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| Pix credit here (Study M-L-Mao Thought Hard to Build a Prosperous and Powerful New China, 1952) |
Patriotic education, grounded in the correct ideological lens for its realization, has been at the center of Chinese education policy for some time.
Since the 1980s, and especially since the Tian'anmen Massacre and the fall of the Soviet Union, China’s leaders have been promoting "patriotic education". The CCP faced a crisis of legitimacy, and Party elites were well aware of this. In 1989, the party leadership attributed the student demonstrations to failures in steeping the younger generations in revolutionary history. The CCP initiated the Patriotic Education Campaign to reorient the party’s ideological position. (Socialist Patriotic Education Campaign (1990))
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It is in this context that I considered the finalization of the law of patriotic education: 中华人民共和国爱国主义教育法 [Patriotism Education Law of the People's Republic of China]. The text of the final version follows below in the original Chinese along with a crude English translation. (中华人民共和国爱国主义教育法 [Patriotism Education Law of the People's Republic of China]).
And that is the context in which one might usefully approach the "Ninth Five-Year Plan (2026–2030) for Publicity and Education on the Rule of Law" Formulated by the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Justice [中共中央 国务院转发《中央宣传部、司法部关于开展法治宣传教育的第九个五年规划（2026－2030年）》] and made available 27 July 2026.
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| Pix credit here (Earnestly study, deeply criticize revisionism, 1971) |
The document is a joint CPC Central Committee/State Council transmittal of a Ninth Five-Year Plan (2026–2030) for legal publicity and education (法治宣传教育), jointly issued by the Central Publicity Department and Ministry of Justice. It is best understood as a propaganda-and-education roadmap rather than a substantive lawmaking instrument — it does not create new legal rights or obligations but directs how existing and future law is to be taught, popularized, and ideologically framed across Chinese society over the next five years.
General Requirements (Part I): Frames the plan under Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, invoking the canonical formulae of Party loyalty (Two Establishes, Four Consciousnesses, Four-Sphere Confidence, Two Upholds) and tying implementation to the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Its 2030 targets are: improved rule-of-law literacy among officials and citizens, deeper integration of legal education with governance practice, and full implementation of the "whoever enforces the law is responsible for publicizing it" (谁执法谁普法) accountability system.
Part II centers on propagating Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law specifically — through curricula (K-12 through university), cadre training, dedicated research centers, media and "achievement" publicity, and an international-communication push framing China's rule-of-law narrative (human rights protections, fairness, adherence to international law) for foreign audiences.
Part III directs publicity on the Constitution, ordinary law, and intra-Party regulations, with notable emphasis on: constitutional education tied to Hong Kong/Macao Basic Law compliance and Taiwan reunification messaging; laws supporting economic development (business environment, digital/platform/low-altitude economy, IP, finance, foreign trade); national-security-adjacent law (overall national security, patriotism, national defense, social governance/"Fengqiao Experience" mediation, criminal law, cults, drugs, cybersecurity, state secrets, counter-espionage, ethnic unity, and religious affairs); livelihood law (Civil Code, environment, labor, consumer, education); and intra-Party regulations run in parallel with state law.
Part IV establishes lifelong civic legal education targeting distinct populations: general citizens (rule-of-law literacy metrics), public officials (mandatory testing, court-observation duties, official accountability), youth (curriculum reform, school legal-affairs deputy principals), and specific social groups (entrepreneurs, gig-economy platform workers, women, elderly, disabled persons, migrant workers, village/community cadres, journalists, internet users, outbound Chinese citizens/firms, and foreigners residing in China).
Part V calls for "precision" legal education using big-data audience analysis, new media formats (micro-video, AI-generated content), and new platforms (a "Digital-Intelligence Legal Popularization" platform linked to court-judgment databases).
Part VI addresses cultivating "socialist rule-of-law culture," including "Red" legal heritage tied to CCP history, traditional Chinese legal culture, and cultural-brand development.
Part VII is the implementation-mechanics section: enforcement-responsibility systems, integration of publicity with actual law-based governance (legislative transparency, case publication, "governance by exemplary case"), media/platform public-interest obligations, mobilization of "legally savvy persons" and volunteers, and — notably — a "risk prevention and control" clause instructing that no channel be given to "erroneous ideas or viewpoints" about the rule of law and that self-media accounts be policed against "misinterpretation."
Part VIII assigns implementation responsibility to local Party/government bodies and judicial administrative departments, provides for funding and mid-term evaluation, warns against formalism/bureaucratism, and extends the plan (by reference) to the military.
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| Pix credit here (Struggle to greatly raise the scientific and and cultural level of the whole Chinese people, 1978) |
My prior work — particularly the writing on Chinese Marxist-Leninist constitutionalism, the semiotics of law under Party-state systems, and the ideological architecture of "New Era" Marxism-Leninism — may provide a useful frame for approaching this document for what it says and more importantly what it signifies. Reading this document not as ordinary legislation but as the phenomenological (in textual form) but as a textual performance of political meaning whose projection onto the masses (within the dialectics of the ,mass line) the primary function of which may well be the production and management of political meaning.
Semiotics of law as sign-system, not rule-system. I have suggested that in the Chinese Marxist-Leninist system, "law" (法) and "rule of law" (法治) function less as autonomous normative orders than as signifiers embedded within a broader ideological sign-system controlled by the Party. This Plan is a striking illustration: it is, on its face, a document about teaching law, yet its operative content is almost entirely about signification — which stories to tell (Part II's "tell the story of" language for international audiences), which "signs" to display (Part VI's "Red" legal heritage exhibits, legal-culture "brands," museum displays), and which meanings to attach to legal compliance (contracts, rules, "public order and good morals" in Part IV). A semiotic reading would emphasize that the plan treats law itself as a text to be curated and performed — its 普法 (legal-popularization) apparatus is a signifying practice designed to produce ideological legibility and loyalty, not merely legal literacy. The explicit instruction in Part VII(5) that content "must be accurate and clear to avoid misleading the public" and that no channel be given to "erroneous ideas or viewpoints" about the rule of law is telling in this frame: it reveals that the sign of "law" itself is treated as a contested site requiring active curation, precisely because — — meaning in this system is not found but administered.
"New Era" Marxism-Leninism as the document's ontological premise. Xi Jinping Thought describes a necessary reconstitution of orthodox Marxist-Leninist vanguard theory appropriate to the current stage of China's historical development and attuned to the current historical stage's general contradiction (which organized the taxonomy of challenges the political vanguard must overcome). That reconstitution, then must reflect Chinese Leninism and its own subordinated contradictions to elaborate the sinified, technocratically inflected ideology within New Era theory, one in Party leadership is not merely a political fact but the ontological precondition for law's validity — law exists and is legitimate only as an expression of Party leadership, not as a check upon it; except by reference to the Party's overarching cognitive cage expressed from time to time as its Basic political line. This Plan operationalizes that premise structurally: "rule of law" is defined from the outset as inseparable from "Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law," and the plan's "primary task" is to improve legal outcomes by "deeply embedding" that Thought "in the hearts and minds of the people." There are parallels in education elsewhere and under theocratic and liberal democratic systems that teach legality as a function of legal (religious in theocracy) cultural solidarity. The repeated invocation of ritual formulae (Two Establishes, Four Consciousnesses, Two Upholds) functions almost catechismally — as creedal markers of ideological orthodoxy rather than as analytically load-bearing legal content. The document's insistence on "the organic unity of governing the country according to law and governing the Party according to its own regulations" (Part III(5)) is the clearest textual expression of this fusion: law and Party discipline are treated as a single normative order, with intra-Party regulations propagated alongside — and structurally prior to — state law.
