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The Spirit of Standardization, Legalization and Normalization [规范化-法治化-正规化], the "Three Transformations" [“三化”], now appear as the new bars on the cognitive cage of Chinese Leninism (my discussion of cognitive cages in the context of Chinese social credit systems here). "Standardization, Legalization, and Normalization" add a quite interesting layer of meaning to the New Era Leninist theoretical enterprise, not because of what they each mean (or the way they are meant to be understood), but for the way they can be woven together to further the more immediate challenge of the coordination of the premises, principles, objects, and expectations now built into New Era Leninism since the 18th CPC Congress, with the Communist Party of China at its core, and with the leadership of the CPC at the core of that core.
Let's consider each term in turn. Standardization is the object/thing that must be undertaken. It suggests the process of creating uniformity--from out of many, one. That is an ancient and virtually universal impulse, especially in the context of economic activity (though also with respect to religion, culture and the like, though more problematically there). To some extent it is pragmatic--standard size sockets for light bulbs, standard measurements, standard plugs for electronics, etc. are useful and Indeed the impulse has produced its own international organs. Unification of standards of conduct, standards of premises governing approaches to action, standards of core principles suggest a regulation of political conduct by standard--that is against principles the expectations of which then serve as the basis for exercising one's role in the political sphere (CPC cadre) as well as in the administrative organs (officials exercising managerial discretion). Legalization is the means to impose standardization as legitimate and authoritative within a political community, and with predictable and uniform characteristics. Legalization itself, then, can be understood as both form and method--as urtext--of standardization. It is grounded in the sensibilities and character of law and legal systems. Those, in turn, are expressions or manifestations of the rules (also standards of a sort) through which behaviors, ideas, things, processes, and the like conform or must be conformed. It is an active element of law--it denotes the doing of law, the way that to standardize denotes the "doing" of standardization. Lastly, normalization (or regularization) evokes the goal of self-enforcement. Normalization might be understood as the condition of internalization, in this case of legalized standards so that people become the primary enforcers of the standards reducing the need for external mechanisms of enforcement, and so that solidarity can be enhanced. And solidarity might, in turn, return one to standardization. In this sense, the condition of the normal or regular produces the effect pf the solid, the unity or uniformity of the complying population around the standards, the formal evocation of which is undertaken (or reinforced, or managed) through external rules.
Standardization, legalization and normalization do not just create a sort of closed loop of governance (perhaps better govermentality). That closed loop requires a set of premises against which the project of standardization may be undertaken, its legalization may be used to transpose standards into authoritative rules (and governance directions for the masses and officials), and its internalization undertaken through projects of instruction and propaganda and management of the modalities of the performance of solidarity in everyday life. Those premises, of course, are supplied by the social collective's governing ideology--in this case Chinese Marxist-Leninism as articulated in the current stage of Chinese historical development. It is in this way that each can serve as the bars (standards, laws, normality) within which the Marxist-Leninist system can both "know" and "express" itself in a rationalized and comprehensive way. One understands, then, the reason why such a project would appear to be of great importance to the CPC's leadership core. And one can understand, as will be considered in more detail below, why, when this is applied to the organization and operation of the CPC itself, the functions of inspection and discipline, aided by the performances of self-revolution and contained within theoretically correct trajectories of social revolution, become a central element of governance, leadership, and control. The essence of the vanguard lies in its standards, legalities, and normalization effectuated through self-revolution at the individual level and social revolution at the collective level, and undertaken at every level and in every organ of collective life. And today that governmentality is driven by the logic of socialist modernization.
The "Three Transformations" [“三化”] concept, and its underlying semiotics, now serve an important role in rationalizing the pragmatics (through theory of course!) of Socialist Modernization in the New Era. They describe what might usefully be understood as an aspect of high quality production, especially where it also touches on the embedding of innovative tech-based instruments into the operation of administrative organs. In 学习《决定》每日问答 | 怎样理解促进政务服务标准化、规范化、便利化 [Daily Q&A on the Decision | How to Understand Promoting Standardization, Regularization, and Convenience of Government Services]. It described four perspectives:
政务服务标准化，就是要着力实现政务服务精准、统一、协调。* * * 政务服务规范化，就是要着力实现政务服务流程、行为、要素保障、考核评价的统一规制。* * * 政务服务便利化，就是要着力实现政务服务高效、便捷、低成本。* * * 优化政务服务、提升行政效能永无止境。[Standardizing government services means striving to achieve precise, unified, and coordinated government services. * * * Regularizing government services means striving to achieve unified regulation of government service processes, behaviors, element support, and assessment and evaluation. * * * Facilitating government services means striving to achieve efficient, convenient, and low-cost government services. * * * Optimizing government services and improving administrative efficiency are never-ending efforts.]
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Within national organs, that spirit of transformation must be aligned with the spirit of self-revolution [自我革命精神] (see here). This was recently considered in 习近平 深入推进党的自我革命 [Xi Jinping, Deepen the Party's Self-Revolution] (Part of a speech at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection on January 8, 2024)).
To promote the self-revolution of the Party, we must unremittingly arm the whole Party with the Party's innovative theories, educate and guide the majority of Party members and cadres to work hard to deepen the transformation, absorb the ideological nutrition contained therein, such as firm ideals and beliefs, strengthen party spirit training, and improve spiritual realm and moral level, and constantly improve the firmness of the Party's self-revolution. [推进党的自我革命，必须坚持不懈用党的创新理论武装全党，教育引导广大党员、干部在深化转化上下功夫，汲取其中蕴含的坚定理想信念、加强党性锻炼、提升精神境界和道德水平等思想营养，不断提高党的自我革命的坚定性。] (Xi, Deepen the Party's Self-Revolution).
That self-revolution is also aligned with emerging understanding of a "Great Social Revolution" (伟大社会革命).
社会革命是指人们改造社会的重大变革。其最深刻的根源是生产关系和生产力的矛盾。当现存的生产关系成为生产力继续发展的严重障碍时，就要求通过社会革命，改变旧的生产关系以及维护这种生产关系的旧的上层建筑，即改变社会制度解放被束缚的生产力，推动社会进一步向前发展。在阶级社会里，社会革命是阶级斗争的必然趋势和集中表现。[Social revolution refers to major changes in people's transformation of society. Its most profound root is the contradiction between production relations and productivity. When the existing production relations become a serious obstacle to the continued development of productivity, it is necessary to change the old production relations and the old superstructure that maintains such production relations through social revolution, that is, to change the social system to liberate the bound productivity and promote the further development of society. In a class society, social revolution is the inevitable trend and concentrated expression of class struggle.] (Baidu (社会革命)).
The concepts of self and social revolutions are intimately connected with transformation, and more importantly with transformations that move society forward toward its perfection, and thus closer to the goal of establishing a communist society in China (see 伟大的社会革命与伟大的自我革命 [The Great Social Revolution and the Great Self-Revolution] Qiushi 《求是》2018).
Grasping both "revolutions" simultaneously is the only path to revolutionary success. Social revolution and self-revolution are dialectically unified. Social revolution is the mission and lifelong task of Communists. Without social revolution, the Communist Party cannot be a proletarian revolutionary party. Self-revolution is an inevitable requirement for Communists to strengthen their revolutionary nature, political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal. Without self-revolution, the Communist Party will lose its revolutionary nature, political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal, and will be unable to lead the people in social revolution. Social revolution and self-revolution are interdependent and interconnected, unified in the ideology and practice of achieving victory in the social revolution led by the Party. [两个“革命”一起抓，是革命取得成功的必由之路。社会革命和自我革命是辩证统一的关系。社会革命是共产党人的使命所在，是共产党人的终身任务，离开了社会革命，共产党就不成其为无产阶级革命政党。自我革命是共产党人增强革命性、增强政治领导力思想引领力群众组织力和社会号召力的必然要求，不进行自我革命，共产党就会丧失革命性、丧失政治领导力思想引领力群众组织力和社会号召力，就不可能领导人民进行社会革命。社会革命和自我革命两者相互依存，相互联系，统一于实现党领导的社会革命取得胜利的思想和实践中。] (Ibid.).
That alignment then shapes approaches to the organization and development of State and Party organs in the context of the overall objective of further developing socialist modernization. That overall framework, then, provides a solid basis for understanding the role and importance of the Three Transformations to the further development of political/public organs through standardization, legalization, and normalization in their own contribution to socialist modernization aligned as well to related projects of Socialist rule of law. That alignment of the spirits of self-revolution and social revolution are then regularized within and given form and effect in the Three Transformations and the campaign to use those transformative objectives as a means of attaining forward movement in social and personal revolution.
