河以南的北清路沿线，多家商业卫星及产业链企业星罗棋布，聚集在一片叫作“星谷”的热土上。一批商业卫星从这里飞出，飞向太空，创造了商业航天多个高光时刻。

　　“3，2，1，点火！”2024年4月28日，位于北京“星谷”的遨天科技公司，专门为太空卫星量身打造的氪气电推进发动机正在智能制造车间开展点火试验。

　　遨天科技研发总监刘同波说，这款自主研发的专用于卫星的新能源发动机，能节省90%推进剂、降低40%卫星质量，高可靠、高效率、低成本地助推卫星快速入轨。

　　遨天科技，这项技术背后的科技企业仅成立6年，已实现在轨订单、产品交付、应用数量、技术成熟度等多项领先。而这仅是北京“星谷”逐梦太空的一个缩影。

　　北京是中国航天事业的发源地之一。“星谷”所在的北京海淀，航天科技、航天科工、中国科学院等机构聚集，是北京“南箭北星”产业布局中“北星”的主要承载地。这里坐拥商业航天产业链企业及机构近200家，初步形成了涵盖卫星研制、卫星测控、卫星运营等卫星相关的全产业链生态。

　　向着最前沿的技术执着攻关，瞄准“卡脖子”领域与行业空白，以技术创新力铸就核心竞争力，塑造了“星谷”的独特优势。

　　“星谷”运营方中关村意谷（北京）科技服务有限公司董事长姜珂说，“星谷”的企业成立时间不长，但不少企业“小步快跑”，短短几年就完成了从“村高新”到“国高新”的跨越。

　　业绩节节攀升、年营业收入已突破5亿元的国科天成尝到了自主研发的甜头。不久前，其自主研发的红外组件因极高的性价比，让海外市场加急增派订单。

　　产品的抢手，与企业深耕光电领域、注重自主研发密不可分。国科天成董事长罗珏典感慨，创新之路是一场没有终点的马拉松。一步一个脚印向前，才能赢得一个接一个突破。

　　先行先试的机制创新、向前一步的主动服务，更让创新主体心无旁骛、放心发展。2024年，北京市印发加快商业航天创新发展行动方案（2024-2028年），海淀区发布建设商业航天创新高地行动计划（2024-2028年），统筹市区两级资源，推动产业链条提质、应用场景开放、创新生态优化。

　　瞄准卫星组网与通信、宇航遥感与监测等关键核心领域，北京设立北京市自然科学基金商业航天领域联合基金，支持原始创新，基金规模累计高达3.8亿元，目前北京已有7个区39家企业参与。

　　“星谷”的辐射力日益扩大，巩固了区域发展新优势。如今，北京海淀正向着“双百双千”的新目标进发——力争到2028年建成100万平方米产业空间，培育100家专精特新企业，在轨运行卫星数量超1000颗，商业航天产业规模超1000亿元，为加快实现空天信息科技领域的创新突破、托起航天强国梦贡献新力量。

　　5.5 在光电子信息产业领域独树一帜的“中国光谷”

　　成立于1988年的武汉东湖高新区，是中国第一根光纤的诞生地、国家光电子信息产业基地，其规模和创新实力突出，被誉为“中国光谷”。目前，这里已聚集1.6万家光电子信息企业，涵盖光纤应用延伸的光芯屏端网全产业链，地区生产总值超2700亿元。

　　一个个“首创”“第一”在此诞生。例如，全国首个400G相干商用硅光收发芯片、世界领先的232层三维闪存存储芯片、全国首台最大功率10万瓦的工业光纤激光器等。

　　一根光纤拉出世界级光电子信息产业基地。“中国光谷”聚焦“光”引领、矢志“芯”突破、推动“屏”崛起、促进“端”成长、强化“网”赋能，深入实施建链补链延链计划，打造具有国际竞争力的产业集群。