People's democratic dictatorship as a sideways structuring logic. The plan does not use this term, but its dual character — simultaneously protective and exclusionary — tracks the classic Maoist-Leninist logic of the people's democratic dictatorship, under which law extends rights and protections to "the people" while functioning as an instrument of suppression against those classified as threats to that people's unity. Part III(3)'s pairing of protective law (financial consumers, workers, minors) with security law (anti-cult, anti-espionage, counter-terrorism-adjacent cybersecurity, religious-affairs "immunity" building) exemplifies this bifurcation. So too does the treatment of religion: citizens are to be educated so that "religious figures and believers" act "within the scope of laws and regulations," while the general public is to gain the capacity to "identify and resist illegal religious activities" — protection and policing operating through the same educational instrument, directed at different registers of the population, precisely the dual function Backer identifies as characteristic of the dictatorship's underlying design even where the term itself has receded from Xi-era vocabulary in favor of softer language like "social governance community."
Patriotic campaigns as the affective register. Finally, the document's explicit invocation of the Patriotic Education Law, national reunification (Taiwan, Hong Kong/Macao constitutional order), ethnic unity ("a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation"), and "Red" legal culture situates legal publicity within what Backer's work frames as a broader genre of patriotic mass campaign — law's legitimacy is bound not to procedural or rights-based justification but to national-historical narrative and loyalty performance. The instruction to cultivate "Red rule-of-law resources" within "the spiritual lineage of the Communist Party" and to build law into museum exhibitions and cultural "brands" (Part VI) exemplifies the campaign-style fusion of legal consciousness with patriotic sentiment that may be understood as a defining feature of law's social function in this system: law is not merely obeyed but felt, displayed, and affectively bonded to national identity and Party historiography.
Read together, these three threads suggest that the Plan is best understood — in semiotic terms — not as a legal-education instrument in the liberal sense, but as a text engineering a semiotic environment in which "rule of law" (法治) is continuously re-signified as "rule by the Party through law," policed against competing meanings, and affectively fused with patriotic and security-oriented mass mobilization. The Plan then is triadically recursive as object, the objects self signification, and its projection as signified into the interpretive community as object, rule and ideology.
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Knowledge is power - Strive to make sure that within twelve years the scientific sectors our nation needs most are able to reach the world's advanced level [知识就是力量 - 争取在十二年内使我国最急需的科学部门能够接近世界先进水平, 1956)
From Education Plan to Object/Subject Within the Chinese AI Architecture. Taking the analysis one stet further, one might consider the inter-relationship of the Plan to China's AI regulatory landscape. That further step reveals what to some may be a striking structural convergence: the Ninth Five-Year Plan's own machinery for producing legal consciousness is now being built atop, and mirrors the logic of, the very AI governance apparatus China has assembled since 2022. Below I map the relevant AI regulatory framework, trace the specific textual linkages to the Plan, and then read the relationship through Backer's semiotic and New Era Marxist-Leninist lens.
Short Background: china's AI governance has developed as a layered, sector-specific regulatory stack rather than a single comprehensive statute. The foundational layer consists of the 2022 Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis of Internet-Based Information Services, which govern "deep learning" and generative/synthetic technologies used to produce text, images, audio, video, and virtual scenes, and require algorithm filing with the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC). Layered above that are the 2022 Provisions on the Management of Algorithmic Recommendations, which impose obedience-to-law, social-mores, and non-discrimination obligations on recommendation-algorithm operators. The centerpiece is the Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services, jointly issued by the CAC and six other ministries and effective August 15, 2023 — China's first dedicated generative-AI regulation, requiring lawful training data, content moderation against material that "subverts state power," "endangers national security," or "spreads disinformation," real-name user verification, and mandatory security assessment and algorithm registration for any service with "public opinion attributes or the capacity for social mobilization".
Since 2025, this stack has been supplemented by a dedicated content-labeling regime: the March 2025 Measures for Labeling of AI-Generated Synthetic Content and the accompanying mandatory national standard GB 45438-2025, effective September 1, 2025, which require "explicit" (visible) and "implicit" (embedded metadata) labels on AI-generated content so audiences can identify machine-produced material. China's amended Cybersecurity Law, effective January 1, 2026, elevated this labeling obligation into statute, and the CAC has already conducted its first public enforcement sweep in April 2026, penalizing several ByteDance platforms for non-compliance. Notably, no comprehensive, codified national "AI Law" is yet in force: NPC deputies proposed one in June 2025, and as of late 2025 no official draft had been released, meaning China continues to govern AI primarily through State Council "Opinions," CAC administrative measures, and national technical standards rather than formal legislation.
Running alongside the control-oriented instruments is a developmental one: the State Council's September 2025 "Opinions on Deepening the Implementation of the 'Artificial Intelligence+' Initiative" (Guo Fa [2025] No. 11), which directs the "broad and deep integration" of AI across virtually every sector of the economy and society through 2035, explicitly including government services, public-safety governance, and "social mobilization" capacity. Internationally, China has paired this domestic build-out with the 2023 Global AI Governance Initiative and the July 2025 Global AI Governance Action Plan unveiled at the World AI Conference, both of which frame AI governance around national sovereignty and "the common values of humanity".(elaborated in one of my recent lectures in China; see here).
The Linkages to the Five-Year Plan. The Plan's Section V(2) instructs authorities to "implement 'Artificial Intelligence + Legal Popularization,'" driving "AI-assisted generation, intelligent distribution, and real-time interaction" of legal-education content. This is not a freestanding initiative — it is a sector-specific application of the "AI+" Action Plan's general mandate to integrate AI into every domain of governance and social life, including public-safety and social-mobilization functions. In effect, the legal-publicity apparatus is being retrofitted as one more vertical within the same national AI-adoption architecture that governs public security, judicial administration, and government services.
Section V(1)'s call for a "big-data" mechanism to "dynamically identify" citizens' legal-education needs by drawing on "government data, judicial data, and internet enterprise data" tracks the same data-driven, precision-governance logic embedded in the Interim Measures for Generative AI Services and the Algorithm Recommendation Provisions, both of which already require operators to manage user data and algorithmic outputs under CAC-supervised filing and security-assessment regimes. The Plan is, in substance, proposing to turn the state's existing AI-governed data infrastructure into an instrument of ideological targeting.
Also, the Plan's Part VII(5) — its "risk prevention and control" clause instructing that no channel be given to "erroneous ideas or viewpoints" about the rule of law and that "self-media" accounts be prevented from "misinterpretation" — sits on precisely the same legal foundation as the AI content rules. The Interim Measures already condition public deployment of generative AI on a security assessment where the service carries "social mobilization" capacity, and the 2025 Labeling Measures exist expressly to "put an end to the misuse of AI generative technologies and the spread of false information." The Plan's propaganda-control language and the AI regulatory regime's content-control language are functionally the same instruction applied to two production modes — human-authored commentary and machine-generated content — under a single supervisory logic administered by the same authorities (the CAC and Party publicity departments).