All of this is useful and necessary applications of the now well structured apparatus of coordination among theoretical imperatives (Socialist Rule of Law, Socialist Core Values; Socialist Collectivization, and Socialist Whole Process Democracy within a system of People's Democratic Dictatorship). But all of that may be equally applied to the core of leadership--the CPC itself--the source of mimesis within the semiotic meaning making of New Era Leninism under conditions of Socialist Modernization directed relentlessly along the Socialist Path toward a Communist "home-base." (For my discussion of aspects of this from a 2007 baseline in a scientific concept of development HERE, to the implications of the 2024 3rd Plenum of the 20th CPC Congress for the CPC itself, HERE). To that end, the organs of inspection and discipline within the CPC assume a central role from the very center of CPC organization to young cadres at the start of their work in the field.
That appears to be the overall framework within which the Three Transformations have found expression in reform and operations of the 中国纪检监察报评论员 [China Discipline Inspection and Supervision], for which "2025 is a critical year for achieving full coverage of inspections" [2025年是推进巡视全覆盖的关键一年] (准确把握巡视重点 精准有效开展监督 [Accurately grasp the key points of inspections and conduct precise and effective supervision]). The fundamental task remains the same: "They should expose political deviations in implementation, particularly issues such as statements without implementation, lip service, compromise and workarounds, a distorted view of performance, and the pursuit of image and achievement projects. This will ensure the implementation of the Party Central Committee's major decisions and arrangements [揭示贯彻落实中的政治偏差，特别是只表态不落实、阳奉阴违、打折扣搞变通以及政绩观错位扭曲、搞形象工程和政绩工程等问题，推动党中央重大决策部署落实落地。]. (Ibid.).
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Advancing ideological awareness is to be undertaken within the framework, goals, and structures of New Era self-revolution.
As a vital force in advancing the Party's self-revolution, disciplinary inspection and supervisory organs shoulder significant responsibilities in maintaining the Party's advanced purity, resolving challenges unique to large parties, and fulfilling the Party's mission and tasks. Only by strengthening the "Three Transformations" and building a strong and resilient contingent can we push the entire Party to fully and thoroughly carry out its self-revolution. [纪检监察机关作为推进党的自我革命的重要力量，在永葆党的先进纯洁、解决大党独有难题、完成党的使命任务上肩负重大责任，只有加强“三化”建设、打造过硬铁军队伍，才能推动全党把自我革命进一步抓到位抓到底。]
Embedded within the project is the underlying notion of purity, and with purity, the Yan'an spirit.
Further improving the quality and efficiency of case handling draws in the principles of Socialist Rule of Law as a framework for transformation of discipline and supervision. " We must strictly abide by regulations, discipline, and the law, conscientiously study and master the newly revised Supervision Law, its implementing regulations, and relevant supporting systems and regulations. We must conduct our work strictly within the boundaries of authority, rules, and procedures, adhere to seeking truth from facts, and be objective and impartial." [要严格依规依纪依法，认真学习掌握新修改的监察法及其实施条例、有关配套制度规定，严格按照权限、规则、程序开展工作，坚持实事求是、客观公正，将“三化”要求落实到每一个环节、每一道程序、每一次调查核实中。] Here one moves in the sphere of socvial transformation.
Strengthening team building returns one to the fundamental notions of purity, but this time n the context of collective solidarity. "We must implement a combination of strict management and compassion, regularly purify the organization and rectify the team, and show zero tolerance for violations of discipline and law enforcement." [要实化严管厚爱结合，常态化纯洁组织、整肃队伍，对执纪违纪、执法违法行为零容忍] Again, the spirit of Yan'an for the New Era and its modalities in self-revolution, but now for collective solidarity.
That leads to the transformation in education and training. " We must conduct targeted training based on different levels and categories, adhering to the principle of learning what we do and addressing any deficiencies. We must conduct discipline and law training across the entire operational chain, comprehensively strengthening ideological refinement, political experience, practical training, and professional development to better equip discipline inspection and supervision cadres with the capabilities and qualities needed for the new situation and new tasks." [要分级分类开展精准施训，坚持干什么学什么、缺什么补什么，开展涵盖业务全链条的纪法培训，全面加强思想淬炼、政治历练、实践锻炼、专业训练，使纪检监察干部能力素质更好适应新形势新任务需要。]. Here on connects the operational elements of training and the objectives of using training to embed normative elements as a sort of gateway function to collective transformation.
Nonetheless, education must be coordinated from the top. In a society and political order founded on the core premise of vanguard leadership, the three transformations, as theory and as blueprint for implementation, must also move under the guidance of the core. And more importantly, is the acknowledgement "Team members must fulfill their "dual responsibilities" and ensure the implementation of the "Three Transformations" campaign in their respective units and liaison regions and departments. Pressure must be transmitted layer by layer, with the focus on the current level leading to the work of subordinates, ensuring consistent accountability and ensuring the fulfillment of tasks at all levels." [班子成员要履行好“一岗双责”，抓好分管单位和联系地区、部门的“三化”建设工作；层层传导压力，坚持抓本级、带下级，推动责任一贯到底、任务层层压实。].
Transformation, however, is pragmatic. Theory may soar to the skies; administrative realities must keep far closer to the ground. " We must objectively and comprehensively assess the situation, precisely and pragmatically refine goals and tasks, and implement practical measures. We must further strengthen follow-up and accountability to ensure that every issue is addressed and every action has results. We must effectively translate the achievements of the "Three Transformations" campaign into tangible results that promote the high-quality development of discipline inspection and supervision work." [客观全面研判形势，精准务实细化目标任务、办法实招，进一步强化跟踪问效，确保件件有着落、事事有结果，切实把“三化”建设年行动成果转化为推进纪检监察工作高质量发展实际成效。] It is n this way that the complexities of theory can be reduced to suit the operational realities of the day.
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And there it is: Discipline as (Self and Social) Transformation; Transformation as Governance; Governance as Normalization of Standards in and Through Law; Normalization as Discipline [纪律作为（自我和社会）转型；转型作为治理；治理作为法律中的标准规范化；规范化作为纪律]. The great circularity of cognition forming a self-sustaining closed loop fed from within by the governing ideology and expressed in the outside by the performances and objects which serve as its cognitive manifestations from which the circular dialectics of discipline-normalization continues in motion over space and time.
The full text (original Chinese and English translation) of 中国纪检监察报评论员文章：以彻底的自我革命精神纵深推进“三化”建设年行动 [Commentary from China Discipline Inspection and Supervision News: Deepen the Year of "Three Transformations" Campaign with a Deep and Comprehensive Spirit of Self-Revolution]; 准确把握巡视重点 精准有效开展监督 [Accurately grasp the key points of inspections and conduct precise and effective supervision]; 学习《决定》每日问答 | 怎样理解促进政务服务标准化、规范化、便利化 [Daily Q&A on the Decision | How to Understand Promoting Standardization, Regularization, and Convenience of Government Services]; and 伟大的社会革命与伟大的自我革命 [The Great Social Revolution and the Great Self-Revolution] follow below.
