For Those who Missed This: 中华人民共和国外交部--中国对拉丁美洲和加勒比政策文件 [Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC--China's Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean]

 

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 On 10 December 2025 the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs [中华人民共和国外交部] distributed its Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean [中国对拉丁美洲和加勒比政策文件]:

As a developing country and a member of the Global South, China has always shared the same destiny with the Global South, including Latin America and the Caribbean. In recent years, Chinese President Xi Jinping has put forward a series of major initiatives and measures to strengthen China-Latin America relations and cooperation in various fields, giving new contemporary significance to China-Latin America relations. The Chinese government is releasing its third "China's Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean," aiming to summarize experiences, look to the future, comprehensively elaborate on China's policy towards Latin America, and promote China-Latin America relations and cooperation in various fields to a new level. [作为发展中国家、全球南方的一员，中国始终同包括拉美和加勒比在内的全球南方同呼吸、共命运。近年来，中国国家主席习近平就加强中拉关系和各领域合作提出一系列重大倡议和举措，赋予中拉关系新的时代内涵。中国政府发布第三份《中国对拉丁美洲和加勒比政策文件》，旨在总结经验，展望未来，全面阐述中国对拉政策，推动中拉关系和各领域合作再上新台阶。] (中国对拉丁美洲和加勒比政策文件)

 The full text of the Policy Paper follows in the original Chinese and in an English Translation. It may also be accessed in the original HERE. 

The policy is particularly interesting as a region specific elaboration of the New Era Chinese International Initiatives: The Global Development Initiative focues on a Socialist Path acceleration of the implementation of the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in its six core principles, development as a priority, a people-centered approach, benefits for all, innovation-driven development, harmony between man and nature, and results-oriented actions. The Global Security Initiative focuses on a Socialist approach to elaborating the spirit spirit of the UN Charter through solidarity measures, addressing traditional and non-traditional security risks and challenges with a win-win approach, and creating a new path to security that features dialogue over confrontation, partnership over alliance, and win-win results over zero-sum games. The Global Civilization Initiative is grounded in advancing  respect for the diversity of civilizations while also advocating the common values of humanity, the importance of continuity and evolution of civilizations, and  closer international people-to-people exchanges and cooperation. (China’s Three Global Initiatives). The 2025 Global Governance Initiative is built around  five core concepts: (1) sovereign equality to ensure participation in global affairs by all countries; (2) international rule of law for a just and orderly global governance system; (3) multilateralism for greater solidarity and cooperation among all countries; (4) a people-centered approach for universally beneficial and inclusive outcomes of global governance; and (5) a pragmatic and efficient global governance process." (Implementing the Global Governance Initiative for a Community with a Shared Future for Humanity).  The Initiatives overlap in broad respect and build on each other to produce a layered iterative self-referencing framework that expresses Socialist values distilled for the global community.  

Also useful may be the commentary:  周志伟：“五大工程”推动中拉命运共同体走深走实 [Zhou Zhiwei: "Five Major Projects" Drive the China-Latin America Community of Shared Future to Deeper and More Substantial Development]. Among the most interesting feature is the way that this initiative represents a good example of the way in which the Silk Roads initiative has evolved past its Belt & Road Initiative stage to now become better embedded in the overall Chinese internationalist project. 

 From a policy perspective, the "Five Major Projects" accurately summarize the practical aspects of China-Latin America cooperation and will serve as important guidelines for China's policy towards Latin America in the next stage, reflecting China's policy philosophy of upholding principles, openness, pragmatism, pioneering spirit, and innovation in its cooperation with Latin America. [从政策内容来看，“五大工程”是对中拉合作实践的精准概括，也将成为下一阶段中国对拉政策的重要遵循，体现出中国对拉合作守正、开放、务实、开拓、创新的政策理念。]

The Solidarity Project aims to consolidate the political foundation. Having weathered the vicissitudes of international affairs, China-Latin America relations have forged a solid consensus on identity and values. . . . Amidst the profound adjustments in the international system, China and Latin America are working together to implement global governance initiatives and jointly revitalize the Global South.

The Development Project aims to promote common prosperity. Development is a key prerequisite for the rise of the Global South and a core demand of both China and Latin America. . . . In addition to further consolidating the incremental advantages in trade and investment, China emphasizes fully utilizing various cooperation mechanisms and platforms under cooperation frameworks such as the Global Development Initiative and the Belt and Road Initiative to continuously share new opportunities for Chinese-style modernization, strengthen the alignment of development strategies, and actively promote cooperation in various fields. Compared with the previous two policy documents on Latin America, the third policy document adds content such as "environmental protection, climate change and disaster reduction cooperation," "tax cooperation," and "market regulation cooperation," reflecting China's goal and vision of high-quality development in its cooperation with Latin America.

The Civilization Project aims to deepen mutual learning among civilizations. Cultural exchange is an important component of China-Latin America cooperation and a crucial guarantee for the upgrading of China-Latin America cooperation. . . .This includes practical cooperation in various fields of cultural heritage, such as ancient civilization research, joint archaeology, monument restoration, and museum exchanges, as well as cooperation on the recovery and return of looted cultural artifacts. Clearly, the revitalization of China-Latin America civilization will be a crucial component of the China-Latin America civilization project.

The Peace Project aims to maintain regional stability. Peace is a fundamental prerequisite for international cooperation and an important guarantee for the construction of a China-Latin America community of shared future. . . .On the one hand, China explicitly supports the Latin American region's security aspirations to become a "peace zone" and a "nuclear-free zone." On the other hand, China actively conducts military exchanges and cooperation with Latin American countries, supporting their security capacity building; jointly combating transnational crime and terrorism and other non-traditional security threats, deepening cooperation in drug enforcement, and expanding cooperation in anti-corruption and asset recovery. . . .

The People-to-People Project aims to enhance friendship between peoples. "People-centered" is the value pursuit of China's distinctive major-country diplomacy. In recent years, "benefiting the people" has become a prominent feature of China-Latin America cooperation. . . .  The third policy document on relations with Latin America clarifies that China and Latin America can deepen cooperation in areas such as social governance and social development, poverty reduction, health, consular affairs, tourism, and people-to-people and local exchanges, further enhancing the benefits of China-Latin America cooperation and fully reflecting the value of the "people-centered" concept in the construction of a China-Latin America community of shared future. (周志伟：“五大工程”推动中拉命运共同体走深走实). See also Enrique Dussel Peters, "Latin America and the Caribbean‑China socioeconomic
relations: new triangular relationships and the Mexican case in 2025," China International Strategy Review (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42533-025-00194-9)

It is most usefully read against the relevant portions of the  National Security Strategy of the United States for 2025 (November 2025) (discussed here: America First as the Essence of National Security and the American Post-Colonial 'Howl': Reflections on the 2025 National Security Strategy of the United States (2025)) and the U.S. Department of State Agency Strategic Plan Fiscal Years 2026-2030 (January 2026)  discussed here: Reflections on the Normative-Institutional Architecture of America First: U.S. State Department "Agency Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2026-2030, the 2026 National Defense Strategy discussed here: Fleshing Out the America First Framework as Peace Through Strength Projections: Brief Reflections on the 2026 National Defense Strategy (US Department of War January 2026).

 

 

 中华人民共和国外交部

中国对拉丁美洲和加勒比政策文件

2025-12-10 11:41

前言

当前世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，国际力量对比深刻调整，全球南方声势卓然壮大，在人类进步事业中发挥着越来越重要的作用。同时，世界经济增长动能不足，局部冲突和动荡频发，单边霸凌行径损害国际和平与安全，人类社会面临前所未有的挑战。

中国已经全面建成小康社会，实现第一个百年奋斗目标，正在以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业。中国坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，践行全人类共同价值，落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议、全球治理倡议，深入推进高质量共建“一带一路”，倡导平等有序的世界多极化、普惠包容的经济全球化，推动构建人类命运共同体。

作为发展中国家、全球南方的一员，中国始终同包括拉美和加勒比在内的全球南方同呼吸、共命运。近年来，中国国家主席习近平就加强中拉关系和各领域合作提出一系列重大倡议和举措，赋予中拉关系新的时代内涵。中国政府发布第三份《中国对拉丁美洲和加勒比政策文件》，旨在总结经验，展望未来，全面阐述中国对拉政策，推动中拉关系和各领域合作再上新台阶。

第一部分

拉丁美洲和加勒比——充满生机和希望的热土

拉美和加勒比地区是全球南方重要组成部分，是维护世界和平稳定、促进全球发展繁荣的重要力量。近年来，拉美和加勒比国家积极探索符合本国国情的发展道路、推进团结自强、参与全球治理，国际影响力不断提升。

拉美和加勒比作为一个整体，拥有独立自主、联合自强的光荣传统，发展前景良好，是世界多极化和经济全球化进程中一支必不可少的力量。

第二部分

蓬勃发展的中拉关系

中国同拉美和加勒比地区虽然相距遥远，但双方人民友好交往源远流长。1949年新中国成立伊始，中拉之间以民间交往为主。上世纪60年代后，随着新中国同一些拉美和加勒比国家建交，中拉交流合作渐趋紧密，支持彼此维护国家主权、独立和捍卫民族尊严。经过几代人的接续奋斗，中拉友好日益深入人心。

2008年中国政府发布首份对拉政策文件，提出建立平等互利、共同发展的中拉全面合作伙伴关系。2014年，中拉领导人在巴西利亚举行会晤，共同确立了上述关系定位。

2016年中国政府发布第二份对拉政策文件，提出中方致力于构建中拉关系“五位一体”新格局，推动中拉全面合作伙伴关系再上新台阶。

近年来，在元首外交战略引领下，中拉关系进入平等、互利、创新、开放、惠民的新阶段，树立起南南合作的典范。中拉已经成为携手共进的命运共同体，其鲜明底色是平等相待，强大动力是互利共赢，胸怀品格是开放包容，根本追求是造福人民，具有蓬勃生命力和广阔发展前景。

第三部分

携手推进共建中拉命运共同体“五大工程”

中方愿同拉方携手推进团结、发展、文明、和平、民心“五大工程”，共谋发展振兴，共同谱写构建中拉命运共同体新篇章。

一、团结工程

（一）高层交往

充分发挥元首外交的政治引领作用，保持中拉领导人互访和在国际多边场合的接触，加强治国理政和现代化经验交流互鉴，就双边关系和共同关心的重大问题加强沟通。

（二）相互支持彼此核心利益和重大关切

一个中国原则是中国同世界各国发展关系的重要政治基础和前提。中国政府赞赏绝大多数拉美和加勒比国家恪守一个中国原则，承认世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分，中华人民共和国政府是代表全中国的唯一合法政府，反对任何形式的“台湾独立”，支持中国政府维护国家主权和领土完整、实现国家统一。中方愿在一个中国原则基础上同拉美和加勒比国家建立和发展国家关系。