How Might One Crafty Meaning from Connection/Coordination/Layering? Let's start with a semiotic baseline: a semiotic account of Chinese Marxist-Leninist law treats legal and political texts as elements of a curated sign-system whose meaning the Party actively administers rather than passively regulates. The AI-labeling regime supplies a striking new instantiation of this logic: the state now requires that every unit of AI-generated content carry a visible or embedded mark distinguishing it from human speech. This is semiotic administration in its purest form — the sign-system is not merely policed for content but is now required to disclose its own mode of production, so that the Party-state's curatorial apparatus can track which "voice" (human or machine) is speaking law into public consciousness. Read against the Plan's own instruction to use AI for "intelligent generation" of legal-education content, the labeling regime and the propaganda plan converge on the same semiotic anxiety: the state must know, and make legible to the public, which signs of "rule of law" are Party-authored, whether through a cadre lecturer or an AI system trained and filed under CAC supervision.The New Era Marxist-Leninist premise that Party leadership is the ontological precondition for law's validity — rather than external to it — also explains why China has built this entire AI framework through Party-linked administrative "Opinions" and CAC measures rather than codified legislation passed by the NPC. Just as the Five-Year Plan itself is a joint Party-Committee/State-Council transmittal rather than a statute, the AI governance stack privileges flexible, Party-guided administrative instruments (Interim Measures, State Council Opinions, national technical standards) over fixed general law. This is consistent with with the notion I developed elsewhere that in this system, governance instruments derive authority from their proximity to Party direction rather than from formal legislative process — the absence of a comprehensive AI Law, even as AI regulation intensifies, is not a gap but a structural preference.
The dual protective/disciplinary logic associated with my reading of the people's democratic dictatorship reappears cleanly in the AI stack. The labeling and data-protection rules genuinely protect citizens — requiring consent before biometric data (e.g., voiceprint cloning) is used, and prohibiting content that infringes reputation or privacy. Simultaneously, the same instruments authorize security assessment, real-name registration, log retention, and takedown powers wherever content touches "social mobilization" or state security. This is the identical bifurcated structure identified in the Plan's own pairing of consumer/worker protection with anti-cult, counter-espionage, and religious-affairs "immunity" education — protection for "the people," discipline for whatever falls outside that category, now extended into the algorithmic domain.
Finally, the patriotic-campaign register that structures the Plan's cultural provisions (Red legal heritage, national reunification messaging, ethnic-unity education) finds its technological extension in the "AI+" Action Plan's explicit inclusion of AI-enhanced "social mobilization" capacity within public-safety and social-governance work. Where the classic patriotic campaign mobilized citizens through mass meetings, media campaigns, and model exemplars, the AI+legal-popularization directive proposes to mobilize the same affective and behavioral compliance through algorithmically personalized, "real-time interactive" content distributed at population scale. The campaign genre survives; only its distribution technology has been upgraded, with the CAC's labeling and algorithm-filing regime serving as the new institutional guarantor that this AI-mediated mobilization remains legible to, and controlled by, the Party-state apparatus that Backer's work identifies as the ultimate author of the sign-system itself.