中国纪检监察报评论员文章：以彻底的自我革命精神纵深推进“三化”建设年行动
开展“纪检监察工作规范化法治化正规化建设年”行动，是深入贯彻以习近平同志为核心的党中央重要要求、落实中央纪委四次全会精神的重要举措。近日召开的“三化”建设年行动工作推进会要求，发扬彻底的自我革命精神，进一步把“三化”建设年行动向纵深推进，努力打造政治过硬、能力过硬、作风过硬、廉洁过硬的纪检监察铁军。
“三化”建设年行动启动以来，各级纪检监察机关精心组织、周密部署，呈现各层级贯通、各板块联动、全系统发力的良好态势，取得重要阶段性成果。坚持思想引领，把学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平总书记关于党的自我革命的重要思想摆在首位，用好“第一议题”制度、集体学习制度，深化运用“五学联动”机制，深入学习领悟习近平总书记关于纪检监察机关自身建设特别是“三化”建设的重要要求，推进“三化”建设的认识更加深刻、行动更加有力。坚持齐抓共管，把“三化”建设年行动作为今年工作重点，主要负责同志自觉扛起第一责任人责任，班子成员履行好“一岗双责”，形成上下联动、整体推进的工作格局。坚持抓主抓重，聚焦提升办案质效、加强队伍建设、加强纪法教育和培训等方面重点任务，高质高效推动落实，以重点任务突破带动“三化”建设整体推进。
扎实推进“三化”建设年行动，提振了干部精神状态、提升了队伍能力素质，纪检监察铁军的纯度更高、成色更足。同时，“三化”建设年行动还有不少硬骨头要啃，要坚持问题导向和效果导向，以更高标准、更实举措把工作抓紧抓好，进一步推动“三化”建设年行动取得实实在在成效。
进一步提高思想认识。习近平总书记在中央政治局第二十一次集体学习时强调，推进党的自我革命，要在提高认识、增强党性、规范权力运行、从严监督执纪、履行管党治党责任等方面进一步落实到位，对推进党的自我革命进行再动员再部署。纪检监察机关作为推进党的自我革命的重要力量，在永葆党的先进纯洁、解决大党独有难题、完成党的使命任务上肩负重大责任，只有加强“三化”建设、打造过硬铁军队伍，才能推动全党把自我革命进一步抓到位抓到底。要进一步提高政治站位，深刻领会“三化”建设对于打造纪检监察铁军，推动纪检监察工作高质量发展，服务保障强国建设、民族复兴伟业的重大意义和现实需要，认识再深化、措施再实化、责任再强化，以彻底的自我革命精神纵深推进“三化”建设年行动。
进一步提升办案质效。要严格依规依纪依法，认真学习掌握新修改的监察法及其实施条例、有关配套制度规定，严格按照权限、规则、程序开展工作，坚持实事求是、客观公正，将“三化”要求落实到每一个环节、每一道程序、每一次调查核实中。要提高基层办案质效，树立大抓基层鲜明导向，切实提高基层办案质量和水平。要坚持以大数据信息化赋能正风反腐，加快完善数字纪检监察体系，善于运用大数据精准发现问题线索，为反腐败安上科技“透视镜”；推动行权数字化与监督数字化如影随形，完善权力配置运行制约和监督机制；创新廉洁文化建设内容和方式，提升廉洁教育针对性有效性。
进一步加强队伍建设。要切实加强组织建设，持续抓好党的二十届三中全会改革部署落实，推进纪检监察机构改革。要充分激发队伍活力，优化干部选育管用，更好促进干部成长。要实化严管厚爱结合，常态化纯洁组织、整肃队伍，对执纪违纪、执法违法行为零容忍；做实关心关爱，建立健全正向激励体系，让干部安心履职、积极作为。
进一步抓实教育培训。要扎实深入推进全员培训，结合各地区各单位实际需求，加大培训资源建设和供给力度。要分级分类开展精准施训，坚持干什么学什么、缺什么补什么，开展涵盖业务全链条的纪法培训，全面加强思想淬炼、政治历练、实践锻炼、专业训练，使纪检监察干部能力素质更好适应新形势新任务需要。
进一步压实工作责任。各级纪检监察机关要把“三化”建设年行动摆在突出位置来抓，强化责任担当，主要负责同志要坚定扛起第一责任人责任，以身作则、靠前指挥；班子成员要履行好“一岗双责”，抓好分管单位和联系地区、部门的“三化”建设工作；层层传导压力，坚持抓本级、带下级，推动责任一贯到底、任务层层压实。
“三化”建设年行动效果，最终要落脚到具体工作中，体现在纪检监察工作高质量发展上。要统筹兼顾抓落实。坚持把“三化”建设年行动同巩固深化深入贯彻中央八项规定精神学习教育、落实中央纪委四次全会部署、纵深推进正风肃纪反腐紧密结合起来，既狠抓当前、又着眼长远，协同推进、形成合力。要突出重点抓落实。以党中央提出的重要要求、部署的重点任务为标尺，进一步找准主攻方向、抓住关键要害，以重点攻坚带动多点突破，推动各项工作乘势而上、提质增效。要求真务实抓落实。客观全面研判形势，精准务实细化目标任务、办法实招，进一步强化跟踪问效，确保件件有着落、事事有结果，切实把“三化”建设年行动成果转化为推进纪检监察工作高质量发展实际成效。（
中国纪检监察报评论员）
校对：张颖楠
Commentary from China Discipline Inspection and Supervision News: Deepen the Year of "Three Transformations" Campaign with a Deep and Comprehensive Spirit of Self-Revolution
The "Year of Standardization, Legalization and Normalization of Discipline Inspection and Supervision Work" [Three Transformations] Campaign is a crucial measure to thoroughly implement the important requirements of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. A recent meeting to promote the "Three Transformations" Year Campaign called for upholding the spirit of thorough self-revolution and further deepening the "Three Transformations" Year Campaign, striving to build an ironclad discipline inspection and supervision force with strong political integrity, strong capabilities, strong work style, and unwavering integrity.
Since the launch of the Year of the "Three Standardizations" Campaign, discipline inspection and supervision agencies at all levels have meticulously organized and deployed the work, demonstrating a positive momentum of coordinated efforts across all levels, sectors, and system-wide efforts, achieving significant interim results. We will uphold ideological guidance, prioritizing the study and implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, particularly General Secretary Xi Jinping's important thoughts on the Party's self-revolution. We will effectively utilize the "first item on the agenda" system and the collective study system, deepen the application of the "five-study linkage" mechanism, and thoroughly study and comprehend General Secretary Xi Jinping's important requirements for the self-development of disciplinary inspection and supervision organs, particularly the "three transformations," to advance these efforts with deeper understanding and more forceful action. We will adhere to joint efforts and make the "three transformations" campaign a key work priority this year. Key responsible persons will conscientiously shoulder their primary responsibility, and team members will effectively fulfill their "dual responsibilities" to establish a coordinated and integrated work structure. We will prioritize key tasks, focusing on improving the quality and efficiency of case handling, strengthening team building, and enhancing education and training on discipline and law. We will ensure high-quality and efficient implementation, driving overall progress in the "three transformations" through breakthroughs in these key tasks.
Solidly advancing the "three transformations" campaign has boosted the morale of cadres and enhanced the team's capabilities and quality, resulting in a more refined and robust disciplinary inspection and supervision force. At the same time, the "Three Transformations" campaign still faces significant challenges. We must adhere to a problem-oriented and results-oriented approach, ensuring that work is carried out with higher standards and more practical measures to further promote tangible results in the "Three Transformations" campaign.
Further enhance ideological awareness. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the 21st collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that advancing the Party's self-revolution requires further implementation in areas such as raising awareness, strengthening Party spirit, regulating the exercise of power, strictly enforcing discipline, and fulfilling the responsibility of managing and governing the Party. This remobilizes and re-deploys efforts to advance the Party's self-revolution. As a vital force in advancing the Party's self-revolution, disciplinary inspection and supervisory organs shoulder significant responsibilities in maintaining the Party's advanced purity, resolving challenges unique to large parties, and fulfilling the Party's mission and tasks. Only by strengthening the "Three Transformations" and building a strong and resilient contingent can we push the entire Party to fully and thoroughly carry out its self-revolution. We must further elevate our political perspective and deeply understand the profound significance and practical needs of the "Three Transformations" initiative for building an ironclad disciplinary inspection and supervisory force, promoting high-quality development of disciplinary inspection and supervisory work, and serving and safeguarding the great cause of building a strong nation and achieving national rejuvenation. We must deepen our understanding, implement more concrete measures, and strengthen responsibilities, advancing the "Three Transformations" initiative year-long campaign with a thorough spirit of self-revolution.
Further improve the quality and efficiency of case handling. We must strictly abide by regulations, discipline, and the law, conscientiously study and master the newly revised Supervision Law, its implementing regulations, and relevant supporting systems and regulations. We must conduct our work strictly within the boundaries of authority, rules, and procedures, adhere to seeking truth from facts, and be objective and impartial. We must implement the "Three Transformations" requirements in every link, every procedure, and every investigation and verification. We must improve the quality and efficiency of grassroots case handling, establish a clear focus on grassroots work, and effectively improve the quality and level of grassroots case handling. We must persist in empowering the fight against corruption through the use of big data and informatization, accelerate the improvement of the digital disciplinary inspection and supervision system, excel at using big data to accurately identify clues to problems, and equip the anti-corruption movement with a technological "perspective lens." We must promote the seamless integration of digital power exercise and digital supervision, improve the mechanisms for controlling and overseeing the allocation and operation of power, and innovate the content and methods of building a culture of integrity to enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of integrity education.
Further strengthen team building. We must earnestly strengthen organizational development, continuously implement the reform plans of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, and advance the reform of disciplinary inspection and supervision institutions. We must fully stimulate the vitality of the team, optimize the selection, training, and management of cadres, and better promote their growth. We must implement a combination of strict management and compassion, regularly purify the organization and rectify the team, and show zero tolerance for violations of discipline and law enforcement. We must demonstrate genuine care and concern, establish and improve a positive incentive system, and ensure that cadres feel at ease in performing their duties and actively contribute.
Further strengthen education and training. We must solidly and thoroughly promote full-staff training, and, based on the actual needs of various regions and units, increase the development and supply of training resources. We must conduct targeted training based on different levels and categories, adhering to the principle of learning what we do and addressing any deficiencies. We must conduct discipline and law training across the entire operational chain, comprehensively strengthening ideological refinement, political experience, practical training, and professional development to better equip discipline inspection and supervision cadres with the capabilities and qualities needed for the new situation and new tasks.
Further strengthen work accountability. Discipline inspection and supervision agencies at all levels must prioritize the "Three Transformations" campaign and strengthen accountability. Leading officials must firmly shoulder their primary responsibility, lead by example, and lead from the front. Team members must fulfill their "dual responsibilities" and ensure the implementation of the "Three Transformations" campaign in their respective units and liaison regions and departments. Pressure must be transmitted layer by layer, with the focus on the current level leading to the work of subordinates, ensuring consistent accountability and ensuring the fulfillment of tasks at all levels.