中方愿同拉美和加勒比建交国不断深化战略互信，在涉及国家主权、安全、领土完整等核心利益和重大关切问题上继续相互理解支持，继续支持彼此走符合本国国情的发展道路，反对霸权主义和强权政治。

（三）政府间对话与磋商机制

充分发挥双方高层协调与合作委员会、高级混委会、政府间常设委员会、战略对话、政治磋商、经贸混委会、高层工作组、自贸委员会、科技混委会等机制的作用，进一步完善中拉政府间对话与磋商机制，促进政府间对话与合作。

（四）立法机关交往

中国全国人民代表大会愿在相互尊重、加深了解、发展合作基础上，充分发挥高层交往和专门委员会、友好小组、办事机构等交往的作用，加强同拉美和加勒比各国议会以及区域、次区域议会组织之间多层次、多渠道友好往来。

（五）政党交往

中国共产党愿在独立自主、完全平等、互相尊重、互不干涉内部事务原则基础上，同拉美和加勒比各国政党和政治组织加强交流与合作，邀请拉美和加勒比国家共同体（以下简称拉共体）成员国政党干部来华考察访问，进一步增进了解和互信。

（六）落实全球治理倡议

中方愿同拉方一道，坚持共商共建共享的全球治理观，落实好全球治理倡议，坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，深化在联合国等国际机构和其他国际场合交流合作，提升全球南方代表性和发言权，推动构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系，携手迈向人类命运共同体。中方支持拉美和加勒比国家在国际事务中发挥更大作用。

（七）推动全球经济治理体系改革

加强中拉在二十国集团、亚太经合组织、金砖国家、国际货币基金组织、世界银行、国际清算银行、金融稳定理事会和巴塞尔银行监管委员会等国际经济金融组织和机制中的协调配合，加强在以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制框架下合作，积极落实世贸组织历届部长级会议成果，推动世贸组织必要改革，更好保障发展中成员的发展权益和发展空间。推动亚太区域经济一体化。呼吁国际社会继续推动全球经济治理改革，健全和完善全球经济金融规则，进一步推动国际货币基金组织份额和治理结构改革，增加新兴市场国家和发展中国家的代表性。坚定捍卫国际公平正义，维护多边贸易体制、反对单边霸凌行径，维护全球产业链供应链稳定、反对搞“脱钩断链”“另起炉灶”，维护开放合作的国际环境，推动经济全球化朝着正确方向发展。

（八）中拉整体合作

中方支持拉美和加勒比地区一体化进程，高度重视发展同拉共体关系，愿与拉方一道，坚持尊重、平等、多元、互利、合作、开放、包容和不设条件原则，积极推进中国－拉共体论坛框架下各领域合作。坚持行动导向，发挥好论坛部长级会议、中国－拉共体“四驾马车”外长对话、国家协调员会议等机制作用，用好论坛网络秘书处，举办好并持续丰富各领域分论坛活动，鼓励双方社会各界积极参与，不断完善中拉论坛机制建设，在条件成熟时举行由中国和拉共体成员国领导人共同出席的峰会。

中方欢迎拉美和加勒比有关地区组织和多边机构积极参与中拉整体合作，将根据拉美和加勒比地区最不发达国家、内陆发展中国家和小岛屿发展中国家的需求，在整体合作中予以必要照顾。

（九）三方合作

中拉关系不针对、不排斥，也不受制于任何第三方，既符合中拉双方的根本利益，也符合世界和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流。

中方愿在拉美和加勒比国家提出、同意和主导原则下同相关域外国家和国际组织，本着相互尊重原则，发挥互补优势，在拉美和加勒比国家开展三方发展合作。

中方鼓励中国企业与相关方基于商业原则在拉美和加勒比国家开展经济、社会、人文等领域的三方合作。

二、发展工程

（一）落实全球发展倡议

中方愿同拉美和加勒比国家深化全球发展倡议框架下合作，继续分享中国式现代化发展机遇，加快落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程，推动实现共同发展。

（二）高质量共建“一带一路”

中方欢迎更多拉美和加勒比国家加入高质量共建“一带一路”国际合作大家庭，愿同地区共建国秉持共商共建共享原则和开放、绿色、廉洁理念，加强发展战略对接，积极推进各领域合作，共同保障合作项目安全顺利推进，努力实现高标准、惠民生、可持续目标，携手实现和平发展、互利合作、共同繁荣的世界现代化，助力推动构建人类命运共同体。

（三）贸易和投资合作

深挖双边贸易潜力，促进中国与拉美和加勒比国家特色优势商品、高附加值产品和技术密集型产品等贸易，加强服务贸易和数字贸易合作。本着互惠互利原则，同拉美和加勒比国家探讨建立长期稳定的贸易关系，商讨包括自贸协定在内的各类贸易便利化安排。乐见双边贸易扩大，欢迎拉方参加中国国际进口博览会、中国进出口商品交易会、中国国际服务贸易交易会、中国国际消费品博览会、中国国际投资贸易洽谈会、中国国际供应链促进博览会、中国国际工业博览会、中国国际中小企业博览会、世界制造业大会等活动，鼓励并支持中国企业积极参加拉美和加勒比相关国际和地区展会。妥善处理贸易摩擦，促进中拉贸易健康平衡发展和结构多元化。

中方愿同拉美和加勒比国家一道，用好经贸合作机制，继续举办中拉产业投资合作论坛、中拉企业家高峰会、中拉投资与合作高级别论坛、中国－加勒比经贸合作论坛、中拉民营经济合作论坛或推介会等相关活动。为中拉企业在对方国家投资经营提供公平、开放、非歧视的营商环境。同拉方商签更多投资保护、避免双重征税等协定，为企业间投资合作创造良好环境和有利条件。

坚持企业主导、市场运作、义利并举、合作共赢原则，支持中国企业赴拉美和加勒比国家投资兴业，促进当地就业。推动中国优质产能和优势装备对接拉美和加勒比国家需求，帮助有需要的拉美和加勒比国家提高自主和可持续发展能力。

（四）金融合作

支持中国金融机构与拉美和加勒比国家、地区以及国际金融机构加强业务交流与合作，进一步优化在拉网点建设。加强中拉央行和金融监管部门间对话合作，扩大跨境本币结算、商讨人民币清算安排，稳步推进本币互换等货币合作。依照市场化、法治化原则探讨开展“熊猫债”合作。在双边金融合作基础上，充分发挥中拉合作基金、优惠性质贷款、基础设施专项贷款、中拉产能合作投资基金以及中国－加勒比相关融资安排作用，积极探索保险、金融租赁等合作形式，不断拓展同拉美和加勒比区域性金融机构合作，支持双方重点领域和重大项目合作。

（五）能源资源合作

中方愿本着合作共赢、可持续发展原则，扩大和深化中拉能源开发利用全产业链合作，进一步拓展石油、天然气等传统能源领域合作，加强水能、太阳能、风能、氢能等清洁能源合作，深化和平利用核能合作，加强矿产资源各环节绿色开发利用。中方愿同拉美和加勒比国家积极探讨建立能源资源产品长期供货、本币定价和结算等机制，减少外部经济金融风险影响。

（六）基础设施合作

加强双方在交通运输、商贸物流、仓储设施、信息通信技术、能源电力、水利工程、住房和城市建设等传统领域，以及可再生能源、智慧交通、数字基建、智慧城市等新兴领域技术咨询、建设施工、装备制造、运营管理合作。鼓励和支持有实力的中国企业、金融机构积极参与拉美和加勒比国家基础设施规划与建设，促进地区互联互通，持续赋能区域经济增长和可持续发展。继续举办中拉基础设施合作论坛。

（七）制造业合作

加强工业发展战略对接、工业政策交流，深化在原材料、消费品、装备制造、绿色低碳产业、产业链供应链、工业园区等领域合作，推动中拉产业智能化、数字化、绿色化发展，推动构建更加紧密的中拉产业链供应链伙伴关系，积极商签产业链供应链合作文件。继续举办中拉工业合作高级别研讨会。加强中小企业发展政策交流，引导中小企业发展，助力拉美和加勒比国家产业升级。

（八）农业合作

完善农业合作机制，鼓励双方企业积极开展农产品贸易，推动中拉进一步加强农业科技、人员培训等领域交流合作，深化在家畜家禽养殖、林业、渔业和水产养殖等领域合作，加强双方粮食安全公共政策和市场信息交流，鼓励同拉美和加勒比国家相关机构开展针对性粮食营养品质、产后减损技术等方面交流合作，共同促进粮食安全。完善并继续建设农业技术示范项目，推广现代农业技术开发和示范，提高双方农业技术创新、农业生产加工能力和国际竞争力。支持在生物育种等领域开展科研合作，支持中拉可持续粮食创新中心建设。欢迎拉美和加勒比国家农业企业参加中国国际农产品交易会、中国粮食交易大会等展会。继续举办中拉农业部长论坛。

（九）科技创新

加强政府间科技创新合作机制建设，继续办好中拉科技创新论坛。积极探讨扩大中拉在信息技术、人工智能、航空航天、新能源、新材料、生物医药、集成电路等高技术领域合作，深入实施“中拉科技伙伴计划”。增进科研人员交往，推动实施青年科学家交流计划。鼓励拉方科技人员积极参与“国际杰青计划”“发展中国家技术培训班”。支持拉美和加勒比国家青年科学家来华开展短期科研。探讨共建联合实验室、研发中心或高新科技园区，支持双方大学、创新型企业和研究机构开展交流合作，促进联合研发。支持中拉技术转移中心在促进科研能力提升和科技成果转化方面发挥作用，欢迎拉方依托该中心就适用技术推广、先进技术示范等开展务实合作。

支持中拉可持续粮食创新中心搭建中拉农业科技高水平合作平台，促进中拉双方农业科技进步，共同应对粮食安全等全球共同挑战，欢迎拉方以该中心为平台在生物育种等农业科技领域开展务实合作。

中方愿同拉方开展人工智能领域对话合作，共同落实好《全球人工智能治理倡议》《人工智能能力建设普惠计划》《人工智能全球治理行动计划》，协力推进全球人工智能发展与治理。

（十）航天合作

积极探讨中拉在通信和遥感卫星、卫星数据应用、航天基础设施、航天教育培训等领域合作，共同推进空间技术在防灾减灾、农林监测、气候变化等领域的应用，充分发挥空间技术对拉美和加勒比国家科技和工业发展的带动作用，促进科技、经济等领域持续发展。

欢迎拉美和加勒比国家使用北斗卫星导航系统，支持共同举办中拉北斗合作论坛，探讨共建中拉北斗应用合作发展中心，深化北斗应用领域合作。

欢迎拉美和加勒比国家积极参与中国载人航天工程和中国月球与深空探测任务，开展空间科学与应用以及国际月球科研站合作。继续举办中拉航天合作论坛。

（十一）海洋合作

深化中拉在海洋科学技术、海洋生态保护与修复、海洋观测预报与防灾减灾、蓝色经济、极地科考与后勤保障等领域务实合作，促进中拉海洋事业发展。深化中拉在国际及区域渔业治理、渔港物流服务、渔业科技、渔业资源养护、打击非法捕捞等方面的合作交流，共同促进双方渔业可持续发展。