　　瞄准核心技术，一批位于“中国光谷”的光电子信息企业强化自主创新意识，以标准开路，不仅引领中国市场，还成功进入海外市场，牢牢掌握产业发展主导权。

　　武汉光迅科技股份有限公司，是中国最大光通信器件供货商之一，也是一家专注光电子器件系统性、战略性研发的高科技企业。该企业研发人员抓住光纤通信带宽向C++波段演进的趋势，于2020年研制出光纤放大器产品，树立了这一领域的国际标准。

　　中国信科集团，通过坚持自主研发，拥有专利超2万件，90%为发明专利，主导制定80余项相关国际标准，培育了一批具备国际视野、技术精专的标准人才队伍。

　　“中国光谷”致力于打造一批科学研究基础设施，聚集世界各地才智、建立创新生态系统、打造开放共享的科研中心。湖北九峰山实验室便是其中之一。

　　“科技创新要‘从0到1’，更要实现‘从1到10’的突破。”湖北九峰山实验室主任丁琪超介绍，实验室已建成业界领先的化合物半导体基础设施，包括9000平方米洁净室以及一流的化合物半导体工艺、检测、材料平台等。

　　当前，上百个项目同时在此运转，不仅注重联合学界、产业界围绕共性关键技术的堵点进行前沿探索和技术攻关，也注重打通全产业链条中的断点，推动产学研融合发展。

　　在这里，孵化加速及制造基地也应运而生。在湖北九峰山实验室南面，研发办公楼、中试车间、洁净厂房、会议中心、人才公寓等设施已经启动建设，“政产学研金服用”创新共同体有望再结硕果。

　　5.6 中国西部科技创新港打造“没有围墙的大学”

　　在西安交通大学的中国西部科技创新港，新型储能与能量转换纳米材料研究中心的研发平台正对多种储能与能量转换材料展开试验。这一共享技术平台成立至今，不仅取得多项技术突破，而且已孵化出5家新能源领域企业，涉及锂电池、钠电池、制氢、储氢等领域。

　　西安一九零八新能源科技有限公司就是其中之一。这家依托西安交通大学原创性科技成果转化成立的高新技术企业，为解决氢能储运行业痛点，开发出系列新型高密度固态储氢材料，可满足氢气的长期存储、长途运输等需求，并能广泛用于工业供氢、电力能源、移动应用等场景，技术已处于国际前列。

　　“新兴领域企业在发展初期不可能离开高校的滋养。”公司创始人、西安交通大学教授成永红表示，在中试平台建成投用之前，企业一直在与创新港一墙之隔的小区里办公，就是为了人员、信息等要素无缝对接。在这些方面，西安交通大学发挥着重要的支撑作用。

　　中国西部科技创新港是陕西省和西安交通大学积极融入共建“一带一路”倡议，以及落实创新驱动发展，推动西部大开发的重要平台，位于西安西咸新区的一期由平台区、学院区及孵化区构成，其中平台区已在理、工、医、文四大方向建立了8大平台、30个研究院和300多个科研平台，汇聚3万名科技人才。

　　作为西安交通大学“打破围墙办大学”理念探索的有力载体，中国西部科技创新港积极探索“一中心、一孵化、两围绕、一共享”产学研深度融合新模式，着力汇聚全球创新资源、聚焦国家发展战略、对接地方产业需求、引入各类金融资本、培育良好创新生态、培养卓越创新人才，截至目前已与170多家领军企业、科研院所开展务实合作。

　　更多探索在推进：强调体系化、任务型的创新联合体，锚定重大目标，让学术界与产业界的联结更为紧密。通过引入金融资本，建立大企业承载的技术成果转化孵化器，做到“成熟一批、孵化一批”。发挥“双一流”大学的吸引力，建立起校企联合的海外高端人才引进、培养和使用机制，努力实现学校招、企业供、政府助、多方赢。

　　“在创新联合体中，校企双方通过组建‘科学家+工程师’团队，打破传统的‘甲乙双方、一个项目、一纸合同、一笔经费’合作模式，加快企业主导的产学研深度融合。”西安交通大学党委书记卢建军介绍。