The effectiveness of the "Three Transformations" campaign must ultimately be reflected in concrete work and in the high-quality development of discipline inspection and supervision work. We must ensure comprehensive and balanced implementation. We must closely integrate the "Three Transformations" campaign with the consolidation and deepening of education and study on the spirit of the Central Committee's eight regulations, the implementation of the arrangements of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, and the in-depth promotion of efforts to rectify work styles, strengthen discipline, and combat corruption. We must prioritize both the present and the long term, advancing in synergy and forging a synergistic force. We must prioritize key areas for implementation. Using the important requirements and key tasks set forth by the Party Central Committee as a benchmark, we must further identify our primary focus and grasp key areas. This will drive breakthroughs in multiple areas, driving all work forward and improving quality and efficiency. We must be pragmatic and realistic in our implementation. We must objectively and comprehensively assess the situation, precisely and pragmatically refine goals and tasks, and implement practical measures. We must further strengthen follow-up and accountability to ensure that every issue is addressed and every action has results. We must effectively translate the achievements of the "Three Transformations" campaign into tangible results that promote the high-quality development of discipline inspection and supervision work.
(Commentary for China Discipline Inspection and Supervision News)
Editor: Wang Xiaoning
Proofreader: Zhang Yingnan
准确把握巡视重点 精准有效开展监督
来源：中央纪委国家监委网站 发布时间： 2025-04-12 06:00
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2025年是推进巡视全覆盖的关键一年，要以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻落实党的二十大和二十届二中、三中全会精神，持续推动巡视工作高质量发展。经党中央批准，2025年重点巡视省（区、市）。要准确把握巡视省（区、市）的规律特点，聚焦职责、抓主抓重，不断提升工作精准性、有效性。
深入了解习近平总书记和党中央决策部署贯彻落实情况。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记和党中央对每个地区都有明确的功能定位和战略部署，习近平总书记到地方考察调研、出席全国两会时，都提出了指导性针对性很强的任务要求。巡视要结合被巡视地区实际，把握共性、突出个性，深入了解落实习近平总书记重要要求情况，监督检查落实区域协调发展战略、主体功能区战略以及创新驱动发展战略、乡村振兴战略、可持续发展战略等情况，揭示贯彻落实中的政治偏差，特别是只表态不落实、阳奉阴违、打折扣搞变通以及政绩观错位扭曲、搞形象工程和政绩工程等问题，推动党中央重大决策部署落实落地。
深入了解落实进一步全面深化改革部署情况。党的二十届三中全会提出300多项重要改革举措。巡视要对照三中全会明确的改革总目标和各项重大改革举措，深入了解省（区、市）强化领导责任、有序推进各方面改革实施落地情况，着力查找照搬照抄、上下一般粗、避重就轻、不敢啃“硬骨头”、搞地方保护主义等问题，以有力监督保障改革顺利推进。
深入了解统筹发展和安全情况。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记创造性提出总体国家安全观，强调各级党委和政府要自觉把发展和安全统一起来，共同谋划、一体部署、相互促进。巡视要深入了解省（区、市）统筹发展和安全情况，深入揭示被巡视地区存在的突出风险隐患，以及背后的责任缺失、制度缺失、机制缺失问题，督促党委坚决落实维护国家安全主体责任，以一域之稳为全局之安作出贡献。
深入了解推进全面从严治党情况。一个地方和部门全面从严治党局面如何，关键在于党组织和领导干部特别是“一把手”是否尽到了责任。省（区、市）党委管理的党员干部数量多、层级多，工作涉及的领域多，尤其要落实好管党治党政治责任，把正风肃纪反腐贯通起来，着力铲除腐败滋生的土壤和条件。巡视要深入了解党委主体责任、书记第一责任人责任、班子成员“一岗双责”、纪检监察机关监督责任、职能部门监管责任落实情况，重点揭示金融、国企、能源、消防、烟草、医药、高校、体育、开发区、工程建设和招投标等领域存在的廉洁风险，以及群众身边的不正之风和腐败问题，推动省（区、市）党委坚决扛起责任，层层传导压力，持续加大一体推进“三不腐”力度，不断净化政治生态。
深入了解班子队伍和基层党组织建设情况。省（区、市）党委在本地区发挥总揽全局、协调各方的领导作用。巡视要深入了解党委领导班子自身建设特别是“一把手”情况，了解领导班子执行民主集中制和科学决策、依法办事、团结协作等情况，了解干部人才队伍建设和基层党组织建设情况，督促省（区、市）领导班子切实增强政治担当、驾驭能力、表率作用，更好落实党管干部原则，不断健全党的组织体系，为高质量发展提供坚强组织保障。
深入了解巡视整改情况。习近平总书记在听取巡视情况汇报时，对认真抓好巡视整改专门提出重要要求，中央纪委四次全会也对加强巡视整改监督作出明确部署。巡视要对照习近平总书记重要要求，结合巡视反馈意见，深入了解党委落实整改主体责任、纪检监察机关和组织部门履行整改监督责任情况，深入查找重点难点问题整改不力、“新官不理旧账”等问题，持续压紧压实整改责任，在强化巡视整改上见真章、求实效。
对省（区、市）开展巡视，点多面广，任务繁重。要提高政治站位，加强组织领导，强化统筹协调，注重同题共答，坚持稳中求进，以严明的纪律作风，扎实稳妥完成巡视省（区、市）任务，切实取得良好政治效果、纪法效果、社会效果。
Accurately grasp the key points of inspections and conduct precise and effective supervision.
Source: Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and National Supervisory Commission website Published: 2025-04-12 06:00
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2025 is a critical year for achieving full coverage of inspections. Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, we must fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, and continuously promote high-quality development of inspection work. With the approval of the Party Central Committee, inspections of provinces (autonomous regions, and municipalities) will be prioritized in 2025. We must accurately grasp the laws and characteristics of inspections of provinces (autonomous regions, and municipalities), focus on responsibilities, and prioritize key areas, continuously improving the precision and effectiveness of our work.
In-depth understanding of the implementation of the decisions and deployments of General Secretary Xi Jinping and the Party Central Committee. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping and the Party Central Committee have clearly defined the functional positioning and strategic deployment for each region. During his visits to local areas and his attendance at the two sessions of the National People's Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has consistently provided highly instructive and targeted task requirements. Inspections should be tailored to the specific circumstances of the inspected regions, focusing on commonalities while highlighting specific areas. They should thoroughly understand the implementation of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important requirements, oversee and inspect the implementation of the coordinated regional development strategy, the major functional area strategy, the innovation-driven development strategy, the rural revitalization strategy, and the sustainable development strategy. They should expose political deviations in implementation, particularly issues such as statements without implementation, lip service, compromise and workarounds, a distorted view of performance, and the pursuit of image and achievement projects. This will ensure the implementation of the Party Central Committee's major decisions and arrangements.
In-depth understanding of the implementation of the arrangements for further deepening reform in an all-round way. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed over 300 important reform measures. Inspections should, in light of the overall reform goals and major reform measures identified at the Third Plenary Session, thoroughly understand how provinces (autonomous regions, and municipalities) are strengthening leadership responsibility and promoting the orderly implementation of various reforms. They should focus on identifying issues such as rote copying, sloppy implementation, avoiding key issues, refusing to tackle "hard issues," and engaging in local protectionism. Effective oversight will ensure the smooth progress of reform.
In-depth understanding of the coordination of development and security. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has creatively proposed a comprehensive national security concept, emphasizing that Party committees and governments at all levels must consciously integrate development and security, jointly plan, coordinate, and mutually promote each other. Inspections should thoroughly understand the coordinated development and security efforts of provinces (autonomous regions, and municipalities), thoroughly expose prominent risks and hidden dangers in the inspected areas, and the underlying deficiencies in responsibility, systems, and mechanisms. They should urge Party committees to resolutely fulfill their primary responsibility for safeguarding national security, contributing to the overall security of their respective regions through the stability of their respective areas.
In-depth understanding of the progress in comprehensively and strictly governing the Party. The effectiveness of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party in a locality or department hinges on whether Party organizations and leading cadres, especially those in charge, have fulfilled their responsibilities. Provincial (autonomous region, and municipal) Party committees manage a large number of Party members and cadres at multiple levels, covering a wide range of areas. Therefore, it is particularly important to effectively fulfill the political responsibility of governing the Party, integrating the rectification of work styles, strengthening discipline, and combating corruption, and focusing on eradicating the soil and conditions that foster corruption. Inspections should thoroughly assess the implementation of the Party Committee's primary responsibility, the Secretary's primary responsibility, the "dual responsibilities" of leadership team members, the supervisory responsibilities of disciplinary inspection and supervision agencies, and the regulatory responsibilities of functional departments. Inspections should focus on exposing corruption risks in sectors such as finance, state-owned enterprises, energy, fire protection, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, universities, sports, development zones, engineering construction, and bidding, as well as malpractices and corruption among the public. This will encourage provincial (autonomous region, and municipal) Party Committees to resolutely shoulder their responsibilities, transmit pressure from top to bottom, and continuously strengthen efforts to promote the "three-no" campaign, thereby purifying the political environment.