合作建立中国南极科考后勤补给基地，邀请拉方科考人员乘坐中国科考船开展联合极地科考。

（十二）海关检验检疫

中方愿同拉美和加勒比国家加强双方海关检验检疫部门交流与合作，促进贸易安全与便利，保证产品质量和食品安全。中方欢迎更多拉美和加勒比国家加入“智慧海关”合作伙伴计划、“一带一路”海关食品安全合作机制，愿同拉美和加勒比国家谈签并共同推动海关行政互助、动植物产品检疫准入、“经认证的经营者”（AEO）互认、国际贸易“单一窗口”互联互通等合作文件。加强“智慧海关”建设和食品安全合作，积极开展海关执法、贸易便利化、能力建设、货物贸易统计、动植物检验检疫、食品安全、标准化领域合作和关际合作交流。

中方欢迎拉美和加勒比国家安全、优质的农食产品进入中国市场，愿建立完善沟通合作机制，继续加强同拉美和加勒比国家在农食产品进出口领域的合作，防范动植物疫情和外来物种跨境传播，促进农产品贸易发展。

（十三）贸易投资促进机构和商协会合作

中方将深化同拉美和加勒比国家贸易投资促进机构、商协会组织和工商企业界合作，利用有关双多边和整体合作机制性平台，推动中拉企业界交流，实现合作共赢。

（十四）环保、气候变化与减灾合作

坚持《联合国气候变化框架公约》（简称《框架公约》）进程在全球气候治理中的主渠道地位，全面善意有效落实《框架公约》及其《巴黎协定》的目标、原则和规则，特别是公平原则、共同但有区别的责任原则。进一步巩固和强化中拉在《框架公约》进程和其他相关机制下的合作，积极推动双方开展应对气候变化磋商、交流和相关项目合作，支持拉美和加勒比国家，特别是小岛屿国家应对气候变化。开展生物多样性保护合作，共同推动构建人与自然生命共同体。

深化灾害管理合作，积极发挥中拉灾害管理合作机制作用，在综合减灾、灾害监测预警、风险评估、灾害预防、应急准备、应急救援能力建设、灾后恢复和重建领域加强合作，共同提升灾害管理能力。

加强在数字城市、绿色城市、海绵城市等领域建设交流，就应对极端气候、加强气象预测等开展交流合作。

（十五）发展援助

在充分尊重拉美和加勒比国家意愿基础上，根据中国自身财力和经济社会发展状况，继续向拉美和加勒比国家提供不附加任何政治条件的发展援助，并根据拉美和加勒比国家需求，在力所能及条件下逐步增加援助规模，创新援助模式，重点用于人力资源开发、发展规划、经济政策咨询培训、基础设施建设、农业和粮食安全、减贫、气候变化以及人道主义援助等领域。

（十六）税收合作

中方愿同拉美和加勒比国家在“一带一路”税收征管合作机制框架下开展广泛深入合作，期待更多拉美和加勒比国家以成员身份加入合作机制，加强税收征管合作和能力建设等领域的沟通交流，推动构建增长友好型税收环境。

（十七）市场监管合作

中方愿同拉美和加勒比国家签署标准化合作文件，深化重点领域标准化合作交流，共同推动制定和应用国际标准。持续开展标准信息交换、比对和标准化能力提升。

三、文明工程

（一）落实全球文明倡议

中方愿同拉美和加勒比国家携手落实全球文明倡议，树立平等、互鉴、对话、包容的文明观，弘扬和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值。加强人文领域交流合作，厚植中拉友好事业的社会基础。落实联合国大会决议，共同在联合国等多边平台推动全球文明对话，促进世界和平与发展。

（二）深化中拉文明交流互鉴

举办中拉文明对话大会。加强文化遗产领域交流合作，开展古代文明研究，合作打击文化财产非法贩运，推动流失文物返还原属国。加强文化艺术交流，支持文化和艺术机构间开展机制化合作，推动高水平艺术团组和艺术家互访交流。支持互办文化节、嘉年华、文化巡回展等双多边活动。

欢迎拉美和加勒比国家以伙伴国身份加入中方发起成立的亚洲文化遗产保护联盟，开展古代文明研究、联合考古、古迹修复、博物馆交流等文化遗产各领域务实合作。加强在流失文物追索返还等领域合作。

（三）教育和人力资源培训

支持双方教育机构及企业开展师生交流、学术研讨、人才培养、联合科研等合作。加强人力资源开发、能力建设和各领域合作，继续向拉美和加勒比国家提供政府奖学金和来华培训名额。积极开展鲁班工坊等职业教育交流合作。

支持拉美和加勒比国家开展中文教育，支持双方机构共同办好孔子学院、孔子课堂，适时新设“中文工坊”、“中文+职业技能”发展中心、本土教师培养培训中心等。继续向拉美和加勒比国家提供国际中文教师奖学金和“汉语桥”夏（冬）令营来华团组名额，提供中文教材、教学读本。

中方重视同拉美和加勒比国家在数字化教育领域的合作，欢迎拉方加入世界数字教育联盟，愿通过政策对话和务实合作，与拉方分享中国教育数字化转型的经验与成果，携手推动构建更加公平、包容、可持续的全球数字教育生态。

（四）体育

深化体育交流与合作，鼓励双方体育组织加强联系，支持运动员、教练员和体育管理人员开展友好交流。在双方优势项目上交流经验，共同提高运动水平。

（五）新闻出版和广播影视交流合作

加强中拉新闻出版和广播影视对话与合作，鼓励商签广播影视双边协议。鼓励开展节目交流与联合制作、互相参加新闻出版广播影视节（展）、加强人员交流、开展媒体技术和产业合作。支持双方媒体开展内容共建，加强双方通讯社新闻交换与合作。为双方互派常驻记者提供便利，开展联合采访、互换新闻和人员培训。邀请更多拉美和加勒比国家记者来华中短期访问，提供学者、媒体、自媒体来华培训名额。加强广电视听交流合作，支持举办“中拉情缘”中国影视节目展播。支持优秀电视剧或优秀视听节目互译工作。鼓励双方有实力、有影响的网络媒体在门户网站开发、新媒体能力建设等方面加强合作。鼓励双方出版界开展合作，支持开展经典著作互译。

（六）学术和智库交流

积极支持中拉学术研究机构和智库开展课题研究、学术交流、研讨会、著作出版等多种形式的交流合作。鼓励双方高校开展合作研究。中方愿继续办好中拉智库论坛、中国－拉共体高级别学术论坛、中拉高层学术论坛及中拉发展论坛，支持建设中国－拉美和加勒比发展知识网络。

四、和平工程

（一）落实全球安全倡议

中方愿同拉美和加勒比国家秉持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，统筹发展和安全，携手落实全球安全倡议，开展和平安全领域交流合作，共促地区及世界和平稳定。

中方支持《宣布拉美和加勒比为和平区的公告》和《拉美和加勒比33国关于建立无核区的声明》，主张和平解决国际争端和热点问题，反对动辄诉诸武力或以武力相威胁。

中方愿同拉美和加勒比国家共同维护《禁止生物武器公约》《禁止化学武器公约》等国际法权威，加强协调合作。

（二）军事交流合作

积极开展同拉美和加勒比国家军事交流与合作，扩大双方防务和军队领导人友好交往，加强政策对话并建立工作会晤机制，开展团组、舰艇互访，深化军事训练、人员培训、联合国维和等领域专业交流，拓展人道主义救援、反恐等非传统安全领域务实合作，加强军贸和军工技术合作。继续在自愿参与的基础上举办中国－拉丁美洲高级防务论坛。欢迎拉美和加勒比国家来华出席北京香山论坛。

（三）执法司法合作

积极推动中拉执法司法主管部门的交流与合作。加快商签引渡条约、刑事和民商事司法协助条约及其他执法司法合作协议。加强和拓展双方在引渡、遣返犯罪嫌疑人和被判刑人移管以及犯罪资产查封、扣押、没收、返还等领域合作，协调双方在国际多边执法合作领域的立场，共同打击跨国犯罪以及恐怖主义等非传统安全威胁。深化禁毒执法合作，共同打击毒品走私。欢迎拉美和加勒比国家来华出席全球公共安全合作论坛（连云港）。

（四）反腐败追逃追赃合作

根据各自国内法律及《联合国反腐败公约》，扩大反腐败、反洗钱和打击非法资金流动领域合作，有力开展追逃追赃务实合作。加强“一带一路”廉洁建设经验交流与务实合作，推广《廉洁丝绸之路北京倡议》。继续举办“一带一路”合作伙伴反腐败研修班，并为拉美和加勒比国家提供培训名额。探讨适时继续举办中加（勒比）反腐败执法合作会议。在金融行动特别工作组（FATF）框架下开展反洗钱多边合作，同时通过签署合作备忘录等形式开展反洗钱双边合作。

（五）网络安全

中国政府愿同拉美和加勒比国家一道，本着和平、主权、共治、普惠原则，以《全球数据安全倡议》为基础，合作构建和平、开放、安全、合作、有序的网络空间，建立多边、民主、透明的互联网治理体系，推动在联合国框架下制定各方普遍接受的网络空间国际行为准则，推动《联合国打击网络犯罪公约》尽早生效，积极构建网络空间命运共同体。反对网络霸权，反对利用网络干涉他国内政，危害他国政治、经济和社会稳定。继续举办中拉互联网发展与合作论坛。

（六）防扩散出口管制

中国政府愿同拉美和加勒比国家一道，坚定维护联合国在防止大规模杀伤性武器扩散治理中的主平台作用，推动构建公正、合理、非歧视的防扩散出口管制秩序。加强交流合作，推动联合国安理会第1540号决议得到全面、平衡、可持续执行。统筹发展和安全，维护发展中国家和平利用科技的合法权利。

五、民心工程

（一）社会治理与社会发展

中方愿同拉美和加勒比国家就加强和创新社会治理开展交流合作，分享、借鉴治理经验，共同推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，不断提升社会治理的社会化、法治化、智能化、专业化水平，维护社会安定有序和国家长治久安。

进一步推进中拉在社会福利、社会救助等社会发展领域交流与合作，加强政策分享，推动和实现双方在为老年人、残疾人、儿童等特殊群体和城乡困难群体提供服务和救助等领域务实合作。

（二）减贫合作

推动中拉在乡村振兴、减少贫困、消除饥饿、缩小贫富差距等领域开展对话和交流，分享贫困识别等方面信息，共享精准扶贫经验。开展技术合作，加强减贫能力建设，促进双方制定有利于贫困人口和弱势群体的经济和社会政策。鼓励和支持双方相关部门间交流合作，继续举办好中拉减贫和发展论坛。深化民生领域发展合作，继续为拉美和加勒比国家开展“小而美”惠民生项目。