　　2021年以来，西安交通大学从3万余项存量技术成果中梳理1300项易于转化的成果推送给企业，学校转让、许可专利1000余件，已实现转化科技型企业204家。

　　5.7 山东加速数实融合推动产业数字化

　　位于潍坊高新技术产业开发区的潍柴集团一号工厂总装车间内，一台台工业机器人快速“飞舞”，一辆辆自动导向车（AGV）忙碌奔走，从物料投放到在线检测，再到生产节拍提升，实时监测、动态调整，设备的自动化率达到99%。随处可见的电子显示屏上，反映生产进度的数字持续跳动，平均每85秒就有一台柴油发动机下线。

　　作为国家首批智能制造试点示范项目，潍柴加速推进新一代信息技术与制造融合应用。视觉识别、在线检测、机器人等诸多智能制造技术被广泛应用于生产过程；信息化支撑平台犹如“数字大脑”，覆盖产品全生命周期，不仅推动生产的智能化、自动化、数字化，还延展至整个企业运营。

　　潍柴是山东加速数实融合、推动传统制造业改造升级发展新质生产力的一个典型代表。

　　近年来，山东出台《关于加快数字经济高质量发展的意见》《山东省制造业数字化转型行动方案(2022-2025年)》等一系列政策，创建全国首个中小企业数字化转型促进中心，推出数字产业化“十大工程”和产业数字化“八大行动”，加强数字人才队伍建设，省级层面启动设立100亿元专项基金，国家级工业互联网平台数量、产业数字化指数、制造业数字化转型指数、数实融合指数均居全国前列。

　　建设工业互联网平台，是推动产业数字化的重要抓手。山东持续开展“工赋山东”专项行动，加快工业互联网规模化应用，着力打造一批典型场景，带动企业批量数字化转型。

　　在有“中国轴承之乡”之称的聊城临清市，依托工业互联网平台，全市轴承产业已上“云”企业超过400家、设备5000余台套，相关企业平均用工、能耗减少20%，竞争力大大增强。

　　目前，山东拥有47个国家级工业互联网平台，省级以上平台累计接入工业设备超1000万台，服务全国企业300余万家。

　　为实现政府、行业及企业间的数据聚、通、用，山东大力推进“产业大脑”建设。目前，山东已先后培育32个省级“产业大脑”。“产业大脑”省级能力中心已汇聚“小快轻准”产品和解决方案957个，服务中小微企业49500家。浪潮云洲参与打造的山东专用车整车“产业大脑”，降低行业原材料供需匹配时间70%，多款专用车零部件生产成本下降近四分之一。

　　同时，山东持续推进数字基建。截至2023年底，山东累计建成开通5G基站20.2万个、确定性网络1.18万公里，接入工业互联网标识解析国家顶级节点29个，注册在用物联网终端数达2.3亿个。

　　2023年，山东全省规上工业企业数字化转型覆盖率达到87.3%，中小企业特色产业集群工业互联网应用普及率达到50%。山东规划，2024年全省规上工业企业数字化转型覆盖率达到90%左右，到2025年数字经济总量占全省生产总值比重超过50%。

　　5.8 新能源汽车产业的重庆实践

　　2024年4月中旬，德国总理朔尔茨访问中国，首站便来到位于中国西南的直辖市——重庆，并携奔驰、宝马等汽车企业高管一起参观了博世氢动力系统(重庆)有限公司。

　　作为中国汽车工业重镇，重庆近年来抢抓新能源汽车产业风口，着力打造新能源汽车创新高地，形成了以16家新能源整车企业、约200家规模以上配套企业为基础，涵盖纯电、增程、混合动力、氢动力等全技术路线，融合智能网联、自动驾驶等技术的全产业链“图谱”。

　　2023年，博世氢动力系统（重庆）有限公司氢动力总成产品出货量超过1000台，位居国内前列。基于这些成果，其母公司之一的庆铃汽车，相继推出从4.5吨至18吨不同规格的氢动力商用车，在推进前沿技术产业化方面走在前列。

　　走进长安汽车全球研发中心，一辆辆兼具科技感与高颜值的新能源汽车依次排列，全电数字平台、高算力中央计算平台等最新科技成果也集中展示。长安汽车董事长朱华荣说，多年来公司持续加码研发，已掌握600余项智能互联、智能驾驶等领域技术。