In-depth assessment of leadership team development and grassroots Party organizations. Provincial (autonomous region, and municipal) Party Committees play a leading role in overseeing and coordinating all parties within their respective regions. Inspections should thoroughly assess the Party leadership team's internal development, especially that of its top leader. They should assess the leadership team's implementation of democratic centralism, scientific decision-making, law-based work, and solidarity and cooperation. They should also assess the development of the cadre and talent team and grassroots Party organizations. Inspections should urge provincial (autonomous region, and municipal) leadership teams to effectively strengthen their political responsibility, management capabilities, and exemplary role, better implement the principle of Party management of cadres, continuously improve the Party's organizational system, and provide a strong organizational foundation for high-quality development.
Thoroughly understand the progress of inspection rectification. General Secretary Xi Jinping, while listening to reports on inspections, specifically addressed important requirements for diligently implementing inspection rectification. The Fourth Plenary Session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection also made clear arrangements for strengthening supervision of inspection rectification. Inspections should align with General Secretary Xi Jinping's important requirements and, in light of inspection feedback, thoroughly understand how Party committees fulfill their primary responsibility for rectification, and how disciplinary inspection and supervision organs and organizational departments fulfill their oversight responsibilities for rectification. We should thoroughly investigate issues such as inadequate rectification of key and difficult issues and the phenomenon of "new officials ignoring old ones." We should continue to tighten and strengthen rectification responsibilities, ensuring concrete progress and achieving tangible results in strengthening inspection rectification.
Inspections of provinces (autonomous regions, and municipalities) are extensive and complex, and the tasks are arduous. We must elevate our political perspective, strengthen organizational leadership, enhance overall coordination, prioritize shared solutions, maintain stability while seeking progress, and, with strict discipline, solidly and prudently complete the inspections of provinces (autonomous regions, and municipalities), achieving positive political, disciplinary, legal, and social outcomes.
学习《决定》每日问答 | 怎样理解促进政务服务标准化、规范化、便利化
新华社北京10月1日电 《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》提出：“促进政务服务标准化、规范化、便利化”。这是进一步转变政府职能，建设人民满意的法治政府、创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，更好推动高质量发展、满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的必然要求。
促进政务服务标准化、规范化、便利化，要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻落实党的二十大和二十届二中、三中全会精神，以推进“高效办成一件事”为牵引，坚持目标导向和问题导向相结合，坚持求真务实、力戒形式主义，加强整体设计、推动模式创新，注重改革引领和数字赋能双轮驱动，统筹发展和安全，推动线上线下融合发展，实现办事方式多样化、办事流程最优化、办事材料最简化、办事成本最小化，最大限度利企便民，激发经济社会发展内生动力。
政务服务标准化，就是要着力实现政务服务精准、统一、协调。主要包括3个方面：一是推进政务服务事项标准化，明确政务服务事项范围，建立健全国家政务服务事项基本目录审核制度和政务服务事项动态管理机制。二是推进政务服务事项实施清单标准化，依据国家政务服务事项基本目录，推动逐步实现同一政务服务事项受理条件、服务对象、办理流程、申请材料、办结时限、办理结果等要素在全国范围内统一。三是健全政务服务标准体系，建立健全政务服务事项管理、政务服务中心建设、政务服务实施、便民热线运行、服务评估评价等标准规范，持续完善全国一体化政务服务平台标准规范体系。地方政府结合本地实际，加强与国家政务服务事项基本目录的对接，推进本地区政务服务标准化。
政务服务规范化，就是要着力实现政务服务流程、行为、要素保障、考核评价的统一规制。主要包括5个方面：一是规范审批服务，包括审批服务行为、中介服务行为和审批监管协同。二是规范政务服务场所办事服务，包括政务服务场所设立、窗口设置、业务办理。三是规范网上办事服务，包括统筹网上办事入口、规范网上办事指引、提升网上办事深度。四是规范政务服务线上线下融合发展，包括规范政务服务办理方式，合理配置政务服务资源。五是规范开展政务服务评估评价，落实政务服务“好差评”制度，建立健全政务服务督查考核机制。
政务服务便利化，就是要着力实现政务服务高效、便捷、低成本。主要包括6个方面：一是推进政务服务事项集成化办理，优化业务流程，提升系统对接整合和数据共享水平，减少办事环节、精简申请材料、压缩办理时限。二是推广“免证办”服务，重点推进电子证照在政务服务领域应用和全国互通互认。三是推动更多政务服务事项“就近办”，将群众经常办理且基层能有效承接的政务服务事项下沉到便民服务中心（站）办理，积极推广自助服务和自助办理。四是推动更多政务服务事项“网上办、掌上办”，除涉及国家秘密等情形外，加快实现“一网通办”，加强政务服务平台移动端建设、拓展政务服务移动应用。五是推行告知承诺制和容缺受理服务模式，最大限度利企便民。六是提升智慧化精准化个性化服务水平，运用大数据、人工智能等新技术，不断规范和拓展各类场景应用。
优化政务服务、提升行政效能永无止境。进一步促进政务服务标准化、规范化、便利化，要着力推进政府机构、职能、权限、程序、责任法定化，完善覆盖全国的一体化在线政务服务平台。要鼓励地方和基层积极探索实践，及时推广行之有效的好经验、好做法。要坚持以人民群众满意为衡量标准，畅通人民群众意见反映渠道，顺应民意改进工作、提高服务质量，不断增强人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感。
Daily Q&A on the Decision | How to Understand Promoting Standardization, Regularization, and Convenience of Government Services
2024-10-01 13:08 Source: Xinhua News Agency
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Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 1st. The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Style Modernization" proposes "promoting standardization, regularization, and convenience of government services." This is an inevitable requirement for further transforming government functions, building a law-based, innovative, clean, and service-oriented government that satisfies the people, advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, better promoting high-quality development, and meeting the people's ever-growing needs for a better life.
To promote the standardization, regularization, and convenience of government services, we must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, and focus on promoting "efficient and effective delivery of services." We must combine goal-oriented and problem-oriented approaches, adhere to truth-seeking and pragmatism, and avoid formalism. We must strengthen overall design, promote model innovation, prioritize the dual drivers of reform-driven development and digital empowerment, coordinate development and security, and promote the integration of online and offline services. This will diversify service methods, optimize processes, simplify documents, and minimize costs, maximizing benefits for businesses and the public, and stimulating the inherent driving force of economic and social development.
The standardization of government services aims to achieve precise, unified, and coordinated government services. This primarily encompasses three aspects: First, promoting the standardization of government service items, clarifying the scope of government service items, and establishing and improving the review system for the national basic catalog of government service items and the dynamic management mechanism for government service items. Second, promoting the standardization of the implementation list of government service items. Based on the national basic catalog of government service items, we will gradually achieve nationwide standardization of acceptance conditions, service recipients, processing procedures, application materials, completion timelines, and results for the same government service items. Third, we will improve the government service standards system, establishing and improving standards and norms for government service management, government service center construction, government service implementation, convenience hotline operation, and service evaluation and assessment. We will continuously improve the national integrated government service platform's standards and norms system. Local governments, based on local conditions, should strengthen alignment with the national basic catalog of government service items and promote standardization of government services within their regions.
Standardizing government services means focusing on achieving unified regulation of government service processes, behaviors, element guarantees, and assessment and evaluation. This primarily encompasses five areas: First, standardizing approval services, including approval service behaviors, intermediary service behaviors, and coordinated approval and supervision. Second, standardizing services at government service locations, including the establishment of service locations, window settings, and business processing. Third, standardizing online services, including coordinating online service portals, standardizing online service guidelines, and enhancing the depth of online services. Fourth, standardizing the integration of online and offline government services, including standardizing government service processing methods and rationally allocating government service resources. Fifth, standardizing the conduct of government service assessments and evaluations, implementing a "good or bad review" system for government services, and establishing a sound government service supervision and assessment mechanism.
Facilitating government services means striving to ensure efficient, convenient, and low-cost government services. This initiative primarily encompasses six key areas: First, we will promote the integrated handling of government services, optimize business processes, enhance system integration and data sharing, reduce steps, streamline application documents, and shorten processing timelines. Second, we will promote "certificate-free" services, focusing on promoting the use of electronic certificates and licenses in government services and their nationwide interoperability and mutual recognition. Third, we will promote the "local handling" of more government services, delegating frequently handled government services that can be effectively handled by grassroots organizations to convenient service centers (stations), and actively promote self-service and self-service. Fourth, we will promote the "online and mobile" handling of more government services, accelerating the implementation of "one-stop service" except for cases involving state secrets, strengthening the development of mobile government service platforms, and expanding mobile applications for government services. Fifth, we will promote the informed consent system and the service model of accepting applications with missing documents to maximize benefits for businesses and convenience for the public. Sixth, we will enhance intelligent, precise, and personalized services, leveraging new technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to continuously standardize and expand applications in various scenarios.