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And thus back to the title of this reflection: "Produce High Quality Marxist Knowledge to Move Patriotically Along the Socialist Path!" That framing may itself serve as a fitting extension of the analysis rather than a mere label. It performs the very phenomenon the analysis describes: it casts the act of commentary — the "production" of interpretive knowledge about the Plan — as itself a patriotic, socialist-path activity, echoing the Plan's own insistence that legal knowledge be curated, accurate, and free of "erroneous ideas or viewpoints". In other words, the title enacts the semiotic point argued earlier: that in this system, commentary on law is not a neutral academic exercise standing outside the Party's sign-system, but is itself absorbed into the same patriotic-campaign logic that the Plan directs at citizens, students, and AI-generated content alike.
The Original Chinese and a crude English translation of 《中央宣传部、司法部关于开展法治宣传教育的第九个五年规划（2026－2030年）》 ["Ninth Five-Year Plan (2026–2030) for Publicity and Education on the Rule of Law" Formulated by the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Justice] follows below.
中共中央 国务院转发《中央宣传部、司法部关于开展法治宣传教育的第九个五年规划（2026－2030年）》
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新华社北京7月27日电 近日，中共中央、国务院转发了《中央宣传部、司法部关于开展法治宣传教育的第九个五年规划（2026－2030年）》，并发出通知，要求各地区各部门结合实际认真贯彻落实。
《中央宣传部、司法部关于开展法治宣传教育的第九个五年规划（2026－2030年）》全文如下。
法治宣传教育是全面依法治国的长期基础性工作。为加强和改进法治宣传教育，推动尊法学法守法用法在全社会蔚然成风，制定本规划。
一、总体要求
坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻党的二十大和二十届历次全会精神，认真落实四中全会部署，全面贯彻习近平法治思想，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，坚持党的全面领导，坚持人民至上，坚持全面依法治国，坚持服务“十五五”时期经济社会发展大局，以推动习近平法治思想深入人心为首要任务，以贯彻实施法治宣传教育法为抓手，以繁荣发展社会主义法治文化为支撑，以健全法治宣传教育工作体系为保障，践行社会主义核心价值观，弘扬社会主义法治精神，推进法治社会建设，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业营造良好法治环境。
到2030年，领导干部依法办事能力水平和公民法治素养持续提升，全社会崇尚法治、恪守规则、尊重契约、维护公正的良好环境进一步形成；法治宣传教育与依法治理、法治实践深度融合，全面依法治国的社会基础进一步夯实；“谁执法谁普法”普法责任制深入落实，法治宣传教育工作制度化规范化科学化水平全面提升。
二、推动习近平法治思想深入人心
（一）持续深化学习宣传。组建习近平法治思想宣讲师资库，研发示范精品课程，用好《习近平法治文选》第一卷、习近平总书记《论坚持全面依法治国》和《习近平法治思想学习纲要（2025年版）》、《习近平法治思想学习问答》、《习近平法治思想系列讲读》等，深入学习宣传习近平法治思想及其丰富发展的最新成果。将习近平法治思想纳入党委（党组）理论学习中心组、党校（行政学院）、干部学院学习培训重要内容。将习近平法治思想纳入大中小学相关课程，在法学专业开好习近平法治思想必修课，支持有条件的高校在其他专业开设选修课，组织编写《习近平法治思想大学生读本》，用好《习近平法治思想概论》等教材，推动习近平法治思想全方位进教材、进课堂、进头脑。发挥习近平法治思想研究中心、全面依法治国研究中心等阵地作用，用好百名法学家百场报告会、中国法治实务大讲堂等平台，深化习近平法治思想研究阐释和大众化传播。
（二）强化法治实践和成就宣传。聚焦在习近平法治思想指引下全面依法治国的生动实践和取得的历史性成就，通过编写实践案例、组织媒体报道、网络主题宣传等，深入宣传党中央对全面依法治国的集中统一领导，宣传党在领导立法、保证执法、支持司法、带头守法等方面的重大举措和成效，宣传新时代我国社会主义法治建设的标志性成果，激发全社会信仰法治、厉行法治的自觉性主动性。
（三）深入推进国际传播。用好各类媒体合作机制和平台渠道，深入阐释习近平法治思想蕴含的全人类共同价值，讲好中国加强人权法治保障、维护公平正义、遵守国际法治、促进人类法治文明的故事，宣传中国特色社会主义法治优越性。加强涉外法治宣传和国际交流合作，通过举办学术论坛、开展多双边法治对话等，阐释中国特色涉外法治理念、主张和成功实践，从法治角度展现可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象。
三、深入学习宣传宪法、法律法规和党内法规
（一）突出宪法宣传教育。抓领导干部、新录用公务员、青少年等重点群体，抓宪法纪念、宪法宣誓、宪法教材建设等重点载体，抓学校、社区、媒体、网络等重点阵地，推动宪法宣传教育常态化长效化。组织好国家宪法日和年度法治人物宣传活动。持续深入开展全国学生“学宪法讲宪法”活动。加强宪法和特别行政区基本法宣传教育，增强港澳同胞维护宪法和基本法确定的特别行政区宪制秩序的意识。积极宣传反分裂国家法和推进祖国统一方针政策，增强包括台湾同胞在内的全中国人民对完成祖国统一大业神圣职责的认识。
（二）深入宣传与推动高质量发展相关的法律法规。大力宣传国家发展规划、优化营商环境、促进民营经济发展、推进乡村全面振兴等方面的法律法规，服务建设全国统一大市场，加快构建新发展格局。大力宣传数字经济、平台经济、低空经济、科技创新、知识产权保护等方面的法律法规，促进新兴产业和未来产业发展，服务发展新质生产力。深入宣传金融领域法律法规，强化金融机构依法合规经营意识，加强金融消费者、投资者合法权益保护，防范化解金融风险，推动金融高质量发展。深入宣传对外贸易、吸引利用外资、对外投资、国际商事争议解决以及人员出境入境等方面的法律法规，服务扩大高水平对外开放。
（三）深入宣传与维护国家安全和社会稳定相关的法律法规。大力宣传总体国家安全观和国家安全相关法律法规，深化全民国家安全教育日法治宣传教育活动。深入宣传爱国主义教育法，传承和弘扬爱国主义精神。深入宣传国防和军队建设、跨军地治理相关法律法规，增强全民国防安全意识，提升跨军地治理效能。加强社会治理相关法律法规宣传教育，推动建设人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社会治理共同体。坚持和发展新时代“枫桥经验”，深入宣传矛盾纠纷多元预防调处化解相关法律法规。深入宣传刑事、治安管理、反邪教、禁毒、网络安全、保密、反间谍等方面的法律法规，促进预防惩治违法犯罪。加强突发事件应对法治宣传教育，推动全社会提高突发事件预防应对能力。以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线，加强促进民族团结进步法治宣传教育，增强中华民族凝聚力，推进中华民族共同体建设。加强宗教事务方面的法治宣传教育，引导宗教界人士和信教群众自觉在法律法规规定范围内开展活动，提升全社会对非法宗教活动的鉴别力和免疫力。
（四）深入宣传与保障和改善民生、建设美丽中国相关的法律法规。创新开展“美好生活·民法典相伴”主题宣传活动。深入宣传文化遗产保护、全民阅读促进等文化领域法律法规。围绕交通、医疗、劳动、消费、婚姻家庭等群众法律需求较大领域，编制普法工作指南。围绕群众关心的热点问题，深入宣传促进就业创业、教育、社会保障、农村土地承包等相关法律法规。聚焦个人信息保护、防范电信网络诈骗等问题，针对网络谣言、网络暴力、“饭圈”等乱象，深入宣传网络治理相关法律法规。大力宣传生态环境法典，开展“美丽中国，我是行动者”系列活动，加强依法保护鸟类等野生动植物宣传教育。
（五）深入宣传党内法规。坚持依法治国和依规治党有机统一，一体加强党内法规和法律法规学习宣传教育。大力宣传党章和党的组织法规、领导法规、自身建设法规、监督保障法规，加强对新制定修订的党内法规的宣传解读，增强党内法规权威性和执行力。将党内法规纳入党委（党组）理论学习中心组学习、基层党组织“三会一课”必学内容和党员学习培训重点内容，常态化推进尊规学规守规用规，教育引导广大党员懂法纪、明规矩、知敬畏。
四、深入实施公民终身法治教育制度
（一）深化公民法治素养提升行动。广泛开展群众性法治宣传教育活动，强化规则意识，倡导契约精神，弘扬公序良俗，推动形成办事依法、遇事找法、解决问题用法、化解矛盾靠法的社会共识和行为习惯。研究建立公民法治素养基准和测评指标体系。大力宣传崇法向善、厉行法治的典型人物和事迹。
（二）把法治教育纳入干部教育体系，深化国家工作人员法治宣传教育。健全国家工作人员录用考法、日常学法制度，将法治教育纳入教育培训规划计划。全面落实领导干部应知应会党内法规和法律法规清单制度。深入落实国家工作人员旁听庭审、行政机关负责人出庭应诉等制度。发挥领导干部示范带头作用，鼓励党政主要负责人带头讲授法治课。完善综合性法治评价工作机制，提升领导干部法治素养和依法办事能力。