　　在打造新能源汽车创新高地的过程中，重庆意识到这不仅需要整车及配套企业精耕细作、换道超车，还需要ICT及互联网企业的加持。瞄准产业跨界合作发展趋势，重庆近年来引入华为、百度等企业，推动前沿技术先行先试、试点示范，有力驱动了产业发展。

　　打开手机App一键“召唤”，一辆无人驾驶汽车旋即驶来，将乘客送达目的地后自行离去……这样的智慧出行场景，每天在重庆永川区上演。2022年，百度公司在永川率先开展全无人化自动驾驶商业运营，并以场景应用带动产业落地，陆续吸引了酷哇科技、聚速毫米波雷达等10余家企业聚集成势。

　　技术创新带来产品竞争力的提升——2024年一季度，重庆新能源汽车产量同比增速超过100%，预计全年产量将达到100万辆。其中，重庆赛力斯汽车首次实现季度盈利2.2亿元。得益于与华为公司联合打造问界（AITO）这一高端品牌，华为公司的汽车软硬件技术在赛力斯汽车全面开花，问界品牌累计销量接近30万辆，其中问界新M7车型累计交付量超12万辆。

　　“当前，重庆正从整车研发制造、关键零部件配套及应用场景搭建、充换电基础设施建设等多方面持续发力，打造万亿元级智能网联新能源汽车产业集群。”重庆市经济和信息化委员会有关负责人说，重庆也正在积极推进自动驾驶及车联网创新应用，加快软件、人工智能与汽车产业深度融合，为汽车行业未来发展蓄力。

　　5.9 粤港澳大湾区建设活跃科技集群

　　得益于广州“天河二号”超级计算机以及高效高精算法技术分析，香港大学副教授林赞育能更加便捷地在海量的病原体基因数据以及其他流行病学和生态学数据中，追踪重要病原体的起源、传播和进化。

　　同样在广州超算的助力下，香港科技大学海洋动力和模拟研究组甘剑平教授团队开发了新的三维、高分辨率中国海多尺度海洋环流模型，其科研成果取得了重大突破。

　　“过去5年，港科大共有超过200位教师使用广州超算。广州超算中心提供的平台，让我们可以做一些原来做不了的事情。”香港科技大学霍英东研究院院长高民说。

　　粤港澳大湾区科创资源密集、创新创业活跃。近年来，三地携手推进大湾区国际科技创新中心和综合性国家科学中心建设，促进创新要素高效联通、创新效能持续增强、创新产业蓬勃发展，不断释放科技创新的“湾区力量”。

　　在南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州），大湾区海洋科技力量正在展开合作。这家实验室把总部设在广州南沙，并在香港、深圳分别设立了分部，向香港分部拨付3800万元人民币。

　　“香港和内地科技交流不断扩大，各方面正在创造条件，鼓励香港科技工作者参与内地科技计划。”该实验室香港分部主任、香港科技大学海洋科学系创系主任钱培元说。

　　协同引才也按下“快进键”。横琴粤澳深度合作区发挥琴澳两地制度和资源叠加优势，探索琴澳协同引才新模式，充分利用澳门大学、澳门科技大学人才“蓄水池”作用，引进集聚一批具备较高专业素养、熟悉国际市场运作、有志于创新创业的人才。

　　粤港澳大湾区内的城市，具有各自的突出优势。广州高校和科研院所云集，基础科研能力突出，拥有国家实验室、综合类国家技术创新中心、国家重大科技基础设施等国家级重大平台。深圳企业力量优势突出，全社会研发投入的94%都来自企业。香港拥有世界百强大学中的5所，特区政府公布了《香港创新科技发展蓝图》，并在过去几年投入超2000亿港元，加速创新生态的蓬勃发展。

　　得益于城市之间优势互补，粤港澳大湾区不断激发科技集群发展的巨大潜力。世界知识产权组织2023年9月发布的2023年版全球创新指数（GII）“科技集群”排名显示，深圳—香港—广州集群位列第二，这也是该科技集群连续4年排名高居全球第二位。