（三）卫生合作

中方将继续帮助拉美和加勒比国家培训医疗人员、改善医疗设施，向拉美和加勒比国家派遣医疗队，积极开展义诊项目。加强中拉传统医药合作，开展药品监管交流。加强公共卫生政策对话，深化卫生领域合作，加强国境卫生检疫合作交流，支持各层级医疗卫生机构开展合作，支持在疾病防控、传染病防治等方面开展最佳实践经验分享。

（四）领事合作

加强和扩大中拉领事部门交流合作，用好领事磋商机制，切实维护中拉在对方国家公民和机构的安全与合法权益。中方坚持高水平对外开放，将不断提升中拉人员往来便利化水平。

（五）旅游合作

举办“中国－拉美和加勒比国家旅游对话”。鼓励中拉旅游机构和企业相互推介旅游资源和产品，扩大旅游合作，共同支持旅行商赴对方国家踩线考察、参加旅游展会等。探讨出台更多促进双向旅游的便利化政策，支持并鼓励双方航空公司开展代码共享等各种形式的商务合作，根据市场需求开通中拉间航线航班。加强双方消费者保护部门间对话与合作，重点保护国际旅客的消费者权利。

（六）民间和地方交往

鼓励中拉民间交往，支持社会组织开展形式多样的友好交流和公益活动。推动双方政府青年机构和青年组织交往，继续举办“中拉青春汇”、中拉青年领导人研修交流营、中拉青年发展论坛、拉美和加勒比外交官参访团等项目。深化双方妇女组织间友好合作，共同促进性别平等和妇女赋权。鼓励双方社会力量在基层社区防灾减灾、健康促进、生计发展等领域开展合作，提升当地社区抵御灾害和综合发展的能力。

继续举办中拉民间友好论坛、中拉地方政府合作论坛，鼓励缔结更多友好城市、省州。推动设立由中国、拉美和加勒比各国政府牵头并支持的中拉地方政府对话机制，委托中国人民对外友好协会和拉方有政府背景的相关机构共同举办，助力中拉地方政府交流合作迈上新台阶。

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China
China's Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean

2025-12-10 11:41

Foreword

The world is currently undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, with a significant shift in the balance of international power. The Global South is growing stronger and playing an increasingly important role in the cause of human progress. At the same time, the world economy lacks sufficient growth momentum, local conflicts and turmoil are frequent, unilateral bullying acts undermine international peace and security, and human society faces unprecedented challenges.

China has comprehensively built a moderately prosperous society, achieving its first centenary goal, and is now comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization. China firmly pursues an independent foreign policy of peace, practices the common values ​​of all humanity, implements the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative, deeply promotes high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, advocates for an equal and orderly multipolar world and inclusive economic globalization, and promotes the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

As a developing country and a member of the Global South, China has always shared the same destiny with the Global South, including Latin America and the Caribbean. In recent years, Chinese President Xi Jinping has put forward a series of major initiatives and measures to strengthen China-Latin America relations and cooperation in various fields, giving new contemporary significance to China-Latin America relations. The Chinese government is releasing its third "China's Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean," aiming to summarize experiences, look to the future, comprehensively elaborate on China's policy towards Latin America, and promote China-Latin America relations and cooperation in various fields to a new level.

Part One

Latin America and the Caribbean – A Vibrant and Promising Land

The Latin American and Caribbean region is an important part of the Global South and a crucial force in maintaining world peace and stability and promoting global development and prosperity. In recent years, Latin American and Caribbean countries have actively explored development paths that suit their national conditions, promoted unity and self-reliance, and participated in global governance, continuously enhancing their international influence.

Latin America and the Caribbean, as a whole, possesses a glorious tradition of independence and self-reliance, has bright development prospects, and is an indispensable force in the process of world multipolarity and economic globalization.

Part Two

The Thriving China-Latin America Relationship

Although China and the Latin American and Caribbean region are geographically distant, the friendly exchanges between their peoples have a long history. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, exchanges between China and Latin America were primarily at the non-governmental level. After the 1960s, with the establishment of diplomatic relations between the new China and some Latin American and Caribbean countries, exchanges and cooperation between China and Latin America gradually became closer, with both sides supporting each other in safeguarding national sovereignty, independence, and national dignity. Through the continuous efforts of several generations, China-Latin America friendship has become increasingly deeply rooted in people's hearts.

In 2008, the Chinese government issued its first policy document on Latin America, proposing the establishment of a comprehensive partnership between China and Latin America based on equality, mutual benefit, and common development. In 2014, Chinese and Latin American leaders met in Brasilia and jointly affirmed this relationship.

In 2016, the Chinese government issued its second policy document on Latin America, proposing that China is committed to building a new "five-pronged" framework for China-Latin America relations, pushing the comprehensive partnership to a new level.

In recent years, under the strategic guidance of head-of-state diplomacy, China-Latin America relations have entered a new stage of equality, mutual benefit, innovation, openness, and people-centered development, setting a model for South-South cooperation. China and Latin America have become a community of shared future, characterized by equal treatment, driven by mutual benefit and win-win cooperation, embracing openness and inclusiveness, and fundamentally pursuing the well-being of the people.  It possesses vigorous vitality and broad development prospects.

Part Three

Jointly Promoting the "Five Major Projects" for Building a China-Latin America Community of Shared Future

China is willing to work with Latin America to jointly promote five major projects: unity, development, civilization, peace, and people-to-people exchanges, to jointly seek development and revitalization, and to jointly write a new chapter in building a China-Latin America community of shared future.

I. Unity Project

(I) High-Level Exchanges

Give full play to the political guiding role of head-of-state diplomacy, maintain mutual visits between Chinese and Latin American leaders and their contacts in international multilateral forums, strengthen exchanges and mutual learning on governance and modernization experiences, and strengthen communication on bilateral relations and major issues of common concern.

(II) Mutual Support for Each Other's Core Interests and Major Concerns

The one-China principle is an important political foundation and prerequisite for China to develop relations with all countries in the world. The Chinese government appreciates that the vast majority of Latin American and Caribbean countries adhere to the one-China principle, recognizing that there is only one China in the world, that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China's territory, and that the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government representing all of China.  They oppose any form of "Taiwan independence" and support the Chinese government in safeguarding national sovereignty and territorial integrity and achieving national reunification. China is willing to establish and develop state relations with Latin American and Caribbean countries on the basis of the one-China principle.

China is willing to continuously deepen strategic mutual trust with Latin American and Caribbean countries with which it has diplomatic relations, and continue to understand and support each other on issues involving core interests and major concerns such as national sovereignty, security, and territorial integrity.  China will continue to support each other in pursuing development paths that suit their respective national conditions and oppose hegemonism and power politics.

(III) Intergovernmental Dialogue and Consultation Mechanisms

The two sides will fully utilize the roles of mechanisms such as the High-Level Coordination and Cooperation Committee, the Senior Mixed Committee, the Intergovernmental Standing Committee, strategic dialogues, political consultations, economic and trade mixed committees, high-level working groups, free trade committees, and science and technology mixed committees to further improve intergovernmental dialogue and consultation mechanisms between China and Latin America, and promote intergovernmental dialogue and cooperation.

(IV) Legislative Exchanges

The National People's Congress of China is willing to strengthen multi-level and multi-channel friendly exchanges with the parliaments of Latin American and Caribbean countries and regional and sub-regional parliamentary organizations on the basis of mutual respect, deepened understanding, and developed cooperation, fully utilizing the roles of high-level exchanges and exchanges between specialized committees, friendship groups, and liaison offices.

(V) Party-to-Party Exchanges

The Communist Party of China is willing to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with political parties and organizations in Latin American and Caribbean countries on the principles of independence, complete equality, mutual respect, and non-interference in internal affairs.  It will invite party officials from member states of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) to visit China for study and exchange, further enhancing understanding and mutual trust.

(VI) Implementation of Global Governance Initiatives

China is willing to work with Latin American countries to uphold the global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, implement global governance initiatives, firmly safeguard the international system with the United Nations at its core, deepen exchanges and cooperation in the United Nations and other international institutions and forums, enhance the representation and voice of the Global South, promote the building of a more just and equitable global governance system, and jointly move towards a community with a shared future for mankind. China supports Latin American and Caribbean countries in playing a greater role in international affairs. (VII) Promoting the Reform of the Global Economic Governance System

Strengthen coordination and cooperation between China and Latin America within international economic and financial organizations and mechanisms such as the G20, APEC, BRICS, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Bank for International Settlements, the Financial Stability Board, and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Strengthen cooperation within the framework of the multilateral trading system centered on the World Trade Organization, actively implement the outcomes of previous WTO ministerial conferences, promote necessary reforms of the WTO, and better safeguard the development rights and development space of developing members. Promote Asia-Pacific regional economic integration. Call on the international community to continue to promote reforms of global economic governance, improve and perfect global economic and financial rules, further promote reforms of the IMF's quota and governance structure, and increase the representation of emerging market countries and developing countries. Firmly defend international fairness and justice, uphold the multilateral trading system, oppose unilateral bullying, maintain the stability of global industrial and supply chains, oppose "decoupling" and "starting anew," maintain an open and cooperative international environment, and promote economic globalization in the right direction.

(VIII) Overall China-Latin America Cooperation

China supports the integration process of Latin America and the Caribbean, attaches great importance to developing relations with the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), and is willing to work with Latin American countries to adhere to the principles of respect, equality, diversity, mutual benefit, cooperation, openness, inclusiveness, and unconditional cooperation, and actively promote cooperation in various fields under the framework of the China-CELAC Forum. Adhere to an action-oriented approach, make good use of mechanisms such as the Forum's ministerial meetings, the China-CELAC "Troika" Foreign Ministers' Dialogue, and the National Coordinators' meetings, utilize the Forum's online secretariat, successfully hold and continuously enrich various sub-forum activities, encourage active participation from all sectors of society on both sides, continuously improve the China-Latin America Forum mechanism, and hold a summit attended by leaders from China and CELAC member states when conditions are ripe.

China welcomes the active participation of relevant regional organizations and multilateral institutions in Latin America and the Caribbean in overall China-Latin America cooperation, and will provide necessary consideration to the needs of least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing states in Latin America and the Caribbean in overall cooperation.

(IX) Trilateral Cooperation

China-Latin America relations are not directed against, exclusive of, or subject to any third party. This is consistent with the fundamental interests of both China and Latin America, and also conforms to the trend of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win outcomes in the world today. China is willing to conduct trilateral development cooperation in Latin American and Caribbean countries with relevant countries outside the region and international organizations, based on the principles of mutual respect, complementary advantages, and the premise that such cooperation is proposed, agreed upon, and led by Latin American and Caribbean countries.

China encourages Chinese enterprises to conduct trilateral cooperation in economic, social, and cultural fields in Latin American and Caribbean countries with relevant parties based on commercial principles.