（三）把法治教育纳入国民教育体系，加强青少年法治宣传教育。以青少年身心特点和成长需求为导向，加强正面引导，构建课堂为主、家庭协同、社会联动的青少年法治教育格局。修订《青少年法治教育大纲》。将法治素养纳入学生综合素质评价范围。推动中小学法治副校长配备全覆盖并有效履职。推动有条件的中小学配备具有法学专业背景的法治课教师，实现法治课教师法治培训全覆盖。实施多样化的法治实践教育。加强对各类法治教育进校园活动的统筹。在矫治教育、专门教育和专门矫治教育中重点加强法治教育。探索建立“家长法治课堂”，提升家长对未成年人进行法治教育的意识能力。
（四）把法治教育纳入社会教育体系，加强各类群体法治宣传教育。完善企业经营管理人员学法用法制度，实施新时代民营企业家法治素养提升计划。加强平台企业和新就业形态劳动者法治宣传教育，推动平台企业依法规范用工、保障新就业形态劳动者合法权益，引导新就业形态劳动者遵规守法、依法维权。根据妇女、老年人、残疾人、进城务工人员等群体特点，开展有针对性的法治宣传教育。加强村干部、社区工作者法治宣传教育，提高其服务基层依法治理能力。加强新闻媒体从业人员法治宣传教育，引导其运用法治思维解读社会问题，依法规范报道案事件。加强网络服务提供者、网络从业人员和网民法治宣传教育，促进网络服务提供者、网络从业人员依法经营、履行义务，引导网民文明上网、理性表达。加强“走出去”中国公民、企业法治宣传教育，引导其遵守我国和当地法律，防范和应对法律风险。加强对在华工作生活外国人法治宣传教育，帮助其了解并遵守我国法律法规，保障其在华各项合法权益。
五、加快形成精准开展法治宣传教育新模式
（一）把握法治宣传教育新需求。探索建立基于大数据的精准研判机制，依托政务数据、司法数据、互联网企业数据等，动态识别群众法治宣传教育需求和法治素养薄弱环节，针对不同群体精准开展法治宣传教育。及时了解受众反馈，动态调整法治宣传教育内容和方式。
（二）探索法治宣传教育新方式。在利用好传统法治宣传教育方式的同时，深化全媒体法治传播体系建设，运用微视频、微电影、微短剧、动漫等形式，提升法治宣传教育传播力影响力。持续办好全国法治动漫微视频作品征集展播等活动。实施“法治+非遗”，将法治元素嵌入文化旅游、体育赛事、传统节日、民俗活动等。实施“人工智能+普法”，推动法治宣传教育内容的人工智能辅助生成、智能分发、实时互动。推动社会热点案事件舆论引导与法治宣传教育相结合，引导执法司法机关、媒体、专家等及时开展法治解读。
（三）拓展法治宣传教育新平台。依托现有资源建设“数智普法”平台，加强与中国裁判文书网、人民法院案例库、地方法治宣传教育网站、互联网平台等的资源共享。建设全国统一的法律法规规章和规范性文件信息平台。结合工作实际，在政务服务平台、公共交通设施和社区智能终端等嵌入智能法治宣传教育模块。延展法治宣传教育新媒体矩阵，打造一批高质量法治宣传教育新媒体账号。
六、繁荣发展社会主义法治文化
（一）弘扬红色法治文化。深入发掘、研究、保护红色法治资源，加强中国共产党人精神谱系中法治元素的研究阐释宣传。开展红色法治遗址遗迹和文物普查登记，强化保护措施。把红色法治元素融入党史展览馆、博物馆等文化阵地，打造高质量精品展陈。加强新时代廉洁文化建设，推动廉洁文化走进各行各业、千家万户，弘扬崇廉拒腐社会风尚。
（二）传承中华优秀传统法律文化。鼓励支持高校、研究机构、媒体、智库等加强对中国古代法律典籍、文物、遗迹等的整理研究。依托现有资源建设中华优秀传统法律文化数字图书馆和资源数据库。出版传统法律智慧与新时代法治实践系列丛书。发布中华优秀传统法律文化传承发展典型案例。
（三）丰富法治文化产品供给。加强法治文化品牌培育，鼓励结合特定地域、行业、群体实际，打造特色鲜明的法治文化品牌。实施优秀法治文化作品创作扶持计划，建设法治文化精品库，组织开展全国性交流展示活动。
（四）加强和规范法治文化阵地建设。建立法治文化场所名录，向社会公布并动态更新。加强网络法治文化阵地建设，打造一批网络法治文化传播品牌。加强法治文化阵地设施、内容维护更新，依托阵地广泛开展群众性法治文化活动。
七、健全法治宣传教育工作体系
（一）全面落实“谁执法谁普法”普法责任制。完善国家机关“谁执法谁普法”普法责任清单制度，将履行普法责任情况纳入法治政府建设情况报告、市县级地方党政主要负责人年终述法重要内容。落实“谁管理谁普法”、“谁服务谁普法”，推动群团组织、行业组织、基层群众性自治组织、法律服务机构、企业等积极开展法治宣传教育。探索建立部门普法、军地普法协同联动机制。落实普法提示和责任追究制度，完善司法行政机关普法提示工作相关规定。
（二）完善法治宣传教育与依法治理、法治实践融合机制。深化基层和行业依法治理，引导人民群众在参与法治实践、解决身边实际问题中提升法治素养。加强立法立项、起草、审查、审议、公布、施行等全过程宣传解读，扩大社会参与，推动法律法规实施。加强行政执法、司法文书释法说理，制定执法司法办案全过程开展法治宣传教育工作指引。完善行政机关、监察机关、司法机关典型案例发布制度，落实司法案件公开审查、听证制度，加强以案普法。推动法治宣传教育与加强基层治理、倡导移风易俗相结合，持续整治高额彩礼、低俗婚闹、人情攀比、薄养厚葬等问题。
（三）健全媒体和网络服务提供者公益法治宣传教育制度。推动新闻媒体开设法治专栏专题、刊播法治公益广告、报道法治新闻等，履行公益法治宣传教育责任。市地级以上党报、都市报要合理确定公益法治宣传教育版面比重，广播电台、电视台要加大公益法治宣传教育节目制播力度。推动网络服务提供者特别是大型网络平台设置固定公益法治宣传教育栏目，积极组织网络法治宣传教育活动，对社会热点案事件的权威法治解读给予流量倾斜和推送支持。
（四）引导规范社会力量参与法治宣传教育。深入实施“法律明白人”培养工程，稳步实现有条件的村（社区）至少有5名“法律明白人”，探索在行业领域培养“法律明白人”，发挥其社情民意信息员、法律政策宣传员、矛盾纠纷化解员、法治实践引导员作用。建设全国“法律明白人”网校。鼓励引导国家工作人员、法学教育研究者、法律服务工作者和法学专业学生等担任普法志愿者，研究制定普法志愿者工作指引。打造大学生法治宣讲团品牌。完善社会力量参与法治宣传教育激励保障机制。建立全国法治宣传教育专家库，加强法治宣传教育研究与人才培养。
（五）完善法治宣传教育风险防控机制。严格落实意识形态工作责任制，加强法治宣传教育阵地管理，不给涉法治错误思想和观点提供传播渠道。法治宣传教育的内容应当准确、清楚，避免误导群众。压实网络服务提供者责任，严防“自媒体”账号错误解读。
八、加强组织实施
县级以上地方党委和政府要把法治宣传教育工作纳入本地区法治建设总体部署，纳入精神文明建设、平安建设和法治督察等重点内容，及时研究解决工作中的问题。各级人大常委会要加强对法治宣传教育工作的监督。各级司法行政部门要履行主管部门职责，会同党委宣传部门等加强法治宣传教育工作统筹协调和督促指导。县级以上地方政府结合经济社会发展水平和自身实际，为法治宣传教育提供必要经费，加强对社会资金参与支持法治宣传教育工作的鼓励引导和规范管理，保障法治宣传教育工作开展。开展规划实施情况中期评估和总结评估。规划实施要注重实效，力戒形式主义、官僚主义，避免增加基层负担。
军队的第九个五年法治宣传教育工作，参照本规划进行安排部署。
The CPC Central Committee and the State Council Transmit the "Ninth Five-Year Plan (2026–2030) for Rule-of-Law Publicity and Education," Formulated by the Central Publicity Department and the Ministry of Justice
July 27, 2026, 17:55 | Source: Xinhua News Agency
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 27 — The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have recently transmitted the "Ninth Five-Year Plan (2026–2030) for Rule-of-Law Publicity and Education," formulated by the Central Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Ministry of Justice, and issued a notice requiring all regions and departments to earnestly implement it in light of their actual circumstances.
The full text of the "Ninth Five-Year Plan (2026–2030) for Rule-of-Law Publicity and Education" follows.
Rule-of-law publicity and education is a long-term, foundational task in comprehensively advancing law-based governance of the country. This Plan is formulated in order to strengthen and improve rule-of-law publicity and education and to foster a social atmosphere in which respecting, studying, observing, and applying the law prevails throughout society.