　　目前，粤港澳科技创新规则衔接、机制对接正在进一步深化，积极推动钱过境、人往来、税平衡、物流通，更好地集聚创新要素。这也意味着，在“一国两制”下，推动不同制度和体系之间的互动、开放，进而产生更多化学反应，让大湾区在基础科研、应用技术等方面实现更好的融合发展。

　　5.10 成渝共建西部科学城努力形成创新高地

　　“目前，平台已上线仪器设备272台（套）、发布技术服务清单232项，为来自成渝及全国100余家集成电路设计企业提供数千次的专业服务。”天府新区集成电路设计创新公共平台企业经营发展中心负责人说。

　　这家位于西部（成都）科学城的公共平台，有“芯片医院”之称，能为企业解决概念验证、产品研发、中试生产中的技术难题，让成渝两地芯片企业大幅降低研发成本、研发周期也大大缩短。

　　成渝地区双城经济圈建设提出4年来，两地围绕建设具有全国影响力的科技创新中心，高水平共建西部科学城。

　　近年来，西部（成都）科学城构建形成“一核四区多基地”空间布局，构建“国家实验室+省级实验室+重点实验室”的高水平实验室体系，加快建设西部首个国家实验室，构筑学科方向关联、功能互相支撑的大装置集群。西部（重庆）科学城通过聚力打造数智科技、生命健康、新材料、绿色低碳4大科创高地，在人工智能、区块链、云计算、大数据等16个重要领域深耕发展。

　　围绕共建西部科学城，成渝两地相向而行，突出做优做强创新策源转化核心功能、培育壮大现代产业体系，创新资源不断汇聚、创新活力积极迸发的新格局初步成型。

　　一是协同布局重大创新平台。截至今年3月底，川渝全国重点实验室数量已达27个，重大科技平台319个，新建国家科技创新基地22个，建成国家级创新平台316个。目前，西部科学城上万台套大型仪器设备已经实现开放共享，川渝联合实施的核心技术攻关项目超过160项，攻克了一批难题。

　　二是优势互补深化产研合作。四川天府新区企业联合重庆科研院所开展科研项目9个，其中航天科工大数据、远望探测公司获得成都市区域合作科技项目支持；成都超算中心已与中科院重庆绿色智能研究院、重庆塞力斯汽车等50余家用户建立了合作关系。

　　三是突出特色发力科技服务。成渝两地将科技服务作为推动技术创新和成果转化的重要抓手。例如，天府国际技术转移中心与两江新区明月湖协同创新研究院合作，在链接两地资源、推动要素互通上进一步创新探索。

　　以共建西部科学城为牵引，川渝科技成果转化能量正充分释放，两地汇聚科技型企业近7万家、高新技术企业2.1万家，技术合同登记成交额突破2800亿元。

　　结 语

　　中国共产党从诞生之日起就代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，肩负变革旧的生产关系、建立新的生产关系的历史使命。

　　发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。中共十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把进一步解放和发展社会生产力作为实现中华民族伟大复兴最根本和最紧迫的任务，指引中国经济进入高质量发展阶段。在发展新质生产力、实现高质量发展、建设社会主义现代化国家这一必然的逻辑推进中，新质生产力的形成和发展将为中国顺应新一轮科技革命和产业变革趋势，努力实现社会生产力可持续跨越式发展，以高质量发展推进中国式现代化、全面建成社会主义现代化强国提供重要支撑。

　　生产力是人类社会发展的根本动力。面对全球发展面临的共同挑战，新质生产力将为人类社会生产力发展打开新思路新空间，不仅能够推动中国自身的现代化建设，也将惠及广大发展中国家乃至整个人类社会的现代化进程。