II. Development Projects

(I) Implementing the Global Development Initiative

China is willing to deepen cooperation with Latin American and Caribbean countries under the framework of the Global Development Initiative, continue to share the development opportunities of Chinese modernization, accelerate the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and promote common development.

(II) High-Quality Joint Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative

China welcomes more Latin American and Caribbean countries to join the international cooperation family of high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative.  China is willing to work with participating countries in the region, upholding the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, and the concepts of openness, green development, and integrity, to strengthen the alignment of development strategies, actively promote cooperation in various fields, jointly ensure the safe and smooth progress of cooperation projects, and strive to achieve high standards, benefit people's livelihoods, and sustainable development goals, working together to achieve a world modernization of peaceful development, mutually beneficial cooperation, and common prosperity, and contributing to the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

(III) Trade and Investment Cooperation

Deepen the potential of bilateral trade, promote trade in distinctive and advantageous commodities, high value-added products, and technology-intensive products between China and Latin American and Caribbean countries, and strengthen cooperation in service trade and digital trade. Based on the principle of mutual benefit, explore with Latin American and Caribbean countries the establishment of long-term and stable trade relations and discuss various trade facilitation arrangements, including free trade agreements. China welcomes the expansion of bilateral trade and welcomes Latin American and Caribbean countries to participate in the China International Import Expo, the China Import and Export Fair, the China International Fair for Trade in Services, the China International Consumer Products Expo, the China International Investment and Trade Fair, the China International Supply Chain Expo, the China International Industry Fair, the China International Small and Medium Enterprises Fair, the World Manufacturing Convention, and other events. China encourages and supports Chinese enterprises to actively participate in relevant international and regional exhibitions in Latin America and the Caribbean. Properly handle trade frictions and promote the healthy, balanced, and diversified development of China-Latin America trade. China is willing to work with Latin American and Caribbean countries to make good use of economic and trade cooperation mechanisms, and continue to hold relevant activities such as the China-Latin America Industrial Investment Cooperation Forum, the China-Latin America Business Summit, the China-Latin America High-Level Forum on Investment and Cooperation, the China-Caribbean Economic and Trade Cooperation Forum, and the China-Latin America Private Sector Cooperation Forum or promotional events. We will provide a fair, open, and non-discriminatory business environment for Chinese and Latin American enterprises investing and operating in each other's countries. We will negotiate and sign more investment protection and double taxation avoidance agreements with Latin American countries to create a favorable environment and conditions for investment cooperation between enterprises.

Adhering to the principles of enterprise-led, market-oriented operation, balancing benefits and responsibilities, and win-win cooperation, we support Chinese enterprises in investing and developing businesses in Latin American and Caribbean countries, promoting local employment. We will promote the alignment of China's high-quality production capacity and advanced equipment with the needs of Latin American and Caribbean countries, and help Latin American and Caribbean countries in need to improve their independent and sustainable development capabilities.

(IV) Financial Cooperation

We support Chinese financial institutions in strengthening business exchanges and cooperation with Latin American and Caribbean countries, regions, and international financial institutions, and further optimizing their network of branches in the region. We will strengthen dialogue and cooperation between Chinese and Latin American central banks and financial regulatory departments, expand cross-border local currency settlement, discuss RMB clearing arrangements, and steadily advance currency cooperation such as currency swaps. We will explore "Panda bond" cooperation in accordance with market-oriented and rule-of-law principles. Based on bilateral financial cooperation, we will give full play to the role of the China-Latin America Cooperation Fund, preferential loans, special infrastructure loans, the China-Latin America Production Capacity Cooperation Fund, and relevant China-Caribbean financing arrangements, actively explore cooperation forms such as insurance and financial leasing, and continuously expand cooperation with regional financial institutions in Latin America and the Caribbean to support cooperation in key areas and major projects of both sides.

(V) Energy and Resource Cooperation

China is willing to expand and deepen cooperation in the entire energy development and utilization chain with Latin American and Caribbean countries based on the principles of win-win cooperation and sustainable development. We will further expand cooperation in traditional energy fields such as oil and natural gas, strengthen cooperation in clean energy such as hydropower, solar energy, wind energy, and hydrogen energy, deepen cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and strengthen the green development and utilization of mineral resources at all stages. China is willing to actively explore with Latin American and Caribbean countries the establishment of mechanisms for long-term supply of energy and resource products, local currency pricing and settlement, to reduce the impact of external economic and financial risks. (VI) Infrastructure Cooperation

Strengthen bilateral cooperation in traditional areas such as transportation, trade and logistics, warehousing facilities, information and communication technology, energy and power, water conservancy projects, housing and urban construction, as well as in emerging fields such as renewable energy, smart transportation, digital infrastructure, and smart cities, including technical consulting, construction, equipment manufacturing, and operation and management. Encourage and support capable Chinese enterprises and financial institutions to actively participate in infrastructure planning and construction in Latin American and Caribbean countries, promote regional connectivity, and continuously empower regional economic growth and sustainable development. Continue to hold the China-Latin America Infrastructure Cooperation Forum.

(VII) Manufacturing Cooperation

Strengthen the alignment of industrial development strategies and industrial policy exchanges, deepen cooperation in raw materials, consumer goods, equipment manufacturing, green and low-carbon industries, industrial chains and supply chains, and industrial parks, promote the intelligent, digital, and green development of industries in China and Latin America, and promote the building of a closer China-Latin America industrial chain and supply chain partnership. Actively negotiate and sign cooperation documents on industrial chains and supply chains. Continue to hold the China-Latin America High-Level Seminar on Industrial Cooperation. Strengthen exchanges on policies for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, guide the development of SMEs, and assist Latin American and Caribbean countries in industrial upgrading.

(VIII) Agricultural Cooperation

Improve agricultural cooperation mechanisms, encourage enterprises from both sides to actively engage in agricultural product trade, promote further exchanges and cooperation between China and Latin America in agricultural science and technology and personnel training, deepen cooperation in livestock and poultry breeding, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, strengthen exchanges on public policies and market information on food security, and encourage exchanges and cooperation with relevant institutions in Latin American and Caribbean countries on targeted food nutrition quality and post-harvest loss reduction technologies to jointly promote food security. Improve and continue to build agricultural technology demonstration projects, promote the development and demonstration of modern agricultural technologies, and improve the agricultural technology innovation, agricultural production and processing capabilities, and international competitiveness of both sides. Support scientific research cooperation in areas such as bio-breeding, and support the construction of the China-Latin America Sustainable Food Innovation Center. Welcome agricultural enterprises from Latin American and Caribbean countries to participate in exhibitions such as the China International Agricultural Products Fair and the China Grain Trade Conference. Continue to hold the China-Latin America Agricultural Ministers' Forum.

(IX) Scientific and Technological Innovation

Strengthen intergovernmental mechanisms for scientific and technological innovation cooperation, and continue to successfully hold the China-Latin America Science and Technology Innovation Forum. Actively explore expanding cooperation between China and Latin America in high-tech fields such as information technology, artificial intelligence, aerospace, new energy, new materials, biomedicine, and integrated circuits, and deeply implement the "China-Latin America Science and Technology Partnership Program Exchange."  We will enhance exchanges among researchers and promote the implementation of the Young Scientists Exchange Program. We encourage Latin American scientists to actively participate in the "International Young Scientists Program" and "Training Courses for Developing Countries." We support young scientists from Latin American and Caribbean countries to conduct short-term research in China. We will explore the joint establishment of joint laboratories, R&D centers, or high-tech parks, and support exchanges and cooperation between universities, innovative enterprises, and research institutions from both sides to promote joint research and development. We support the role of the China-Latin America Technology Transfer Center in promoting research capacity building and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and welcome Latin American countries to conduct practical cooperation through this center in areas such as the promotion of applicable technologies and the demonstration of advanced technologies.

We support the China-Latin America Sustainable Food Innovation Center in building a high-level cooperation platform for agricultural science and technology between China and Latin America, promoting agricultural science and technology progress on both sides, and jointly addressing global challenges such as food security. We welcome Latin American countries to conduct practical cooperation in agricultural science and technology fields such as bio-breeding using this center as a platform.

China is willing to conduct dialogue and cooperation with Latin American countries in the field of artificial intelligence, and jointly implement the "Global Artificial Intelligence Governance Initiative," the "Artificial Intelligence Capacity Building Inclusive Plan," and the "Global Artificial Intelligence Governance Action Plan," working together to promote the development and governance of global artificial intelligence.

(X) Space Cooperation

We will actively explore cooperation between China and Latin America in areas such as communication and remote sensing satellites, satellite data applications, space infrastructure, and space education and training, and jointly promote the application of space technology in disaster prevention and mitigation, agricultural and forestry monitoring, and climate change. We will give full play to the driving role of space technology in the scientific and technological and industrial development of Latin American and Caribbean countries, and promote the sustainable development of science, technology, and economy.

We welcome Latin American and Caribbean countries to use the Beidou Satellite Navigation System, support the joint holding of the China-Latin America Beidou Cooperation Forum, explore the joint establishment of a China-Latin America Beidou Application Cooperation and Development Center, and deepen cooperation in the field of Beidou applications.

We welcome Latin American and Caribbean countries to actively participate in China's manned space program and China's lunar and deep space exploration missions, and to conduct cooperation in space science and applications and the International Lunar Research Station. The China-Latin America Space Cooperation Forum will continue to be held.

(XI) Maritime Cooperation

Deepen practical cooperation between China and Latin America in the fields of marine science and technology, marine ecological protection and restoration, marine observation and forecasting, disaster prevention and mitigation, blue economy, polar scientific research and logistical support, and promote the development of maritime undertakings in China and Latin America. Deepen cooperation and exchanges between China and Latin America in international and regional fisheries governance, fishing port logistics services, fisheries technology, fisheries resource conservation, and combating illegal fishing, and jointly promote the sustainable development of fisheries in both sides.

Cooperate in establishing a Chinese Antarctic scientific research logistics supply base, and invite Latin American scientific researchers to conduct joint polar scientific research on Chinese research vessels.

(XII) Customs Inspection and Quarantine

China is willing to strengthen exchanges and cooperation between its customs inspection and quarantine departments and those of Latin American and Caribbean countries to promote trade security and facilitation, and ensure product quality and food safety. China welcomes more Latin American and Caribbean countries to join the "Smart Customs" partnership program and the "Belt and Road" customs food safety cooperation mechanism, and is willing to negotiate and jointly promote cooperation documents with Latin American and Caribbean countries on customs administrative mutual assistance, quarantine access for animal and plant products, mutual recognition of "Authorized Economic Operators" (AEO), and interconnection of international trade "single window" systems. Strengthen the construction of "smart customs" and food safety cooperation, and actively carry out cooperation and inter-customs exchanges in customs enforcement, trade facilitation, capacity building, goods trade statistics, animal and plant inspection and quarantine, food safety, and standardization.