Optimizing government services and improving administrative efficiency is a never-ending process. To further promote the standardization, regularization, and facilitation of government services, we must focus on legalizing government agencies, functions, powers, procedures, and responsibilities, and improve a nationwide integrated online government service platform. We must encourage local and grassroots organizations to actively explore and implement effective practices, and promptly disseminate good experiences and good practices. We must adhere to the public's satisfaction as the criterion for measurement, open up channels for the public to express their opinions, adapt to public opinion, improve work and service quality, and continuously enhance the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security.
伟大的社会革命与伟大的自我革命
来源： 《求是》2018/07
习近平总书记在十九届中共中央政治局常委同中外记者见面时说，“实践充分证明，中国共产党能够带领人民进行伟大的社会革命，也能够进行伟大的自我革命。”他在“1·5”重要讲话中，再次提出了我们党领导人民进行伟大社会革命和勇于进行自我革命的重大命题。习近平总书记的重要讲话不仅深刻总结了我们党领导革命的历史经验，揭示了我们党领导革命不断取得伟大胜利的客观规律，而且强调了当前正确认识和处理党领导的社会革命与自我革命关系的极端重要性。
一、中国特色社会主义是伟大社会革命的产物
什么叫社会革命？马克思主义认为，共产党人要进行的社会革命，就是打破旧世界，创造新社会。具体地说，社会革命以生产力和生产关系的矛盾运动为基础，不仅仅是一种破除旧的政治上层建筑的社会运动，更是一种新的社会建设运动。从这个意义上说，中国共产党成立97年来始终不断地领导着从革命到建设、再到改革一系列社会革命。
中国共产党领导中国人民进行社会革命，经历了三个历史阶段。第一个历史阶段是从中国共产党成立到新中国成立前、历时28年的新民主主义革命。这28年间，中国社会是一个半殖民地半封建社会，中国人民生活在水深火热之中，中华民族深受帝国主义的欺凌和压迫。中国共产党义无反顾地肩负起反对帝国主义、封建主义、官僚资本主义的革命使命，制定了新民主主义革命的总路线、总政策，运用统一战线、武装斗争、党的建设“三大法宝”，经过艰苦卓绝的长期斗争，终于夺取了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利，建立了新中国。新中国的建立，标志着近代以来中国面临的争取民族独立、人民解放的历史任务基本完成，为中国人民集中力量进行建设以实现国家繁荣富强和人民共同富裕，提供了前提，为中国特色社会主义的开创创造了重要的政权条件，打下了政治基础。第二个历史阶段是从新中国成立到党的十一届三中全会召开、历时29年的社会主义革命和社会主义建设。这个阶段，我们党领导中国人民做了两件大事：一是完成社会主义革命，确立了社会主义基本制度，实现了由新民主主义向社会主义的过渡；二是开始全面建设社会主义，建立起独立的比较完整的工业体系和国民经济体系，积累了在中国这样一个社会生产力水平十分落后的东方大国进行社会主义建设的重要经验，为中国特色社会主义的开创创造了制度条件，打下了物质基础，探索了有益经验。第三个历史阶段是从党的十一届三中全会召开到现在，历时40年的改革开放伟大实践。这一阶段，我们党领导中国人民进行以改革开放为主要内容的新的伟大社会革命，成功实现了从高度集中的计划经济体制到充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制、从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的两大历史性转变，极大地解放和发展了生产力，形成了党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略，开创并建设中国特色社会主义，使社会主义焕发出新的生机和活力。正是在中国共产党的坚强领导下，中国特色社会主义这一伟大的新生事物在中国革命、建设和改革开放这三大社会革命的孕育、滋养、培植下，破土而出、应运而生、茁壮成长。因此，习近平总书记深刻地指出：“新时代中国特色社会主义是我们党领导人民进行伟大社会革命的成果，也是我们党领导人民进行伟大社会革命的继续，必须一以贯之进行下去。”
二、夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利是伟大社会革命的继续
党的十八大向全党全国人民发出了坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的伟大号召。党的十八大以来，我们党领导中国人民进行新的伟大社会革命的主题，就是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义。开创和建设中国特色社会主义，是一场十分艰难的社会革命；如何把已经开创的、并取得了伟大成就的中国特色社会主义坚持好、发展好，同样是一场非常艰巨的社会革命，就其在中国特色社会主义发展进程中的重要性、根本性、决定性和影响力来说，意义更加重大。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央从坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的全局出发，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，进行了深层次的、根本性的历史性变革，取得了全方位的、开创性的历史性成就，党的面貌、国家的面貌、人民的面貌、军队的面貌、中华民族的面貌发生了前所未有的变化，中国特色社会主义进入了新时代。这意味着近代以来久经磨难的中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃，迎来了实现中华民族伟大复兴的光明前景；意味着科学社会主义在二十一世纪的中国焕发出强大生机活力，在世界上高高举起了中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜；意味着中国特色社会主义道路、理论、制度、文化不断发展，拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的途径，给世界上那些既希望加快发展又希望保持自身独立性的国家和民族提供了全新选择，为解决人类问题贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。总之，中国特色社会主义进入了新时代，不仅在中华人民共和国发展史上、中华民族发展史上具有重大意义，而且在世界社会主义发展史上、人类社会发展史上也具有重大意义。
党的十九大发出号召，全党全国人民要在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指引下，决胜全面建成小康社会、夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利。这表明，随着十九大的召开，在新的历史发展阶段，我们党领导中国人民进行的伟大社会革命又开始了新的征程。在这个新征程中，我们党要不忘初心、牢记使命，带领全国人民不懈奋斗，继续进行伟大斗争、建设伟大工程、推进伟大事业、实现伟大梦想。具体地说，到2020年要全面建成小康社会，到2035年要基本实现社会主义现代化，到本世纪中叶要全面建成社会主义现代化强国，实现中华民族伟大复兴。显然，现阶段我们党领导中国人民进行的以决胜全面建成小康社会、夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利为主要任务的新的社会革命，比以往各阶段的社会革命更壮观、更深刻、更艰巨、更重要。
三、依靠党的伟大自我革命夺取新时代伟大社会革命的新胜利
两个“革命”一起抓，是革命取得成功的必由之路。社会革命和自我革命是辩证统一的关系。社会革命是共产党人的使命所在，是共产党人的终身任务，离开了社会革命，共产党就不成其为无产阶级革命政党。自我革命是共产党人增强革命性、增强政治领导力思想引领力群众组织力和社会号召力的必然要求，不进行自我革命，共产党就会丧失革命性、丧失政治领导力思想引领力群众组织力和社会号召力，就不可能领导人民进行社会革命。社会革命和自我革命两者相互依存，相互联系，统一于实现党领导的社会革命取得胜利的思想和实践中。中国共产党历来主张两个“革命”一起抓。在新民主主义革命时期，我们党就十分重视以思想建设为首要任务的党的自我革命，要求党员用工人阶级思想克服资产阶级、小资产阶级思想，解决思想入党问题；培育和发扬理论联系实际、密切联系群众和自我批评的作风；创造通过批评与自我批评进行马克思主义思想教育的整风形式等，有力地保障了新民主主义革命的胜利。在社会主义革命和建设时期，我们党毫不放松自我革命，切实抓好自身建设，要求党员必须坚持共产主义理想，务必继续保持谦虚谨慎、不骄不躁的作风，继续保持艰苦奋斗的作风；要求各级领导干部必须自觉运用人民赋予的权力为人民服务，接受人民监督；必须防止形成特权阶层、贵族阶层，坚决反对党内的腐败现象；必须切实解决培养无产阶级革命事业接班人问题等，有力地保障了社会主义革命的成功和社会主义建设的发展。在改革开放新时期，我们党始终把抓好党的自我革命放在十分重要的位置上，与改革开放一起统筹谋划、一起推进；强调要把推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业同推进党的建设新的伟大工程结合起来，加强党的执政能力建设和先进性建设，提高党的领导水平和执政水平，提高拒腐防变和抵御风险能力，有力地推动了改革开放和中国特色社会主义的发展。
当前，坚持和发展中国特色社会主义、夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利是我们党要团结带领人民进行的新时代伟大社会革命。要取得新时代伟大社会革命的胜利，必须要有党的伟大自我革命来保障、来推动。正如习近平总书记所强调指出的：“要把新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义这场伟大社会革命进行好，我们党必须勇于进行自我革命，把党建设得更加坚强有力。”“在新时代，我们党必须以党的自我革命来推动党领导人民进行的伟大社会革命”。抓好新时代党的伟大自我革命，按照习近平总书记的要求，关键是要做到五个“过硬”，即信念过硬、政治过硬、责任过硬、能力过硬、作风过硬。这五个“过硬”具有鲜明的针对性，是针对党内在这五个方面存在的问题提出来的；具有周全的系统性，它们各有要求，相互关联，共同构成了新时代进行党的自我革命的系统工程；具有内涵的深刻性，每个方面都是党进行自我革命必须抓住的要害问题，每个方面都体现了全面从严治党的要求，每个方面都关乎党的革命性、领导力的强弱，每个方面都会影响新时代伟大社会革命的进程。只有真正做到这五个“过硬”，才能抓好新时代党的伟大自我革命，才能保证我们党领导人民夺取新时代伟大社会革命的新胜利。
四、革命精神是进行社会革命、自我革命的强大力量
习近平总书记在“1·5”重要讲话中指出：“不忘初心，牢记使命，就不要忘记我们是共产党人，我们是革命者，不要丧失了革命精神。”革命精神是共产党作为马克思主义革命政党领导人民进行伟大社会革命和自我革命的强大精神力量。共产党是领导无产阶级和广大人民进行革命的党，要革命，就要有革命精神，这是共产党质的规定性的必然体现。因此，无论是在革命战争年代、执政后的社会主义建设时期，还是在改革开放时期，共产党永远是革命者，永远是革命的领导者，永远不能丧失革命精神。革命是共产党的本质特征，革命精神是共产党的意志品格。革命精神不仅要体现在社会革命中，而且要体现在自我革命中。
要发扬革命精神，夺取新时代伟大社会革命的胜利。在革命战争年代，中国共产党人发扬为了民族独立、人民解放不惜抛头颅、洒热血的革命精神，夺取了新民主主义革命的胜利，建立了新中国。在社会主义革命和社会主义建设时期，中国共产党人发扬一不怕苦、二不怕死，吃苦在前、享受在后的革命精神，取得了社会主义革命和社会主义建设的成功，创立了社会主义制度，创造了在贫穷落后的国家建设社会主义的经验。在改革开放时期，中国共产党人发扬解放思想、大胆改革、勇于创新的革命精神，开创了中国特色社会主义，使社会主义焕发出新的生机和活力。现在，我们已进入中国特色社会主义新时代，开启了坚持和发展中国特色社会主义、夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利的伟大社会革命的新征程。要夺取这一伟大社会革命的新胜利，我们仍然需要发扬革命精神。为此，习近平总书记强调：“要实现党和国家兴旺发达、长治久安，全党同志必须保持革命精神、革命斗志，勇于把我们党领导人民进行了97年的伟大社会革命继续推进下去，决不能因为胜利而骄傲，决不能因为成就而懈怠，决不能因为困难而退缩，努力使中国特色社会主义展现更加强大、更有说服力的真理力量。”新征程不可能一马平川、风平浪静，我们要按照习近平总书记提出的要求，保持和发扬革命精神、革命斗志，去迎接具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争，战胜一切艰难险阻，朝着我们党确立的新时代伟大社会革命的目标奋勇前进。
要发扬革命精神，推进新时代党的伟大自我革命。中国共产党无论是在革命战争年代、在社会主义革命和社会主义建设时期，还是在改革开放时期，都勇于发扬自我革命精神，高度重视党的自身建设，切实解决党内存在的政治意识问题、思想作风问题、消极腐败问题，不断推进党的建设伟大工程，提高党的领导能力和执政水平，保障各历史阶段社会革命取得胜利。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，党的自我革命的任务十分艰巨。一方面，决胜全面建成小康社会的艰巨任务、实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史使命，对我们党提出了前所未有的新挑战新要求。另一方面，影响党的先进性、弱化党的纯洁性的问题具有很强的危险性和破坏性，党面临的“四大考验”和“四大危险”将会更加复杂、更加严峻。因此，习近平总书记强调指出：“这决定了新时代党的建设新的伟大工程，既要培元固本，也要开拓创新，既要把住关键重点，也要形成整体态势，特别是要发挥彻底的自我革命精神。”彻底的自我革命精神体现在哪里？主要体现在敢于进行自我革命，敢于刀刃向内，敢于刮骨疗毒，敢于壮士断腕，防止祸起萧墙。坚持这四个“敢于”，就能有力推进新时代党的伟大自我革命，把我们党建设得更加坚强、更加过硬；就能有力推动新时代新的伟大社会革命，使中国特色社会主义焕发出更加强大的生机和活力。
The Great Social Revolution and the Great Self-Revolution
Xu Guangchun Source: Qiushi, July 2018
General Secretary Xi Jinping, during a meeting with Chinese and foreign journalists by the Standing Committee of the 19th CPC Central Committee Political Bureau, stated, "Practice has fully demonstrated that the Communist Party of China is capable of leading the people in both a great social revolution and a great self-revolution." In his important speech on January 5, 2018, he reiterated the crucial proposition of our Party leading the people in both a great social revolution and the courage to carry out self-revolution. General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech not only profoundly summarized our Party's historical experience in leading revolutions and revealed the objective laws that have led to our Party's continuous great victories in leading revolutions, but also emphasized the crucial importance of correctly understanding and handling the relationship between Party-led social revolutions and self-revolutions.