I. General Requirements
We must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; thoroughly implement the spirit of the Party's 20th National Congress and the successive plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee; earnestly carry out the arrangements of the Fourth Plenary Session; and fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law. We must deeply grasp the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," reinforce the "Four-Sphere Confidence," and achieve the "Two Upholds." We must uphold the Party's overall leadership, uphold the principle of putting the people first, uphold the comprehensive advancement of law-based governance, and uphold service to the overall economic and social development agenda of the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. With the primary task of promoting the deep-rooted embedding of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law in the hearts and minds of the people; with the implementation of the Rule of Law Publicity and Education Law as the key lever; with the flourishing and development of socialist rule-of-law culture as support; and with a sound rule-of-law publicity and education work system as guarantee, we will practice the core socialist values, promote the spirit of socialist rule of law, advance the building of a law-based society, and cultivate a favorable rule-of-law environment for comprehensively building a great modern socialist country and achieving national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernization.
By 2030: leading officials' capacity to act in accordance with law and citizens' rule-of-law literacy will continue to improve; a social environment that reveres the rule of law, abides by rules, respects contracts, and upholds fairness will be further consolidated; rule-of-law publicity and education will be deeply integrated with law-based governance and rule-of-law practice, further strengthening the social foundation for comprehensively advancing law-based governance; the responsibility system whereby "whoever enforces the law is responsible for popularizing it" will be thoroughly implemented; and the institutionalization, standardization, and scientization of rule-of-law publicity and education work will be comprehensively enhanced.
II. Promoting the Deep-Rooted Embedding of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law
(I) Continue to deepen study and publicity. Establish a pool of lecturers on Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and develop exemplary, high-quality courses. Make full use of Selected Writings of Xi Jinping on the Rule of Law (Volume I), General Secretary Xi Jinping's On Upholding Comprehensive Law-Based Governance, the Outline for the Study of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law (2025 Edition), Questions and Answers on the Study of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, and the Lecture Series on Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, to conduct in-depth study and publicity of the Thought and its latest developments. Incorporate Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law as a key component of study for Party committee (Party leadership group) theoretical study centers, Party schools (academies of governance), and cadre academies. Incorporate Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law into relevant curricula at the primary, secondary, and higher education levels; offer it as a required course for law majors and support qualified universities in offering it as an elective for other majors; organize the compilation of a Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law Reader for College Students; make good use of textbooks such as Introduction to Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law; and promote the comprehensive incorporation of the Thought into textbooks, classrooms, and minds. Bring into play the roles of the Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law Research Center and the Comprehensive Law-Based Governance Research Center as key platforms; make good use of platforms such as the "Hundred Jurists, Hundred Lectures" series and the "China Rule of Law Practice Lecture Hall" to deepen research, interpretation, and popular dissemination of the Thought.
(II) Strengthen publicity of rule-of-law practice and achievements. Focusing on the vivid practice and historic achievements of comprehensively advancing law-based governance under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, and through compiling practical case studies, organizing media coverage, and conducting online thematic publicity, deeply publicize the Party Central Committee's centralized, unified leadership over comprehensive law-based governance; publicize the Party's major measures and achievements in leading legislation, guaranteeing law enforcement, supporting the judiciary, and taking the lead in observing the law; and publicize the landmark achievements of socialist rule-of-law construction in the new era, so as to stimulate society's conscious initiative in believing in and vigorously practicing the rule of law.
(III) Deepen international communication. Make full use of various media cooperation mechanisms and platform channels to deeply explain the values shared by all humanity embodied in Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law; tell China's story of strengthening the rule-of-law guarantee of human rights, upholding fairness and justice, observing the international rule of law, and advancing the rule-of-law civilization of humankind; and publicize the superiority of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics. Strengthen publicity on foreign-related rule of law and international exchange and cooperation; through academic forums, multilateral and bilateral rule-of-law dialogues, and similar means, explain China's foreign-related rule-of-law concepts, propositions, and successful practices, presenting a credible, appealing, and respectable image of China from the perspective of the rule of law.
III. Deepening Study and Publicity of the Constitution, Laws and Regulations, and Intra-Party Regulations
(I) Emphasize constitutional publicity and education. Focus on key groups — leading officials, newly recruited civil servants, and young people; key vehicles — Constitution commemoration events, constitutional oath-taking, and constitutional textbook development; and key venues — schools, communities, media, and the internet — to promote the regularization and long-term effectiveness of constitutional publicity and education. Effectively organize National Constitution Day and the annual "Rule of Law Figures" publicity activities. Continue the nationwide student "Learn the Constitution, Speak About the Constitution" campaign. Strengthen publicity and education on the Constitution and the Basic Laws of the Special Administrative Regions, enhancing the awareness of Hong Kong and Macao compatriots in upholding the constitutional order of the Special Administrative Regions as established by the Constitution and the Basic Laws. Actively publicize the Anti-Secession Law and the policies for advancing national reunification, strengthening the understanding among the entire Chinese people — including Taiwan compatriots — of the sacred duty to complete the great cause of national reunification.
(II) Deepen publicity of laws and regulations related to high-quality development. Vigorously publicize laws and regulations on national development planning, optimizing the business environment, promoting the development of the private economy, and comprehensively revitalizing rural areas, in service of building a unified national market and accelerating the construction of a new development pattern. Vigorously publicize laws and regulations on the digital economy, platform economy, low-altitude economy, technological innovation, and intellectual property protection, promoting the development of emerging and future industries in service of developing new quality productive forces. Deeply publicize laws and regulations in the financial sector, strengthening financial institutions' awareness of lawful and compliant operation, enhancing the protection of the lawful rights and interests of financial consumers and investors, preventing and defusing financial risk, and promoting high-quality financial development. Deeply publicize laws and regulations on foreign trade, the attraction and use of foreign investment, outbound investment, international commercial dispute resolution, and entry and exit of persons, in service of expanding high-standard opening-up.
(III) Deeply publicize laws and regulations related to safeguarding national security and social stability. Vigorously publicize the Overall National Security Outlook and related laws and regulations, deepening rule-of-law publicity and education activities for National Security Education Day. Deeply publicize the Patriotic Education Law, carrying forward and promoting the spirit of patriotism. Deeply publicize laws and regulations on national defense and military development and on cross-military-and-civilian governance, strengthening the whole population's awareness of national defense security and improving the effectiveness of cross-military-and-civilian governance. Strengthen publicity and education on laws and regulations related to social governance, promoting the building of a social governance community in which everyone is responsible, everyone fulfills their duty, and everyone shares the benefits. Uphold and develop the new-era "Fengqiao Experience," deeply publicizing laws and regulations related to the diversified prevention, mediation, and resolution of disputes. Deeply publicize laws and regulations on criminal matters, public security administration, anti-cult work, drug control, cybersecurity, secrecy protection, and counter-espionage, to promote the prevention and punishment of unlawful and criminal acts. Strengthen rule-of-law publicity and education on emergency response, promoting society-wide improvement in the capacity to prevent and respond to emergencies. Taking the forging of a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation as the guiding thread, strengthen rule-of-law publicity and education promoting ethnic unity and progress, enhancing the cohesion of the Chinese nation and advancing the building of a community for the Chinese nation. Strengthen rule-of-law publicity and education on religious affairs, guiding religious figures and believers to conduct their activities consciously within the bounds set by laws and regulations, and enhancing society's ability to identify and resist unlawful religious activity.