China welcomes safe and high-quality agricultural and food products from Latin American and Caribbean countries to enter the Chinese market, and is willing to establish and improve communication and cooperation mechanisms, and continue to strengthen cooperation with Latin American and Caribbean countries in the import and export of agricultural and food products, prevent the cross-border spread of animal and plant diseases and invasive species, and promote the development of agricultural trade.

(XIII) Cooperation between Trade and Investment Promotion Agencies and Business Associations

China will deepen cooperation with trade and investment promotion agencies, business associations, and business communities in Latin American and Caribbean countries, utilizing relevant bilateral, multilateral, and overall cooperation mechanisms... platform to promote exchanges between Chinese and Latin American businesses and achieve win-win cooperation.

(XIV) Environmental Protection, Climate Change, and Disaster Reduction Cooperation

We uphold the central role of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process in global climate governance, and fully, in good faith, and effectively implement the goals, principles, and rules of the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement, especially the principle of equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. We will further consolidate and strengthen China-Latin America cooperation under the UNFCCC process and other relevant mechanisms, actively promote bilateral consultations, exchanges, and cooperation on climate change, and support Latin American and Caribbean countries, especially small island developing states, in addressing climate change. We will carry out cooperation on biodiversity conservation and jointly promote the building of a community of life for humanity and nature.

We will deepen cooperation in disaster management, actively leverage the role of the China-Latin America disaster management cooperation mechanism, and strengthen cooperation in comprehensive disaster reduction, disaster monitoring and early warning, risk assessment, disaster prevention, emergency preparedness, emergency rescue capacity building, and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, to jointly improve disaster management capabilities.

We will strengthen exchanges on the construction of digital cities, green cities, and sponge cities, and conduct exchanges and cooperation on responding to extreme weather and strengthening meteorological forecasting.

(XV) Development Assistance

Based on full respect for the wishes of Latin American and Caribbean countries, and in accordance with China's own financial resources and socio-economic development conditions, China will continue to provide development assistance to Latin American and Caribbean countries without any political conditions attached.  Based on the needs of Latin American and Caribbean countries, and within our capabilities, we will gradually increase the scale of assistance, innovate assistance models, and focus on areas such as human resource development, development planning, economic policy consulting and training, infrastructure construction, agriculture and food security, poverty reduction, climate change, and humanitarian assistance.

(XVI) Taxation Cooperation

China is willing to conduct extensive and in-depth cooperation with Latin American and Caribbean countries within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative tax administration cooperation mechanism, and looks forward to more Latin American and Caribbean countries joining as members. Participate in cooperation mechanisms, strengthen communication and exchanges in areas such as tax administration cooperation and capacity building, and promote the creation of a growth-friendly tax environment.

(Seventeen) Market Regulation Cooperation

China is willing to sign standardization cooperation documents with Latin American and Caribbean countries, deepen standardization cooperation and exchanges in key areas, and jointly promote the development and application of international standards. Continue to carry out standard information exchange, comparison, and standardization capacity building.

III. Civilization Projects

(I) Implementing the Global Civilization Initiative

China is willing to work with Latin American and Caribbean countries to implement the Global Civilization Initiative, establish a civilization view of equality, mutual learning, dialogue, and inclusiveness, and promote the common values ​​of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom for all humankind. Strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the humanities field, and cultivate the social foundation of China-Latin America friendship. Implement United Nations General Assembly resolutions and jointly promote global civilization dialogue on multilateral platforms such as the United Nations to promote world peace and development.

(II) Deepening China-Latin America Civilization Exchange and Mutual Learning

Hold a China-Latin America Civilization Dialogue Conference. Strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the field of cultural heritage, conduct research on ancient civilizations, cooperate in combating the illegal trafficking of cultural property, and promote the return of looted cultural relics to their countries of origin. Strengthen cultural and artistic exchanges, support institutionalized cooperation between cultural and artistic institutions, and promote mutual visits and exchanges of high-level art troupes and artists. Support the holding of bilateral and multilateral activities such as cultural festivals, carnivals, and cultural touring exhibitions.

Welcome Latin American and Caribbean countries to join the Asian Cultural Heritage Protection Alliance initiated by China as partner countries, and carry out practical cooperation in various fields of cultural heritage, including ancient civilization research, joint archaeology, monument restoration, and museum exchanges. Strengthen cooperation in areas such as the recovery and return of looted cultural relics.

(III) Education and Human Resource Training

Support cooperation between educational institutions and enterprises from both sides in areas such as student and teacher exchanges, academic seminars, talent training, and joint research. Strengthen human resource development, capacity building, and cooperation in various fields, and continue to provide government scholarships and training opportunities in China to Latin American and Caribbean countries. Actively carry out... Luban Workshops and other vocational education exchanges and cooperation.

Support Latin American and Caribbean countries in developing Chinese language education, and support joint efforts by institutions from both sides to successfully run Confucius Institutes and Confucius Classrooms.  Establish "Chinese Language Workshops," "Chinese Language + Vocational Skills" development centers, and local teacher training centers as appropriate. Continue to provide Latin American and Caribbean countries with international Chinese language teacher scholarships and "Chinese Bridge" summer (winter) camp quotas for delegations to China, and provide Chinese language textbooks and teaching materials.

China attaches importance to cooperation with Latin American and Caribbean countries in the field of digital education, and welcomes Latin American countries to join the World Digital Education Alliance. China is willing to share its experience and achievements in China's digital transformation of education through policy dialogue and practical cooperation, and work together to build a more equitable, inclusive, and sustainable global digital education ecosystem.

(IV) Sports

Deepen sports exchanges and cooperation, encourage sports organizations from both sides to strengthen ties, and support friendly exchanges among athletes, coaches, and sports administrators. Exchange experiences in areas where both sides have strengths to jointly improve athletic performance.

(V) News, Publishing, and Broadcasting and Television Exchanges and Cooperation

Strengthen dialogue and cooperation in news, publishing, and broadcasting and television between China and Latin America, and encourage the signing of bilateral agreements on broadcasting and television. Encourage program exchanges and joint productions, mutual participation in news, publishing, broadcasting, and television festivals (exhibitions), strengthened personnel exchanges, and cooperation in media technology and industry. Support content co-creation between media outlets from both sides, and strengthen news exchange and cooperation between news agencies. Provide convenience for the mutual dispatch of resident journalists, and conduct joint interviews, news exchanges, and personnel training. Invite more journalists from Latin American and Caribbean countries to visit China for short- and medium-term visits, and provide training opportunities for scholars, media professionals, and social media influencers in China. Strengthen broadcasting and audiovisual exchanges and cooperation, and support the holding of "China-Latin America Friendship" Chinese film and television program screenings. Support the mutual translation of excellent TV series or excellent audiovisual programs. Encourage powerful and influential online media from both sides to strengthen cooperation in portal website development and new media capacity building. Encourage cooperation between the publishing industries of both sides. Support the translation of classic works between the two sides.

(F) Academic and Think Tank Exchanges

Actively support Chinese and Latin American academic research institutions and think tanks in conducting various forms of exchange and cooperation, including research projects, academic exchanges, seminars, and publications. Encourage cooperation between universities on both sides in conducting research. China is willing to continue to successfully host the China-Latin America Think Tank Forum, the China-CELAC High-Level Academic Forum, the China-Latin America High-Level Academic Forum, and the China-Latin America Development Forum, and support the construction of the China-Latin America and Caribbean Development Knowledge Network.

IV. Peace Initiatives

(A) Implementing the Global Security Initiative

China is willing to work with Latin American and Caribbean countries to uphold a common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security concept, coordinate development and security, and jointly implement the Global Security Initiative, carry out exchanges and cooperation in the field of peace and security, and jointly promote regional and world peace and stability.

China supports the "Declaration of Latin America and the Caribbean as a Zone of Peace" and the "Statement of the 33 Latin American and Caribbean Countries on the Establishment of a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone," advocates for the peaceful settlement of international disputes and hot-spot issues, and opposes the use of force or the threat of force.

China is willing to work with Latin American and Caribbean countries to jointly safeguard the authority of international law, including the Biological Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention, and strengthen coordination and cooperation.

(B) Military Exchanges and Cooperation

Actively carry out military exchanges and cooperation with Latin American and Caribbean countries, expand friendly exchanges between defense and military leaders of both sides, strengthen policy dialogue and establish working meeting mechanisms, conduct mutual visits of delegations and naval vessels, deepen professional exchanges in areas such as military training, personnel training, and UN peacekeeping, expand practical cooperation in non-traditional security fields such as humanitarian relief and counter-terrorism, and strengthen military trade and military technology cooperation. Continue to hold the China-Latin America High-Level Defense Forum on a voluntary basis. Welcome Latin American and Caribbean countries to attend the Beijing Xiangshan Forum in China.

(C) Law Enforcement and Judicial Cooperation

Actively promote exchanges and cooperation between Chinese and Latin American law enforcement and judicial authorities. Accelerate the negotiation and signing of extradition treaties, criminal and civil and commercial judicial assistance treaties, and other law enforcement and judicial cooperation agreements. Agreement. Strengthen and expand cooperation between both sides in areas such as extradition, repatriation of criminal suspects and convicted persons, and the seizure, confiscation, and return of criminal assets. Coordinate positions in international multilateral law enforcement cooperation, and jointly combat transnational crime and non-traditional security threats such as terrorism. Deepen anti-drug law enforcement cooperation and jointly combat drug trafficking. Welcome Latin American and Caribbean countries to attend the Global Public Security Cooperation Forum (Lianyungang) in China.

(IV) Anti-Corruption and Asset Recovery Cooperation

Based on their respective domestic laws and the United Nations Convention against Corruption, expand cooperation in anti-corruption, anti-money laundering, and combating illicit financial flows, and effectively carry out practical cooperation in fugitive apprehension and asset recovery. Strengthen exchanges of experience and practical cooperation in building integrity under the Belt and Road Initiative, and promote the "Beijing Initiative for a Clean Silk Road." Continue to hold anti-corruption training courses for Belt and Road partners and provide training opportunities for Latin American and Caribbean countries. Explore the possibility of continuing to hold the China-Caribbean Anti-Corruption Law Enforcement Cooperation Conference at an appropriate time. Conduct multilateral anti-money laundering cooperation within the framework of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), and simultaneously conduct bilateral anti-money laundering cooperation through the signing of cooperation memorandums and other forms.

(V) Cybersecurity

The Chinese government is willing to work with Latin American and Caribbean countries, based on the principles of peace, sovereignty, co-governance, and inclusiveness, and based on the Global Data Security Initiative, to jointly build a peaceful, open, secure, cooperative, and orderly cyberspace, establish a multilateral, democratic, and transparent internet governance system, promote the formulation of universally accepted international norms of conduct in cyberspace under the UN framework, promote the early entry into force of the UN Convention against Cybercrime, and actively build a community of shared future in cyberspace. Oppose cyber hegemony and oppose the use of the internet to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries and endanger their political, economic, and social stability. Continue to hold the China-Latin America Internet Development and Cooperation Forum.