　　注释

　　[1] 《习近平在中共中央政治局第十一次集体学习时强调 加快发展新质生产力 扎实推进高质量发展》，新华社，2024年2月1日

　　[2] 《习近平在中共中央政治局第十一次集体学习时强调 加快发展新质生产力 扎实推进高质量发展》，新华社，2024年2月1日

　　[3] 《马克思恩格斯文集》第7卷，人民出版社，2009年12月

　　[4] 《资本论：第一卷》，人民出版社，2018年4月

　　[5] 《当代中国马克思主义评论（第2辑）》，社会科学文献出版社，2018年4月

　　[6] 《共产党宣言》，人民出版社，2015年1月

　　[7] 《毛泽东文集》第7卷，人民出版社，1999年6月

　　[8] 《邓小平文选第三卷》，人民出版社，2001年4月

　　[9] 《习近平：切实把思想统一到党的十八届三中全会精神上来》，新华社，2013年12月31日

　　[10] 《习近平强调，坚持科技是第一生产力人才是第一资源创新是第一动力》，新华社，2022年10月16日

　　[11] 《习近平在中共中央政治局第十一次集体学习时强调 推动全党学习和掌握历史唯物主义 更好认识规律更加能动地推进工作》，新华社，2013年12月4日

　　[12] 《习近平在中共中央政治局第十一次集体学习时强调 加快发展新质生产力 扎实推进高质量发展》，新华社，2024年2月1日

　　[13] 《马克思恩格斯全集（第三卷）》，人民出版社，2002年10月

　　[14] 《习近平：在纪念马克思诞辰200周年大会上的讲话》，新华社，2018年5月4日

　　[15] 《习近平：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜 为全面建设社会主义现代化国家而团结奋斗——在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上的报告》，新华社，2022年10月25日

　　[16] 国家统计局：《中华人民共和国2023年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》，2024年2月

　　[17] 《习近平在中共中央政治局第十一次集体学习时强调 加快发展新质生产力 扎实推进高质量发展》，新华社，2024年2月1日

　　[18] 《马克思恩格斯文集》，人民出版社，2009年

　　[19] 《邓小平文选（全三卷）》，人民出版社，1994年

　　[20] 《习近平在湖南考察时强调 坚持改革创新求真务实 奋力谱写中国式现代化湖南篇章 蔡奇陪同考察》，新华社，2024年3月21日

　　[21] 《习近平：在中国科学院第十九次院士大会、中国工程院第十四次院士大会上的讲话》，新华社，2018年5月28日

　　[22] 《习近平在中共中央政治局第三次集体学习时强调 切实加强基础研究 夯实科技自立自强根基》，新华社，2023年2月22日

　　[23] 《习近平主持召开新时代推动东北全面振兴座谈会强调：牢牢把握东北的重要使命奋力谱写东北全面振兴新篇章 蔡奇丁薛祥出席》，新华社，2023年9月9日

　　[24] 《习近平在参加江苏代表团审议时强调：因地制宜发展新质生产力》，新华社，2024年3月5日

　　[25] 《习近平在中共中央政治局第十一次集体学习时强调 加快发展新质生产力 扎实推进高质量发展》，新华社，2024年2月1日

　　[26]《习近平：在经济社会领域专家座谈会上的讲话》，新华社，2020年8月24日

　　[27] 《习近平在中共中央政治局第十一次集体学习时强调 加快发展新质生产力 扎实推进高质量发展》，新华社，2024年2月1日

　　[28] 《习近平在中共中央政治局第十一次集体学习时强调 加快发展新质生产力 扎实推进高质量发展》，新华社，2024年2月1日

　　[29] 《习近平在中共中央政治局第十一次集体学习时强调 加快发展新质生产力 扎实推进高质量发展》，新华社，2024年2月1日

　　[30] 《习近平在中共中央政治局第十一次集体学习时强调 加快发展新质生产力 扎实推进高质量发展》，新华社，2024年2月1日

　　[31] 《习近平主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第二次会议强调 建设更高水平开放型经济新体制 推动能耗双控逐步转向碳排放双控》，新华社，2023年7月11日

　　[32]《习近平在第三届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛开幕式上的主旨演讲》，新华社，2023年10月18日