(IV) Deeply publicize laws and regulations related to ensuring and improving people's livelihoods and building a Beautiful China. Innovatively conduct the thematic publicity campaign "A Better Life, Accompanied by the Civil Code." Deeply publicize laws and regulations in the cultural sphere, such as those on cultural heritage protection and the promotion of nationwide reading. Compile guidelines for legal-popularization work focused on areas of significant public legal need, such as transportation, healthcare, labor, consumer affairs, and marriage and family matters. Focusing on hot-button issues of public concern, deeply publicize laws and regulations related to promoting employment and entrepreneurship, education, social security, and rural land contracting. Focusing on issues such as personal information protection and the prevention of telecom and online fraud, and targeting disorders such as online rumors, cyberbullying, and toxic "fan-circle" culture, deeply publicize laws and regulations on internet governance. Vigorously publicize the Ecological Environment Code, carry out the "Beautiful China, I Am a Doer" series of activities, and strengthen publicity and education on the lawful protection of birds and other wildlife.
(V) Deeply publicize intra-Party regulations. Uphold the organic unity of governing the country according to law and governing the Party according to its own regulations, strengthening study and publicity of both intra-Party regulations and state laws and regulations as one integrated effort. Vigorously publicize the Party Constitution and Party regulations on organization, leadership, self-construction, and supervision and safeguards; strengthen publicity and interpretation of newly formulated or revised intra-Party regulations, enhancing their authority and enforceability. Incorporate intra-Party regulations into the study of Party committee (Party leadership group) theoretical study centers, the mandatory content of primary-level Party organizations' "Three Meetings and One Lesson," and key content of Party member study and training; promote, as a matter of course, respecting, studying, observing, and applying regulations, educating and guiding Party members to understand law and discipline, know the rules, and cultivate a sense of awe.
IV. Thoroughly Implementing the System of Lifelong Rule-of-Law Education for Citizens
(I) Deepen the initiative to raise citizens' rule-of-law literacy. Widely conduct mass rule-of-law publicity and education activities; strengthen awareness of rules, advocate the spirit of contract, and promote public order and good morals; foster a social consensus and behavioral habit of acting in accordance with law, turning to the law when problems arise, using the law to resolve issues, and relying on the law to defuse disputes. Research and establish benchmarks and an evaluation index system for citizens' rule-of-law literacy. Vigorously publicize exemplary individuals and deeds that honor the law and practice virtue while vigorously upholding the rule of law.
(II) Incorporate rule-of-law education into the cadre education system, deepening rule-of-law publicity and education for public officials. Improve systems for testing legal knowledge upon the recruitment of public officials and for their ongoing legal study, incorporating rule-of-law education into education and training plans. Fully implement the list system for the intra-Party regulations and laws that leading officials must know and be familiar with. Thoroughly implement the systems requiring public officials to observe court proceedings and the heads of administrative organs to appear in court to respond to litigation. Bring into play the exemplary, leading role of leading officials, encouraging principal Party and government leaders to personally teach rule-of-law lessons. Improve the comprehensive rule-of-law evaluation mechanism, raising leading officials' rule-of-law literacy and capacity to act in accordance with law.
(III) Incorporate rule-of-law education into the national education system, strengthening rule-of-law publicity and education for young people. Guided by young people's physical and psychological characteristics and developmental needs, strengthen positive guidance and build a framework for youth rule-of-law education centered on the classroom, coordinated with the family, and linked with society. Revise the Outline for Rule-of-Law Education for Young People. Incorporate rule-of-law literacy into the scope of students' comprehensive quality assessment. Promote full coverage of deputy principals for rule-of-law affairs in primary and secondary schools and ensure they effectively fulfill their duties. Promote the appointment, at qualified primary and secondary schools, of rule-of-law course teachers with legal backgrounds, achieving full coverage of rule-of-law training for such teachers. Implement diversified forms of rule-of-law practical education. Strengthen the coordination of various rule-of-law education campaigns entering campuses. Emphasize the strengthening of rule-of-law education within corrective education, specialized education, and specialized corrective education. Explore the establishment of "parents' rule-of-law classes" to raise parents' awareness and capacity for conducting rule-of-law education for minors.
(IV) Incorporate rule-of-law education into the social education system, strengthening rule-of-law publicity and education for various groups. Improve the system by which enterprise managers study and apply the law, implementing the new-era program to raise the rule-of-law literacy of private entrepreneurs. Strengthen rule-of-law publicity and education for platform enterprises and workers in new forms of employment, promoting platform enterprises' lawful and standardized employment practices and the protection of the lawful rights and interests of such workers, and guiding these workers to observe rules and law and to protect their rights lawfully. Conduct targeted rule-of-law publicity and education tailored to the characteristics of groups such as women, the elderly, persons with disabilities, and rural migrant workers. Strengthen rule-of-law publicity and education for village cadres and community workers, improving their capacity to serve primary-level, law-based governance. Strengthen rule-of-law publicity and education for news media practitioners, guiding them to interpret social issues using rule-of-law thinking and to report on cases and incidents in a lawful, standardized manner. Strengthen rule-of-law publicity and education for internet service providers, internet practitioners, and internet users, promoting lawful operation and the fulfillment of obligations by internet service providers and practitioners, and guiding internet users toward civilized, rational online expression. Strengthen rule-of-law publicity and education for Chinese citizens and enterprises "going global," guiding them to observe both Chinese and local law and to prevent and respond to legal risk. Strengthen rule-of-law publicity and education for foreigners living and working in China, helping them understand and observe China's laws and regulations while safeguarding their lawful rights and interests in China.
V. Accelerating the Formation of a New Model for Precision Rule-of-Law Publicity and Education
(I) Grasp new demands for rule-of-law publicity and education. Explore the establishment of a big-data-based mechanism for precise assessment, relying on government affairs data, judicial data, internet enterprise data, and the like, to dynamically identify the public's rule-of-law publicity and education needs and areas of weak rule-of-law literacy, so as to conduct precise, targeted rule-of-law publicity and education for different groups. Promptly gather audience feedback to dynamically adjust the content and methods of rule-of-law publicity and education.
(II) Explore new methods of rule-of-law publicity and education. While making good use of traditional methods, deepen the construction of an all-media rule-of-law communication system, using micro-videos, micro-films, micro-dramas, animation, and similar formats to enhance the reach and influence of rule-of-law publicity and education. Continue to run activities such as the National Rule-of-Law Animation and Micro-Video Works Collection and Screening. Implement "Rule of Law + Intangible Cultural Heritage," embedding rule-of-law elements into cultural tourism, sporting events, traditional festivals, and folk customs. Implement "Artificial Intelligence + Legal Popularization," promoting AI-assisted generation, intelligent distribution, and real-time interaction of rule-of-law publicity and education content. Combine public-opinion guidance on socially prominent cases and incidents with rule-of-law publicity and education, guiding law enforcement and judicial organs, media, and experts to provide timely rule-of-law interpretation.
(III) Expand new platforms for rule-of-law publicity and education. Rely on existing resources to build a "Digital-Intelligence Legal Popularization" platform, strengthening resource sharing with China Judgments Online, the People's Court Case Database, local rule-of-law publicity and education websites, and internet platforms. Build a unified national information platform for laws, regulations, rules, and normative documents. In light of practical work needs, embed intelligent rule-of-law publicity and education modules into government service platforms, public transportation facilities, and community smart terminals. Expand the new-media matrix for rule-of-law publicity and education, and cultivate a number of high-quality new-media accounts dedicated to it.