(VI) Non-Proliferation Export Control

The Chinese government is willing to work with Latin American and Caribbean countries to firmly uphold the United Nations' role in preventing weapons of mass destruction... playing a leading role in the governance of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and promoting the establishment of a just, reasonable, and non-discriminatory non-proliferation export control order. Strengthening exchanges and cooperation to promote the comprehensive, balanced, and sustainable implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1540. Coordinating development and security, and safeguarding the legitimate rights of developing countries to the peaceful use of science and technology.

V. People-Centered Projects

(I) Social Governance and Social Development

China is willing to conduct exchanges and cooperation with Latin American and Caribbean countries on strengthening and innovating social governance, sharing and learning from governance experiences, jointly promoting the modernization of national governance systems and capabilities, continuously improving the socialization, rule of law, intelligence, and professionalization of social governance, and maintaining social stability and order and long-term national peace and security.

Further promoting exchanges and cooperation between China and Latin America in social welfare, social assistance, and other social development fields, strengthening policy sharing, and promoting and achieving practical cooperation between both sides in providing services and assistance to special groups such as the elderly, people with disabilities, and children, as well as disadvantaged groups in urban and rural areas.

(II) Poverty Reduction Cooperation

Promoting dialogue and exchanges between China and Latin America in rural revitalization, poverty reduction, hunger eradication, and narrowing the gap between rich and poor, sharing information on poverty identification, and sharing experiences in targeted poverty alleviation. Conducting technical cooperation, strengthening poverty reduction capacity building, and promoting the formulation of economic and social policies that benefit the poor and vulnerable groups. Encouraging and supporting exchanges and cooperation between relevant departments of both sides, and continuing to successfully hold the China-Latin America Poverty Reduction and Development Forum. Deepening development cooperation in the field of people's livelihoods, and continuing to carry out "small but beautiful" projects benefiting the people in Latin American and Caribbean countries.

(III) Health Cooperation

China will continue to assist Latin American and Caribbean countries in training medical personnel, improving medical facilities, sending medical teams to Latin American and Caribbean countries, and actively carrying out free medical consultation projects. Strengthening cooperation between China and Latin America in traditional medicine, and conducting exchanges on drug regulation. Strengthening dialogue on public health policies, deepening cooperation in the health sector, strengthening cooperation and exchanges in border health quarantine, and supporting exchanges between medical and health institutions at all levels will be provided for sharing best practices in disease prevention and control, and infectious disease prevention and treatment.

(IV) Consular Cooperation

Strengthen and expand exchanges and cooperation between Chinese and Latin American consular departments, make good use of the consular consultation mechanism, and effectively safeguard the safety and legitimate rights and interests of Chinese and Latin American citizens and institutions in each other's countries. China adheres to a high level of opening up and will continuously improve the convenience of personnel exchanges between China and Latin America.

(V) Tourism Cooperation

Hold the "China-Latin America and Caribbean Tourism Dialogue". Encourage Chinese and Latin American tourism agencies and enterprises to promote each other's tourism resources and products, expand tourism cooperation, and jointly support travel agents in conducting site visits and participating in tourism exhibitions in each other's countries. Explore and introduce more facilitating policies to promote two-way tourism, support and encourage airlines from both sides to carry out various forms of business cooperation such as code-sharing, and open air routes and flights between China and Latin America according to market demand. Strengthen dialogue and cooperation between consumer protection departments of both sides, focusing on protecting the consumer rights of international travelers.

(VI) People-to-People and Local Government Exchanges

Encourage people-to-people exchanges between China and Latin America, and support social organizations in carrying out diverse forms of friendly exchanges and public welfare activities. Promote exchanges between government youth agencies and youth organizations of both sides, and continue to hold projects such as the "China-Latin America Youth Exchange", China-Latin America Young Leaders Training and Exchange Camp, China-Latin America Youth Development Forum, and Latin American and Caribbean Diplomat Visiting Group. Deepen friendly cooperation between women's organizations of both sides, and jointly promote gender equality and women's empowerment. Encourage social forces from both sides to cooperate in areas such as disaster prevention and mitigation, health promotion, and livelihood development in grassroots communities, and enhance the capacity of local communities to withstand disasters and achieve comprehensive development.

Continue to hold the China-Latin America People-to-People Friendship Forum and the China-Latin America Local Government Cooperation Forum, and encourage the establishment of more sister cities and provinces/states. Promote the establishment of a China-Latin America local government dialogue mechanism led and supported by the governments of China and Latin American and Caribbean countries, entrusted to the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and relevant government-backed institutions on the Latin American side, to help China-Latin America local government exchanges and cooperation reach a new level. 

 

周志伟：“五大工程”推动中拉命运共同体走深走实

作者：周志伟 | 发布时间：2025年12月13日 | 来源：光明网-光明日报 2025-12-13 | 字体放大 | 字体缩小

12月10日，中国政府发布第三份《中国对拉丁美洲和加勒比政策文件》（以下简称“对拉政策文件”），充分阐释了中拉关系实现“跨越式”发展的基本逻辑、中国对拉美和加勒比地区政策的根本立场、中国携手拉美和加勒比地区构建命运共同体的愿景及路线图。该政策文件既是对前两份对拉政策文件的继承延续，也赋予了中拉关系新的时代内涵，明确了通过“五大工程”共建中拉命运共同体的中国方案。

中拉关系源远流长，早期的友好交往促进了中拉两大文明的交汇融合，造就了诸多具有共同文化标识的文明记忆。中拉人民携手反抗殖民主义、帝国主义、霸权主义，相互支持民族国家构建和现代化建设，共同推进全人类正义事业。进入21世纪，中拉合作活力和潜力不断展现，中拉关系实现了举世瞩目的“跨越式”发展，成为新型国际关系和南南合作的典范，充分体现了平等、互利、创新、开放、惠民的中拉关系新时代特征。

坚持相互尊重、平等相待，是中拉合作层层递进的重要前提。在已发布的三份对拉政策文件中，中国都体现出对拉美和加勒比地区的充分尊重，肯定其发展成就和潜力，认可该地区的国际影响力和世界贡献。第三份对拉政策文件尤其强调，中国始终同包括拉美和加勒比在内的全球南方同呼吸、共命运。在中拉关系的历史实践中，中国始终秉持相互尊重、平等相待、不干涉内政的原则，从战略高度看待对拉关系，开展对拉合作，不断强化中拉之间的身份和价值共识。截至目前，中国已同拉美地区中的16国建立了不同类型的伙伴关系，且与古巴、巴西确定了命运共同体关系。

践行互利共赢、共同发展，是中拉合作步步跃升的核心动力。中拉有着相似的历史遭遇，对实现现代化和构建公正合理的国际秩序都有着相似的诉求与目标。在新中国与拉美国家的合作初期，双方优势互补，不断扩大贸易关系和技术合作，并携手为发展中国家争取正当权益。改革开放后，中国经济的快速发展为中拉合作提供更强劲的动力支持。尤其是进入21世纪以来，中拉经贸合作的活力和潜力得到进一步释放，拉美成为中国对外贸易、对外投资增长最快的地区。中拉贸易额从2001年的148.4亿美元增至2024年的5184.7亿美元，增长约34倍；中国对拉投资存量已超6000亿美元，较2001年底的46.2亿美元增加近130倍，成为在美欧之后拉美的第三大投资来源国。蓬勃的经贸合作既助力了中拉的现代化发展，也提升了双方人民的幸福感、获得感。在此过程中，中国坚持深化发展战略对接的合作理念，中拉合作呈现出多主体参与、多领域推进的旺盛态势。中拉整体合作机制应运而生，中拉之间的空、港直通航线越来越多，中拉产业合作向能源资源、基础设施、信息技术等多个领域延伸，合作链条更趋多元立体。

从2008年提出“全面合作伙伴关系”到2016年明确“1+3+6”合作框架，再到2025年倡导“五大工程”，中国对拉政策倡议体现出鲜明的体系化特征，是在百年未有之大变局中锚定中拉双方共同利益、共谋发展振兴的命运共同体构建路径探索。从政策内容来看，“五大工程”是对中拉合作实践的精准概括，也将成为下一阶段中国对拉政策的重要遵循，体现出中国对拉合作守正、开放、务实、开拓、创新的政策理念。

团结工程旨在夯实政治基础。中拉关系历经国际风云变幻的洗礼，已凝聚起坚实的身份和价值共识。在此基础上，中拉不断丰富完善双边和多边对话与磋商机制，进一步巩固了战略互信。在涉及各自国家主权、安全、领土完整等核心利益和重大关切问题上，中拉始终相互理解，支持彼此走符合各自国情的发展道路，反对霸权主义和强权政治。与此同时，在维护世界多极化和经济全球化方面，中拉是“同路人”和协作伙伴。在国际体系深度调整的大势下，中拉携手践行全球治理倡议，协同振兴全球南方。

发展工程旨在促进共同繁荣。发展是全球南方崛起的关键前提，也是中拉双方的核心诉求。半个多世纪以来，中拉实现了优势互补、互利合作、共享发展的经贸高效合作模式，有效促进了各自现代化发展以及国际影响力的提升。在第三份对拉政策文件中，深化发展战略对接成为延续中拉经贸合作活力、挖掘合作潜力的主要政策思路。除进一步巩固在贸易、投资层面的增量优势外，中国强调在全球发展倡议、共建“一带一路”倡议等合作框架下，充分利用各种合作机制和平台，持续分享中国式现代化发展的新机遇，加强发展战略对接，积极推进各领域合作。与前两份对拉政策文件相比，第三份对拉政策文件增加了“环保、气候变化和减灾合作”“税收合作”“市场监管合作”等内容，体现出中国在对拉合作中对高质量发展的目标愿景。

文明工程旨在深化文明互鉴。文明交流是中拉合作的重要组成部分，更是中拉合作提质升级的重要保障。近些年来，中拉文明交流蓬勃发展，有效夯实了中拉关系的社会基础。第三份对拉政策文件进一步强调，未来的中拉文明工程建设应以全球文明倡议为导向，树立平等、互鉴、对话、包容的文明观，弘扬和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值，推进中拉文明对话，开展古代文明研究、联合考古、古迹修复、博物馆交流等文化遗产各领域务实合作，推动流失文物追索返还等合作。很显然，复兴中拉文明将成为中拉文明工程的重要内涵。

和平工程旨在维护地区稳定。和平是国际合作的基本前提，也是中拉命运共同体建设的重要保障。在全球局势变乱交织的背景下，和平工程建设成为第三份对拉政策文件中颇具新意的内容，尤其是倡导秉持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，统筹发展和安全，携手落实全球安全倡议，开展和平安全领域交流合作，共促地区及世界和平稳定。一方面，中国明确支持拉美地区成为“和平区”“无核区”的地区安全诉求。另一方面，中国积极开展与拉美国家军事交流与合作，支持拉美国家安全能力建设；共同打击跨国犯罪以及恐怖主义等非传统安全威胁，深化禁毒执法合作，扩大反腐追讨追赃合作。同时，中国还希望与拉美国家一道推动构建公正、合理、非歧视的防扩散出口管制秩序，并维护发展中国家和平利用科技的合法权利。