　　[33] 《习近平接受外国新任驻华大使递交国书》，新华社，2024年1月30日

　　[34] 《彭博社：中国将是未来5年全球经济增长最大贡献者 贡献率超七国集团》，新华社，2024年4月20日

　　[35] 《外媒：渲染中国“绿色产能过剩”危及全球能源转型》，新华社，2024年4月22日

　　[36] 《世界坐标中的中国经济基本面》，新华社，2024年2月8日

　　[37] 《打造中国经济向“新”力 共建繁荣美好世界——习近平总书记关于发展新质生产力重要论述引发海外人士热议》，新华社，2024年3月6日

　　[38] 《习近平在中国共产党与世界政党高层对话会上的主旨讲话》，新华社，2023年3月15日

　　[39] 《习近平在参加江苏代表团审议时强调 因地制宜发展新质生产力》，新华社，2024年3月5日

　　名词解释

　　1、国家实验室体系

　　是指以国家实验室为核心，全国重点实验室为支撑，各类科技创新基地协同合作、良性互动的平台体系。建设结构合理、运行高效的国家实验室体系，一方面要以国家目标和战略需求为导向，加速推进国家实验室建设，建立跨学科、大协同科研组织模式；另一方面要优化整合现有国家重点实验室，通过调整、充实、整合、撤销等方式，提升创新链和产业链支撑能力。

　　2、未来产业

　　是指由前沿科技创新驱动，当前处于萌芽阶段或产业化初期，具备成长为先导产业和支柱产业的巨大发展潜力，对未来经济社会发展具有重大引领和变革作用的前瞻性新兴产业。

　　3、现代化基础设施体系

　　是指围绕推进中国式现代化、保障总体国家安全、构筑国际竞争新优势，在各领域基础设施发展基础之上，通过完善布局、优化结构、拓展功能和系统集成，形成的设施网络完备、枢纽节点支撑有力、装备技术先进、管理服务高效的有机整体，主要包括交通、能源、水利、信息（数字）以及生态、环境、科技、金融等基础设施。

　　4、新型基础设施

　　是以信息网络为基础，以技术创新为驱动，提供数字转型、智能升级、融合创新等方面的基础性、公共性服务，其内涵随着新技术的成熟应用而不断拓展。当前主要包括三类：一是信息基础设施。主要是指基于新一代信息技术演化生成的基础设施，包括5G网络、数据中心等基础设施。二是融合基础设施。主要是指深度应用信息技术，促进传统基础设施转型升级，进而形成的基础设施新形态，包括智能交通物流设施等。三是创新基础设施。主要是指支撑科学研究、技术开发、产品及服务研制的基础设施，包括科学研究设施等。

　　5、产业创新工程

　　是指推动新兴产业、未来产业发展的重要抓手，围绕重大工程项目建设、战略性产品开发、应用场景拓展等实际需求，组织实施关键核心技术攻关、中试验证能力建设、自主创新产品应用示范，一体化配置项目、基地、人才、资金等创新资源，推动产业链上中下游、大中小企业融通创新，打造具有全球竞争力的新兴产业集群，真正把创新落实到创造新的增长点上。

　　6、国家战略性新兴产业集群发展工程

　　是指为抢抓新一轮科技革命和产业变革制高点、构建国际竞争新优势，国家部署推进的一项系统性工程。通过培育若干具有全球影响力的战略性新兴产业基地、布局一批具备国际竞争力的战略性新兴产业集群、引导地方建设和发展各具特色的战略性新兴产业生态，推动战略性新兴产业融合化、集群化、生态化发展，培育壮大新的增长点增长极，构建各具特色、优势互补、结构合理的战略性新兴产业集群梯次发展体系。

　　7、“人工智能+”行动

　　“人工智能+”行动推动人工智能技术与经济社会各领域深度融合，支撑各行业应用创新，赋能百业智能化转型升级，提高生产效率，激发创新活力，重塑产业生态，培育经济发展新动能，形成更广泛的以人工智能为创新要素的经济社会发展新形态。

　　8、东数西算

　　2022年，按照中共中央、国务院部署，围绕落实国家重大区域发展战略，根据能源结构、产业布局、市场发展、气候环境等情况，在京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区、成渝，以及内蒙古、贵州、甘肃、宁夏等地布局建设国家算力枢纽节点，发展数据中心集群，引导数据中心集约化、规模化、绿色化发展。“东数西算”工程是在全国一体化统筹布局算力基础设施建设，有利于充分发挥体制机制优势，优化算力资源配置，深化东西部算力协同。