VI. Flourishing and Developing Socialist Rule-of-Law Culture
(I) Promote "Red" rule-of-law culture. Deeply excavate, research, and protect "Red" rule-of-law resources, strengthening the research, interpretation, and publicity of rule-of-law elements within the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists. Conduct surveys and registration of "Red" rule-of-law sites, relics, and cultural artifacts, and strengthen protective measures. Integrate "Red" rule-of-law elements into cultural venues such as Party history exhibition halls and museums, creating high-quality, premium exhibits. Strengthen the development of a culture of integrity for the new era, promoting a culture of integrity across all trades and every household, and fostering a social atmosphere that honors integrity and rejects corruption.
(II) Carry forward China's fine traditional legal culture. Encourage and support universities, research institutions, media, and think tanks in strengthening the collation and study of ancient Chinese legal texts, artifacts, and historical sites. Rely on existing resources to build a digital library and resource database of China's fine traditional legal culture. Publish a book series on traditional legal wisdom and new-era rule-of-law practice. Release exemplary cases of the inheritance and development of China's fine traditional legal culture.
(III) Enrich the supply of rule-of-law cultural products. Strengthen the cultivation of rule-of-law culture brands, encouraging the development of distinctively branded rule-of-law culture tailored to specific localities, industries, and groups. Implement a support program for the creation of outstanding rule-of-law cultural works, build a repository of premium rule-of-law cultural works, and organize nationwide exchange and exhibition activities.
(IV) Strengthen and standardize the development of rule-of-law culture venues. Establish a directory of rule-of-law culture venues, publish it to society, and update it dynamically. Strengthen the development of online rule-of-law culture platforms, cultivating a number of online rule-of-law culture dissemination brands. Strengthen the maintenance and updating of facilities and content at these venues, relying on them to widely conduct mass rule-of-law culture activities.
VII. Improving the Rule-of-Law Publicity and Education Work System
(I) Fully implement the responsibility system whereby "whoever enforces the law is responsible for popularizing it." Improve the list system of state organs' responsibilities for legal popularization under this principle, incorporating fulfillment of these responsibilities as an important component of reports on the development of a rule-of-law government and of year-end rule-of-law work reports delivered by the principal Party and government leaders at the municipal and county levels. Implement the principles "whoever manages is responsible for legal popularization" and "whoever provides services is responsible for legal popularization," promoting active participation in rule-of-law publicity and education by mass organizations, industry associations, primary-level self-governing mass organizations, legal service institutions, and enterprises. Explore establishing coordinated linkage mechanisms for legal popularization between government departments and between military and civilian authorities. Implement the systems for legal-popularization reminders and accountability, improving the regulations of judicial administrative organs on legal-popularization reminder work.
(II) Improve mechanisms integrating rule-of-law publicity and education with law-based governance and rule-of-law practice. Deepen law-based governance at the primary level and within industries, guiding the public to raise their rule-of-law literacy through participation in rule-of-law practice and the resolution of practical problems around them. Strengthen publicity and interpretation throughout the entire process of legislation — project initiation, drafting, review, deliberation, promulgation, and implementation — expanding public participation and promoting the implementation of laws and regulations. Strengthen the explanation of legal reasoning in administrative law-enforcement and judicial documents, formulating work guidelines for conducting rule-of-law publicity and education throughout the entire process of law-enforcement and judicial case handling. Improve the system for the release of exemplary cases by administrative, supervisory, and judicial organs; implement systems for the public review and hearing of judicial cases; and strengthen the use of cases in legal popularization. Combine rule-of-law publicity and education with strengthening primary-level governance and advocating the reform of customs, continuing to address problems such as exorbitant betrothal gifts, vulgar wedding pranks, extravagant social-obligation gift-giving, and lavish funerals paired with neglect of the living.
(III) Improve the system for public-interest rule-of-law publicity and education by media and internet service providers. Encourage news media to open dedicated rule-of-law columns and features, broadcast public-interest rule-of-law advertisements, and report rule-of-law news, fulfilling their public-interest rule-of-law publicity and education responsibilities. Party newspapers and metropolitan papers at and above the municipal level shall reasonably determine the proportion of space devoted to public-interest rule-of-law publicity and education, and radio and television stations shall intensify the production and broadcast of such programming. Urge internet service providers, particularly large internet platforms, to set up permanent public-interest rule-of-law publicity and education columns, actively organize online rule-of-law publicity and education activities, and give traffic priority and promotional support to authoritative rule-of-law interpretation of socially prominent cases and incidents.
(IV) Guide and regulate the participation of social forces in rule-of-law publicity and education. Deeply implement the "Legally Savvy Persons" (法律明白人) cultivation project, steadily ensuring that qualified villages (communities) have at least five such individuals, and exploring the cultivation of such individuals within industries, bringing into play their roles as information officers on social conditions and public opinion, disseminators of law and policy, mediators of disputes, and guides to rule-of-law practice. Build a national online school for "Legally Savvy Persons." Encourage and guide public officials, legal educators and researchers, legal service workers, and law students to serve as legal-popularization volunteers, formulating work guidelines for such volunteers. Build a brand for university student rule-of-law outreach delegations. Improve incentive and safeguard mechanisms for social-force participation in rule-of-law publicity and education. Establish a national expert pool for rule-of-law publicity and education, strengthening related research and talent cultivation.
(V) Improve the risk prevention and control mechanism for rule-of-law publicity and education. Strictly implement the responsibility system for ideological work, strengthen the management of rule-of-law publicity and education platforms, and provide no channel for the dissemination of erroneous ideas or viewpoints regarding the rule of law. The content of rule-of-law publicity and education must be accurate and clear, avoiding the misleading of the public. Compress the responsibility of internet service providers, strictly guarding against erroneous interpretation by "we-media" accounts.
VIII. Strengthening Organization and Implementation
Local Party committees and governments at and above the county level shall incorporate rule-of-law publicity and education work into their region's overall plans for rule-of-law construction, and into key initiatives such as spiritual civilization construction,平安 (peace and stability) construction, and rule-of-law inspection, promptly studying and resolving problems arising in the work. Standing committees of people's congresses at all levels shall strengthen oversight of rule-of-law publicity and education work. Judicial administrative departments at all levels shall fulfill their responsibilities as the competent authority and, together with Party publicity departments and others, strengthen the overall coordination and supervision and guidance of rule-of-law publicity and education work. Local governments at and above the county level shall, in light of their level of economic and social development and actual circumstances, provide necessary funding for rule-of-law publicity and education; strengthen the encouragement, guidance, and standardized management of social capital participating in and supporting rule-of-law publicity and education; and ensure that this work is carried out. Conduct mid-term and final evaluations of the Plan's implementation. Implementation of the Plan shall focus on genuine results, firmly guard against formalism and bureaucratism, and avoid increasing the burden on the primary level.
The military's Ninth Five-Year rule-of-law publicity and education work shall be arranged and deployed with reference to this Plan.
(Editors: Wei Jia, Bai Yu)
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