I. Socialism with Chinese Characteristics is the Product of a Great Social Revolution
What is a social revolution? Marxism holds that the social revolution that communists must carry out is to break with the old world and create a new society. Specifically, social revolution is based on the contradictory movement between the productive forces and production relations. It is not only a social movement to dismantle the old political superstructure, but also a new movement for social construction. In this sense, over the 97 years since its founding, the Communist Party of China has consistently led a series of social revolutions, from revolution to construction and then to reform. The Chinese Communist Party led the Chinese people in their social revolution, which went through three historical stages. The first stage was the New Democratic Revolution, which lasted 28 years from the founding of the Communist Party of China to the founding of the People's Republic of China. During these 28 years, Chinese society was a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The Chinese people lived in dire straits, and the Chinese nation was deeply bullied and oppressed by imperialism. The Communist Party of China unswervingly shouldered the revolutionary mission of opposing imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism. It formulated the general line and general policy of the New Democratic Revolution, and employed the "three magic weapons" of the united front, armed struggle, and Party building. After a long and arduous struggle, it finally won the great victory of the New Democratic Revolution and established the People's Republic of China. The founding of the People's Republic of China marked the basic completion of the historical task of striving for national independence and people's liberation that China had faced in modern times. It provided the prerequisites for the Chinese people to concentrate their efforts on construction to achieve national prosperity and common prosperity for the people, created important political conditions for the creation of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and laid the political foundation. The second stage was the socialist revolution and socialist construction, which lasted 29 years from the founding of the People's Republic of China to the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party. During this period, our Party led the Chinese people in accomplishing two major things: first, completing the socialist revolution, establishing the basic socialist system, and achieving the transition from New Democracy to socialism; second, embarking on comprehensive socialist construction, establishing an independent and relatively complete industrial system and national economic system. This accumulated important experience in socialist construction in China, a large Eastern country with a very backward level of social productivity. This created the institutional conditions, laid the material foundation, and explored useful experience for the pioneering of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The third historical stage, from the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Party to the present, spans 40 years of the great practice of reform and opening up. During this period, our Party led the Chinese people in a new great social revolution, with reform and opening up as its core. It successfully achieved two historic transformations: from a highly centralized planned economy to a vibrant socialist market economy, and from a closed and semi-closed economy to an all-round open economy. This significantly liberated and developed the productive forces, formed the Party's basic theory, line, and strategy for the primary stage of socialism, pioneered and built socialism with Chinese characteristics, and invigorated socialism with new vitality and vigor. It is precisely under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China that this great new thing, socialism with Chinese characteristics, has emerged, emerged, and flourished, nurtured, and cultivated by the three great social revolutions of China's revolution, construction, and reform and opening up. Therefore, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: "Socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era is the fruit of our Party's leadership of the people in carrying out this great social revolution. It is also the continuation of this great social revolution, and it must be carried out consistently."
II. Winning the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era is the continuation of this great social revolution
The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China issued a great call to the entire Party and the people of the country to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics. Since the 18th National Congress, the theme of our Party's leadership of the Chinese people in carrying out this new great social revolution has been upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Creating and building socialism with Chinese characteristics is a tremendously difficult social revolution; upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, which has already been created and has achieved great success, is also a tremendously arduous social revolution. Its significance, fundamentality, decisiveness, and influence on the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics are even greater. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, proceeding from the overall goal of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, has comprehensively advanced the "Five-in-One" overall layout and coordinated the "Four Comprehensives" strategic layout. This has led to profound, fundamental, and historic reforms, resulting in comprehensive, groundbreaking, and historic achievements. Unprecedented changes have taken place in the Party, the country, the people, the military, and the Chinese nation. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. This means that the Chinese nation, which has endured much hardship in modern times, has made a great leap forward, from standing up, becoming prosperous, and becoming strong, and has embraced a bright prospect for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It means that scientific socialism is radiating great vitality in 21st-century China, holding high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the world. It means that the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics are constantly evolving, expanding the path for developing countries to modernize, providing a new choice for countries and nations around the world that desire to accelerate development while maintaining their independence, and contributing Chinese wisdom and solutions to solving human problems. In short, the entry of socialism with Chinese characteristics into a new era is of great significance not only in the history of the development of the People's Republic of China and the Chinese nation, but also in the history of world socialism and human society.