　　9、“数据要素×”行动

　　是指聚焦重点行业和领域，推动数据要素与劳动力、资本、技术等要素协同，促进数据多场景应用、多主体复用，加快多元数据融合，提高全要素生产率，开辟经济增长新空间，培育经济发展新动能。

　　10、海陆空全空间无人体系市场准入建设

　　海陆空全空间无人体系是通过对无人机、无人车、无人船、电动垂直起降飞行器等海陆空多种无人装备及其配套基础设施一体运行和监管的新型物流运输体系。完善市场准入规则，系统性构建无人体系政策法规、标准检测认证、数据管理、运行监管等体制机制，优化空域资源、数据算力、通信频率、路权分配、国土空间等要素资源的配置方式，形成低空经济、物流交通、车路协同等领域融合发展的新动能。2022年1月，经中共中央、国务院同意，国家发展改革委以市场准入特别措施的形式推动开展海陆空全空间无人体系建设。2023年9月，安徽省合肥市建成全球首个全空间无人体系城市级应用示范项目。按照有关工作安排，2024年将发布一批海陆空全空间无人体系技术标准，建设检测认证平台，在横琴粤澳深度合作区、广州市南沙新区等地推广示范经验。

　　参考文献

　　1. 韩文秀，《巩固和增强经济回升向好态势》，人民日报，2024年1月

　　2. 国家发展改革委，《加快建设全国统一大市场 为构建新发展格局提供坚强支撑》，求是，2022年6月

　　3. 怀进鹏，《加快建设教育强国》，人民日报，2022年12月

　　4. 习近平经济思想研究中心，《新质生产力的内涵特征和发展重点》，人民日报，2024年3月

　　5. 孙学工、荣晨，《中国新质生产力为全球发展注入新动能，光明日报，2024年3月

　　6. 卢延纯，《夯实数据要素驱动基础 培育数据资产价格链》，价格理论与实践，2023年第3期

　　7. 胡拥军，《前瞻布局未来产业：优势条件、实践探索与政策取向》，《改革》，2023年第9期

　　8. 张于喆，《加快战略性新兴产业融合集群发展》，经济日报，2024年6月

　　9. 贺俊，《新质生产力的经济学本质与核心命题》，人民论坛杂志，2024年

　　10. 燕连福，《统筹教育科技人才工作 推动新质生产力发展》，光明日报，2024年4月

　　11. 陈启清，《健全和完善生产要素参与分配机制》，人民网，2020年3月

　　12. 刘志彪，《发展新质生产力为世界经济注入新活力》，光明日报，2024年4月

　　13. 吴文，《加快形成新质生产力事关中国现代化全局》，北京日报，2023年10月

　　14. 席伟健，《新质生产力将改变地缘政治格局》，环球网，2023年12月

　　编写说明

　　《更好赋能中国繁荣世界——新质生产力的理论贡献和实践价值》智库报告课题组由新华通讯社社长、新华社国家高端智库学术委员会主任傅华任组长，新华通讯社总编辑吕岩松任副组长，新华通讯社副总编辑任卫东任执行副组长。课题组成员包括刘刚、张旭东、邹伟、安蓓、傅琰、程云杰、袁军宝、商意盈、张紫赟、胡喆、张辛欣、戴小河、陈炜伟、李延霞、何慧媛、梁劲、陈雍容、贾远琨、张漫子、马晓澄、王自宸、郑昕、黄兴、杨思琪、李力可等。课题组成员从新华社总社多个部门和国内分社抽调，均为从事新闻报道及研究工作的骨干力量。

　　课题自2023年9月立项启动以来，历时9个月学习、调研、撰写、修改、审校。课题组全体成员认真学习习近平总书记关于新质生产力系列重要论述，广泛采访权威部门和机构、专家学者、企业界人士、科研工作者等，梳理新质生产力的理论脉络和实践路径，挖掘典型案例和生动故事，精心研究写作，历经多版本修改，并征求权威部门和有关专家学者意见，最终形成此报告。