民心工程旨在增进人民情谊。“以人民为中心”是中国特色大国外交的价值追求。近年来，“惠民性”已成为中拉合作的鲜明特征，不管是“大基建”工程还是“小而美”项目，都优先关注环保、就业、人力资源培训、医疗卫生等议题，从而提升拉美民众在中拉合作中的获得感。第三份对拉政策文件明确了中拉可在社会治理与社会发展、减贫、卫生、领事、旅游、民间和地方交往等领域深化合作，进一步提升了中拉合作的惠民程度，充分体现了“以民为本”理念在中拉命运共同体构建中的价值地位。

今年，第三份对拉政策文件的发布与中国的“十五五”规划、中国式现代化续航开拓的时间节点相吻合，体现了国内、国际两个层面谋篇布局的有机结合，也展现了中拉合作的坚实基础，充分释放了持续深化中拉关系的合作意愿、诚意与信心。“五大工程”的倡议主张不仅明确了中拉合作的实质内容，也将进一步成为中拉命运共同体构建的坚实支柱。

（作者：周志伟，系中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所研究员、国际关系研究室主任）

（来源：《光明日报》2025年12月13日第8版）

 

Zhou Zhiwei: "Five Major Projects" Drive the China-Latin America Community of Shared Future to Deeper and More Substantial Development

Author: Zhou Zhiwei | Publication Time: December 13, 2025 | Source: Guangming Online - Guangming Daily 2025-12-13 | Font Size: Enlarge | Font Size: Reduce

On December 10, the Chinese government released its third "China's Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean" (hereinafter referred to as the "Policy Paper on Latin America"), which fully explains the basic logic of the "leapfrog" development of China-Latin America relations, China's fundamental position on its policy towards Latin America and the Caribbean, and China's vision and roadmap for building a community of shared future with Latin America and the Caribbean. This policy paper inherits and continues the previous two policy papers on Latin America, while also giving new contemporary connotations to China-Latin America relations, clearly defining the Chinese plan for jointly building a China-Latin America community of shared future through "five major projects."

China-Latin America relations have a long history. Early friendly exchanges promoted the convergence and integration of the two great civilizations of China and Latin America, creating numerous shared cultural memories. The Chinese and Latin American people have joined hands to resist colonialism, imperialism, and hegemonism, supported each other in national construction and modernization, and jointly promoted the cause of justice for all humankind. Entering the 21st century, the vitality and potential of China-Latin America cooperation have been continuously demonstrated, and China-Latin America relations have achieved remarkable "leapfrog" development, becoming a model of new international relations and South-South cooperation, fully reflecting the new era characteristics of China-Latin America relations: equality, mutual benefit, innovation, openness, and benefit to the people.

Adhering to mutual respect and equal treatment is an important prerequisite for the progressive development of China-Latin America cooperation. In the three policy papers on Latin America that have been released, China has consistently demonstrated full respect for Latin America and the Caribbean, affirming their development achievements and potential, and recognizing the region's international influence and contributions to the world. The third policy paper on Latin America particularly emphasizes that China has always shared the same destiny with the Global South, including Latin America and the Caribbean. In the historical practice of China-Latin America relations, China has always upheld the principles of mutual respect, equal treatment, and non-interference in internal affairs, viewing China-Latin America relations from a strategic perspective, conducting cooperation with Latin America, and continuously strengthening the shared identity and values ​​between China and Latin America. To date, China has established various types of partnerships with 16 countries in Latin America, and has forged a community of shared future with Cuba and Brazil.

Practicing mutual benefit, win-win cooperation, and common development is the core driving force behind the continuous advancement of China-Latin America cooperation. China and Latin America share similar historical experiences and have similar aspirations and goals for achieving modernization and building a just and equitable international order. In the early stages of cooperation between New China and Latin American countries, both sides leveraged their complementary strengths, continuously expanding trade relations and technological cooperation, and working together to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries. After the reform and opening up, China's rapid economic development provided stronger impetus for China-Latin America cooperation. Especially since the beginning of the 21st century, the vitality and potential of China-Latin America economic and trade cooperation have been further unleashed, making Latin America the fastest-growing region for China's foreign trade and investment. Trade volume between China and Latin America increased from US$14.84 billion in 2001 to US$518.47 billion in 2024, an increase of approximately 34 times; China's investment stock in Latin America has exceeded US$600 billion, an increase of nearly 130 times compared to US$4.62 billion at the end of 2001, making China the third largest source of investment in Latin America after the United States and Europe. The booming economic and trade cooperation has not only contributed to the modernization of both China and Latin America but also enhanced the sense of happiness and fulfillment of their people. In this process, China has adhered to the cooperation concept of deepening the alignment of development strategies, and China-Latin America cooperation has shown a vigorous trend of multi-stakeholder participation and multi-field advancement. The overall cooperation mechanism between China and Latin America has emerged, with an increasing number of direct air and sea routes between China and Latin America, and industrial cooperation extending to various fields such as energy resources, infrastructure, and information technology, making the cooperation chain more diversified and multi-dimensional.

From proposing a "comprehensive partnership" in 2008 to clarifying the "1+3+6" cooperation framework in 2016, and then advocating the "five major projects" in 2025, China's policy initiatives towards Latin America demonstrate a distinct systematic characteristic, representing an exploration of a path to building a community of shared future that anchors the common interests of both China and Latin America and seeks common development and revitalization amidst unprecedented global changes. From a policy perspective, the "Five Major Projects" accurately summarize the practical aspects of China-Latin America cooperation and will serve as important guidelines for China's policy towards Latin America in the next stage, reflecting China's policy philosophy of upholding principles, openness, pragmatism, pioneering spirit, and innovation in its cooperation with Latin America.

The Solidarity Project aims to consolidate the political foundation. Having weathered the vicissitudes of international affairs, China-Latin America relations have forged a solid consensus on identity and values. On this basis, China and Latin America have continuously enriched and improved bilateral and multilateral dialogue and consultation mechanisms, further consolidating strategic mutual trust. On issues concerning each other's core interests and major concerns, such as national sovereignty, security, and territorial integrity, China and Latin America have always understood each other and supported each other in pursuing development paths that suit their respective national conditions, opposing hegemonism and power politics. At the same time, China and Latin America are "fellow travelers" and collaborative partners in maintaining a multipolar world and economic globalization. Amidst the profound adjustments in the international system, China and Latin America are working together to implement global governance initiatives and jointly revitalize the Global South.

The Development Project aims to promote common prosperity. Development is a key prerequisite for the rise of the Global South and a core demand of both China and Latin America. For more than half a century, China and Latin America have achieved a highly efficient model of economic and trade cooperation characterized by complementarity, mutual benefit, and shared development, effectively promoting their respective modernization and enhancing their international influence. In the third policy document on Latin America, deepening the alignment of development strategies has become the main policy approach to sustaining the vitality of China-Latin America economic and trade cooperation and unlocking its potential. In addition to further consolidating the incremental advantages in trade and investment, China emphasizes fully utilizing various cooperation mechanisms and platforms under cooperation frameworks such as the Global Development Initiative and the Belt and Road Initiative to continuously share new opportunities for Chinese-style modernization, strengthen the alignment of development strategies, and actively promote cooperation in various fields. Compared with the previous two policy documents on Latin America, the third policy document adds content such as "environmental protection, climate change and disaster reduction cooperation," "tax cooperation," and "market regulation cooperation," reflecting China's goal and vision of high-quality development in its cooperation with Latin America.

The Civilization Project aims to deepen mutual learning among civilizations. Cultural exchange is an important component of China-Latin America cooperation and a crucial guarantee for the upgrading of China-Latin America cooperation. In recent years, China-Latin America cultural exchanges have flourished, effectively consolidating the social foundation of China-Latin America relations. The third policy document on relations with Latin America further emphasizes that future China-Latin America civilization projects should be guided by the Global Civilization Initiative, establishing a civilization view based on equality, mutual learning, dialogue, and inclusiveness, promoting the common values ​​of humanity—peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom—and advancing China-Latin America civilization dialogue.  This includes practical cooperation in various fields of cultural heritage, such as ancient civilization research, joint archaeology, monument restoration, and museum exchanges, as well as cooperation on the recovery and return of looted cultural artifacts. Clearly, the revitalization of China-Latin America civilization will be a crucial component of the China-Latin America civilization project.

The Peace Project aims to maintain regional stability. Peace is a fundamental prerequisite for international cooperation and an important guarantee for the construction of a China-Latin America community of shared future. Against the backdrop of a turbulent global situation, the Peace Project is a particularly innovative aspect of the third policy document on relations with Latin America, especially its advocacy of upholding a common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security concept, coordinating development and security, and working together to implement the Global Security Initiative, conducting exchanges and cooperation in the field of peace and security, and jointly promoting regional and world peace and stability. On the one hand, China explicitly supports the Latin American region's security aspirations to become a "peace zone" and a "nuclear-free zone." On the other hand, China actively conducts military exchanges and cooperation with Latin American countries, supporting their security capacity building; jointly combating transnational crime and terrorism and other non-traditional security threats, deepening cooperation in drug enforcement, and expanding cooperation in anti-corruption and asset recovery. At the same time, China also hopes to work with Latin American countries to promote the establishment of a just, reasonable, and non-discriminatory non-proliferation export control order, and to safeguard the legitimate rights of developing countries to the peaceful use of technology.

The People-to-People Project aims to enhance friendship between peoples. "People-centered" is the value pursuit of China's distinctive major-country diplomacy. In recent years, "benefiting the people" has become a prominent feature of China-Latin America cooperation. Whether it is large-scale infrastructure projects or smaller, more targeted projects, priority is given to issues such as environmental protection, employment, human resource training, and healthcare, thereby enhancing the sense of benefit among Latin American people from China-Latin America cooperation. The third policy document on relations with Latin America clarifies that China and Latin America can deepen cooperation in areas such as social governance and social development, poverty reduction, health, consular affairs, tourism, and people-to-people and local exchanges, further enhancing the benefits of China-Latin America cooperation and fully reflecting the value of the "people-centered" concept in the construction of a China-Latin America community of shared future. 

This year, the release of the third policy document on relations with Latin America coincides with the timeframe of China's 15th Five-Year Plan and the continued development of Chinese modernization, reflecting the organic integration of strategic planning at both domestic and international levels.  It also demonstrates the solid foundation of China-Latin America cooperation and fully expresses the willingness, sincerity, and confidence in continuously deepening China-Latin America relations. The "Five Major Projects" initiative not only clarifies the substantive content of China-Latin America cooperation but will also further become a solid pillar in building a China-Latin America community of shared future.

(Author: Zhou Zhiwei, Researcher and Director of the Department of International Relations, Institute of Latin American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

(Source: *Guangming Daily*, December 13, 2025, Page 8)