The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China called on the entire Party and the people of the country to, under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieve the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. This demonstrates that with the convening of the 19th National Congress, the great social revolution our Party has led the Chinese people on has embarked on a new journey at a new historical stage. In this new journey, our Party must remain true to its original aspiration and mission, and lead the people of the country in unremitting efforts to continue the great struggle, build the great project, advance the great cause, and realize the great dream. Specifically, by 2020, we must build a moderately prosperous society in all respects; by 2035, we must basically achieve socialist modernization; and by the middle of this century, we must build a modern socialist country in all respects and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Clearly, the new social revolution our Party is leading the Chinese people in at this stage, with its primary tasks being to secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, is more spectacular, more profound, more arduous, and more important than any previous social revolution.
Third, Relying on the Party's Great Self-Revolution to Win New Victories in the Great Social Revolution of the New Era
Grasping both "revolutions" simultaneously is the only path to revolutionary success. Social revolution and self-revolution are dialectically unified. Social revolution is the mission and lifelong task of Communists. Without social revolution, the Communist Party cannot be a proletarian revolutionary party. Self-revolution is an inevitable requirement for Communists to strengthen their revolutionary nature, political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal. Without self-revolution, the Communist Party will lose its revolutionary nature, political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal, and will be unable to lead the people in social revolution. Social revolution and self-revolution are interdependent and interconnected, unified in the ideology and practice of achieving victory in the social revolution led by the Party. The Communist Party of China has always advocated carrying out these two "revolutions" simultaneously. During the New Democratic Revolution, our Party attached great importance to self-revolution, with ideological construction as the primary task. We required Party members to overcome bourgeois and petty-bourgeois ideas with working-class ideology and resolve the issue of ideological entry into the Party. We cultivated and promoted the style of integrating theory with practice, maintaining close ties with the masses, and engaging in self-criticism. We also created the rectification movement, which promoted Marxist ideological education through criticism and self-criticism. These efforts effectively ensured the victory of the New Democratic Revolution. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, our Party has never relaxed its self-revolution and has diligently strengthened its own development. It requires Party members to uphold the communist ideal, maintain modesty and prudence, avoid arrogance and impetuosity, and maintain a style of hard work. It requires leading cadres at all levels to consciously use the power granted by the people to serve the people and accept their supervision. It requires preventing the formation of privileged and aristocratic strata and resolutely opposing corruption within the Party. It requires effectively addressing the issue of cultivating successors to the proletarian revolutionary cause, effectively guaranteeing the success of the socialist revolution and the development of socialist construction. In the new era of reform and opening up, our Party has always placed great importance on strengthening its self-revolution, coordinating and advancing it alongside reform and opening up. It emphasizes integrating the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics with the new great project of Party building, strengthening the Party's governing capacity and advanced nature, improving its leadership and governance capabilities, and enhancing its ability to resist corruption, prevent degeneration, and mitigate risks. This has effectively promoted reform and opening up and the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
At present, upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and achieving the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era is the great social revolution of the new era that our Party must unite and lead the people in carrying out. To achieve victory in this great social revolution of the new era, the Party's great self-revolution must be the guarantee and driving force. As General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized, "To successfully carry out the great social revolution of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, our Party must be courageous in carrying out self-revolution and building itself into an even stronger and more powerful Party." "In the new era, our Party must use its self-revolution to propel the great social revolution the Party leads the people in." To effectively carry out the Party's great self-revolution in the new era, as General Secretary Xi Jinping has demanded, the key is to achieve five "strong" qualities: firm convictions, strong political integrity, strong responsibility, strong capabilities, and strong work style. These five "strong" qualities are distinctly targeted, addressing issues within the Party in these five areas. They are comprehensive and systematic, each with its own requirements and interconnectedness, collectively constituting a systematic project for the Party's self-revolution in the new era. They are profound, with each aspect representing a crucial issue that the Party must address in its self-revolution. Each aspect embodies the requirement of comprehensive and strict Party governance, and each aspect bears on the Party's revolutionary nature and leadership. Each aspect will influence the progress of the great social revolution in the new era. Only by truly achieving these five "strong" qualities can we successfully carry out the Party's great self-revolution in the new era and ensure that our Party leads the people in achieving new victories in the great social revolution of the new era.
IV. The Revolutionary Spirit is a Powerful Force for Social Revolution and Self-Revolution
In his important speech on January 5, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "To remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind, we must not forget that we are Communists, we are revolutionaries, and we must not lose our revolutionary spirit." The revolutionary spirit is the powerful spiritual force that enables the Communist Party, as a Marxist revolutionary party, to lead the people in carrying out the great social revolution and self-revolution. The Communist Party leads the proletariat and the broad masses of the people in revolution. To be revolutionary, it must possess a revolutionary spirit; this is an inevitable manifestation of the Communist Party's inherent nature. Therefore, whether in the revolutionary war years, the period of socialist construction after taking power, or the period of reform and opening up, the Communist Party will always be a revolutionary, always the leader of the revolution, and must never lose its revolutionary spirit. Revolution is the essential characteristic of the Communist Party, and the revolutionary spirit is the will and character of the Communist Party. The revolutionary spirit must be embodied not only in social revolution but also in self-revolution.
We must carry forward the revolutionary spirit and win victory in the great social revolution of the new era. During the revolutionary war years, the Chinese Communists upheld the revolutionary spirit of sacrificing their lives and blood for national independence and people's liberation, winning victory in the New Democratic Revolution and establishing New China. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, the Chinese Communists upheld the revolutionary spirit of fearing neither hardship nor death, enduring hardship first and enjoying comfort later. They achieved success in both revolution and construction, established the socialist system, and created valuable experience in building socialism in a poor and backward country. During the period of reform and opening up, the Chinese Communists upheld the revolutionary spirit of emancipating the mind, boldly carrying out reforms, and courageously innovating, pioneering socialism with Chinese characteristics and infusing socialism with new vitality and vigor. Now, we have entered a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics and embarked on a new journey of the great social revolution to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics and achieve the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era. To achieve new victories in this great social revolution, we must continue to uphold this revolutionary spirit. To this end, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "To achieve prosperity and lasting stability for the Party and the country, all Party members must maintain their revolutionary spirit and fighting spirit, and courageously advance the great social revolution our Party has led the people in for 97 years. We must never become complacent with victory, never slack off because of achievements, and never retreat in the face of difficulties. We must strive to make socialism with Chinese characteristics demonstrate an even stronger and more convincing force of truth." The new journey will not be smooth sailing. We must, in accordance with the requirements set by General Secretary Xi Jinping, maintain and carry forward our revolutionary spirit and fighting spirit, embrace the great struggles with many new historical characteristics, overcome all difficulties and obstacles, and forge ahead courageously toward the goal of the great social revolution in the new era established by our Party.
We must carry forward the revolutionary spirit and advance the great self-revolution of the Party in the new era. Whether in the revolutionary war years, during the socialist revolution and construction, or during the reform and opening up period, the Communist Party of China has courageously carried forward the spirit of self-revolution, attached great importance to the Party's self-construction, and effectively addressed problems of political consciousness, ideological style, and corruption within the Party. We have continuously advanced the great project of Party building, improved the Party's leadership and governance capabilities, and ensured the victory of social revolutions in all historical stages. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, the Party's self-revolution is an arduous task. On the one hand, the arduous task of decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and the historical mission of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation have posed unprecedented new challenges and new demands on our Party. On the other hand, issues that affect the Party's advanced nature and weaken its purity are highly dangerous and destructive, and the "four major tests" and "four major dangers" facing the Party will become more complex and more severe. Therefore, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "this determines the new great project of Party building in the new era. We must not only strengthen the foundation, but also innovate, we must grasp the key points, and we must also form an overall situation, especially to give full play to the spirit of thorough self-revolution." Where is the spirit of thorough self-revolution reflected? It is mainly reflected in the courage to carry out self-revolution and the courage to cut the knife. Internally, we must dare to scrape the flesh to cure the poison, dare to make drastic changes, and prevent internal strife. Adhering to these four "dares" will effectively advance the great self-revolution of the Party in the new era, building our Party stronger and more capable; we will effectively promote the new great social revolution in the new era, and make socialism with Chinese characteristics more vibrant and energetic.
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